diane gooding
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Psychology, Faculty Member
In this chapter, we trace the historical roots of the social anhedonia (SoA) construct to current conceptualizations. We first describe the aspects of SoA that distinguish it from anhedonia in general. We summarize evidence that SoA is a... more
In this chapter, we trace the historical roots of the social anhedonia (SoA) construct to current conceptualizations. We first describe the aspects of SoA that distinguish it from anhedonia in general. We summarize evidence that SoA is a transdiagnostic symptom and risk factor. Although several forms of psychopathology are associated with elevated rates of self-reported SoA, one unresolved issue is whether the processes and mechanisms underlying SoA in one disorder are the same as the processes and mechanisms underlying SoA seen in another disorder. We assert that there may be different causal factors underlying SoA across disorders. Considering both the principles of equifinality and multifinality, we offer an integrative model for social reward processing. This conceptualization considers roles for the following: attention; social cognition, including, but not limited to, social skills; reward learning and valuation; working memory; anticipation, prediction, and remembering; and motivation and effort. We conclude that SoA may be caused by multiple underlying impairments, all of which may serve as targets for intervention. This conceptualization is provided as an impetus for further research in the area.
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Research Interests: Psychology and Pleasure
Research Interests: Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Psychometrics, Adolescent, Medicine, and 15 moreSpain, Schizotypy, Humans, Female, Male, Young Adult, Clinical Sciences, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Prevalence, Reproducibility of Results, Health surveys, Psychotic Disorders, Self report, Cross Sectional Studies, and Surveys and Questionnaires
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This chapter reviews the assessment of psychopathology, with a focus on psychosis and clinically related phenomena and conditions, such as prodromal phases and at-risk mental states of psychosis. The psychosis syndrome, which is... more
This chapter reviews the assessment of psychopathology, with a focus on psychosis and clinically related phenomena and conditions, such as prodromal phases and at-risk mental states of psychosis. The psychosis syndrome, which is characterized by a disruption of higher cognitive functions, can be found when any basic psychological process (e.g., memory, attention, etc.) is altered. It is used here as an example of psychopathological disorder. The chapter begins with an overview of the psychosis syndrome as a model of psychopathological disorder, emphasizing its core domains (i.e., positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms). It discusses the main psychological tests and procedures for psychosis assessment and provides an overall review of measurement instruments for psychosis risk assessment from both clinical and psychometric high-risk paradigms, where psychological testing plays a crucial role in terms of detecting people at risk for psychosis prior to developing serious mental disorder and need for care.
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Disturbances in positive affect and reductions in social reward/interpersonal pleasure are common across a range of clinical disorders and are often related. We examined the relationship between the Anticipatory and Consummatory... more
Disturbances in positive affect and reductions in social reward/interpersonal pleasure are common across a range of clinical disorders and are often related. We examined the relationship between the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS-A), and other measures of positive affect in adolescents in a genetically informative research design. The sample consisted of 177 MZ and 136 same-sex DZ twins drawn from a study of adolescent twins (M = 16.4 ± .97 years) who were part of the Wisconsin Twin Project. The self-report questionnaires included the Behavioral Activation Scale (BAS), Psychological Well-Being Scale, revised Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQR), and the adolescent version of the ACIPS (ACIPS-A). Structural equation modeling estimated the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the phenotypic variance in each of the measures. Follow-up bivariate analyses parsed the genetic and environmental contributions to the phenotypic covariances between the ACIPS-A and each of the other measures of positive affect. We found evidence of moderate heritability for the ACIPS-A scale scores. Overall, models specifying additive genetic and unique environmental effects (AE models) were the most parsimonious models for each of the measures. Several of the measures showed moderate positive phenotypic intercorrelations, and all but one of these intercorrelations showed significant partial genetic underpinnings. Moreover, the bivariate biometric analyses indicated that the ACIPS-A also captures unique heritable variation. Thus, the ACIPS-A captures unique heritable contributions to social/interpersonal pleasure, as well as shared genetic variance with other measures of positive affectivity.
