Modern Languages and Translation Studies

L’époque post-indépendante était, en Afrique, caractérisée par l’injustice politique; la corruption, l’inégalité, le mensonge, la pauvreté, l’égoïsme, l’analphabétisme s’y faisaient voir. Nous constatons aussi que c’était une situation où la masse était opprimée par la classe des dirigeants.  Alors, notre présentation vise à jeter la lumière sur les maux des leaders africains de l’époque. Cette étude aboutira aussi à dénoncer ce système administratif qui ne tient pas compte de la dignité humaine comme présentée par Ahmadou Kourouma dans En
Attendant le Vote des Bêtes Sauvages.

Dans cette communication, nous avons d'abord comme but de discuter la relation entre la langue et la culture. Etudiant alors le peuple Garifuna, une communauté antilles diasporique dans l'Amerique centrale, nous allons se servir de la methode ethnographique qui va nous aider à etudier l'aspect socio – culturelle du peuple et determiner la relation entre son dialecte, le Garifuna et son origin l'Afrique de l'ouest.

We would like to in this presentation begin by asking a simple question. Which of the sexes has the responsibility to govern? At this time, we believe our readers are divided into factions. While many people opine that the males are more responsible because they alone have the natural propensity to govern, there are those who believe that females can as well be given the responsibility to govern, except that they do not have such qualities as the males. Yet again there are those who will belong to the group that says that females should be made to handle less tasking political positions because they are by nature " weaker " than the males. Which school of thought do you belong? While we allow you to ponder on the above, however, this presentation seeks to analyze more comprehensively the need for gender mainstreaming in good governance and seeks to answer the following questions; Is being the President of a country or the Governor of a state, or the Chairman of a local government area a 'Sex role' or a 'Gender role'? Thus, while we disabuse your mind, this communication forms part of the ongoing movements on the need to encourage more participation of females in government to enhance quality service and good governance for effective development in any political system. Definition of some key terms: we will only for the sake of this study attempt a definition of just a few of these key terms o Gender role: roles that each cultural society assigns to either the male or the female gender o Sex role: reproductive roles given to the male or female sex by nature o Gender mainstreaming: • Development: a means of ensuring that there is participation of people in the production, growth and wellbeing of the community

Recent issues in tourism development such as security, tourist attractions, employment, infrastructures, basic amenities, human development and language reactions are issues bothering around the tourism industry in Cross River State. Using some tourist destinations, international tourists and indigenes survey in Cross River State as case study, the paper surveys the current status of the second language policy in the tourism industry in Cross River state through monitoring, participation and interview of visitors and stakeholders during some selected tourism activities in the Cross River State tourism industry and shows how imperative it is to encourage the second language policy in a tourism based economy. Taking into consideration the need for the adoption of French as a second international language for tourism purposes in the State, the main objective of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the adoption and proper implementation of a second international language policy in the tourism industry in Cross River State to enhance the growth and sustainability of the industry in the state. However, with emphasis on the French language as an important tool in this regard, the paper suggests a reorientation of the people on the need to be bilingual and a concrete implementation of the French language policy, to create a favorable environment for international tourists in the state and solve to a great extent, the language problem during the festival.

One significant aspect of the African slaves who were shipped out of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade was the retention and preservation of the African culture. These values over the years have either been watered down, compromised or have been influenced by external cultural influences. Though, these Africans now live in the diaspora, literature has been able to reveal their attitudes, experiences and cultural preoccupations in the new world. Using the cultural approach, this reading seeks through survey, participation, and interviews to contribute to the literature by analyzing the cultural preoccupations of the Francophone diasporic communities, and discusses the impact of the diasporic cultural activities as a driving force in poverty alleviation while redefining the social relations between the communities and their homeland.

La Sexualité est un terme très général qui recouvre plusieurs phénomènes. Cette communication porte sur les aspects affectifs et émotionnels en relation avec le comportement sexuel des gens de Calabar pendant la fête de Noel de « Calabar Christmas estival ». Du côté du carnaval, une fête étrangère importée du Trinidad, qui est venue avec des aspects négatifs qui affectent dans une manière droguée la culture et tradition de la ville. Ces aspects négatifs sont visibles dans la manière générale de du comportement des gens pendant et après la fête. En guise de tout ce qui est énoncé; l'objectif de cette communication est de démontrer l'influence du carnaval étranger et son effet négatif sur la manière générale de penser, de s'habiller, et de se comporter des gens de Calabar pendant et après la fête.

The work showed the use of costume design in interpreting Carnival Calabar themes by the five competing bands as well as in the Calabar International Carnival. Content analysis, methodology comprising of on-site participatory observation and key informant interviews were used to evaluate the thematic interpretation. Findings indicate that costume is a major vehicle used by the bands to tell the stories in carnivals. Bands combined colours and materials to create authenticity. However, it was recommended that bands need to promote more of Africa in their designs (materials and styles), and bring in more creative homebased designers as well as materials and economic resources.

