- Newark, Delaware, United States
Patrick Gaffney
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy, Faculty Member
The tautog (Tautoga onitis) is one of two temperate labrid species commonly inhabiting the coastal marine and estuarine waters of the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. Although the species range extends from the outer coast of Nova... more
The tautog (Tautoga onitis) is one of two temperate labrid species commonly inhabiting the coastal marine and estuarine waters of the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. Although the species range extends from the outer coast of Nova Scotia to Georgia, tautog are most abundant from Cape Cod to Chesa- peake Bay (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953). They are generally found in high relief, reefl ike habitats such as those associated with jetties, break-
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Research Interests: Genetics, Marine Biology, Environmental Science, Biology, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreEnvironmental Sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, North Atlantic, Disease resistance, Fishery, Chesapeake Bay, Oyster, Estuary, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Habitat Degradation, Genetic Improvement, South Atlantic, Haplotype, Stock enhancement, and Crassostrea virginica
Research Interests: Genetics, Zoology, Genetic Drift, Biology, Ecology, and 13 moreFish Biology, Natural Selection, Mitochondrial DNA, Captive Breeding, Fisheries Sciences, Population expansion, Genetic Differentiation, Sea bass, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Pacific Coast, Genetic Similarity, Bass Fish, and Direct sequence
Research Interests: Population Biology, Biology, Restoration, Genetic Diversity, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreEnvironmental Sciences, Population, Effective Population Size, Fishery, Habitat loss, Geographic distribution, Threatened Species, Inbreeding, Shellfish, Crassostrea gigas, Hatchery, Management of Aquatic Living Resources, Genetic Variability, Genetic Monitoring, and Crassostrea virginica
The Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) exhibits a circumpolar distribution in coastal waters south of the Antarctic Polar Front. For a preliminary evaluation of global population structure in this species, we examined four... more
The Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) exhibits a circumpolar distribution in coastal waters south of the Antarctic Polar Front. For a preliminary evaluation of global population structure in this species, we examined four mitochondrial regions and 13 nuclear gene fragments in samples from four CCAMLR Subareas in the Southern Ocean (Australian Antarctic Territory (Subarea 58.4.2), Ross Dependency (Subareas 88.1 and 88.2) and the South Shetland Islands (Subarea 48.1). Significant genetic differentiation within and among locations was observed for both mitochondrial and nuclear loci. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers developed here will be useful for more extensive analyses of population structure in this species.
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Species of the scyphozoan family Pelagiidae (e.g., Pelagia noctiluca, Chrysaora quinquecirrha) are well-known for impacting fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism, especially for the painful sting they can inflict on swimmers. However,... more
Species of the scyphozoan family Pelagiidae (e.g., Pelagia noctiluca, Chrysaora quinquecirrha) are well-known for impacting fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism, especially for the painful sting they can inflict on swimmers. However, historical taxonomic uncertainty at the genus (e.g., new genus Mawia) and species levels hinders progress in studying their biology and evolutionary adaptations that make them nuisance species, as well as ability to understand and/or mitigate their ecological and economic impacts. We collected nuclear (28S rDNA) and mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase I and 16S rDNA) sequence data from individuals of all four pelagiid genera, including 11 of 13 currently recognized species of Chrysaora. To examine species boundaries in the U.S. Atlantic sea nettle Chrysaora quinquecirrha, specimens were included from its entire range along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts, with representatives also examined morphologically (macromorphology and cnidome). Phylog...
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Numerous attempts have been made to restore the declining California abalone fisheries by outplanting of hatchery-produced seed. Poor survival of planted seed has been generally attributed to predation and emigration, lessening enthusiasm... more
Numerous attempts have been made to restore the declining California abalone fisheries by outplanting of hatchery-produced seed. Poor survival of planted seed has been generally attributed to predation and emigration, lessening enthusiasm for reseeding efforts. We present ...
