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Burial practices in Viking Age Scandinavia were very complex. Women, men and children were buried in different types of graves and were equipped with numerous objects (e. g. jewellery, pots, textiles, tools and weapons). Moreover, the... more
Burial practices in Viking Age Scandinavia were very complex. Women, men and children were buried in different types of graves and were equipped with numerous objects (e. g. jewellery, pots, textiles, tools and weapons). Moreover, the graves could also contain animals such as dogs, deer, fish, horses and different birds.

Bones of these ‘winged’ animals were and are discovered in different graves in Denmark and in the Schleswig region. Such remains have been found in both cremation graves and in inhumation graves with various internal and external constructions. In the Schleswig region on the North Frisian Islands (Amrum, Föhr, Sylt), these bones are known only from several cremation graves placed under mounds whereas in Denmark, bird remains were found in cremation and inhumation graves.

This article will discuss graves from Denmark and the Schleswig region in which bird bones were discovered. It will also present an overview of problems related to the determination and description of bird bones from funerary contexts. In addition, it will compare the graves from these areas with those from Norway and Sweden. This article describes the meaning of birds in funerary ‘dramas’ depicted in the medieval written sources (e. g. Ibn Fadlān Risāla, legendary sagas) and compares them with archaeological evidence.
Human-avian relationships developed in many ways throughout the Iron Age, particularly in the 1st millennium AD in Central and Northern Europe. These airborne animals foraged and scavenged close to settlements, inviting interactions –... more
Human-avian relationships developed in many ways throughout the Iron Age, particularly in the 1st millennium AD in Central and Northern Europe. These airborne animals foraged and scavenged close to settlements, inviting interactions – wild birds were hunted, and domesticated poultry were bred for meat, feathers and eggs; other birds were kept for entertainment or sport, with raptors trained for falconry. Aves also played significant roles in pre-Christian beliefs and rituals of Iron Age societies: they were sacrificed as votive offerings, included in funerary rites, used for divination, and feature as symbols in both pre-Christian and early Christian iconographies.
Bird remains are frequently recovered from a range of everyday and ritual contexts (e.g. settlements, pits, wells, graves). Avian iconography features on many objects (e.g. jewellery, weaponry, carved stones) in different manners (e.g. Germanic animal styles). Written sources – such as Roman (e.g. Pliny the Elder’s The Natural History) and Medieval accounts (e.g. Old Norse literature) – tell of the roles birds played in these cultures.
The main aim of the session is to discuss interdisciplinary research on human-bird relations in the 1st millennium AD in Northern and Central Europe. During the session, we will examine the roles of birds in daily life and their symbolic meanings in pre-Christian and early Christian belief systems of Iron Age cultures, including Roman influences. Papers regarding Eastern and Mediterranean parallels are also welcome. We would like to invite researchers who study such themes not only in the scope of archaeology, anthropology, and zooarchaeology, but also history, art history, history of religions, and philology.
Research Interests:
The proposed session is intended to provide an overview of the recent studies dealing with diverse research questions regarding pre-Christian religions and beliefs of the Central and Northern Europe from the 6th to the 13th centuries.... more
The proposed session is intended to provide an overview of the recent studies dealing with diverse research questions regarding pre-Christian religions and beliefs of the Central and Northern Europe from the 6th to the 13th centuries. Matters of the conversion, transition from traditional beliefs to Christianity, human-animal relations, rituals practices and landscape studies could be some of the most interesting themes. During the session we hope to present innovative interdisciplinary methods used in the research concerning pre-Christian beliefs and how results of these analyses changed our understanding of the period. We also intend to demonstrate how in these investigations we can, and rather must, use theories and methods gathered from other disciplines. In archaeological study of religion, we draw upon a wide range of sources and methods, but the fundamental question is: how to use them successfully in archaeological research of pagan beliefs? Through presentations and discussions, we´ll attempt to offer some answers to this question. Moreover, we would also like to present multiple innovative methods which combine different branches of humanities (e.g. cultural anthropology, history, religion studies) with various fields of natural sciences (e.g. zoology, osteology, landscape studies). We would like to encourage not only humanist scholars to take part in this session but also specialists in different branches of archaeology (e.g. zooarchaeology, osteology, paleoethnobotany) who are interested in pre-Christian religions and beliefs. Contributions from all these research fields are highly welcome.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Zoology, Archaeology, Anthropology, Art History, Historical Archaeology, and 88 more
Research Interests:
The main aim of this paper is interpretation and discussion of the meaning of birds in Viking Age mortuary practices, beliefs, art as well as medieval written sources (e.g. Icelandic sagas, Poetic Edda). Special attention will be... more
The main aim of this paper is interpretation and  discussion of the meaning of birds in  Viking  Age  mortuary practices, beliefs, art as well as medieval written sources (e.g. Icelandic sagas, Poetic Edda). Special attention will be devoted to graves from Scandinavia and the British Isles in which the remains of various bird species were discovered
Der Poster unter dem Titel "Die Nordische Bronzezeit nach Oskar Montelius" enthält die wichtigsten Informationen über die Bronzezeit in Südskandinavien und Norddeutschland. Im Poster werden, nach Oskar Montelius, Alltagsleben, Religion... more
Der Poster unter dem Titel "Die Nordische Bronzezeit nach Oskar Montelius" enthält die wichtigsten Informationen über die Bronzezeit in Südskandinavien und Norddeutschland. Im Poster werden, nach Oskar Montelius, Alltagsleben, Religion und Bestattungsritus der damaligen Bevölkerung beschreiben. Die erwähnten Lebensbereiche werden hier mit zahlreichen Abbildungen veranschaulicht. Sie zeigen Bewaffnung, Schmuck, Trachtbestandteile, Bestattungen und Felsenzeichnungen der bronzezeitlichen Völker Südskandinaviens und Norddeutschlands.