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    Alex Smith

    University of Houston, Fine Arts, Undergraduate
    Papers
    Contrast mechanisms associated with neuromelanin-MRImore
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
    Publication Date: Dec 26, 2016
    Publication Name: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
    Research Interests:
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    Transport Corridors, Local Environment and Social Exclusion: An Exploration of Possibilitiesmore
    by Alex Smith
    This paper presents a discussion of the role of transport corridors in the creation of positive perceptions of local landscapes and the associated social and economic benefits that may arise, including a contribution of the reduction of... more
    This paper presents a discussion of the role of transport corridors in the creation of positive perceptions of local landscapes and the associated social and economic benefits that may arise, including a contribution of the reduction of social exclusion. It aims to explore the potential role of transport corridors within the wider context of the links between local environment and social issues such as social exclusion. This paper combines both academic research and practical experiences.
    Publication Date: 2002
    Publication Name: European Transport Conference 2002MVA, Limited; Association for European Transport
    Research Interests:
    No sheltering sky. Migrant identities of Dutch nationals from Indonesiamore
    by Alex Smith
    Publication Date: 2002
    Research Interests:
    Draw it! Colour it! Creaturesmore
    by Alex Smith
    Publication Date: Mar 1, 2016
    Research Interests:
    Service Robotics Beyond Privacy Concerns: An Investigation of the Role of Learning Abilities on Technological Adoptionmore
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research
    Publication Date: Jul 12, 2022
    Publication Name: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
    Research Interests:
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    Calcium carbonate production by fish in temperate marine environments (dataset)more
    by Alex Smith
    This is the dataset used for the Salter et al. (2019) article "Calcium carbonate production by fish in temperate marine environments" published in Limnology and Oceanography.
    Publication Date: Sep 11, 2019
    Research Interests:
    Warfarin Reversal in Trauma Patients: A Prospective Studymore
    by Alex Smith
    Introduction There are no specific and clear guidelines regarding management of trauma patients who are on Warfarin. The objective of this study was to compare two methods of anticoagulation management in the pre-operative period for this... more
    Introduction There are no specific and clear guidelines regarding management of trauma patients who are on Warfarin. The objective of this study was to compare two methods of anticoagulation management in the pre-operative period for this group. Methods This study was conducted in two phases. In the first half (October 2005 to April 2006) the trauma patients on Warfarin were managed by the traditional method. The second group of patients who were admitted during May to December 2006 was given a single stat dose of Vitamin K (1 mg IV) in addition to stopping Warfarin and starting low molecular weight Heparin. There were 90 patients in this study, 45 in each group. There was no statistically significant difference in age distribution, INR on admission and medical co-morbidities in the two groups. Majority of patients were admitted with fracture neck of femur (43 in each group). All the patients had INR more than 1.5 on admission. Results INR levels decreased to 1.5 or less in 3.8 days in the first group and 1.6 days in the second group (p Conclusion In our experience 1 mg of intravenous Vitamin K on admission for Warfarin reversal in patients requiring operative management of femur fractures is a safe and effective treatment to avoid delay in treatment.
