Grazyna Stachyra

Artykuł podejmuje problem asystentów głosowych, których algorytmy syntezy
mowy imitują głos naturalny. Liczne badania dowodzą, że użytkownicy
tych urządzeń oraz aplikacji traktują je jako istoty społeczne. Takie zachowanie
jest efektem hybrydycznego charakteru rzeczywistości komunikacyjnej,
w której cechy głosu naturalnego wywołujące określone reakcje są transponowane
na głos przetworzony technologicznie. Diagnoza tej problematyki
obejmująca aspekty specyfiki mowy syntetycznej oraz modelowania walorów
emocjonalnych w głosie generowanym pozwala wnioskować, że człowiek
intuicyjnie nadaje głosowi asystenta te cechy, które naturalny głos sygnalizuje
w kontaktach międzyludzkich. Ponieważ ze społecznego punktu widzenia
głos jest nośnikiem tożsamości mówiącego (czyli cech fizycznych, psychicznych
i społecznych), artykuł wskazuje, dlaczego możliwość klonowania
głosu burzy kulturowy porządek postrzegania głosu jako elementu tożsamości
konkretnej osoby oraz dlaczego zakłóca świadomość odrębności własnego
i cudzego głosu.

The article provides insight into the historical phenomenon of performed "radio broadcasts" conducted by the female prisoners of the Nazi concentration camp at Majdanek, Poland. Every day over a period of a few months, women played the role of radio announcers and recreated from memory the communication formulas of Polish Radio broadcasts. The prisoners associated the prewar Polish Radio with a strong message of cultural heritage and humanist values. The re-enactment and listening of the broadcasts evoked positive emotions and stirred the imagination of the women. The "radio" united them and gave them the strength to survive the reality of the concentration camp, promoted adherence to cultural norms, brought back the works of poets and writers, and provided entertainment. The broadcasts became a ritual ordering the mental universe of PUBLICATION INFO

The converged radio reaches out for new areas of both transmission and communication. The article mentions three different fields where radio programs, so far transitory, now become constantly present in the way that can be described as ‘the rad io afterlife’. The situation results in new way of perception which paradoxically often resembles the traditional role of radio as centre that gathered community around. The first of the spheres is constituted by the radio stations’ web pages, internet portals, or podcasts where radio archives (or part of them) can be accessed. Second sphere is the radio fans’ internet activity. Third area is revealed by the migration of radio personalities from traditional to web-radio. The process can be enhanced by the fact that internet is a space free from pressure determined by political or commercial factors. The paper is based on examples from Polish radio, as well as from different types of web-sites. They indicate how radio messages are still alive...

The paper presents some remarks upon the nature of contemporary radio communications in the context of the terms “aesthetics” and “aesthetisation”. The latter, denoting a process of turning aesthetic phenomena into unaesthetic ones, becomes the dominant strategy of formatted radio. The “surface aesthetisation,” which provides mainly pleasure and entertainment, transcends the simple styling of objects or environment and appears to be a more significant strand of contemporary culture. The article shows several examples of “surface” modelling of radio programming and explains their purpose in radio communication.

The article elaborates Hannah Arendt’s thought on the public realm to analyse the performed ‘radio’ that women prisoners ‘produced’ with their voice at the Majdanek concentration camp, Poland, in Spring 1943. The authors reconstruct the rationale that clarifies why an image of a radio was meaningful at a death camp. The documented memories reveal that the ‘radio’ created a resistant, harm-preventing and despair-relieving space. Mobilizing the meanings Arendt gives to the public realm as the shared reference and shared belonging, the authors show that the memories point towards the prisoners’ efforts to break their exclusion by decisively continuing their belonging to the public world through their own performance. In Arendt’s concepts, ‘broadcasting’ and listening to ‘programmes’ actualized prisoners’ being and subjectivity, both of which were under constant assaults. Conceptualized through Arendt’s thought, the performed ‘radio’ reveals amid the extreme exclusion, isolation and cru...

