Digitalization

Risk is outside everywhere, and it may impact us more or less. The evolution of technology improves our social and economic life, and also most of the same time, it is the technology that exposes us to the risk of disaster. Disaster may have many faces and even we are aware and think that we are prepared to deal with it, somehow, we find ourselves not ready. The present paper aims to present possible solutions for managing the risk of disaster by amending the organizational structure and culture. The study was conducted on two different types of institutions: banks and universities, using the author's experience as a banking expert and university professor, in a multicultural environment. The article started with the current situation and give pertinent solutions for to manage the risk of disaster and keep the business ongoing in the most effective way possible

The German automotive sector’s strong global position is one of the country’s greatest economic success stories. In 2018, two out of the three top global automakers achieving the highest sales volumes originated from Germany, and 80% of all premium class cars produced were German brands. Therefore, it is not surprising that the automotive sector was the key driving force of the economy that helped the country recover so quickly from the global financial crisis and achieve the position of the EU’s unquestioned leader.

However, dark clouds are gathering over the automotive sector today. The new era in international relations, where politics and trade are filled with tension, is having an especially strongly impact on the system based on global supply chains built by the German automotive industry. German carmakers’ managers are also concerned about the vision of autonomous electric cars that may lead to the ruin of the traditional model of automobile industry based on the combustion engine.

This paper analyses the causes of the crisis in the German automotive industry and lists its potential consequences for Central Europe.

In Italia, vasti fenomeni di riforma hanno interessato, in anni recenti, l’organizzazione e la gestione delle pubbliche amministrazioni, introducendo strategici modelli organizzativi di riferimento, idonei meccanismi in grado di operare accurate valutazioni, nonché automatismi previsti per intervenire mediante specifici correttivi, tutti funzionali ad assicurare che la risposta della Pubblica Amministrazione ai bisogni della collettività sociale potesse risultare sempre più improntata a criteri di efficienza. I processi di riforma cui ci si riferisce sono da doversi inserire in quella più ampia fase di sviluppo e di cambiamento che ha rappresentato ragione sostanziale d’avvio a radicali modifiche degli organismi istituzionali, nell’ambito dello Stato, delle Regioni e degli altri enti locali, oltre che nel quadro complessivo
in cui si muove l’Unione Europea.Questo percorso evolutivo assume un ruolo primario nella crescita della competitività e della capacità potenziale dell’economia italiana; trattasi di una riforma ormai necessitata alla luce della attuale situazione di congiuntura economica
al fine di uscirne cogliendo le opportunità di ripresa che attenti economisti hanno individuato. Il saggio ricostruisce il percorso evolutivo della digitalizzazione della Pubblica Amministrazione in Italia, delineando i principali interventi pubblici nel settore dell'innovazione tecnologica e mettendo in rilievo la  necessità di nuove logiche produttive e nuovi modelli comportamentali per realizzare una amministrazione efficiente e flessibile. In tale prospettiva viene messo in rilievo l'ambito (e, soprattutto, le peculiarità) del concetto di managerialità tra pubblico e privato e la  trasformazione degli enti locali e delle Regioni in luoghi di programmazione controllata.

La tesi nasce da alcune domande che mi sono posta osservando alcune dinamiche e problematiche di comunicazione che mi sono trovata ad affrontare all’interno di una realtà associativa di cui faccio parte: nonostante il momento storico in cui viviamo, dove cresce in modo esponenziale il numero di mezzi che permettono alle persone di comunicare in modo sempre più rapido e veloce, slegato da tempistiche spazio-tempo, sta al contrario diminuendo la nostra capacità e il nostro desiderio di comunicare, inteso nella sua azione di condivisione? Possono gli strumenti digitali, orientati ad una comunicazione orizzontale e “democratica”, influire sulla riorganizzazione di una realtà strutturata e soppiantare l’uso di mezzi più tradizionali? Oppure essi possono essere integrati come supporto di mezzi più adatti ad una comunicazione “istituzionale” come quelli utilizzati fino ad oggi? Queste domande sono condivise dall’organizzazione oggetto di studio in un percorso di riflessione in atto attualmente attraverso cui essa si sta interrogando su quale processo comunicativo adottare per rendere più efficaci i propri flussi di comunicazione, e come integrare eventualmente in esso i nuovi media digitali.