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BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) models of disease progression have been built largely on non‐Hispanic White samples. Availability of AD blood‐based biomarkers may improve screening for AD risk and facilitate greater diversity in... more
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) models of disease progression have been built largely on non‐Hispanic White samples. Availability of AD blood‐based biomarkers may improve screening for AD risk and facilitate greater diversity in research studies; little is known about these biomarkers within African Americans (AA). Here, we characterized associations between plasma Ab42/40 and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) amyloid measures in an AA sample.MethodParticipants in the African Americans Fighting Alzheimer’s in Mid‐Life (AA‐FAIM) with >=1 PET scan and plasma Ab42/40 assay were included (n=34 participants; n=117 EDTA plasma samples). The ratio Ab42/40 was calculated from plasma Ab40 and Ab42 quantified by C2N Diagnostics (PrecivityAD™). PET 11C‐Pittsburgh compound B (PIB)‐derived amyloid measures included a mean cortical DVR (global PiB DVR), PET_A+ (DVR>1.19) and estimated PET_A+ duration at each plasma sample. In separate models where “time” was age or PET_A+ duration at ea...
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BackgroundIn an emerging biomarker era, scientists, clinicians and patients must trust that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers are broadly applicable across populations. However, biomarker studies inadequately include minoritized... more
BackgroundIn an emerging biomarker era, scientists, clinicians and patients must trust that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers are broadly applicable across populations. However, biomarker studies inadequately include minoritized populations – largely because biomarker collection is invasive and centralized, and outreach wholly insufficient. The AA‐FAIM study collected plasma and cognitive data from a Black cohort by leveraging existing resources from the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention. We compared two easily‐decentralized and low‐burden options for measuring preclinical changes–either alone or combined, testing associations of baseline plasma Aβ42/40 and intra‐individual cognitive variability (IICV) with longitudinal cognition.MethodsUsing AA‐FAIM participants’ cognitive data, we derived an estimate of baseline IICV from z‐scores, representing standard deviation across five indices from list learning, executive funct...
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Background: Connected speech-language (CSL) has been a promising measure of assessing cognitive decline in populations at-risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) populations. A co...
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BackgroundThe relationship between healthy and positive aging and dementia and cognitive impairment has received limited attention in the field of aging. Affect impacts cognitive changes and processes, and cognitive impairment is... more
BackgroundThe relationship between healthy and positive aging and dementia and cognitive impairment has received limited attention in the field of aging. Affect impacts cognitive changes and processes, and cognitive impairment is associated with affective comorbidities. The purpose of the study was to examine (a) whether happiness, helplessness, and hopelessness are linked to cognitive health status, and (b) whether these associations differ by race.MethodsParticipants were enrollees in the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center’s Clinical Core (ADRC). Average age at baseline was 60.85 (SD = 8.65), 73.70 (SD = 8.02), and 73.80 (SD = 9.59) years for cognitively normal individuals, individuals with MCI, and individuals with dementia, respectively.ResultsIn the full sample, chi-square test results revealed associations between Cognitive Health Status (CHS) and (a) happiness, χ2(2) = 6.06, p < 0.05, (b) helplessness, χ2(2) = 6.44, p < 0.05, and (c) hopelessness, χ2(2) = 14....
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Social anhedonia is well established as a transdiagnostic factor, but little is known about its development. This study examined whether temperament and parenting in early childhood predict social anhedonia in early adolescence. We also... more
Social anhedonia is well established as a transdiagnostic factor, but little is known about its development. This study examined whether temperament and parenting in early childhood predict social anhedonia in early adolescence. We also explored whether the relationships between early predictors and social anhedonia are moderated by a child's sex. A community sample of children participated in laboratory observations of temperament and parenting practices at age 3 (n= 275). The participants returned at age 12 and completed the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale–Child Version (ACIPS-C). Our results indicated that, at age 3, lower observed sociability predicted higher levels of social anhedonia at age 12. These associations were moderated by child sex, such that males with diminished sociability reported greater social anhedonia. These findings indicate that predictors of early adolescent social anhedonia are evident as early as 3 years of age. However, the...
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Research Interests: Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychosis, Psychometrics, and 15 morePersonality, Risk assessment, Adolescent, Medicine, Distress, Humans, Female, Male, Risk factors, Psychotic Disorders, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Latent class model, and Medical and Health Sciences
Black Americans are disproportionately affected by dementia. To expand our understanding of mechanisms of this disparity, we look to Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. In this review, we summarize current data, comparing the few... more
Black Americans are disproportionately affected by dementia. To expand our understanding of mechanisms of this disparity, we look to Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. In this review, we summarize current data, comparing the few studies presenting these findings. Further, we contextualize the data using two influential frameworks: the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association (NIA‐AA) Research Framework and NIA's Health Disparities Research Framework. The NIA‐AA Research Framework provides a biological definition of AD that can be measured in vivo. However, current cut‐points for determining pathological versus non‐pathological status were developed using predominantly White cohorts—a serious limitation. The NIA's Health Disparities Research Framework is used to contextualize findings from studies identifying racial differences in biomarker levels, because studying biomakers in isolation cannot explain or reduce inequities. We offer recommendations to exp...