    Publication Date: Mar 1, 2012
    Publication Name: Orthopaedic Proceedings
    Research Interests:
    The effects of rivers and manmade impoundments on freshwater phytoplankton communities in northern lower Michiganmore
    by Alex Smith
    We looked similarities in sets of phytoplankton species between Douglas Lake and Lake Kathleen in Cheboygan County, MI, connected by the Maple River. We also compared changes in density and diversity of phytoplankton flowing through a... more
    We looked similarities in sets of phytoplankton species between Douglas Lake and Lake Kathleen in Cheboygan County, MI, connected by the Maple River. We also compared changes in density and diversity of phytoplankton flowing through a natural lake opening (between Douglas Lake and the upper Maple River) with changes in phytoplankton flowing across the Maple River Dam (separating Lake Kathleen from the lower Maple River). We took plankton tows and water samples at four sites: in Douglas Lake, downriver from Douglas Lake, in Lake Kathleen, and downriver from Lake Kathleen. By identifying species of plankton found in the tows and counting the number of cell/ml in our water samples using Palmer-Maloney cells, we obtained lists of species, their absolute densities, and overall diversity for each site. These data were compared between sites. The two lakes were found to support smiilar collections of species, likely indicating a communication of species via the Maple River. We found an increase in the density of plankters as they moved through the natural lake opening, wich was significant for diatoms (t=3.284, df=6, p=0.017) but not for soft algae. This may have been due to the colonization of the lake but not the river by zebra mussels. All plankton other than diatoms and Dinobryon sertularia droppped sharply in density as they crossed the dam (t=8.545, df=6, p<0.001), making for a considerable drop in diversity. We concluded that the turbidity of the dam-crossing likely eliminated many plankters from the river, while diatoms and D. sertularia were unaffected.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55074/1/3519.pdfDescription of 3519.pdf : Access restricted to on-site users at the U-M Biological Station
    Publication Date: 2005
    Research Interests:
    High-resolution quantitative imaging of the substantia nigramore
    by Alex Smith
    There is a growing interest in identifying neuroimaging-based biomarkers for... more
    There is a growing interest in identifying neuroimaging-based biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which the major pathologic substrate is the loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Recently, an MRI technique dubbed "neuromelanin-sensitive MRI" (NM-MRI), has been found to provide notable contrast between the SN and surrounding brain tissues with potential applications as biomarker of PD. The contrast in NM-MRI has been associated with magnetization transfer (MT) effects, and thus the goal of this study was to characterize the impact of MT on NM-MRI, and to demonstrate the feasibility of performing quantitative MT (qMT) imaging in human SN. The results of this study demonstrate that high-resolution rapid qMT imaging of the SN can be reliably obtained within reasonable scan times, thereby can be translatable into clinical practice.
    Publication Date: Aug 1, 2015
    Research Interests:
    Mineral Resources Review 2010: Technical Programmore
    by Alex Smith
    Publication Date: 2010
    Research Interests:
    New visions of the countryside of Roman Britain, vol. 1: the rural settlement of Roman Britainmore
    by Alex Smith
    Publication Date: 2016
    Research Interests:
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    Disease-Management of Low- and Intermediate-1 Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Report on 800 Newly Diagnosed MDS Patients From the European LeukemiaNet MDS Registrymore
    by Alex Smith
    2917 Background: The European LeukemiaNet MDS (EUMDS) registry is designed to collect information about the demographics and disease-management of newly diagnosed low-risk and intermediate-1 risk MDS patients. From April 2008 until July... more
    2917 Background: The European LeukemiaNet MDS (EUMDS) registry is designed to collect information about the demographics and disease-management of newly diagnosed low-risk and intermediate-1 risk MDS patients. From April 2008 until July 2010, 828 patients have been registered in eleven participating countries through a web-based reporting system. Objectives: This report describes the disease-management of the first 800 registered patients, including transfusion-related issues like secondary iron overload and its treatment. Results: 159 of 800 patients (20%) started MDS specific treatment within three months before registration; this percentage increased to 50% at 18 months of follow-up. Most patients received erythroid-stimulating agents (ESA), like erythropoietin (Table 1). In patients with a clinical indication for ESA, the percentage of transfusion-independency was similar to the transfusion-independent group without indication for ESA at 18 months of follow-up (Table 1). Overall...
    Publisher: American Society of Hematology
    Publication Date: 2010
    Publication Name: Blood
    Research Interests:
    Lupus-related single nucleotide polymorphisms and risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphomamore
    by Alex Smith
    Determinants of the increased risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in SLE are unclear. Using data from a recent lymphoma genome-wide association study (GWAS), we assessed whether certain lupus-related single nucleotide... more
    Determinants of the increased risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in SLE are unclear. Using data from a recent lymphoma genome-wide association study (GWAS), we assessed whether certain lupus-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also associated with DLBCL. GWAS data on European Caucasians from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph) provided a total of 3857 DLBCL cases and 7666 general-population controls. Data were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. Among the 28 SLE-related SNPs investigated, the two most convincingly associated with risk of DLBCL included the CD40 SLE risk allele rs4810485 on chromosome 20q13 (OR per risk allele=1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.16, p=0.0134), and the HLA SLE risk allele rs1270942 on chromosome 6p21.33 (OR per risk allele=1.17, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.36, p=0.0362). Of additional possible interest were rs2205960 and rs12537284. The rs2205960 SNP, related to a cytokine of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily ...