This paper provides an overview of the Master Thesis Project entitled "Instruments and Methods for Cultural Heritage Conservation and Valorization" conducted at the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Italy. The subject of our research was the medieval fortress of the Počitelj historic site in Bosnia and Herzegovina, built in a Mediterranean and oriental style over the period from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Different methodologies for survey and management using the modern IT techniques of architectural survey methodologies, with particular focus on survey using 3D data, will be presented. We will consider the questions of the analytical and theoretical set up of the modern instruments and techniques necessary for constructing the 3D metric model of the surveyed ruins of the medieval part of fortress.

С развитием технологий меняется, в том числе, и сфера искусства: появляются театры роботов, искусственный интеллект (ИИ) сам создает мультипликацию и пишет сценарии, 3D-принтеры сменяют ручную работу скульпторов и т.д., по сути, количество участников творческого процесса может быть сокращено в рамках создания одного произведения. В то же время, любой может стать творцом, овладев необходимыми цифровыми навыками.

In this introductory essay, we build on the articles in this special issue to provide a novel theoretical framework for the understanding of current and future trends in the digitalisation of teaching and learning in Nordic higher education (HE). We highlight three key elements. Context is critical and should be systematically expanded to include not only the immediate context of the virtual and blended classroom, but also the broader organisational and national contexts within which digital learning takes place. The involvement of individual actors, higher education institutions and national policy-making agencies in the development and implementation of digitalisation policy ideas and practices is also shaped by multiple mediations, which include the mediating role of technology itself, but also of other human, organisational and policy actors, ideas and practices. Finally, digitalisation of HE teaching and learning can lead to a variety of gradual or more radical digital transformations, operating at multiple scales and with multiple potential positive or negative effects. This framework helps put into focus the key question of how to go about searching for a flexible set of "Nordic characteristics" that might affect digitalisation of teaching and learning in the Nordic region, albeit in uneven and diverse ways. While it is too early to provide a systematic analysis of the impact of the rapid digitalisation of Nordic HE teaching and learning spurred by the Covid-19 pandemic, we make some preliminary observations that offer this emerging theoretical framework as a way to assess these trends both before and after the pandemic.

SOMMARIO: 1. Lavoro autonomo e rivoluzione digitale: due iniziative governative. – 1.1. I ritardi del Welfare italiano: dalla Commissione D’Aragona (1947) al precariato e al lavoro autonomo di seconda e terza generazione. – 1.2. Rivoluzione digitale nella on-demand economy. – 1.3. Cenni su un dibattito giuslavoristico intorno a reddito e nuovo Welfare. – 2. Garanzie sociali universalistiche, a partire dalla lotta alla povertà: la questione sociale è costituente. – 2.1. La permanente assenza di un reddito minimo garantito: dagli anniversari della "Commissione Onofri” (1997) e “Commissione Carniti” (2007)... – 2.2. ...al ddl di contrasto della povertà assoluta (2016). – 2.3. La Repubblica dei diritti e della solidarietà: il reddito per un’esistenza libera e dignitosa. – 3. Reddito di base per tenere insieme innovazione tecnologica e inclusione sociale: un’utopia concreta per realisti.

Digitalization is exposing developing countries to a growing number of risks as well as opportunities associated with connecting to the Internet. Myanmar stands out as a critical case of both the pitfalls and the benefits Internet connection can bring. Amidst a political transition from military rule to a functioning democracy Myanmar is adding ICT to key areas like banking and e-government. Having been one of the least connected countries in the world only a few years ago the country is now connecting to the Internet at an unprecedented pace, with few institutions in place to ensure the transition goes smoothly. The rapid expansion of Internet connectivity is connecting ever more people to an international world of business, discourse, and entertainment, but also crime, subterfuge, and discord. A crucial aspect for development in the years to come will be the harnessing of the benefits, as well as mitigating the downsides that inherently follow in the wake of Internet access (Schia, 2018). In this chapter, we examine the risks and potential benefits of Myanmar’s embracement of digital technologies.

In the last few years, the management literature has become noisy with Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Although several concepts and typologies intend to make the phenomenon more understandable, these endeavours generally focus on technological aspects or specific issues. Therefore, integrated approaches of the I4.0 transformation on the business side and a comprehensive investigation of this phenomenon on the academic side are still needed. This paper synthetizes the lessons of 15 case studies from five sectors (automotive, FMCG, logistics services, retail, and business services) and places them in a triadic framework of technology, strategy, and organization. The case studies are based on interviews, internal documents and public information. This paper reveals that the analysed companies focus on I4.0 technologies that are substantially related to the development of core activities. Companies in a highly competitive global environment (e.g., automotive industry and business services) are mo...