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Research Interests: Psychology and Pleasure
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Meehl conceptualized schizotypy as the phenotypic manifestations of a neural integrative defect resulting from a schizophrenia diathesis. The majority of schizotypy studies recruited subjects from the general population and revealed a... more
Meehl conceptualized schizotypy as the phenotypic manifestations of a neural integrative defect resulting from a schizophrenia diathesis. The majority of schizotypy studies recruited subjects from the general population and revealed a multidimensional construct. This 2-phase investigation first examined the clustering of schizotypy in 194 unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients using the Chapman Psychosis Proneness scales and then directly compared the cognitive profiles of negative schizotypal individuals and positive schizotypal individuals with schizophrenia patients and controls. In the first phase, cluster analysis categorized 194 unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients into positive schizotypy (n = 33), negative schizotypy (n = 66), mixed schizotypy (n = 27), and low schizotypy (n = 64). Positive schizotypal participants showed more self-report pleasure experiences than negative schizotypal participants, replicating earlier cluster analytic findings. In the secon...
Research Interests: Psychiatry, Cognition, Family, Performance, Adolescent, and 15 moreMedicine, Endophenotypes, Humans, Female, Male, First Degree Relatives, Metaanalysis, Middle Aged, Adult, Disorders, Clustering Analysis, Cognitive dysfunction, Medical and Health Sciences, Cognitions, and Genetic predisposition to disease
Nearly all self-report measures of anhedonia have been developed for use in adults. Recently we developed an age and developmentally appropriate measure of social/interpersonal pleasure for adolescents (ACIPS-A), whereby lower scores are... more
Nearly all self-report measures of anhedonia have been developed for use in adults. Recently we developed an age and developmentally appropriate measure of social/interpersonal pleasure for adolescents (ACIPS-A), whereby lower scores are indicative of social anhedonia. However the scale had not been administered to Eastern samples. The adolescent version of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS-A) was administered to a general, community-derived Chinese adolescent sample of 442 students, including 186 males (44%), who ranged in age from 12 to 18 years old. The 20-item Chinese Temporal Experience of Pleasure (TEPS) was also administered to the sample. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that three factors (Casual bonding, Close relationships, and Shared interests) accounted for nearly 69% of the variance. The total ACIPS-A showed excellent internal consistency, with ordinal alpha = 0.94. Scores on the adolescent version of the ACIPS were positively an...
Research Interests: Interpersonal Communication, Adolescent, Medicine, Engagement, Children, and 15 moreExperience, Humans, Child, Age, Adolescence, Female, Male, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Anhedonia, Internal Consistency, Cross Cultural, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Casual, Depressive Symptoms, and Medical and Health Sciences
Schizotypy is a set of personality traits that convey liability to develop schizophrenia. Studying schizotypy in healthy individuals may facilitate the understanding of the psychopathological processes underlying schizophrenia. The... more
Schizotypy is a set of personality traits that convey liability to develop schizophrenia. Studying schizotypy in healthy individuals may facilitate the understanding of the psychopathological processes underlying schizophrenia. The present study aimed to examine the developmental trajectories of schizotypy over time using a longitudinal study design. The Chapman Scales for Psychosis Proneness were administered to 1541 college students at baseline, and subsequently at six-monthly intervals up to 18months. Latent class growth analysis was conducted to track the different trajectories. In addition, self-reported scales were used to measure idea of reference, emotional experiences and expression, stress and coping, as well as social functioning. We identified four latent classes with distinct trajectories: "nonschizotypy" group (LC1), "stable high schizotypy" group (LC3), "high reactive schizotypy" group (LC2) and "low reactive schizotypy" group (...
