Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme Habitats, nécropoles et paysages dans la moyenne et la basse vallée du Rhône (VIIe-XVe s.) Contribution des travaux du TGV-Méditerranée à l’étude des sociétés rurales médiévales Odile Maufras (dir.) DOI : 10.4000/books.editionsmsh.22853 Éditeur : Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme Lieu d’édition : Paris Année d’édition : 2006 Date de mise en ligne : 20 octobre 2021 Collection : Documents d’archéologie française EAN électronique : 9782735126460 https://books.openedition.org Édition imprimée EAN (Édition imprimée) : 9782735109852 Nombre de pages : 474 Référence électronique MAUFRAS, Odile (dir.). Habitats, nécropoles et paysages dans la moyenne et la basse vallée du Rhône (VIIe-XVe s.) : Contribution des travaux du TGV-Méditerranée à l’étude des sociétés rurales médiévales. Nouvelle édition [en ligne]. Paris : Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme, 2006 (généré le 15 novembre 2023). Disponible sur Internet : <http://books.openedition.org/editionsmsh/22853>. ISBN : 9782735126460. DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/books.editionsmsh.22853. Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 15 novembre 2023. Il est issu d’une numérisation par reconnaissance optique de caractères. Le texte seul est utilisable sous licence . 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1.2.2.1 Phase 1 (XIIe s.) 20 (OOHFRUUHVSRQG¢Oɛ«WDEOLVVHPHQWGɛXQSUHPLHUE¤WLPHQWDX;,,HVGRQWLOQHUHVWHTXH TXHOTXHVWUDFHV ILJ bXQODPEHDXGHVROHQWHUUHEDWWXHHQUHODWLRQDYHFXQVROLQHQ JDOHWV&HGHUQLHUHVWRULHQW«16DYHFXQDQJOH(28QUHVWHGHPXUHQJDOHWVRULHQW« 16HWVLWX«DXVXGHVWGHFHVROLQVHUDWWDFKH«JDOHPHQW¢FHWWHSKDVH$XFXQ«O«PHQW Gɛ«O«YDWLRQQɛD«W«FRQVHUY« 21 /D  F«UDPLTXH  UHWURXY«H  VXU  OH  VRO  W«PRLJQH  GHV  DFWLYLW«V  GRPHVWLTXHVb  SHWLWH  RXOH PDUPLWH  FRTXHPDU  ILJ   b  FHV  IRUPHV  VRQW  FODVVLTXHV  DX[  ;,,H HW  ;,,,H V  )DXUH 32 %RXFKDUODWHWDOD 8QGHQLHUGHELOORQGHOɛ«Y¬FK«GH'LHGX ;,,HVFRQILUPHFHWWH GDWDWLRQ 3RH\Gɛ$YDQWbbQRbSbSO&,9QRb b ɢDYHUVb$9*b*5$7,$b3/( 1ɛ W¬WHFRXURQQ«HGHOD9LHUJHWRXUQ«HYHUVODJDXFKHb ɢUHYHUVb &, 9,7$6b"',(1 6,6 FURL[SDWW«HDXFHQWUHGHODPRQQDLH FIG. 8 Châteauneuf-sur-Isére/Beaume : mobilier céramique retrouvé sur le sol de la phase 1. 1 pot à pâte rouge ; 2 marmite à pâte rouge glaçurée ; 3 oule à pâte grise ; 4, 5 coquemars à pâte grise avec décor ; 6 fond plat de marmite à pâte grise. 