This article provides a different angle to understand the Cambridge Analytica (CA) data scandal. It focuses on the role of models and simulations in the big data campaigning tools CA allegedly used, and their epistemological and ontological potential to produce and reproduce voters' digital doubles that would first colonise and eventually replace the analogue selves they were related to. By integrating and revising Zuboff's surveillance capitalism framework with Debord's classic theory of the Spectacle, the article argues that the dystopian simulations played as real life experiments by surveillance capitalist firms such as CA have the ultimate goal of replacing analogue humanity with digital humanity – the two kinds are ontologically different albeit dialectically related. The predictive models that these simulations produce are only as good as the capacity of the digital doubles in the simulations to shape the behaviour of analogue selves in line with the simulations' parameters and goals.

In the world, there is a constant change and development in the economy, industry and politics. The fact that this change and
development, especially in the industrial field, has an impact on other areas, is an important factor in shaping the future of the world.
In the industrial context, the term Industry 4.0 emerged with the innovations that first took place in line with the Industrial
Revolution, reaching the fourth stage. Industry 4.0 can be explained not only by advances in technology or industrial production, but
also by the bond created in social areas. Industry 4.0 can be explained not only by advances in technology or industrial production,
but also by the bond created in social areas. Digitalization, which has increased its effect in all areas of life with the effect of Industry
4.0, has shown its effect on businesses. While defining the entrepreneur, Schumpeter emphasized that it is an important power in
ensuring economic development, developing new techniques in production and expanding the product range (Bayar, M. & Varışlı,
N., 2021: 44). The most important aspect of the concept of entrepreneurship is to adopt an entrepreneurial perspective in order to
adapt to the changes in the environment. Leaders with an entrepreneurial structure who have innovative ideas and can bring them to
life have a great influence on the adaptation of businesses to all these changes. A process is emerging where the classical
management styles in today's business life are insufficient in digitalized businesses and where data, analysis and time management
are very important in achieving goals. For this reason, networking-oriented entrepreneur leaders who are competent in information
Technologies and can make quick decisions, will be effective in shaping the future and continuity of their businesses with a focus on
success. Therefore, leaders with an entrepreneurial spirit are increasingly important in businesses and play an important role in the
digitalization process. The aim of this study is to examine entrepreneurial leadership conceptually in the context of the rapidly
spreading digitalization process and changing leadership understanding with Industry 4.0, and the relationship between these
concepts and their results in the light of the relevant literature.
: Industry 4.0, Digitalization, Management, Leadership, Entrepreneurial Leadership

Purpose This paper aims to explore the current and future roles of augmented reality (AR) as an enabler of omnichannel experiences across the customer journey. To advance the conceptual understanding and managerial exploitation of AR, the paper aims to synthesise current research, illustrating how a variety of current applications merge online and offline experiences, and provides a future research agenda to help advance the state of the art in AR. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on situated cognition theorising as a guiding framework, the paper reviews previously published research and currently deployed applications to provide a roadmap for future research efforts on AR-enabled omnichannel experiences across the customer journey. Findings AR offers myriad opportunities to provide customers with a seamless omnichannel journey, smoothing current obstacles, through a unique combination of embedded, embodied and extended customer experiences. These three principles constitute the ...

This paper describes key aspects of the structural and functional transformation of the Russian state statistics system as a core element of the future National Data Management System. Issues such as establishing a dialogue between the statistics service and users, integrating data from various sources, and intelligent data processing in the context of the digitalization of the economy are considered. New approaches and mechanisms should integrate and advance all of the previously achieved best results in methodology, observation areas, metrics, and other domains. Improvement areas include providing higher-quality information for policy shaping, businesses, individuals, and external partners. National statistics is expected to present an interconnected, objectively measurable model of socioeconomic processes and phenomena based on relevant theoretical concepts. In addition to using various sources of data, a necessary feature of the new system will be its reliance on a consistent conceptual framework and approaches to interpreting data, which will make it possible to integrate various data sources in the first place.

Users of intelligent statistics are becoming not only active participants in primary data collection, accumulation and application processes, but are turning into “smart” consumers who develop statistical thinking and are able to derive the greatest possible benefits from the use of statistical data. Such skills should become an inherent (and possibly mandatory) component of any.