    Publication Date: 2017
    Publication Name: Lupus science & medicine
    Research Interests:
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    Pool size ratio of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease derived from two different quantitative magnetization transfer approachesmore
    by Alex Smith
    We sought to measure quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) properties of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy controls (HCs) using a full qMT analysis and determine whether... more
    We sought to measure quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) properties of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy controls (HCs) using a full qMT analysis and determine whether a rapid single-point measurement yields equivalent results for pool size ratio (PSR). Sixteen different MT-prepared MRI scans were obtained at 3 T from 16 PD patients and eight HCs, along with B1, B0, and relaxation time maps. Maps of PSR, free and macromolecular pool transverse relaxation times ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and rate of MT exchange between pools (k mf ) were generated using a full qMT model. PSR maps were also generated using a single-point qMT model requiring just two MT-prepared images. qMT parameter values of the SNc, red nucleus, cerebral crus, and gray matter were compared between groups and methods. PSR of the SNc was the only qMT parameter to differ significantly between groups (p < 0.05). PSR measured via si...
    Publication Date: Jan 6, 2017
    Publication Name: Neuroradiology
    Research Interests:
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    Intra-plate seismicity in the subducting Philippine Sea Plate, southwest Japan: magnitude–depth correlationsmore
    by Alex Smith
    Recent studies of intra-plate seismicity have focused on detailed earthquake locations and potential hypotheses for intermediate depth events. Three main competing hypotheses for intra-plate events are: (1) transformational faulting; (2)... more
    Recent studies of intra-plate seismicity have focused on detailed earthquake locations and potential hypotheses for intermediate depth events. Three main competing hypotheses for intra-plate events are: (1) transformational faulting; (2) shear melt instabilities; and (3) dehydration reactions. Recent work, using precise hypocenters and thermal-petrological models, indicates that the spatial distribution of intra-plate events coincides with dehydration reactions. These studies have
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2004
    Publication Name: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
    Research Interests:
    Spray-cast multilayer perovskite solar cells with an active-area of 1.5 cm(2)more
    by Alex Smith
    We utilise spray-coating under ambient conditions to sequentially deposit compact-TiO2, mesoporous-TiO2, CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx perovskite and doped spiro-OMeTAD layers, creating a mesoporous standard architecture perovskite solar cell (PSC).... more
    We utilise spray-coating under ambient conditions to sequentially deposit compact-TiO2, mesoporous-TiO2, CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx perovskite and doped spiro-OMeTAD layers, creating a mesoporous standard architecture perovskite solar cell (PSC). The devices created had an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.2% and a peak PCE of 10.2%; values that compare favourably with control-devices fabricated by spin-casting that had an average efficiency of 11.4%. We show that our process can be used to create devices having an active-area of 1.5 cm(2) having an independently verified efficiency of 6.6%. This work demonstrates the versatility of spray-coating as well as its potential as a method of manufacturing low-cost, large-area, efficient perovskite devices.
    Publication Date: Jan 11, 2017
    Publication Name: Scientific reports
    Research Interests:
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    Cytomorphology review of 100 newly diagnosed lower-risk MDS patients in the European LeukemiaNet MDS (EUMDS) registry reveals a high inter-observer concordancemore
    by Alex Smith
    The European LeukemiaNet MDS (EUMDS) registry is collecting data of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients belonging to the IPSS low or intermediate-1 category, newly diagnosed by local cytologists. The diagnosis of MDS can be... more
    The European LeukemiaNet MDS (EUMDS) registry is collecting data of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients belonging to the IPSS low or intermediate-1 category, newly diagnosed by local cytologists. The diagnosis of MDS can be challenging, and some data report inter-observer variability with regard to the assessment of the MDS subtype. In order to ensure that correct diagnoses were made by the participating centres, blood and bone marrow slides of 10% of the first 1000 patients were reviewed by an 11-person panel of cytomorphologists. All slides were rated by at least 3 panel members (median 8 panel members; range 3-9). Marrow slides from 98 out of 105 patients were of good quality and therefore could be rated properly according to the WHO 2001 classification, including assessment of dysplastic lineages. The agreement between the reviewers whether the diagnosis was MDS or non-MDS was strong with an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.85. Six cases were detected not to fi...