This article focuses on the problematic consequences of shifting boundaries of converged radio practices for individual privacies. Holding that privacy is constructed through the interrelated information practices of both individuals and their mediated surroundings, it addresses radio as a previously intimate and privacy friendly medium. The case of the Royal Prank call by the Australian 2DayFM radio station demonstrates how contemporary converged radio practices affect the privacies of unintended participants in their shows. In December 2012, Jacintha Saldanha, nurse of London’s Royal King Edward VII Hospital committed suicide after two Australian radio presenters had made a prank phone call pretending to be Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles concerned about the state of Duchess Kate’s health, who was expecting her first child. The case identifies three conditions, each with implications on privacy. First, digitization renders radio content archivable and repeatable. There is a sec...

This article analyses the play-element of radio communication, based on examples taken from Poland’s commercial radio stations. The theoretical framework is provided by Roger Caillois’s distinction of four types of games ( agôn, alea, mimicry, ilinx) that stretch between two poles: spontaneity ( paidia) and rules ( ludus). The article illustrates how different kinds of radio games exist on the air and the type of communicational function they have in modern society.

The article provides insight into the historical phenomenon of performed "radio broadcasts" conducted by the female prisoners of the Nazi concentration camp at Majdanek, Poland. Every day over a period of a few months, women played the role of radio announcers and recreated from memory the communication formulas of Polish Radio broadcasts. The prisoners associated the prewar Polish Radio with a strong message of cultural heritage and humanist values. The re-enactment and listening of the broadcasts evoked positive emotions and stirred the imagination of the women. The "radio" united them and gave them the strength to survive the reality of the concentration camp, promoted adherence to cultural norms, brought back the works of poets and writers, and provided entertainment. The broadcasts became a ritual ordering the mental universe of PUBLICATION INFO

Poland is an ageing society, a fact that has social repercussions. Government programmes point to the necessity of improving the quality of life of senior citizens in various domains. An important objective in gerontology is to increase the activity of senior citizens, which renders ageing a less arduous process. This objective has been postulated to involve the media. Given its public service remit and the specificity of audial communication, which enables a non-stereotypical treatment of old age, Polish Radio is tasked with including in its programming issues concerning the social inclusion of senior citizens. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that presenters of public radio, broadly accessible and popular among senior citizens as it is, address their well-being in its regular programmes.

Radio is a resilient medium. It has evolved considerably over its hundred-year history and we have every reason to believe that evolution will continue. This book is a peer- reviewed collection of papers from the third conference of the Radio Research Section of the European Research and Education Association (ECREA), held at the London Campus of the University of Sunderland in September 2013. It represents some of the best research presented at the conference, but every chapter has been revised and edited prior to publication. The book, like the conference, is an initiative of the Centre for Research in Media and Cultural Studies (CRMCS), which is based in Sunderland. Published by the Centre for Research in Media and Cultural Studies, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom SR1 3SD.

The converged radio reaches out for new areas of both transmission and communication. The article mentions three different fields where radio programs, so far transitory, now become constantly present in the way that can be described as ‘the radio afterlife’. The situation results in new way of perception which paradoxically often resembles the traditional role of radio as centre that gathered community around. The first of the spheres is constituted by the radio stations’ webpages, internet portals, or podcasts where radio archives (or part of them) can be accessed. Second sphere is the radio fans’ internet activity. Third area is revealed by the migration of radio personalities from traditional to web-radio. The process can be enhanced by the fact that internet is a space free from pressure determined by political or commercial factors. The paper is based on examples from Polish radio, as well as from different types of web-sites. They indicate how radio messages are still alive (...

The paper presents some remarks upon the nature of contemporary radio communications in the context of the terms "aesthetics" and "aesthetisation". The latter, denoting a process of turning aesthetic phenomena into unaesthetic ones, becomes the dominant strategy of formatted radio. The "surface aesthetisation," which provides mainly pleasure and entertainment, transcends the simple styling of objects or environment and appears to be a more significant strand of contemporary culture. The article shows several examples of "surface" modelling of radio programming and explains their purpose in radio communication.

The converged radio reaches out for new areas of both transmission and communication. The article mentions three different fields where radio programs, so far transitory, now become constantly present in the way that can be described as 'the radio afterlife'. The situation results in new way of perception which paradoxically often resembles the traditional role of radio as centre that gathered community around. The first of the spheres is constituted by the radio stations' web-pages, internet portals, or podcasts where radio archives (or part of them) can be accessed. Second sphere is the radio fans' internet activity. Third area is revealed by the migration of radio personalities from traditional to web-radio. The process can be enhanced by the fact that internet is a space free from pressure determined by political or commercial factors. The paper is based on examples from Polish radio, as well as from different types of web-sites. They indicate how radio messages are still alive (despite the fact that certain programs are not broadcasted anymore or legendary DJ's are dead), and how modern technology facilitates it. The important field of interest in this context is the presence of community circles that arise around some radio shows, stations or DJ's.