O Tango nasceu nos fins do século XIX derivado das misturas entre as formas musicais dos imigrantes italianos e espanhóis, dos crioulos descendentes dos conquistadores espanhóis que já habitavam os pampas e de um tipo de batuque dos negros chamado "Candombe". O Tango nasceu como expressão folclórica das populações pobres, oriundas de todas aquelas origens, que se misturavam nos subúrbios da crescente Buenos Aires. Numa fase inicial era puramente dançante. O povo se encarregava de improvisar letras picantes e bem humoradas para as musicas mais conhecidas, mas não eram, por assim dizer, letras oficiais, feitas especificamente para as músicas nem associadas definitivamente a elas. Em público, dançavam homens com homens. Naqueles tempos era considerada obscena a dança entre homens e mulheres abraçados, sendo este um dos aspectos do tango que o manteve circunscrito aos bordéis, onde os homens utilizavam os passos que praticavam e criavam entre si nas horas de lazer mais familiar. Mais tarde, o tango se tornou uma dança tipicamente praticada nos bordéis, principalmente depois que a industrialização transformou as áreas dos subúrbios em fábricas transferindo a miséria e os bordéis para o centro da cidade. Por volta de 1910 o Tango foi levado para Paris. A sociedade parisiense da época em que as artes viviam o modernismo ansiava por novidades e exotismos. O tango virou uma febre em Paris e, como Paris era o carro chefe cultural de todo o mundo civilizado, logo o tango se espalhou pelo resto do mundo. A parcelas moralistas da sociedade condenavam o tango, assim como já haviam se colocado contra a valsa antes, por o considerarem uma dança imoral. A própria alta sociedade Argentina desprezava o tango, que só passou a ser aceito nos salões de alta classe pela influência indireta de Paris.

ISBN 9783346357083 • Im Zuge der Human Digitalisation, lassen sich durch sogenannte People Analytics Anwendungen HR-Leistungsfähigkeiten digital analysieren und HR- Prozesse wie das Auswahlverfahren effizienter gestalten. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es festzustellen, ob die Nutzung einer People Analytics Software nicht nur zu einer effizienteren Abwicklung des Auswahlverfahrens führt, sondern auch, ob es durch die Anwendung zu einer verbesserten Auswahl potentieller Mitarbeitern kommt und welche etwaigen Problematiken dabei auftreten können.

The phenomenon of the digital divide is one of the main study objects in contemporary societies. This paper focuses on the intra-rural digital divide, presenting a typology based on empirical data retrieved from two Greek Regional Units in a sample of 339 farmers. A scale of 23 ICT skills performed to detect the cognitive and technical ICT skills of the farmers. The Exploratory Factor Analysis demonstrates a solution of 5 skill groups. Considering the factor scores and the farmers' socio-demographic characteristics, a Two-Step Cluster Analysis is carried out, releasing three types of digital maturity. Non- familiar with ICTs are the “Digitally Ignorant” farmers, who are low educated, relatively old in age and full-time farmers. Assuming that several innovations in the agricultural sector require increased ICT skills, “Digitally Matures” is potentially the most innovative; however, they are not primarily farmers, a fact that limits this possibility. We argue that human resource development policies in the agricultural sector should focus on “Digitally Teens” as their main occupation is being farmers and their ICT skills could be encouraged through training.

Governance of digitalization is top on the agenda for many corporate decision makers. The inherent high level of uncertainty and the dynamic nature of digitalization call for a comprehensive framework that will help both boards of directors and top management teams to navigate the fascinating space of digital opportunities and challenges. The GEAR framework introduced in this article offers such guidance by spelling out the key dimensions of digitalization, that is, governing, enabling, amplifying and realizing digital value creation, andproviding option spaces for corporate decision makers along each of these dimensions, allowing them to develop realistic expectations about the impact of
digitalization on existing or new businesses.

Circular Economy is a means to ensure sustainable production and consumption patterns. However, it is still at an embryonic stage of implementation in manufacturing companies. Given its potential, the household appliance industry is a promising arena for the adoption of Circular Economy. Thus, this study aims to investigate and systematize how Circular Economy has been adopted in the household appliance industry, through a multiple case study research. Twenty cases are analyzed following a Research Framework, to map: (i) the Circular Economy 4R strategies of reduce, reuse, remanufacture and recycle; (ii) the Circular Economy levers, i.e., whether circular product design practices, servitized business models or supply chain management actions are undertaken; (iii) the role of digital 4.0 technologies as enablers; (iv) the benefits achieved. The analysis showed that servitized business models and supply chain management actions are widely used levers, while little attention is devoted...