Research Interests: Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Psychiatry, Personality Disorders, Adolescent, and 15 moreMedicine, Humans, Female, Male, Ideation, Anhedonia, Longitudinal Design, Developmental Trajectory, Mood Disorders, Longitudinal Studies, Analysis of Variance, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, High risk, and Medical and Health Sciences
The goal was to examine the nature of social anhedonia using two validated measures and study their relationship to scores on the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Nearly 1,900 college-aged participants completed the Chapman Revised... more
The goal was to examine the nature of social anhedonia using two validated measures and study their relationship to scores on the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Nearly 1,900 college-aged participants completed the Chapman Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS), Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS), and the NEO-FFI. Although both the RSAS and ACIPS were associated with the NEO-FFI domains of Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism, linear regression analyses revealed that the RSAS and ACIPS were differentially predicted by NEO-FFI item clusters. The RSAS scores were predicted by Sociability, Nonantagonistic Orientation, Positive Affect, and Activity item clusters. The ACIPS scores were predicted by Sociability, Prosocial Orientation, Activity, and Positive Affect item clusters in addition to gender. In summary, it appears that social anhedonia is multidimensional, associated with various personality domains encompassing social approach and with...
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To date, nearly all self-report measures of anhedonia have been developed for use with adult samples. A valid measure of anhedonia that can be used with adolescents would be useful in order to address key questions about the nature and... more
To date, nearly all self-report measures of anhedonia have been developed for use with adult samples. A valid measure of anhedonia that can be used with adolescents would be useful in order to address key questions about the nature and course of anhedonia during adolescence. This study examined the psychometric properties of an adolescent version of a relatively new measure of social anhedonia, namely, the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS-A). The ACIPS-A was administered to a general, community-derived Spanish adolescent sample of 449 students, including 251 males (55.9%), who ranged in age from 13 to 19 years old. Other measures included the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS), anhedonia subscales from the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire (ESQUIZO-Q), and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a four-factor solution (close relationships, casual friendships and relationships, social bondin...
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Research Interests: Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychosis, Autism, Schizophrenia, and 15 moreNetwork Analysis, Medicine, Anxiety, Schizotypy, Population, Autistic Traits, Correlation, Mind, Meta Analysis, Personality Traits, Disorder, ANXIETY, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, and Schizotypal traits
The latent structure of schizotypy and psychosis-spectrum symptoms remains poorly understood. Furthermore, molecular genetic substrates are poorly defined, largely due to the substantial resources required to collect rich phenotypic data... more
The latent structure of schizotypy and psychosis-spectrum symptoms remains poorly understood. Furthermore, molecular genetic substrates are poorly defined, largely due to the substantial resources required to collect rich phenotypic data across diverse populations. Sample sizes of phenotypic studies are often insufficient for advanced structural equation modeling approaches. In the last 50 years, efforts in both psychiatry and psychological science have moved toward (1) a dimensional model of psychopathology (eg, the current Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology [HiTOP] initiative), (2) an integration of methods and measures across traits and units of analysis (eg, the RDoC initiative), and (3) powerful, impactful study designs maximizing sample size to detect subtle genomic variation relating to complex traits (the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium [PGC]). These movements are important to the future study of the psychosis spectrum, and to resolving heterogeneity with respect to in...
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Impairments in social motivational processes may partially explain the differences in social interaction seen among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The social motivation hypothesis would predict an association between... more
Impairments in social motivational processes may partially explain the differences in social interaction seen among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The social motivation hypothesis would predict an association between reduced hedonic capacity and ASD. However, to date, findings have been mixed regarding hedonic deficits among individuals with ASD; adults report lower levels of both social and physical pleasure whereas adolescents only report experiencing lower social pleasure. Moreover, very few studies examining the association between anhedonia and autistic traits have used measures of hedonic response or taken temporal aspects of pleasure into account. The present study examined associations between autistic traits and the experience of pleasure using a non-clinical sample of young adults to further clarify the nature of hedonic deficits in the broader autism phenotype (BAP). Results revealed that autistic traits were negatively associated with both the experience of social pleasure as well as general pleasure, although the association was stronger for social pleasure. Regression analyses revealed that reduced social pleasure was a better predictor of autistic traits than general pleasure. Together these findings suggest that reduced social hedonic capacity is associated with autistic traits in the general population and should be included in conceptualizations of the BAP.