This article focuses on the problematic consequences of shifting boundaries of converged radio practices for individual privacies. Holding that privacy is constructed through the interrelated information practices of both individuals and their mediated surroundings, it addresses radio as a previously intimate and privacy friendly medium. The case of the Royal Prank call by the Australian 2DayFM radio station demonstrates how contemporary converged radio practices affect the privacies of unintended participants in their shows. In December 2012, Jacintha Saldanha, nurse of London's Royal King Edward VII Hospital committed suicide after two Australian radio presenters had made a prank phone call pretending to be Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles concerned about the state of Duchess Kate's health, who was expecting her first child. The case identifies three conditions, each with implications on privacy. First, digitization renders radio content archivable and repeatable. There is a second life of radio programs keeping available information about any people involved. Secondly, the division of radio related labour leads to a lack of journalistic responsibility for respecting privacy standards. Broadcasters feel no need to be sensitive regarding the consequences of disseminated material, as commercial and legal staff decide on that. Finally, legal frameworks continue to apply legacy radio privacy measures and do not correspond to these new working conditions, as the reactions of the Australian supervisory authority show. In consequence, the case of the Royal Prank call demonstrates the impossibility to fight individual privacy when one is unintentionally involved in radio shows.

Poland is an ageing society, a fact that has social repercussions. Government programmes point to the necessity of improving the quality of life of senior citizens in various domains. An important objective in gerontology is to increase the activity of senior citizens, which renders ageing a less arduous process. Th is objective has been postulated to involve the media. Given its public service remit and the specifi city of audial communication, which enables a non-stereotypical treatment of old age, Polish Radio is tasked with including in its programming issues concerning the social inclusion of senior citizens. Th e aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that presenters of public radio, broadly accessible and popular among senior citizens as it is, address their well-being in its regular programmes.

The article elaborates Hannah Arendt's thought on the public realm to analyse the performed 'radio' that women prisoners 'produced' with their voice at the Majdanek concentration camp, Poland, in Spring 1943. The authors reconstruct the rationale that clarifies why an image of a radio was meaningful at a death camp. The documented memories reveal that the 'radio' created a resistant, harm-preventing and despair-relieving space. Mobilizing the meanings Arendt gives to the public realm as the shared reference and shared belonging, the authors show that the memories point towards the prisoners' efforts to break their exclusion by decisively continuing their belonging to the public world through their own performance. In Arendt's concepts, 'broadcasting' and listening to 'programmes' actualized prisoners' being and subjectivity, both of which were under constant assaults. Conceptualized through Arendt's thought, the performed 'radio' reveals amid the extreme exclusion, isolation and cruelty of the death camp how profoundly meaningful the public realm is to humans.

This article analyses the play-element of radio communication, based on examples taken from Poland's commercial radio stations. The theoretical framework is provided by Roger Caillois's distinction of four types of games (agôn, alea, mimicry, ilinx) that stretch between two poles: spontaneity (paidia) and rules (ludus). The article illustrates how different kinds of radio games exist on the air and the type of communicational function they have in modern society.

Radio Relations is collection of post-conferences papers of ECREA Radio Research Section Conference held in Lublin in September 2017. The book highlights what radio actually is: a medium created to connect different places at a distance. Subtle but pervasive, simple but graceful, radio build affective relations – either between listeners and the world or between listeners themselves. The word relations is plural. It suggests the idea that radio is both an economic activity – related to technology, production, working routines and business – and a cultural industry – related to aesthetics, art, social interaction, education and politics. Since relations are relevantly human, we can read about how radio appeals to personal commitment and can reinforce a sense of community too. The unique value of this book lies both in erudite essays of Seán Street and Enrico Menduni, world-famous figures of radio research, and in perspectives sketched by young brilliant radio practitioners and researchers. Diverse views on the radio communications from authors across the different regions of the world, eg. Brazil, Canada, Italy, Poland, France, Spain or United Kingdom will certainly inspire radio researchers, media historians, sociologists and journalism students.