Over the last few years, e-commerce has become an indispensable part of our life. It is growing day by day. Most people now prefer online shopping rather than going into the market. As internet access increases rapidly worldwide, the number of online buyers will keep climbing. Digital shopping is much more convenient, as buyers don't have to leave the comfort of their homes. They can buy whatever they want. no matter what time of the day it is. In this time of digitalization, the need for digital shopping is going to climb. The trend shows that businesses will completely switch over to online stores in the next 20 years.

The last two decades are marked by business transforming technologies such as cloud computing and mobile digital business platforms based on smartphones, notebook computers, and social networks, which aid managers to achieve their business objectives (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Due to a continuous change in technology, management, and business processes, retailers are faced with a number of challenges such as creating and capturing value from digital technologies, keeping the
customer experience seamless with a combination of sales channels, i.e, physical store and a digital store, as well as compliance with the strengthening data privacy regulations, especially within the
European Union. We propose managerial steps to navigate into the challenges of digital transformation especially during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in business models and the roadmap of the digital transformation of business models are also discussed. This report is based on data from European retailers and excludes sales from gambling, fast food, vehicle sales and repair, casual dining, banks, and insurance.

Erfolge der Provenienzforschung bemessen sich nicht nur an der Zahl der Restitutionen, sondern auch an der Zahl der untersuchten Kulturgüter. Bundesdeutsche Museen stellen diese Zahlen aber nur selten zur Verfügung. Dabei könnte ein offensiver, transparenter Umgang mit den Forschungsergebnissen die öffentliche Kritik reduzieren. Die künftige Forschungsdatenbank des Deutschen Zentrums Kulturgutverluste, die in Teilen öffentlich zu konsultieren sein wird, soll diesem Mangel abhelfen. Daneben stellen zunehmend auch Museen, Archive und Bibliotheken ihre Ergebnisse online, zum Teil in Printform, zum Teil direkt in den Datensätzen ihrer Online-Collections. Der Beitrag stellt die o. g. Pläne wie auch exemplarisch bereits verfügbare Ressourcen und Ergebnisse vor, zeigt gelungene Beispiele und rät zu mehr Mut und Offenheit.

Internet jest często przedstawiany jako wirtualny byt, który sprawia, że ludzie nie odwiedzają instytucji kultury, nie korzystają z ich oferty. Badania uczestnictwa w kulturze, w tym to przeprowadzone w 2017 roku w Warszawie, pokazują jednak, że osoby uczestniczące online w kulturze niemal bez wyjątku korzystają z niej również offline. Odwiedzają instytucje kultury, chodzą na wystawy i koncerty.

Oznacza to, że instytucje kultury mogą szukać w internecie swojej pub-liczności. Wymaga to uznania, że uczestniczenie w kulturze jest możliwe zarówno offline, jak i online. Wykorzystanie takiego podejścia pozwoliłoby instytucjom kultury na rozszerzenie swojej oferty i rodzajów doświadczeń, które zapewniają swoim odbiorcom.

Wyniki omawianych przez nas badań wskazują również, że zdecydowana większość badanych ma wystarczające kompetencje cyfrowe, aby uczestniczyć online w kulturze. Zarazem oferta online mogłaby tworzyć ważne pole do integracji osób wykluczonych cyfrowo, o ile towarzyszyłyby jej działania służące wyposażaniu tej grupy w odpowiednie umiejętności. Oferta online może również przyczyniać się do niwelowania przez instytucje kultury innych czynników zwiększających ryzyko wykluczenia. Do takich czynników należą trudności z przemieszczaniem się i bariera finansowa. Rola instytucji kultury w niwelowaniu tego zjawiska z pewnością jest istotna.

Instytucje kultury nie pozostają w tych nowych dla siebie obszarach same. Wśród warszawskich, innych polskich oraz zagranicznych instytucji wiele rozpoczęło już transformację cyfrową. Dzielą się też informacjami o różno-rodnych korzyściach, które płyną dla nich z tej zmiany. Instytucje kultury funkcjonują w ekosystemie, który wspiera transformację cyfrową-zarówno ze strony odbiorców, którzy już są aktywni w internecie, w tym uczestniczą online w kulturze, jak i ze strony grantodawców, którzy wspierają tę zmianę finansowo.