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Individuals who scored high on Perceptual Aberration-Magical Ideation Scales (Per-Mag; n = 90), the Social Anhedonia Scale (SocAnh; n = 39), and control participants (n = 89) were administered saccadic refixation (prosaccade) and saccadic... more
Individuals who scored high on Perceptual Aberration-Magical Ideation Scales (Per-Mag; n = 90), the Social Anhedonia Scale (SocAnh; n = 39), and control participants (n = 89) were administered saccadic refixation (prosaccade) and saccadic suppression (antisaccade) tasks. Eye movements were scored in terms of error rates and latency. None of the groups differed in terms of their performance on the prosaccade task. Both the Per-Mag (p &lt; 0.01) and SocAnh (p &lt; 0.05) groups exceeded the controls in terms of mean antisaccade errors. The high-risk groups did not differ from each other. Eighteen of the Per-Mag individuals and 10 of the SocAnh individuals displayed deviant antisaccade performance. These findings are particularly interesting in light of suggestive evidence that antisaccade task deficits may serve as a marker of susceptibility to schizophrenia. It is hypothesized that the individuals who scored aberrantly on the Chapman scales and displayed antisaccade performance deficits are most likely to be at risk for the development of psychosis.
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There is a need for a better understanding of transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms that relate to neurophysiological abnormalities following rewarding and aversive feedback in order to inform development of novel targeted treatments. To... more
There is a need for a better understanding of transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms that relate to neurophysiological abnormalities following rewarding and aversive feedback in order to inform development of novel targeted treatments. To address this need, we examined a transdiagnostic sample of 44 adults (mean age: 35.52; 57% female), which consisted of individuals with broadly-defined schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (n = 16), bipolar disorders (n = 10), other mood and anxiety disorders (n = 5), and no history of a psychiatric disorder (n = 13). Participants completed a Pavlovian monetary reward prediction task during 32-channel electroencephalogram recording. We assessed the event-related potentials (ERPs) of feedback-related negativity (FRN), feedback-related positivity (FRP), and the late positive potential (LPP), following better and worse than expected outcomes. Examination of symptom relationships using stepwise regressions across the entire sample revealed that an increase in the clinician-rated Negative Symptoms factor score from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, was related to a decreased LPP amplitude during better than expected (i.e., rewarding) outcomes. We also found that increased self-reported scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (Brief-Revised) Disorganized factor related to an increased FRN amplitude during worse than expected (i.e., aversive) outcomes. Across the entire sample, the FRP component amplitudes did not show significant relationships to any of the symptoms examined. Analyses of the three diagnostic groups of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders, and nonpsychiatric controls did not reveal any statistically significant differences across the ERP amplitudes and conditions. These findings suggest relationships between specific neurophysiological abnormalities following rewarding and aversive outcomes and particular transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms.
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According to Meehl's model of schizotypy, there is a latent personality organization associated with the diathesis for schizophrenia that can be identified in several ways. We sought to examine the structural invariance of four... more
According to Meehl's model of schizotypy, there is a latent personality organization associated with the diathesis for schizophrenia that can be identified in several ways. We sought to examine the structural invariance of four Chapman psychosis-proneness scales (CPPS) across three groups of putative schizotypes, namely, clinically-, biologically-, and psychometrically-identified schizotypes. We examined the factor structure of the Perceptual Aberration (PER), Magical Ideation (MIS), Revised Social Anhedonia (RSAS), and Revised Physical Anhedonia (RPAS) scales in 196 schizophrenia patients, 197 non-psychotic first-degree relatives, and 1,724 non-clinical young adults. The confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the best-fitting model was one in which there is a two-factor model with negative schizotypy (RSAS and RPAS) and positive schizotypy (PER and MIS). All three samples fit the model well, with Comparative Fit Indices>0.95 and Tucker Lewis Indices>0.90. The root me...
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To date, there is a relative dearth of measures focusing on social anhedonia that are suitable for both patient and non-patient samples, up to date in terms of their content, and relatively brief. The goal of the present investigation was... more
To date, there is a relative dearth of measures focusing on social anhedonia that are suitable for both patient and non-patient samples, up to date in terms of their content, and relatively brief. The goal of the present investigation was to validate the Spanish translation of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS)-Adult version for use with Spanish-speaking populations. The total sample included 387 nonclinical individuals from Spain (128 males). The mean age was 21.86 years (SD=5.11; range 18-46 years). The ACIPS and the Beck Depression Inventory-II were used. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 3-factor solution which explained 79.1% of the variance (intimate social interactions, social bonding in the context of media/communications, and casual socialization). The total ACIPS showed good internal consistency, estimated with ordinal alpha; it was 0.92, ranging from 0.76 to 0.84 for the subscales. The participants who reported a minimal to low level of depressive symptoms had significantly higher total ACIPS scores than the participants who reported experiencing moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms. Total scores on the ACIPS were negatively associated with scores on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (r=-0.22, p≤.001). Participants with a family history reported significantly lower total ACIPS scores than those without a family history of schizophrenia. The present results showed that the Spanish version of the ACIPS scores had adequate psychometric properties. The ACIPS may be useful in terms of helping to elucidate the ways in which individual differences in hedonic capacity for social and interpersonal relationships relates meaningfully to risk for various forms of psychopathology.
Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Cognition, and 18 moreAttention, Working Memory, Performance, Prefrontal Cortex, Information Processing, Memory, Humans, Female, Saccades, Male, Reaction Time, Differential Diagnosis, Task Performance, Clinical Sciences, Adult, Task Performance and Analysis, Psychomotor Performance, and Neuropsychological Tests
We conducted three investigations to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS; Gooding and Pflum, Psychiatry Research, 2014). In Study One, we used... more
We conducted three investigations to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS; Gooding and Pflum, Psychiatry Research, 2014). In Study One, we used Mechanical Turk to individually administer the ACIPS to a diverse group of community adults aged 25-69. Reports of greater social/interpersonal pleasure was associated with greater sense of interpersonal connectedness with others, higher need to belong, and less likelihood of reporting anxiety during social interactions. In Studies Two and Three, participants were tested in group settings. Studies with undergraduate participants indicated that ACIPS scores are associated with measures of prosocial interactions and sociability as well as measures of anhedonia. Despite differences in testing conditions (i.e., online vs. paper administration) and heterogeneity in the samples in terms of educational level, geographical location, and age, the ACIPS demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity. Taken together, these studies add to the increasing body of evidence for the construct validity of the ACIPS.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the factor structure and the temporal stability of the Chapman psychosis-proneness scales in a representative sample of nonclinical Chinese young adults. The four psychosis-proneness scales... more
The purpose of the present study was to examine the factor structure and the temporal stability of the Chapman psychosis-proneness scales in a representative sample of nonclinical Chinese young adults. The four psychosis-proneness scales evaluated were the Perceptual Aberration (PAS), Magical Ideation (MIS), revised Social Anhedonia (RSAS), and revised Physical Anhedonia (RPAS) scales. The sample consisted of 1724 young adults with a mean age of 18.8 years (S.D.=0.84). The results of the confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the best fitting model was a two-factor model with positive schizotypy (PER and MIS) scales and negative schizotypy (RSAS and RPAS) scales. The data add to the growing literature indicating that the measurement of schizotypal traits is consistent across cultures. In addition, the results support the measurement invariance of the Chapman psychosis-proneness scales across time, i.e., there was ample evidence of test-retest reliability over a test interval of 6 months.
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Loas, et al. (2013) is an interesting study that raises two important issues: namely, the validity of the Miers and Raulin Cognitive Slippage Scale and the nature of the relationship between thought disorder and schizotypy. Given that... more
Loas, et al. (2013) is an interesting study that raises two important issues: namely, the validity of the Miers and Raulin Cognitive Slippage Scale and the nature of the relationship between thought disorder and schizotypy. Given that thought disorder has been observed in both schizophrenic and affective disordered patients for years, it is important to consider what aspects of thought disorder may be specifically related to a schizophrenia diathesis. In this brief commentary, I discuss some research findings that provide insights in this regard.
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Eye tracking dysfunction (ETD) is one of the most widely replicated behavioral deficits in schizophrenia and is over-represented in clinically unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients. Here, we provide an overview of... more
Eye tracking dysfunction (ETD) is one of the most widely replicated behavioral deficits in schizophrenia and is over-represented in clinically unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients. Here, we provide an overview of research relevant to the characterization and pathophysiology of this impairment. Deficits are most robust in the maintenance phase of pursuit, particularly during the tracking of predictable target movement. Impairments are also found in pursuit initiation and correlate with performance on tests of motion processing, implicating early sensory processing of motion signals. Taken together, the evidence suggests that ETD involves higher-order structures, including the frontal eye fields, which adjust the gain of the pursuit response to visual and anticipated target movement, as well as early parts of the pursuit pathway, including motion areas (the middle temporal area and the adjacent medial superior temporal area). Broader application of localizing be...