22 &HVYHVWLJHVFRUUHVSRQGHQW¢ODIRUPDWLRQGɛXQSUHPLHUKDELWDW¢%HDXPHTXLSRXUUDLW WURXYHUVDUDLVRQGɛ¬WUHGDQVXQFRQWH[WHGHG«IULFKHPHQWWHOTXHOɛ«YRTXHQWOHVWH[WHV ¢  OD  ILQ  GX  ;,,H V  /HV  SUHPLªUHV  PHQWLRQV  KRVSLWDOLªUHV  GDQV  OH  VHFWHXU  GH  %HDXPH FRQFHUQHQW/HV&KLURQV/HVKRVSLWDOLHUVHQbVRQWH[HPSW«VGHWRXWHUHGHYDQFH¢ Oɛ«JDUG  GH  OD  SDURLVVH  GH  6DLQW)«OL[  SRXU  OHXUV  WURXSHDX[  HW  OHV  QRXYHOOHV  WHUUHVb QRYDOLEXV  LOOLV  TXH  SURSULR  ODERUH  YHOSURSULLV  VXPSWLEXV  LQ  WHUULV  TXDVSRVVLGHQW  IDFWH  DXW IHFHUXQW &KHYDOLHUbb  ;/,,   /H  WRSRQ\PH  J«Q«ULTXH  GX  VHFWHXU  GHO  5HYHVW /HV &KLURQVbILJ UHFRXYUHHQIDLWXQQRPEUHLPSRUWDQWGHWHUURLUVGDQVOHTXHO%HDXPH GRLW¬WUHFRPSULV&HGRFXPHQWPRQWUHOHG«IULFKHPHQWHWODFRQTX¬WHGHQRXYHDX[ WHUURLUV  HQWUHSULV  SDU  OHV  KRVSLWDOLHUV  /H  G«IULFKHPHQW  VH  SRXUVXLW  HQbbVXU  OHV WHUUHVHWOHVERLVGH&KDPEDXGLQFOXDQWDORUVOHVHFWHXUGH%HDXPH &KHYDOLHUbb /;;,;b$''b*b  b 1.2.2.2 Phase 2 (XIIIe s.) 23 /HVLWHHVWRFFXS«WRXWDXORQJGX 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JUDLQHV FDUERQLV«HVHWGHODPLFURIDXQHRQW«JDOHPHQW«W«UHFXHLOOLHV FIG. 9 Châteauneuf-sur-Isère/Beaume : le bâtiment de la phase 2, répartition du mobilier au sol. 24 8QIR\HUHVWDP«QDJ«VXUOHVROGDQVODSDUWLHQRUGHVW'HIRUPHFDUU«H b[bbP LOHVW IRUP«GHWXLOHVURXJHVSRV«HV¢SODWUHFRXYHUWHVSDUGXOLPRQWUªVDUJLOHX[EUXQ URXJH'HX[WURXVGHSLTXHWVVLWX«VGHYDQWOHIR\HUPDW«ULDOLVHQW«YHQWXHOOHPHQWXQ GLVSRVLWLIGHERLVGHVWLQ«¢VXVSHQGUHFHUWDLQVU«FLSLHQWV8QFDLOORXWLVOHERUGHDXQRUG MXVTXɛDX PXU HW GHYDLW VHUYLU GH SURWHFWLRQ /ɛHPSODFHPHQW GX IR\HU SHUPHWWDLW GH FLUFXOHUDXWRXU‚OɛHVWGHFHIR\HUXQVLORFLUFXODLUH VLORb SU«VHQWHXQSURILOHQFORFKH DVVH]PDUTX«DYHFXQIRQGSODWHWGHVSDURLVGURLWHVSDUWDQWHQWURQFGHF¶QH GLDP GɛRXYHUWXUHbbPGLDPIRQGbbPSURIbbP /HFRPEOHPHQWFRQVWLWX«GH TXDWUHFRXFKHVSURYLHQWHVVHQWLHOOHPHQWGHG«S¶WVVHFRQGDLUHVVXUYHQXV¢ODVXLWHGH ODGHVWUXFWLRQGXE¤WLPHQWbFKDUERQVGHERLVWXLOHVFORXVHWF«UDPLTXHV bIRQGVGH PDUPLWHVERPE«VOHQWLFXODLUHVXQSRWJOREXODLUH¢FROFRXUWXQHSHWLWHFUXFKHILJb QRVb 8QDXWUHVLOR VLORb 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Niveau de cour : 1, 2 pichets à pâte rouge glaçurée ; 3 cruche à pâte grise ; 4, 7 marmites à pâte grise glaçurée ; 8 marmite à pâte rouge glaçurée. Silo 1 : 9‑11 anse et fonds de marmites à pâte grise. 25 /HE¤WLPHQW$DYHFXQQLYHDXGHVROSHXPDUTX«SDUGHVG«S¶WVPRQWUHXQVRXFLGH SURSUHW«/DSU«VHQFHGXIR\HUHWGɛXQVLOR¢F¶W«ODLVVHVXSSRVHUXQHKDELWDWLRQDYHF XQHVSDFHGRPHVWLTXHHWGHVDP«QDJHPHQWVGHVWRFNDJHbXQ¢OɛLQW«ULHXU bP XQ¢ OɛH[W«ULHXU bP 4XDUDQWHWURXVGHSLTXHWV bFPGHGLDPªWUH WUDYHUVHQWOHVRO VXUGHX[OLJQHVɘSDUDOOªOHVDXPXURXHVWɘDLQVLTXHVL[WURXVGHSLTXHWVIRQFWLRQQDQW SDUGHX[bFHX[FLSRXYDLHQWVHUYLU¢GHVDP«QDJHPHQWVLQW«ULHXUVGRQWODIRQFWLRQ H[DFWHQɛDSX¬WUHG«ILQLH/HSDVGHSRUWHGXE¤WLPHQWD«W«LQVWDOO«GHID©RQ¢ILOWUHU OɛKXPLGLW«HWOHVUXLVVHOOHPHQWVbDXQRUGGXE¤WLPHQWOHVROH[W«ULHXUD«JDOHPHQW«W« DP«QDJ«  SRXU  GUDLQHU  QLYHDX  GH  JUDYLHUV  GH  JDOHWV  FDOFDLUHV  EODQFV  HW  GH  JDOHWV FKDXO«V ‚OɛHVWOHE¤WLPHQW$VɛRXYUHVXUXQHFRXUGRQWOHVROHVWIRUP«Gɛ«O«PHQWV FRPSRVLWHVbJDOHWVOLPRQDUJLORVDEOHX[FDLOORXWLVHWFSHUPHWWDQW«JDOHPHQWXQERQ GUDLQDJH  /H  PRELOLHU  ILJ  b  QRVb  HVW  FRQFHQWU«  