Die weitreichenden Umbrüche, die mit der Digitalisierung einhergehen, zeichnen sich vielerorts gerade erst ab und rufen Hoffnungen, aber auch Ängste hervor. Dabei bietet die Digitalisierung gerade Entwicklungsländern vielfältige Chancen für einen nachhaltigen Fort-schritt. Im folgenden Beitrag soll am Beispiel der Mongolei analysiert werden, was die Digitalisierung für das Land bedeuten könnte: von den Möglichkeiten wirtschaftlicher Diversifizierung und Internationalisierung, der Stärkung partizipativer Demokratie bis hin zu einer Verbesserung der Grundversorgung. Doch wo genau liegen die Chancen der Digitalisierung für die Mongolei? Und was muss an politischen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen werden, um das Potential auszuschöpfen?

With the pace of digitalization and robotics, the way of doing work, the place of doing work and the time of doing work are changing. In all aspect, digitalization and roboticsare altering human ocumpations. To survive the huge number of population on the planet using the same resource, it badly requires smart work and fast work. Despite all the positive impact of digitalization and robotics, there has some vital impact which is not clearly estimated. Digitalization, machines, autmation and robotics are replacing human from their profession, especially from traditional repetitive work. On the other hand, digitalization and robotics introducing sort of new categories of profession. This review paper initially summuraized the potential threat on lower skilled and unskilled worker in highly populated country because of introduce the smart technology such as automation and robotics. Progress of technology, atomation and robotics trends are likely to inflience quantity and quality of existing jobs. An empirical analysis is highly required in the matter to mitigate people's skill with new requirements to keep themselves active in the emerging profession created by digitalization.

The Indian economy ecosystem is standing on the edge of digitalization, from a traditional system of brick and mortar to the system of clink and links the India government along with the Reserve Bank of India has secure their manifesto to advance their system of circulation electronically, a integration of a sophisticated system fabricated digitally to carry out the digital transaction of payment and receipt in no time, with the automatic clearance and settlement. This study discusses the structure of digitalization of Indian economic ecosystem and majorly studies the acceptance of the digitalization in the retail market or industry, the adoption level and the perceptions along with the factors effecting the adoption and influences the retailors in adopting digitalization. For this a study was conducted in the retail market of the phagwara Distt Kapurthala Punjab. Although the government has putted up major efforts by launching numerous schemes strengthening the structure of digitalization and converted its supply side to fully digitalized, but the drawback that has been faced is from the demand side of digitalization. With the demonetization people has surely move toward the digital transaction but as soon as the money flow in the economy people again shifted to their most preferred way to doing a transaction. Findings that although the retailors are adopting various means of doing digital and even hold digital account, but account on various factors which still drag them to cash as their preferred way of doing business.

In this article I will show that the problem of embodiment goes back to the question of the mind-body split, as this has been established and discussed by the philosophical tradition. With the digital turn and the advent of ubiquitous computing the problem of embodiment has taken new (and far more complicated) forms that have led scholars to introduce the notion of a “new digital Cartesianism.” Subjectivation processes within digital culture have mostly been explained by resorting to what I will call the “E-D-R scheme,” (embodiment-disembodiment-reembodiment scheme) which assumes that a real detachment between the body and the mind really occurs in digital processes. Since—as I will show—this is not actually the case, I will suggest replacing this epistemological scheme with a new one, which I will call the “double-embodiment scheme,” in order to acquire a more fitting epistemological account of the underlying digital ontology. Finally, I will discuss the distinction between bodily ...

Am Anfang steht der Verdacht. All die polarisierenden Schlagzeilen, all die datengeladenen Infografiken, all die wütenden Ästhetisierungen des Protestes, je mehr wir uns diesem bildgewaltigen Geschrei sozialer Medien zuwenden, es (berechtigter- und sinnvollerweise) analysieren und kritisieren, desto mehr laufen wir Gefahr, den vielleicht wesentlichen Aspekt der Digitalisierung zu übersehen: die stille Logik der Algorithmen, die unsere Bilderwelten auf den Displays zusammenhält oder, präziser gesagt, die diese Welten überhaupt erst zusammenrechnet. Dieser Text analysiert den Zusammenhang von Bildern und Algorithmen aus kulturanthropologischer Perspektive. Dieser Zusammenhang erscheint zentral für das wir wir heute "Öffentlichkeit" nennen. Welche Folgen haben die durch Algorithmen fragmentierten "Timelines", die wir auf unseren Interfaces sehen, auf unsere Demokratie, wenn die geteilten (visuellen) Inhalte auf einer zutiefst emotionalen Ebene wirken? Welche Auswirkungen haben die so entstehenden Mikro-Öffentlichkeiten auf den gesellschaftlichen Pluralismus und populistische Tendenzen?