    Publication Date: Jan 20, 2017
    Publication Name: Annals of hematology
    Research Interests:
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    Contrast mechanisms associated with neuromelanin-MRImore
    by Alex Smith
    To investigate the physical mechanisms associated with the contrast observed in neuromelanin MRI. Phantoms having different concentrations of synthetic melanins with different degrees of iron loading were examined on a 3 Tesla scanner... more
    To investigate the physical mechanisms associated with the contrast observed in neuromelanin MRI. Phantoms having different concentrations of synthetic melanins with different degrees of iron loading were examined on a 3 Tesla scanner using relaxometry and quantitative magnetization transfer (MT). Concentration-dependent T1 and T2 shortening was most pronounced for the melanin pigment when combined with iron. Metal-free melanin had a negligible effect on the magnetization transfer spectra. On the contrary, the presence of iron-laden melanins resulted in a decreased magnetization transfer ratio. The presence of melanin or iron (or both) did not have a significant effect on the macromolecular content, represented by the pool size ratio. The primary mechanism underlying contrast in neuromelanin-MRI appears to be the T1 reduction associated with melanin-iron complexes. The macromolecular content is not significantly influenced by the presence of melanin with or without iron, and thus th...
    Publication Date: Nov 26, 2016
    Publication Name: Magnetic resonance in medicine
    Research Interests:
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    Method and System for Treating Acute Heart Failure by Neuromodulationmore
    by Alex Smith
    Publication Date: Jul 2, 2009
    Minnesota Network of Parks and Trails: Framework January 2011more
    by Alex Smith
    pp. 85. In 2009, the Minnesota Legislature directed the University of Minnesota Center for Changing Landscapes (CCL) to create a long-range framework for an integrated statewide parks and trails system. The framework provides information... more
    pp. 85. In 2009, the Minnesota Legislature directed the University of Minnesota Center for Changing Landscapes (CCL) to create a long-range framework for an integrated statewide parks and trails system. The framework provides information that can guide decisions for acquiring and developing parks and trails. It suggests ways to link resources to meet the needs of a growing and diversifying populace and create a synergistic statewide network.
    Publication Date: 2011
    Research Interests:
    The effects of rivers and manmade impoundments on freshwater phytoplankton communities in northern lower Michiganmore
    by Alex Smith
    We looked similarities in sets of phytoplankton species between Douglas Lake and Lake Kathleen in Cheboygan County, MI, connected by the Maple River. We also compared changes in density and diversity of phytoplankton flowing through a... more
    We looked similarities in sets of phytoplankton species between Douglas Lake and Lake Kathleen in Cheboygan County, MI, connected by the Maple River. We also compared changes in density and diversity of phytoplankton flowing through a natural lake opening (between Douglas Lake and the upper Maple River) with changes in phytoplankton flowing across the Maple River Dam (separating Lake Kathleen from the lower Maple River). We took plankton tows and water samples at four sites: in Douglas Lake, downriver from Douglas Lake, in Lake Kathleen, and downriver from Lake Kathleen. By identifying species of plankton found in the tows and counting the number of cell/ml in our water samples using Palmer-Maloney cells, we obtained lists of species, their absolute densities, and overall diversity for each site. These data were compared between sites. The two lakes were found to support smiilar collections of species, likely indicating a communication of species via the Maple River. We found an increase in the density of plankters as they moved through the natural lake opening, wich was significant for diatoms (t=3.284, df=6, p=0.017) but not for soft algae. This may have been due to the colonization of the lake but not the river by zebra mussels. All plankton other than diatoms and Dinobryon sertularia droppped sharply in density as they crossed the dam (t=8.545, df=6, p<0.001), making for a considerable drop in diversity. We concluded that the turbidity of the dam-crossing likely eliminated many plankters from the river, while diatoms and D. sertularia were unaffected.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55074/1/3519.pdfDescription of 3519.pdf : Access restricted to on-site users at the U-M Biological Station