DX[  DERUGV  GX  E¤WLPHQW  HW  VH FRPSRVH¢SDUWV«JDOHVGɛ«O«PHQWVGHYDLVVHOOHGHFXLVLQH PDUPLWHV HWGHYDLVVHOOHGH WDEOH SLFKHWV¢JOD©XUHSORPELIªUH  b 1.2.2.3 Phase 3 (XIIIe s.) 26 /DSKDVHbWRXMRXUVDX;,,,HVFRUUHVSRQG¢XQHH[WHQVLRQGHOD]RQHE¤WLH(QHIIHWOH E¤WLPHQW  %  HVW  FRQVWUXLW  FRQWUH  OH  E¤WLPHQW  $  ¢  SHX  GH  WHPSV  GɛLQWHUYDOOH  'H GLPHQVLRQV  SUDWLTXHPHQW  FDUU«HV  b[bbP  VRLW  bP   LO  HVW  RULHQW«  VHORQ  OH P¬PHD[H16TXHOHE¤WLPHQW$ ILJb /ɛHQWU«HVHVLWXH«JDOHPHQWVXUODID©DGHHVW PDLV  GDQV  OɛDQJOH  QRUG  b[bbP   8Q  OLPRQ  DUJLORVDEOHX[  MDXQH  FRPSDFW  HW 35 JUDYHOHX[IRUPHOHVHXLO/HVSDUWLHVLQI«ULHXUHVGHV«O«YDWLRQVVRQW«JDOHPHQWHQWHUUH FUXH  /H  QLYHDX  GH  VRO  SDUWLHOOHPHQW  FRQVHUY«  VXUbbP  VH  FRPSRVH  GɛXQ  VDEOH OLPRQHX[ EHLJH 8Q QLYHDX GɛRFFXSDWLRQ OLPRQHX[ JULV FRPSDFW UHFRXYUH FH VRO /D F«UDPLTXHVXUWRXWSU«VHQWHYHUVOɛHQWU«HHVWSOXVDERQGDQWHTXHGDQVOHE¤WLPHQW$b PDUPLWHVHWXQSHWLWSRW¢FXLUH FRTXHPDU GX;,,,HV ILJ /HVLORbbHVWFUHXV«GDQV ODSDUWLHQRUGRXHVWGXE¤WLPHQW&RPPHOHVGHX[SU«F«GHQWVLOHVWGHIRUPHFLUFXODLUH GLDP  GɛRXYHUWXUHb  bP  GH  IRQGb  bP  SURIb  bP   6HV  SDURLV  VRQW SUDWLTXHPHQW  YHUWLFDOHV  HW  VRQ  IRQG  DUURQGL  /HV  FRPEOHPHQWV  VRQW  «JDOHPHQW VHFRQGDLUHV JUDLQHVFDUERQLV«HVFKDUERQVGHERLVIUDJPHQWVGHWXLOHVFDQDOHVXQH PDUPLWHXQHIDXFLOOHXQFRXWHDXXQHFO« ¢OɛH[FHSWLRQGɛXQHFRXFKHGHSDLOOHHQ SRVLWLRQ  SULPDLUH  LQVWDOO«H  DX  IRQG  GX  VLOR  &HWWH  SDLOOH  SURW«JHDLW  OHV  JUDLQV  GH OɛKXPLGLW«&HVLORUHPSODFHOHVLORbUHFRXYHUWSDUODFRQVWUXFWLRQGXE¤WLPHQW% FIG. 11 Châteauneuf-sur-Isére/Beaume : bâtiment B, répartition du mobilier au sol. 36 FIG. 12 Châteauneuf-sur-Isère/Beaume : mobilier céramique des contextes de la phase 3. Niveau de cour : 1‑4 pichets à pâte rouge glaçurée ; 5‑9 marmites à pâte grise. 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Destruction du bâtiment D : 1 marmite à pâte rouge glaçurée ; 6 marmite à pâte grise glaçurée. Bâtiment E : 2 marmite à pâte grise glaçurée ; 3 marmite à pâte rouge glaçurée ; 8 fond plat de marmite à pâte grise. Destruction ou amas de galets : 4, 5 marmites à pâte rouge glaçurée ; 7 oule à pâte grise. 40 FIG. 14 Châteauneuf-sur-Isère/Beaume : mobilier céramique des contextes de la phase 4. Cour : 2 cruche à pâte grise. Fosses : 4 décor sur pâte rouge, glaçure polychrome ; 5, 6 céramiques verte et brune importées. Amas de galets : 1 cruche à pâte rouge ; 7 fond de pichet à pâte rouge glaçurée. Bâtiment D : 3 pichet à pâte rouge ; 8 fond de pichet à pâte rouge. Bâtiment E : 9 fond de pichet à pâte rouge. 