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Research Interests: Genetics, Zoology, Technology, Polymorphism, Breeding, and 16 moreAquaculture, Genetic Diversity, Environmental Sciences, Marine BioTechnology, Marine, Genetic Structure, Animals, Litopenaeus Vannamei, Fisheries Sciences, Genetic variation, Microsatellite DNA, Genetic Variability, White Spot Syndrome Virus, Penaeidae, Inheritance Patterns, and Pacific white shrimp
Eighteen microsatellite markers were developed for the Crassostrea virginica nuclear genome, including di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide microsatellite repeat regions that included perfect, imperfect, and compound repeat sequences. A... more
Eighteen microsatellite markers were developed for the Crassostrea virginica nuclear genome, including di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide microsatellite repeat regions that included perfect, imperfect, and compound repeat sequences. A reference panel with DNA from the parents and four progeny of 10 full-sib families was used for a preliminary confirmation of polymorphism at these loci and indications of null alleles. Null alleles were discovered at three loci; in two instances, primer redesign enabled their amplification. Two to five representative alleles from each locus were sequenced to ensure that the targeted loci were amplifying. The sequence analysis revealed not only variation in the number of simple sequence repeat units, but also polymorphisms in the microsatellite flanking regions. A total of 3626 bp of combined microsatellite flanking region from the 18 loci was examined, revealing indels as well as nucleotide site substitutions. Overall, 16 indels and 146 substitutions were...
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... M. FAISAL AND SL KAATTARI* Department of Environmental Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, School of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA ... 1996; Garreis et al. 1996; Faisal... more
... M. FAISAL AND SL KAATTARI* Department of Environmental Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, School of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA ... 1996; Garreis et al. 1996; Faisal et al. 1998). ...
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Research Interests: Comparative sequence analysis, Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography, Biological Sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, Escherichia coli, and 10 moreAnimals, Comparative Analysis, Placozoa, Mitochondrial Genome, ribosomal RNA, Secondary Structure, Base Sequence, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Structural model, and Gene Expression Regulation
Research Interests: Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Molecular Evolution, Molecular, Sequence alignment, and 12 moreAnimals, Satellite 2 DNA, Mollusca, Repetitive DNA, Secondary Structure, Insertion sequence, Sea Urchin, Genomic Library, Genome sequence, Base Sequence, Structural Similarity Index, and Biochemistry and cell biology
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ABSTRACT Fertilization rates were measured in 100 2×2 crosses of oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from six hatchery lines and one natural population. Analysis of fertilization by a log-linear model showed significant interaction between... more
ABSTRACT Fertilization rates were measured in 100 2×2 crosses of oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from six hatchery lines and one natural population. Analysis of fertilization by a log-linear model showed significant interaction between sources of gametes for 30 of the crosses. Gametic compatibility indices (GCI), which estimated the rates of fertilization within populations relative to between-population matings, were more often positive than negative, indicating a slight advantage to within-population matings. However, of the 30 significant cases, GCI was positive in 15 cases and negative in 15 cases.A mass spawning of oysters in which aliquots of pooled eggs were fertilized separately by individual males showed a highly significant sire-dam interaction in yield of juveniles, reflecting differences in larval viability as well as sperm-egg interactions. The existence of moderate gametic incompatibility together with sire-dam interaction effects on larval viability may pose problems in oyster breeding programs employing the mass spawning of small numbers of broodstock.
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ABSTRACT New data are presented and published data reviewed for several bivalve species regarding the correlations of electrophoretic phenotypes with performance characteristics such as growth and viability in natural and hatchery-reared... more
ABSTRACT New data are presented and published data reviewed for several bivalve species regarding the correlations of electrophoretic phenotypes with performance characteristics such as growth and viability in natural and hatchery-reared populations. The relationship between allozyme phenotype and physiological traits depends strongly on the genetic structure of the population.
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (GenBank accession number AY905542) is 17,243 bp in length and contains 2 ribosomal genes, 12 protein-coding genes, and 23 transfer RNAs. The arrangement of... more
The complete mitochondrial genome of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (GenBank accession number AY905542) is 17,243 bp in length and contains 2 ribosomal genes, 12 protein-coding genes, and 23 transfer RNAs. The arrangement of protein-coding genes is identical to that of the congeneric Pacific oyster C. gigas, but tRNA genes show several duplications and extensive rearrangements between the species. Unique features in C. virginica include an additional trnM gene, the absence of an ATPase subunit 8 (atp8) gene, and an inferred translational frameshift within the cytochrome b (cob) gene. In both species the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene is encoded by 2 separate regions of the mitochondrial genome, the first reported case of a split ribosomal RNA gene in a metazoan. Translation of protein-coding genes in both species is initiated with methionine, with the exception of cob, which uses leucine. In C. virginica translation of all protein-coding genes (except possibly cob) terminates with TAA, with polyadenylation completing the primary transcript in cytochrome oxidase subunit III (cox3) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L (nad4L), whereas C. gigas employs stop codons TAA and TAG equally. Interspecific divergence of mitochondrially encoded proteins is considerable, with amino acid identities ranging from 47% to 92%. A single major noncoding region representing the putative control region is found in both species.