    Publication Date: 2005
    Research Interests:
    Assessing the Usefulness of Simon’s and Joll’s Triangles in Thyroidectomymore
    by Alex Smith
    ABSTRACT
    The Tribe of Witches: The Region of theDobunniandHwicce. By StephenJ. Yeatesmore
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2009
    Publication Name: Archaeological Journal
    Research Interests:
    Adaptive Neural Network Control of Robot with Passive Last Jointmore
    by Alex Smith
    ABSTRACT Adaptive control of a robot manipulator with a passive joint (which has neither an actuator nor a holding brake) is investigated. With the aim to shape the controlled manipulator dynamics to be of minimized motion tracking errors... more
    ABSTRACT Adaptive control of a robot manipulator with a passive joint (which has neither an actuator nor a holding brake) is investigated. With the aim to shape the controlled manipulator dynamics to be of minimized motion tracking errors and joint accelerations, we employ a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimization technique to obtain an optimal reference model. Adaptive neural network (NN) control has been developed to ensure the reference model can be matched in finite time, in the presence of various uncertainties.
    Publication Date: 2012
    Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Computer Science
    Research Interests:
    The significance of cooking for early hominin scavengingmore
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2015
    Publication Name: Journal of Human Evolution
    Research Interests:
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    Dual adaptive control of bimanual manipulation with online fuzzy parameter tuningmore
    by Alex Smith
    A biomimetic controller with online adaptation of impedance and force is applied to a full kinematic and dynamic model of the Baxter bimanual robot. A set of fuzzy logic engines are proposed to infer the values of tuning gains which... more
    A biomimetic controller with online adaptation of impedance and force is applied to a full kinematic and dynamic model of the Baxter bimanual robot. A set of fuzzy logic engines are proposed to infer the values of tuning gains which affect the control performance and control effort of the controller, which would conventionally be set to a static value based on expert knowledge of the controller; the aim of this being to avoid the use of arbitary values to set these values. A simulated experiment is carried out, where the Baxter robot is required to move an object through a trajectory while subjected to two different disturbance forces in four phases. The controller with fuzzy inferred control gains is compared against the same controller with fixed gains to gauge the effectiveness of the new method. Results show that fuzzy inference of control gains impart an improvement in both tracking error and control effort.
    Publisher: IEEE
    Publication Date: 2014
    Publication Name: 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control (ISIC)
    Research Interests:
    Safety of vaccines used for routine immunization of U.S. children: a systematic reviewmore
    by Alex Smith
    Concerns about vaccine safety have led some parents to decline recommended vaccination of their children, leading to the resurgence of diseases. Reassurance of vaccine safety remains critical for population health. This study... more
    Concerns about vaccine safety have led some parents to decline recommended vaccination of their children, leading to the resurgence of diseases. Reassurance of vaccine safety remains critical for population health. This study systematically reviewed the literature on the safety of routine vaccines recommended for children in the United States. Data sources included PubMed, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices statements, package inserts, existing reviews, manufacturer information packets, and the 2011 Institute of Medicine consensus report on vaccine safety. We augmented the Institute of Medicine report with more recent studies and increased the scope to include more vaccines. Only studies that used active surveillance and had a control mechanism were included. Formulations not used in the United States were excluded. Adverse events and patient and vaccine characteristics were abstracted. Adverse event collection and reporting was evaluated by using the McHarm scale. We were...