48 ‚OɛH[W«ULHXU¢OɛRXHVWOHQLYHDXGHODFRXUHVWPDW«ULDOLV«SDUXQFDLOORXWLVHWXQOLPRQ DUJLOHX[VDEOHX[EUXQ 49 (QUHODWLRQDYHFFHWKDELWDWSOXVLHXUVIRVVHVVRQWLQVWDOO«HVGDQVODSDUWLHRXHVWGXVLWH ILJ 8QHIRVVHG«SRWRLUGDQVODFRXUFRQWHQDLWGHODF«UDPLTXHYHUQLVV«HHWGHV UHMHWVDOLPHQWDLUHV ERYLQV 7URLVDXWUHVIRVVHVVRQWFUHXV«HVDXWUDYHUVGHVSDQVGH PXUVUXE«IL«VGXE¤WLPHQW$/HVGHX[SUHPLªUHVVRQWFRPEO«HVGHWRXWYHQDQW/D WURLVLªPH  TXL  UHFRXSH  XQH  SDUWLH  GH  OD  VHFRQGH  D  XQH  IRUPH  RYDOH  b[bbP bPGHSURIRQG 6RQUHPSOLVVDJHVHSU«VHQWHVRXVIRUPHGɛXQDPDVGHWXLOHVHWGH JDOHWV$XIRQGGHODIRVVHXQHPRQQDLHGDW«HGX ;,,HVHWGHODF«UDPLTXHGX ;,9HV RQW «W« UHWURXY«HV  ILJ   6XU OH QLYHDX VXS«ULHXU GX UHPSOLVVDJH VH WURXYDLW XQ VTXHOHWWHGɛ«TXLG«6HXOVOHFU¤QHHWOHVYHUWªEUHV«WDLHQWHQSODFH 50 'HVGUDLQVHQJDOHWVGHFDOFDLUHEODQFRULHQW«V2(VRQWDP«QDJ«VGDQVODFRXU 51 /HVYHVWLJHVGDW«VGHV;,9H;9HVVRQWLQVWDOO«VHQEDVGHSHQWHLOVVRQWSOXVSURFKHVGX FKHPLQGH9DOHQFH¢5RPDQV/ɛHQWU«HGXE¤WLPHQW(HVWSOXV«WURLWHTXHOHVHQWU«HV GHVE¤WLPHQWV$%HW& SKDVHVbbHWb PDLVHOOHVɛRXYUH¢OɛRXHVW«JDOHPHQWVXUXQH FRXU 52 'DQV  OH  WHUULHU  GH  Oɛ«Y¬TXH  GH  9DOHQFH  GHb  OH  WHUURLU  DSSDUWLHQW  WRXMRXUV  DX[ KRVSLWDOLHUVb  LO  HQJOREH  GHV  IRU¬WV  GHV  FKDPSV  HW  GHV  WHUUHV  /H  WHUULHU  HW  OHV UHFRQQDLVVDQFHVGHbHWbbLQGLTXHQWOɛH[LVWHQFHGɛXQKDPHDXG«M¢FRQVWLWX«HQ ERUGXUH  GH  OD  YRLH  GH  9DOHQFH  ¢  5RPDQV  $''b  b*b  b  b+b  G«VLJQ« 41 LQGLII«UHPPHQWSDUOHVWRSRQ\PHV&KDPEDXG%HDXPHRX%¶PH*URV%RVFRX&ORV 5ROOLQ  ‚  FHWWH  «SRTXH  OH  UHJURXSHPHQW  QH  FRPSRUWH  TXH  TXHOTXHV  PDLVRQVbɘbDX PLQLPXPTXDWUHRXFLQT/HVELHQVG«FULWVFRUUHVSRQGHQW¢GHSHWLWHVXQLW«VDJULFROHV DYHFYLJQHVFKDPSVWDLOOLVERLVbOHVPDLVRQVVRQWDWWHQDQWHV¢XQFXUWLO FRXU HW¢XQ MDUGLQ/HVE¤WLPHQWVGHODSKDVHbbFRQVWLWXHQWVDQVGRXWHOHVYHVWLJHVGHOɛXQHGHFHV XQLW«V(QbOHKDPHDXQHSDUD°WSDVDYRLUVXELGHPRGLILFDWLRQV $''bb+b  b 1.3 La construction : matériaux et mise en oeuvre 1.3.1 Les matériaux utilisés 53 /HVE¤WLPHQWV$%HW& ;,,,HV VRQWFRQVWUXLWVHQWHUUHFUXH/DKDXWHXUFRQVHUY«HGHV PXUVGXE¤WLPHQW$HVWGHbbPSRXUOHE¤WLPHQW%bPHWSRXUOHE¤WLPHQW& bP3OXVLHXUVPRGDOLW«VGHPLVHHQüXYUHDSSDUDLVVHQWSRXUXQP¬PHE¤WLPHQW/D TXDOLW«WH[WXUDOHGHVWHUUHVHPSOR\«HVLFLFɛHVW¢GLUHOHP«ODQJHGɛDUJLOHOLPRQVDEOH HWJUDYLHUDXWRULVHSOXVLHXUVPRGHVGHFRQVWUXFWLRQPLVHQ«YLGHQFHSDUODIRXLOOH /DbFRXFKH  GɛDOW«UDWLRQ  OLPRQRDUJLOHXVH  HW  JUDYHOHXVH  GH  OD  WHUUDVVH  SO«LVWRFªQH SU«VHQWHVXUOHVLWHP¬PHVHUHWURXYHWUªVFRPSDFW«H¢ODEDVHGHVPXUVGXE¤WLPHQW$ /DODUJHXUGHFHX[FL HQPR\HQQHbbPVDXISRXUOHPXUVXGbbP OɛDEVHQFHGH WUDFHVGHSRWHDX[YHUWLFDX[UDSSURFK«VODFRPSDFLW«TXLSRXUUDLWU«VXOWHUGXWUDYDLODX SLVRLUIRQWSHQVHUTXHOɛRQSRXUUDLW¬WUHHQSU«VHQFHGHODWHFKQLTXHGXSLV« ILJ    &HWWH  P¬PH  FRXFKH  GH  WHUUH  HVW  HQFRUH  XWLOLV«H  GH  FHWWH  ID©RQ  ¢  Oɛ«SRTXH FRQWHPSRUDLQH(OOHQHSHUPHWSDVGHPLVHHQüXYUHVRXVIRUPHGHWRUFKLVDSSOLTX« VXU  XQ  FOD\RQQDJH  Y«J«WDObɘbWURS  GH  JUDYLHUV  HW  GH  VDEOHbɘbQL  GH  EULTXHVbɘbWURS  GH JUDYLHUV/DEDXJHbɘbSDTXHWVGHWHUUHDSSOLTX«VOHVXQVVXUOHVDXWUHVbɘbQ«FHVVLWHUDLW¢ QRWUH  DYLV  SRXU  XQH  «O«YDWLRQ  G«SDVVDQW  OH  PªWUH  GHV  SRWHDX[  UDSSURFK«V  TXL  QH VHPEOHQWSDVDYRLUH[LVW«¢%HDXPH7RXWHIRLVHQOɛDEVHQFHGHWUDFHVGHFRIIUDJHHQ SODQFKHVbɘbOHSLV«HVWEDQFK«bɘHWGHMRLQWVUHODWLIVDX[G«SODFHPHQWVGHFHFRIIUDJHOD G«PRQVWUDWLRQDUFK«RORJLTXHGXSLV«QɛHVWSDVHQWLªUHPHQW«WDEOLHVXUFHVLWHPDLV VXSSRV«H&ɛHVWODWHFKQLTXHODSOXVSUREDEOHPHQWXWLOLV«H 42 FIG. 15 Châteauneuf-sur-Isère/Beaume : bâtiment A, pans de murs rubéfiés effondrés. 