The Future of Digital Data, Heritage and Curation critiques digital cultural heritage concepts and their application to data, developing new theories, curatorial practices and a more-than-human museology for a contemporary and future world. Presenting a diverse range of case examples from around the globe, Cameron offers a critical and philosophical reflection on the ways in which digital cultural heritage is currently framed as societal data worth passing on to future generations in two distinct forms: digitally born and digitizations. Demonstrating that most perceptions of digital cultural heritage are distinctly western in nature, the book also examines the complicity of such heritage in climate change, and environmental destruction and injustice. Going further still, the book theorizes the future of digital data, heritage, curation and the notion of the human in the context of the profusion of new types of societal data and production processes driven by the intensification of data economies and through the emergence of new technologies. In so doing, the book makes a case for the development of new types of heritage that comprise AI, automated systems, biological entities, infrastructures, minerals and chemicalsall of which have their own forms of agency, intelligence and cognition. The Future of Digital Data, Heritage and Curation is essential reading for academics and students engaged in the study of museums, archives, libraries, galleries, archaeology, cultural heritage management, information management, curatorial studies and digital humanities.

This paper examines the broad impact of digitalization on economic development. More specifically, it addresses the computer science-derived notion of "social machines", along with the invention of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) (or blockchain), as potential signposts on the pathway to "smart(er) digital economies". The paper investigates blockchain-based ecosystems as examples of social machines that assist in economic "smartification" and development. It looks at distributed ledger-based communities (DLCs) that provide examples of functioning social machines for a variety of business and personal network communications purposes. It then analyses the scaleup of DLT-based social machines by comparison with "extension services", largely in education and agriculture, which are currently undergoing processes of digitalization. Overall, this conceptual study examines the general horizons and potential impact of blockchain and social machines on the provision of online products and services, across a range of sectors and industries. The paper offers interpretative assistance to managers, entrepreneurs, technology experts, and academics with lingering questions about blockchain in and for business and economic development.

The notion of embeddedness, as it was first introduced into economics and economical sociology, refers to the degree to which economic activity is constrained by non-economic factors. In this paper, I argue that the process of digitalization is similarly embedded within non-technological contexts. Digitalization is further a historical process, whose outcome is also the result of actions, decisions and events in the past, as highlighted by terms such as path dependence and lock-in. The notion of embeddedness functions as a starting point for the analysis of digitalization processes, especially as they are played out in media industry contexts. Drawing on examples from my PhD project on digitalization in the Norwegian book industry (Colbjørnsen, 2014), I present a framework model of Embedded Digitalization (ED), which includes elements from the institutional context such as the structure and dynamics of industry and organizations, features of market and policy, as well as technological aspects. Besides arguing for the relevance of embeddedness as a useful concept in media studies, the paper also presents a discussion and definition of the concepts digitization and digitalization, often used interchangeably. The paper is mainly a theoretical contribution, but is grounded in real-life contexts from case studies in media and book industry innovation. After a short introduction to various theories of technological change, the paper presents different understandings of digitalization, before moving on to the concept of embeddedness and finally merging these in the framework dubbed embedded digitalization. By broadening the concept and placing digitalization within an institutional context, I hope to contribute to a more focused discourse on digital developments. In my thesis (Colbjørnsen, 2014), this takes the form of several analyses of actual digitalization processes in book publishing, where I argue that a purely technical outlook on digital publishing (conversion, sampling, quantization, compression etc.) fails to capture how digital publishing connects with, among other things, historical processes in the book industry, changes in the status of the book as an object, continuities of design, marketing and usage, political struggles over legitimacy and several other broader issues. Please note that the paper is based on a thesis under consideration by the doctoral committee and should not be cited from. As the concept has only been applied empirically to digitalization in the book industry, its wider applicability needs to be tested.

In the last couple of decades, digital processes have accelerated what we typically call globalization. In contemporary scholarly literature on translation, then, the understanding of translators as relational agents has continually evolved. Scholars have, indeed, considered the importance of translators for the field of literary studies, but an ecological approach unfortunately remains absent in current research, since academics have relied either on deconstructive or pragmatist accounts of translation. Rather than passive mediators, then, I contend that translators represent an essential aspect of world authorship, thus examining the role of translators as a defining element of contemporary global culture.