    Publication Date: 2014
    Publication Name: Pediatrics
    Research Interests:
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    Fusion of white and gray matter geometry: A framework for investigating brain developmentmore
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2014
    Publication Name: Medical Image Analysis
    Research Interests:
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    Combining Surface and Fiber Geometry: An Integrated Approach to Brain Morphologymore
    by Alex Smith
    Publication Date: 2013
    Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Computer Science
    Research Interests:
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    Connectivity Subnetwork Learning for Pathology and Developmental Variationsmore
    by Alex Smith
    Publication Date: 2013
    Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Computer Science
    Research Interests:
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    From bounded affine types to automatic timing analysismore
    by Alex Smith
    Research Interests:
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    Persistent prostate-specific antigen expression after neoadjuvant androgen depletion: An early predictor of relapse or incomplete androgen suppressionmore
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2006
    Publication Name: Urology
    Research Interests:
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    Genome-wide analysis of gene expression associated with MYCN in human neuroblastomamore
    by Alex Smith
    Molecular mechanisms through which MYCN expression contributes to the malignant phenotype of neuroblastoma are unknown. We performed a genome-widegene expression analysis of 40 well-characterized neuroblastic tumors and 12 cell lines to... more
    Molecular mechanisms through which MYCN expression contributes to the malignant phenotype of neuroblastoma are unknown. We performed a genome-widegene expression analysis of 40 well-characterized neuroblastic tumors and 12 cell lines to identify genes and biological pathways associated with MYCN expression. Gene expression was validated by reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry using tissue arrays. Two hundred twenty-two of 62,839 oligonucleotide probe sets detected expression of genes that were strongly associated with MYCN expression. Differentially expressed genes included examples of known oncogenes, genes associated with neural differentiation, and genes related to cell proliferation. Expression of a subset of these genes was altered after transfection of a neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-ER, with a MYCN expressing gene construct when protein synthesis was inhibited and have consensus MYCN binding E-box sequences in their promotor regions, suggesting they represent di...
    Publication Date: 2003
    Publication Name: Cancer research
    Research Interests:
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    Identifying group discriminative and age regressive sub-networks from DTI-based connectivity via a unified framework of non-negative matrix factorization and graph embeddingmore
    by Alex Smith
    Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers rich insights into the physical characteristics of white matter (WM) fiber tracts and their development in the brain, facilitating a network representation of brain's traffic pathways. Such a... more
    Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers rich insights into the physical characteristics of white matter (WM) fiber tracts and their development in the brain, facilitating a network representation of brain's traffic pathways. Such a network representation of brain connectivity has provided a novel means of investigating brain changes arising from pathology, development or aging. The high dimensionality of these connectivity networks necessitates the development of methods that identify the connectivity building blocks or sub-network components that characterize the underlying variation in the population. In addition, the projection of the subject networks into the basis set provides a low dimensional representation of it, that teases apart different sources of variation in the sample, facilitating variation-specific statistical analysis. We propose a unified framework of non-negative matrix factorization and graph embedding for learning sub-network patterns of connectivity by their...
    Publication Date: 2014
    Publication Name: Medical image analysis
    Research Interests:
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    Un modelo de gestión de proyectos inmobiliarios de renovación urbanamore
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: Universidad Nacional de Colombia
    Publication Date: 2014
    Publication Name: Cuadernos de Economía
    Research Interests:
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    Geometry of synthesis ivmore
    by Alex Smith
    Abramsky's Geometry of Interaction interpretation (GoI) is a logical-directed way to reconcile the process and functional views of computation, and can lead to a dataflow-style semantics of programming languages that is both... more
    Abramsky's Geometry of Interaction interpretation (GoI) is a logical-directed way to reconcile the process and functional views of computation, and can lead to a dataflow-style semantics of programming languages that is both operational (i.e. effective) and denotational (i.e. inductive on the language syntax). The key idea of Ghica's Geometry of Synthesis (GoS) approach is that for certain programming languages (namely Reynolds's affine Syntactic Control of Interference - SCI) the GoI processes-like interpretation of the language can be given a finitary representation, for both internal state and tokens. A physical realisation of this representation becomes a semantics-directed compiler for SCI into hardware. In this paper we examine the issue of compiling affine recursive programs into hardware using the GoS method. We give syntax and compilation techniques for unfolding recursive computation in space or in time and we illustrate it with simple benchmark-style examples....