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Références bibliographiques : sexe Bruzek 1991 ; Bruzek et al. 1996 ; âge sutural Masset 1982 ; ilium Lovejoy et al. 1985a ; pubis Brooks, Suchey 1990 ; clavicule Szilvàssy 1980. b 2.3.2 Estimation de l’âge au décès des adultes et des immatures 2.3.2.1 Introduction méthodologique 27 /DV«ULHVHFRPSRVHGHYLQJWHWXQDGXOWHVHWGHWURLVLPPDWXUHV/DJUDQGHYDUL«W«GHV P«WKRGHVXWLOLV«HVSRXUOɛHVWLPDWLRQGHOɛ¤JHDXG«FªVHWOɛLQ«JDOLW«GHOHXUILDELOLW« QRXV  LQYLWHQW  ¢  SU«VHQWHU  HW  ¢  DUJXPHQWHU  FHOOHV  TXH  QRXV  DYRQV  UHWHQXHVb  FHV GLIILFXOW«VH[FXVHURQWFHWWHSU«VHQWDWLRQXQSHXORQJXH 62 28 ,O  HVW  WUªV  GLIILFLOH  GɛDSSURFKHU  Oɛ¤JH  LQGLYLGXHO  DX  G«FªV  GHV  DGXOWHV  ¢  SDUWLU  GX VTXHOHWWH /HV LQGLFDWHXUV TXH QRXV XWLOLVRQV QɛRQW SDV GH FRHIILFLHQW GH FRUU«ODWLRQ VXS«ULHXURX«JDO¢bYDOHXUTXLUHSU«VHQWHOHVHXLOPLQLPXPSRXUTXHOɛ¤JHHVWLP« UHIOªWHOɛ¤JHU«HO %RFTXHW$SSHO0DVVHWb 3RXUFHTXLFRQFHUQHSDUH[HPSOHOHV VXWXUHVFU¤QLHQQHVLOH[LVWHXQFHUWDLQQRPEUHGɛHUUHXUVV\VW«PDWLTXHVTXLELDLVHQWOHV U«VXOWDWV  0DVVHWbb   /D SOXSDUW GHV DXWUHV P«WKRGHV IRQG«HV VXU FHUWDLQV FDUDFWªUHVG«J«Q«UDWLIVSU«VHQWHQWGHVLQWHUYDOOHVGHFRQILDQFHEHDXFRXSWURS«WHQGXV SRXUTXHOHVU«VXOWDWVDLHQWXQVHQVRXIRQWDSSHO¢GHVFULWªUHVGRQWOɛDSSU«FLDWLRQ UHVWHODUJHPHQWVXEMHFWLYH'HSOXVODYDULDELOLW«LQGLYLGXHOOHHQPDWLªUHGHV«QHVFHQFH VHPEOH  WUªV  LPSRUWDQWH  GHV  VXMHWV  UHODWLYHPHQW  MHXQHV  SRXYDQW  SU«VHQWHU  GHV FDUDFWªUHVG«J«Q«UDWLIVFRPPHOɛRQWPRQWU«GHV«WXGHVU«DOLV«HVVXUGHVVTXHOHWWHV GRQW  Oɛ¤JH  DX  G«FªV  «WDLW  FRQQX  $GDP  HW  DO b     2Q  HVWLPH  DORUV  WRXW QDWXUHOOHPHQW  TXH  OHV  P«WKRGHV  PXOWLYDUL«HV  RIIUHQW  SOXV  GH  FKDQFHV  GɛREWHQLU  XQ U«VXOWDWDYRLVLQDQWODU«DOLW« /RYHMR\HWDOD ELHQTXɛHQIDLWWRXWHVVɛDSSXLHQWVXU XQSK«QRPªQHXQLTXHTXLVHWUDGXLWSDUXQSURFHVVXVG\QDPLTXHGRQWODSURJUHVVLRQ HVWQDWXUHOOHVXUOɛHQVHPEOHGXVTXHOHWWH 29 1«DQPRLQV  QRXV  DYRQV  FKRLVL  GH  FRQIURQWHU  SOXVLHXUV  FULWªUHV  WDEO  ,,   )DXWH  GH PR\HQV  HW  FRPSWH  WHQX  GHV  GRPPDJHV  TXɛHOOH  HQWUD°QH  VXU  OHV  RV  OD  P«WKRGH  GLWH mbFRPSOH[Hb}GHVDQWKURSRORJXHVWFKªTXHVD«W««FDUW«H 1HPHVNHULHWDO /ɛ«WDW HWOɛXVXUHGHQWDLUHWURSFRUU«O«VDXU«JLPHDOLPHQWDLUHHWDXVXEVWUDWK«U«GLWDLUHQɛRQW SDV  «W«  SULV  HQ  FRPSWH  QRQ  SOXV  1RXV  DYRQV  SULYLO«JL«  OH  GHJU«  GɛREOLW«UDWLRQ  GHV VXWXUHV  FU¤QLHQQHV  0DVVHWb   OD  VXUIDFH  V\PSK\VDLUH  GH  OɛRV  SXELV  %URRNV 6XFKH\b FHOOHGHOD]RQHDXULFXODLUHGHOɛLOLXP /RYHMR\HWDOE HWFHOOHGH OɛH[WU«PLW«  