As the pace of change has accelerated rapidly in the agri-food sector, coupled with an ever- increasing level of competitiveness, firms are seeking processes which are likely to strengthen their capacity for innovation. In this context, this paper explores factors that foster the intra- organisational coordination between purchasing, marketing and, R&D/innovation. In addition, we shed light on the involvement of Purchasing early in the innovation process. Five in-depth case studies were selected based on significant innovations on the agri-food industry and the involvement of the purchasing department. The results suggest that intra-functional coordi- nation plays an important role in the innovation process and confirm the relevance of some known factors, such as Early Purchasing Involvement (EPI), the quality of intra-organisational relations and intra-organisational alignment. On the other side, intra-functional factors emerged from our case studies, such as ‘purchaser’s internal attractiveness,’ a willingness attitude and managing anticipation of demand. The results provide empirical evidence on intra-organisational drivers and underline the core role of EPI in agri-food firms, thus comple- ment earlier studies from other industries.

Traditional sport leagues must innovate and embrace emerging trends to grow. At the forefront of these trends are the inherently digital esports –competitive video game competitions. In particular, the NBA is a trailblazer in the esports industry by partnering with the video game publisher Take-Two Interactive, to create a virtual sport simulation league, the NBA 2K League. The NBA’s entrepreneurial activities create challenges regarding how to position the digital, boundary spanning product that incorporates elements from both traditional sports and esports. The current study utilized network analysis to examine three sponsorship portfolios: the NBA, the 2K League, and an existing esports league, the League of Legends Championship Series. Findings indicate that the NBA is using an innovative hybrid corporate growth strategy, with a diverse sponsorship portfolio for the 2K League. This strategy serves to mitigate the challenges of digitalization by legitimizing the 2K League across physical and virtual domains.

Hrvatska povijesna leksikografija nije nimalo zaostajala za kulturnom Europom (Boras 2008.), bila je uronjena u tadašnje europske leksikografske tokove (Tafra 2005.), te je imala svoj kontinuitet i bogatu praksu (Znika, 1992.). Jezik se nalazio u središtu društvene pozornosti i bio je motiv za osnivanje srednjovjekovnih akademija u 16. i 17. stoljeću. Talijanska Accademia della Crusca (1582.), francuska L'Académie française (1635.) i španjolska Real Academia Española (1713.) leksikografiju su smatrale svojim prioritetnim djelatnostima. Monumentalni povijesni rječnik JAZU/HAZU (1880. – 1976.) dodatno je potvrdio snažnu hrvatsku leksikografsku tradiciju.
Međutim, danas se hrvatska leksikografija suočava s brojnim izazovima. Ne računajući izvore kao što su mrežni servisi Google Books i Archive.org broj pretraživih leksikografsko‐digitalizacijskih projekata hrvatskoga jezika iznimno je mali i pokriva vrlo ograničeni dio starije hrvatske leksikografske građe. Za razliku od drugih jezika Akademijin hrvatski rječnik još nije mrežno pretraživ. Što se tiče suvremene leksikografije, hrvatski jezik ima mnoštvo rječnika standardnoga jezika, ali je samo jedan leksikografski izvor slobodno i besplatno pretraživ. Prema istraživanju Gerbrich de Jong (2014.) na temelju raščlanjenih 125 akademskih rječnika 83 europskih jezika, otvoreni mrežni pristup standard je europske leksikografije.
Digitalizaciju rječničke građe treba ostvariti kroz otvorenu, besplatnu i naprednu tražilicu jer je jedino tako moguće dugoročno poduprijeti znanstvena istraživanja. Pojedinačna institucionalna ili individualna nastojanja za uspostavom javno dostupnoga leksikografskoga sadržaja nisu dovoljna te je nužno surađivati na digitalizacijskim projektima. Nalik na Hrvatski arhiv weba koji okuplja mrežne tekstove, tako bi Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica mogla inicirati stvaranje kapitalnoga resursa za brojne znanstvenike u vidu tražilice i natkorpusa hrvatskoga jezika, sastavljenoga od svih tiskanih publikacija do čijeg bi digitalnoga sadržaja mogla doći.
Sredinom 2016. sudionici COST akcije IS1305 još uvijek izgrađuju Europski rječnički portal za koji se pretpostavlja da će u dogledno vrijeme postati središnja europska leksikografska metatražilica. U skladu sa svojom bogatom rječničkom tradicijom, (izraženija) prisutnost hrvatskoga jezika na portalu trebala bi biti važan cilj domaće leksikografije, bez obzira je li riječ o digitaliziranoj građi ili rječnicima standardnoga jezika.