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2011
    Publication Name: ACM SIGPLAN Notices
    Research Interests:
    Geometry of synthesis IIImore
    by Alex Smith
    Geometry of Synthesis is a technique for compiling higher-level programming languages into digital circuits via their game semantic model. Ghica (2007) first presented the key idea, then Ghica and Smith (2010) gave a provably correct... more
    Geometry of Synthesis is a technique for compiling higher-level programming languages into digital circuits via their game semantic model. Ghica (2007) first presented the key idea, then Ghica and Smith (2010) gave a provably correct compiler into asynchronous circuits for Syntactic Control of Interference (SCI), an affine-typed version of Reynolds's Idealized Algol. Affine typing has the dual benefits of ruling out race conditions through the type system and having a finite-state game-semantic model for any term, which leads to a natural circuit representation and simpler correctness proofs. In this paper we go beyond SCI to full Idealized Algol, enhanced with shared-memory concurrency and semaphores. Compiling ICA proceeds in three stages. First, an intermediate type system called Syntactic Control of Concurrency (SCC), is used to statically determine "concurrency bounds" on all identifiers in the program. Then, a program transformation called serialization is applie...
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2011
    Publication Name: ACM SIGPLAN Notices
    Research Interests:
    Urologist Compliance With AUA Best Practice Guidelines for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Medicare Populationmore
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2011
    Publication Name: Urology
    Research Interests:
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    Functional Maturation of the Executive System during Adolescencemore
    by Alex Smith
    Adolescence is characterized by rapid development of executive function. Working memory (WM) is a key element of executive function, but it is not known what brain changes during adolescence allow improved WM performance. Using a... more
    Adolescence is characterized by rapid development of executive function. Working memory (WM) is a key element of executive function, but it is not known what brain changes during adolescence allow improved WM performance. Using a fractaln-back fMRI paradigm, we investigated brain responses to WM load in 951 human youths aged 8–22 years. Compared with more limited associations with age, WM performance was robustly associated with both executive network activation and deactivation of the default mode network. Multivariate patterns of brain activation predicted task performance with a high degree of accuracy, and also mediated the observed age-related improvements in WM performance. These results delineate a process of functional maturation of the executive system, and suggest that this process allows for the improvement of cognitive capability seen during adolescence.
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2013
    Publication Name: The Journal of Neuroscience
    Research Interests:
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    Methods for categorizing a prognostic variable in a multivariable settingmore
    by Alex Smith
    The literature is filled with examples of categorization of a continuous prognostic variable in a univariable setting followed by the addition of this categorical variable to an existing multivariable model. Typically, an ‘optimal’... more
    The literature is filled with examples of categorization of a continuous prognostic variable in a univariable setting followed by the addition of this categorical variable to an existing multivariable model. Typically, an ‘optimal’ cutpoint for a new prognostic variable is obtained through a systematic search relating the variable to the outcome in an univariable manner. The corresponding categorical variable is then fitted in a multivariable model along with other already established prognostic covariates to assess the additional value of the new variable. This prompts the question whether the cutpoint search should have been performed in the same multivariable setting where it will ultimately be used. In this paper, we extend the univariable cutpoint search methods (split‐sample approach and two‐fold cross‐validation approach) to the multivariable setting using ‐2×log‐likelihood statistic as the correlative measure. A Monte Carlo simulation study demonstrates that both methods are...
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2003
    Publication Name: Statistics in Medicine
    Research Interests:
    Κ-Opioid Receptors Are Implicated in the Increased Potency of Intra-Accumbens Nalmefene in Ethanol-Dependent Ratsmore
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2011
    Publication Name: Neuropharmacology
    Research Interests:
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    PUNCH: Population Characterization of Heterogeneitymore
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2014
    Publication Name: NeuroImage
    Research Interests:
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    Residential radon exposure and adult acute leukaemiamore
    by Alex Smith
    Exposure to radioactive radon gas in homes, from natural sources, is an important public-health issue for many countries. We found no association between household exposure to radon and leukaemia in adults in the UK.