VWHUQDOH  GH  OD  FODYLFXOH  6]LOY¢VV\b   /ɛHVWLPDWLRQ  WLHQW  FRPSWH  GH  OD WHQGDQFHREVHUY«H¢SDUWLUGHWRXVOHVFULWªUHVVDFKDQWTXɛLOVSRVHQWLQGLYLGXHOOHPHQW GHQRPEUHX[SUREOªPHVP«WKRGRORJLTXHVbRQQɛHQGRQQHUDTXɛXQH[HPSOHFHOXLGHOD IDLEOH  FRUU«ODWLRQ  TXɛRIIUH  OD  V\PSK\VH  SXELHQQH  DYHF  Oɛ¤JH  FRPSWH  WHQX  GH  OD YDULDELOLW«  ELRORJLTXH  TXL  DXJPHQWH  FKH]  OHV  VXMHWV  ¤J«V  HW  GH  OD  P«WDPRUSKRVH DFF«O«U«HTXɛHOOHFRQQD°WFKH]ODIHPPH 0HLQGO/RYHMR\b  30 /ɛHVWLPDWLRQGHOɛ¤JHDXG«FªV¢SDUWLUGHVVXWXUHVFU¤QLHQQHVSHXW¬WUHFDOFXO«HGH GHX[PDQLªUHVFKDFXQHRIIUDQWXQHSHUVSHFWLYHGLII«UHQWH 0DVVHWb /DSUHPLªUHɘ U«JUHVVLRQV SRO\QRPLDOHV GX VHFRQG GHJU« GH mbOɛ¤JH PR\HQb} HQ IRQFWLRQ GX GHJU« GɛREOLW«UDWLRQ  GHV  VXWXUHV  FU¤QLHQQHVɘ  D  SRXU  REMHFWLI  GɛHVWLPHU  Oɛ¤JH  LQGLYLGXHO  DX G«FªVbHOOHXWLOLVHGɛXQHSDUWOHVVXWXUHVLQWHUQHVHWGɛDXWUHSDUWOHVVXWXUHVH[WHUQHVɘ OHVSUHPLªUHV«YROXDQWPRLQVYLWHɘHWSHUPHWGɛDSSURFKHUmbOɛ¤JHPR\HQPLQLPXPb}HW mbOɛ¤JHPR\HQPD[LPXPb}GHOɛLQGLYLGXDXPRPHQWGHVRQG«FªV/DVHFRQGHFRQVLVWH¢ DSSOLTXHUGHVYHFWHXUVGHSUREDELOLW«DXGHJU«GɛREOLW«UDWLRQGHVVXWXUHVH[RFU¤QLHQQHV HWHQGRFU¤QLHQQHV¢SDUWLUGHWDEOHVFRQVWUXLWHV¢OɛDLGHGɛXQHSRSXODWLRQGHU«I«UHQFH VWDQGDUGLV«HRXGRQWOɛHVS«UDQFHGHYLH¢ODQDLVVDQFHHVWFRQQXH2QREWLHQWQRQSDV Oɛ¤JH  LQGLYLGXHO  DX  G«FªV  PDLV  OD  VWUXFWXUH  SDU  ¤JH  GH  OD  SRSXODWLRQ  TXL  FRQIURQWH Oɛ«FKDQWLOORQDUFK«RORJLTXH¢XQHSRSXODWLRQWK«RULTXHODVLWXDWLRQGHFKDTXHLQGLYLGX GDQVFKDTXHFODVVHGɛ¤JHQɛ«WDQWSDVU«HOOH&HWWHP«WKRGHQ«FHVVLWHXQFHUWDLQHIIHFWLI DILQTXHQRWUHHQVHPEOHGɛLQGLYLGXVQHVXELVVHSDVXQHDWWUDFWLRQSDUODSRSXODWLRQGH U«I«UHQFH  ‚  %HDXPH  VHXOV  TXDWRU]H  VXMHWV  SU«VHQWHQW  VXIILVDPPHQW  GH  VHJPHQWV VXWXUDX[SRXUSRXYRLU¬WUHXWLOLV«VFHTXLHVWUHODWLYHPHQWSHXbFHIDLEOHHIIHFWLIQRXV FRQGXLW  ¢  LQWURGXLUH  OH  SDUDPªWUH  GH  OɛLQIOXHQFH  GH  OD  SRSXODWLRQ  WK«RULTXH  GDQV OɛLQWHUSU«WDWLRQGHQRVU«VXOWDWVFRPPHRQOHYHUUDFLGHVVRXV 63 31 /ɛ¤JH  DX  G«FªV  GHV  VXMHWV  LPPDWXUHV  HVW  HVWLP«  SDU  OɛLGHQWLILFDWLRQ  GHV  VWDGHV  GH FURLVVDQFH  RVVHXVH  ORQJXHXUV  GLDSK\VDLUHV  HW  PDWXUDWLRQb  %LUNQHUb  HW  SDU  OD PDWXUDWLRQ  GHQWDLUH  WDEO  ,,,   /¢  HQFRUH  OD  YDULDELOLW«  LQGLYLGXHOOH  HQ  PDWLªUH  GH FURLVVDQFHDERXWLW¢XQHDXJPHQWDWLRQGHVLQWHUYDOOHVGHFRQILDQFHSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQW GDQV  OHV  FODVVHV  Gɛ¤JH  OHV  SOXV  ¤J«HV  'ɛDXWUH  SDUW  OD  ILDELOLW«  GHV  SRSXODWLRQV  GH U«I«UHQFHQɛHVWSDVWRXMRXUVDVVXU«HHWDXFXQHQɛXWLOLVHGHVFULWªUHVTXLVRLHQWFRUU«O«V HQWUHHX[1RXVDYRQVXWLOLV«OHVU«I«UHQFHVDFWXHOOHPHQWFRQVLG«U«HVFRPPHOHVPRLQV PDXYDLVHVFHOOHGH5,6XQGLFN  SRXUOHVORQJXHXUVGLDSK\VDLUHVHWFHOOHVGH &)$0RRUUHHV($)DQQLQJHW((+XQW 0RRUUHHVHWDODbE HWGH,6FKRXU HW00DVVOHU  SRXUODPDWXUDWLRQGHQWDLUH TABL. 