The present study explores the effect of a pandemic on home-based tourism and tourists' decision to appreciate and patronize local indigenous sites, theater, and other tourism activities. An increase in the global spread of COVID-19 pandemic and incessant rise in deaths especially in renowned destinations, travel restrictions and subsequent closure of international tourist sites; have pulled Nigerian tourists’ motivation away from international destinations. A survey of 250 frequent Nigerian travelers reported their cultural experiences before and during the pandemic and their decision to patronize Homebased tourist-oriented activities. Major reasons for the push from international destinations by respondents were fear of COVID-19 infection, fear of death and stigmatization. Major reasons for pull were the low rate of spread, low deaths, and local traditional remedies availability. While the former were major push factors identified, the latter were perceived as pull factors. Ho...

This study investigates the nature of tourism site infrastructure and how it affects patronage in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State. The specific objectives of the study are to assess the security level, availability of leisure aid, recreation facilities, quantity and quality of historical artifacts, location ambiance, skilled tour guides and their effect on visitor patronage. The study is supported by Qualitative and inferential research design methods to ascertain the predictability of tourist patronage. A sample of one hundred and twenty-five (125) respondents were systematically selected for the study and questionnaires administered. The multiple nonlinear regression test statistic was deployed for validating the hypotheses developed for the study. Results show that security level, leisure and recreation, historical artifact and requisite accommodation were statistically significant in impacting a positive/direct influence on visitor patronage, while location ambiance and sk...

La Sexualite est un terme tres general qui recouvre plusieurs phenomenes. Cette communication porte sur les aspects affectifs et emotionnels en relation avec le comportement sexuel des gens de Calabar pendant la fete de Noel de « Calabar Christmas estival ». Du cote du carnaval, une fete etrangere importee du Trinidad, qui est venue avec des aspects negatifs qui affectent dans une maniere droguee la culture et tradition de la ville. Ces aspects negatifs sont visibles dans la maniere generale de du comportement des gens pendant et apres la fete. En guise de tout ce qui est enonce; l’objectif de cette communication est de demontrer l’influence du carnaval etranger et son effet negatif sur la maniere generale de penser, de s’habiller, et de se comporter des gens de Calabar pendant et apres la fete.

This research focuses on the impact of migration on the Cultural identity of Francophones in the diaspora. It explores the fascinating role of Culture and identity in national and regional integration. Examining the experiences of francophone immigrants from the diaspora, the study shows how ‘otherness’ affects immigrants’ capability to self-assert and adapt to reclaim their Africaness in the homeland. Two sets of immigrants are presented; the forced immigrant (Slavery), with a forced culture and the liberal immigrant, with liberal culture. Drawing from interviews, and individual experiences, the study emphasises the role of the immigrant, the community and the institutions in successful cultural integration in the homeland.

We would like to in this presentation begin by asking a simple question. Which of the sexes has the responsibility to govern? At this time, we believe our readers are divided into factions. While many people opine that the males are more responsible because they alone have the natural propensity to govern, there are those who believe that females can as well be given the responsibility to govern, except that they do not have such qualities as the males. Yet again there are those who will belong to the group that says that females should be made to handle less tasking political positions because they are by nature “weaker” than the males. Which school of thought do you belong? While we allow you to ponder  on the above, however,  this presentation seeks to  analyze more comprehensively the need for gender mainstreaming in good governance and seeks to answer the following questions; Is being the President of a country  or the Governor of a state, or the Chairman of a local government ...

Résumé<br> La diplomatie culturelle de la France au Nigéria, tout comme dans plusieurs autres pays non-francophones, se repose sur la politique de faire du français une langue permettant le rapprochement politico-économique entre les deux pays. Cela est d'autant nécessaire si l'on considère d'un côté, la course à la «conquête» des territoires par les puissances mondiales dont la France a comme objectif du développement économique, donnant la position du Nigéria dans la sous-région. Dans cette perspective, nous voudrions, dans cette présentation, étudier la présence de la France au Nigéria qui se manifeste dans le partenariat entre les deux pays dans plusieurs secteurs tels que l'éducation, l'économie, la technologie et dans le secteur pétrolier. C'est ainsi que l'on trouve des investissements des français au Nigéria comme ELF, CHEVRON et TOTAL. Nous trouvons dans le secteur de la construction les groupes comme DUMEZ, ROLLEI, SCIENT etc. L'on tro...

Dans cette communication, nous avons d'abord comme but de discuter la relation entre la langue et la culture. Etudiant alors le peuple Garifuna, une communauté antilles diasporique dans l'Amerique centrale, nous allons se servir de la methode ethnographique qui va nous aider à etudier l'aspect socio – culturelle du peuple et determiner la relation entre son dialecte, le Garifuna et son origin l'Afrique de l'ouest.

Learning a new language is not often as easy as one may think, especially, where there are no work compulsions or anything of serious importance that motivates one or make it a necessity. In Africa, and specifically in Anglophone countries, and among English speakers, learning French is trailed by a reaction one may describe, as “French is not my Language”. What this reaction embodies is a psychological and social manifestation of lack of motivation, confidence, and satisfaction in learning. Thus, the objectives of the research are; to identify the role of the Immediate Study Environment (ISE) in motivating, building confidence and ensuring satisfaction in the learners of the foreign languages and to determine the extent to which the ISE affects the student’s decision to continue or not to continue with the language. The result shows that the Immediate Study Environment (ISE) plays a major role in motivating or de-motivating learners, it further shows that the ISE impacts greatly on...