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2000
    Publication Name: The Lancet
    Research Interests:
    318 Changes in Initial Expenditures for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Evaluation in the Medicare Populationmore
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2011
    Publication Name: The Journal of Urology
    Research Interests:
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    Executive Impairment Determines ADHD Medication Response: Implications for Academic Achievementmore
    by Alex Smith
    Methylphenidate (MPH) often ameliorates attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behavioral dysfunction according to indirect informant reports and rating scales. The standard of care behavioral MPH titration approach seldom... more
    Methylphenidate (MPH) often ameliorates attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behavioral dysfunction according to indirect informant reports and rating scales. The standard of care behavioral MPH titration approach seldom includes direct neuropsychological or academic assessment data to determine treatment efficacy. Documenting “cool” executive-working memory (EWM) and “hot” self-regulation (SR) neuropsychological impairments could aid in differential diagnosis of ADHD subtypes and determining cognitive and academic MPH response. In this study, children aged 6 to 16 with ADHD inattentive type (IT; n = 19) and combined type ( n = 33)/hyperactive-impulsive type ( n = 4) (CT) participated in double-blind placebo-controlled MPH trials with baseline and randomized placebo, low MPH dose, and high MPH dose conditions. EWM/ SR measures and behavior ratings/classroom observations were rank ordered separately across conditions, with nonparametric randomization tests conducted to det...
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    Publication Name: Journal of Learning Disabilities
    Research Interests:
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    Structural factors controlling the coseismic rupture zone of the 1973 Nemuro‐Oki earthquake, the southern Kuril Trench seismogenic zonemore
    by Alex Smith
    The Kuril Trench is an active seismogenic zone where historic great earthquakes have occurred repeatedly with temporal and spatial regularities. This paper presents the results of a wide‐angle ocean bottom seismographic (OBS) survey... more
    The Kuril Trench is an active seismogenic zone where historic great earthquakes have occurred repeatedly with temporal and spatial regularities. This paper presents the results of a wide‐angle ocean bottom seismographic (OBS) survey across the coseismic rupture zone of the 1973 Nemuro‐Oki earthquake (Mw = 7.8), together with thermal modeling. The main purpose of this study is to understand the crustal and thermal controls on the Kuril seismogenic zone. Revealing structures that can be controlling factors of a megathrust earthquake helps in estimating earthquake hazards. We focus specifically on the precise structure of the seismogenic interface. Our imaged subduction structure clearly indicates that the coseismic rupture of the 1973 event occurred between the subducting oceanic crust and the Kuril island arc crust at 15–30 km depth. A thermally determined updip limit of the seismic rupture (100°C) corresponds to the seismically determined updip limit (15 km depth). An analysis of am...
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Publication Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
    Research Interests:
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    A statistical simulation study finds discordance between WHO criteria and RECIST guidelinemore
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2004
    Publication Name: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
    Research Interests:
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    A theoretical approach to choosing the minimum number of multiple tumors required for assessing treatment responsemore
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2005
    Publication Name: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
    Research Interests:
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    Arthropod trackways from the Early Devonian of South Wales: a functional analysis of producers and their behaviourmore
    by Alex Smith
    Abundant arthropod trackways, assigned to Diplichnites gouldi, are described from the Lower Old Red Sandstone (Early Devonian; Lochkovian) of Pant-y-Maes quarry, Brecon Beacons, South Wales. The trackways are preserved on bedding planes... more
    Abundant arthropod trackways, assigned to Diplichnites gouldi, are described from the Lower Old Red Sandstone (Early Devonian; Lochkovian) of Pant-y-Maes quarry, Brecon Beacons, South Wales. The trackways are preserved on bedding planes of finely laminated planar and rippled siltstones. The sedimentology of the succession indicates that these units represent bar top and marginal deposits in a braided fluvial setting. Two trackway types are recognized (Type A and B); comparisons with contemporaneous myriapodous producers favour kampecarid and eoarthropleurid myriapods, respectively. Functional analysis of the trackways indicates that the producers were not using the most efficient, stable, walking techniques, but instead utilized in-phase ‘swimming stroke’-like gaits. Together with their occurrence on rippled surfaces, and lateral displacement of some trackways (attributed to currents), this indicates that they were produced sub-aqueously.
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Publication Name: Geological Magazine
    Research Interests:
    Childhood leukaemia and infectious exposure: A report from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS)more
    by Alex Smith
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2007
    Publication Name: European Journal of Cancer
    Research Interests:
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