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PHPEUHLQI«ULHXUHQURWDWLRQH[WHUQHHWDGGXFWLRQ VXMHWbbILJ  FIG. 27 Châteauneuf-sur-Isère/Beaume : épiphysiolyse de la hanche, squelette 31. b 2.4.3 Arthroses et phénomènes dégénératifs 51 /ɛDUWKURVHHVWXQHSDWKRORJLHG«J«Q«UDWLYHGXVTXHOHWWHVHWUDGXLVDQWSDUXQHXVXUH FDUWLODJLQHXVH  XQ  UHPDQLHPHQW  RVVHX[  DYHF  SURGXFWLRQ  GɛH[FURLVVDQFHV 68 S«ULDUWLFXODLUHV6HXOVOHVVWDGHV«YROX«VGHODPDODGLHODLVVHQWOHXUHPSUHLQWHVXUOH VTXHOHWWH(OOHHVWFRUU«O«H¢Oɛ¤JHPDLVDXVVL¢GHVIDFWHXUVJ«Q«WLTXHVP«WDEROLTXHVHW P«FDQLTXHV(OOHSHXW¬WUHSULPLWLYHRXVHFRQGDLUH¢XQHDXWUHFDXVH WUDXPDWLVPH  52 ,OIDXWJDUGHU¢OɛHVSULWTXɛXQHIU«TXHQFH«OHY«HGHSDWKRORJLHG«J«Q«UDWLYHGDQVXQ «FKDQWLOORQ«YRTXHDYDQWWRXWXQHHVS«UDQFHGHYLH¢YLQJWDQVSOXV«OHY«H &UXE«]\HW DO  b 2.4.3.1 Arthrose cervicale 53 &ODVVLTXHPHQWGɛXQHH[WU¬PHEDQDOLW«¢SDUWLUGHbbDQVODGLVFDUWKURVHSU«GRPLQH VXUOHV«WDJHVLQI«ULHXUV&&bHW&&VHPDQLIHVWDQWSDUXQDIIDLVVHPHQWGLVFDOHW XQHRVW«RSK\WRVHDQW«ULHXUHDFFRPSDJQ«HRXQRQGɛXQHDWWHLQWHGHOɛDUFSRVW«ULHXU TXLHOOHP¬PHSHXW¬WUHLVRO«H/ɛXQFDUWKURVHHVWVRXYHQWDVVRFL«H/ɛDUWKURVHFHUYLFDOH HVW  VRXYHQW  SHX  V\PSWRPDWLTXH  ‚  OɛLQYHUVH  HOOH  SHXW  VH  FRPSOLTXHU  GH  Q«YUDOJLHV FHUYLFREUDFKLDOHV  H[WU¬PHPHQW  GRXORXUHXVHV  DYHF  G«ILFLW  QHXURORJLTXH  /ɛDUWKURVH LQWHUDSRSK\VDLUHSRVW«ULHXUHLQW«UHVVHVXUWRXWOHVHJPHQWVXS«ULHXUb&&&& 54 6L[  UDFKLV  VXU  QHXI  UDFKLV  FHUYLFDX[  H[SORLWDEOHV  GDQV  QRWUH  «WXGH  SU«VHQWHQW  GHV O«VLRQVFHUYLFDOHVGRQWGHX[«YROX«HVb ɢTXDWUHDUWKURVHVXQFLIRUPHVDYHFRXVDQVRVW«RSK\WRVHDQW«ULHXUHb ɢXQHGLVFRSDWKLH&&LQKDELWXHOOHFDUXQSHXKDXWHb ɢOHVXMHWbb ILJDE SU«VHQWHXQHDWWHLQWHFRUSRU«DOHHWGLVFDOHHQFHUYLFDOEDVPDLVXQH DWWHLQWH  DUWLFXODLUH  SRVW«ULHXUH  LQKDELWXHOOH  XQ  SHX  EDVVH  GH  &b¢  &  PDLV  VXUWRXW XQLODW«UDOH  WUªV  «YROX«H  GRQW  RQ  SHXW  SHQVHU  TXɛHOOH  QɛHVW  SDV  SULPLWLYHb  FDXVH WUDXPDWLTXHb" FIG. 28 Châteauneuf-sur-Isère/Beaume : arthrose cervicale, squelette 29. b 69 2.4.3.2 Arthrose thoracique 55 /D  GLVFDUWKURVH  GRUVDOH  HVW  DQDWRPLTXHPHQW  WUªV  IU«TXHQWH  PDLV  OH  SOXV  VRXYHQW DV\PSWRPDWLTXH  (OOH  VH  WUDGXLW  SDU  GHV  DIIDLVVHPHQWV  GLVFDX[  HW  XQH  RVW«RSK\WRVH DQW«URODW«UDOHHWFRQWULEXH¢ODF\SKRVHV«QLOH/HVUDGLFXODOJLHVVRQWUDUHV 56 6XUGRX]HUDFKLVH[DPLQDEOHVKXLWSU«VHQWHQWGHVVLJQHVGɛDUWKURVHOHSOXVVRXYHQW GLVFUHWV ILJ  FIG. 29 Châteauneuf-sur-Isère/Beaume : arthrose thoracique, squelette 51. 57 /HVXMHWbbSU«VHQWHGHVO«VLRQVDUWKURVLTXHV«WDJ«HVSOXVLPSRUWDQWHVDVVRFL«HV¢XQH K\SHURVWRVHDYHFG«J«Q«UHVFHQFHGLVFDOH 58 6XUOHVXMHWbODORFDOLVDWLRQDQW«URODW«UDOHGURLWHGHVO«VLRQVSRXUUDLW«JDOHPHQWIDLUH GLVFXWHUOHGLDJQRVWLFGɛK\SHURVWRVHTXLQɛHVWSDVFRQILUP«SDUOHVUDGLRJUDSKLHV b 2.4.3.3 Arthrose lombaire 59 /HVSK«QRPªQHVG«J«Q«UDWLIVFRQFHUQHQWHVVHQWLHOOHPHQWOHVGHX[GHUQLHUVHVSDFHV //bHW/6,OVVRQWWUªVIU«TXHQWVDSUªVWUHQWHDQV¢OɛRULJLQHGHOXPEDJRVDLJXVGH ORPEDOJLHVFKURQLTXHVGHVFLDWLTXHVSOXVUDUHPHQWGHSDUDO\VLHV/ɛDWWHLQWHGHOɛDUF SRVW«ULHXU  HVW  «JDOHPHQW  IU«TXHQWH  FKH]  OH  VXMHW  HQ  K\SHUORUGRVH  ¢  OD  VDQJOH 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/ɛDUWKURVHI«PRURURWXOLHQQHHVWWUªVIU«TXHQWH DSUªVTXDUDQWHDQVVXUWRXWFKH]ODIHPPH(OOHHVWSUHVTXHWRXMRXUVH[WHUQH FIG. 31 Châteauneuf-sur-Isère/Beaume : arthrose fémoro-patellaire, squelette 31. 66 'HX[  VXMHWV  OɛKRPPHbD  HW  OD  IHPPHbbSU«VHQWHQW  GHV  RVW«RSK\WHV  «YRTXDQW  XQH DUWKURVH  G«EXWDQWH  GH  OD  KDQFKH  ELODW«UDOH  GDQV  OH  SUHPLHU  FDV  FRW\OR±GLHQQH LQI«ULHXUH  JDXFKH  GDQV  OH  VHFRQG  ,O  Qɛ\  D  SDV  GH  SROLVVDJH  DUWLFXODLUH  FHV  O«VLRQV SRXYDQW¬WUHOHVLPSOHIDLWGXYLHLOOLVVHPHQW&HVDUWKURVHVGHKDQFKHVɛREVHUYHQWHQ J«Q«UDODSUªVTXDUDQWHDQVIU«TXHQWHVGDQVOHVGHX[VH[HV'DQVODPRLWL«GHVFDVHOOHV VRQWSULPLWLYHVGDQVOɛDXWUHPRLWL«HOOHVVRQWDVVRFL«HV¢XQHG\VPRUSKLHGHKDQFKH 67 /HVVTXHOHWWHVGHVSLHGVVRQW«JDOHPHQWWUªVODFXQDLUHV 68 8Q  VXMHW  PDVFXOLQ  SU«VHQWH  XQ  RVW«RSK\WH  GX  WDOXV  W«PRLQ  GɛXQH  DUWKURVH  VRXV DVWUDJDOLHQQHV«TXHOOHGɛXQWUDXPDWLVPH HQWRUVH RXGɛXQWURXEOHVWDWLTXH SLHGSODW YDOJXV HWXQDXWUH I«PLQLQ XQHRVVLILFDWLRQGHODJRXWWLªUHGHVS«URQQLHUVODW«UDX[ 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QɛHVWSDV«WDEOL¢SUR[LPLW«GɛXQHFKDSHOOHHWUHVWHHQGHKRUVGHVFDGUHVDGPLQLVWUDWLIV GHOɛ‹JOLVHGRQWOHU«VHDXSDURLVVLDOQɛHVWSDVHQFRUHWUªVGHQVH,FLFɛHVWOHE¤WLSHXW ¬WUHDORUVHQUXLQHPDLVPDUTXDQWWRXMRXUVOHSD\VDJHTXLDSXSU«VLGHUDXFKRL[GH OɛHPSODFHPHQWGHVV«SXOWXUHV/HVWRPEHVSHXYHQW¬WUHFHOOHVGHTXHOTXHVKDELWDQWVGX VLWHRXU«VLGDQWSOXVORLQPDLVHQFRUHDWWDFK«V¢FHW«WDEOLVVHPHQWDEDQGRQQ« 29  NOTES 1.ɘb/ɛRS«UDWLRQGHVDXYHWDJHDUFK«RORJLTXHD«W«FRQGXLWHSDUXQH«TXLSHGHTXDWUHSHUVRQQHV GLULJ«HSDU35«WKRU« $IDQ (OOHD«W«U«DOLV«HHQGHX[«WDSHVbXQHLQWHUYHQWLRQGHGLDJQRVWLF SXLVXQH«YDOXDWLRQFRPSO«PHQWDLUH/ɛHQVHPEOHDGXU«bbPRLVHWGHPLHWDSHUPLVOɛRXYHUWXUHGX WHUUDLQVXUbPbHWODIRXLOOH«FKDQWLOORQQ«HGHVVWUXFWXUHV AUTEUR PASCALE RETHORÉ $UFK«RORJXHDQWLTXLVWHFKDUJ«HGɛ«WXGHVHWGHUHFKHUFKHV¢Oɛ,QUDS 152 &KDSLWUHb/HJLVHPHQWGHV 7UHLOD\HV /D5RFKHVXU*UDQH 'U¶PH Isabelle Rémy b 7.1 Introduction 1 /HVLWHGU¶PRLVGHV7UHLOD\HVHVWORFDOLV«DXQRUGGHODFRPPXQHGH/D5RFKHVXU *UDQHHQEDVGHODSHQWHGɛXQSODWHDXHQXQOLHXR»OHWUDF«GX7*9HPSUXQWHXQ YLDGXFHQMDPEDQWODYDOO«HGHOD*UHQHWWH,OHVWHQS«ULSK«ULHGɛXQFDVWUXP 2 /ɛ«YDOXDWLRQ  DUFK«RORJLTXH  HQ  G«SLW  GɛXQ  DVVH]  PDXYDLV  «WDW  GH  FRQVHUYDWLRQ  GHV YHVWLJHVDSHUPLVGHPHWWUHHQ«YLGHQFHGHX[SKDVHVGɛRFFXSDWLRQ/DSUHPLªUHHVW LOOXVWU«HSDUXQJUDQGIRVV«DFFRPSDJQ«GHVLORVGX ;,HV(OOHHVWVXLYLH¢ODILQGX 0R\HQ„JHSDUOHU«DP«QDJHPHQWGHOɛHVSDFHHQWHUUDVVHVFXOWLY«HVYHVWLJHVHQFRUH UDUHVHWSU«FLHX[SRXUODFRQQDLVVDQFHGHOɛHQYLURQQHPHQWSD\VDJHUGDQVOD'U¶PH b 7.2 Cadre naturel et historique 3 /HVLWHVHWURXYH¢HQYLURQbbNPDXVXGRXHVWGH&UHVW ILJ ,OVHG«YHORSSHHQEDV GɛXQYDVWHSODWHDXGXP¬PHQRPDXSLHGGXYLOODJHSHUFK«GH/D5RFKHVXU*UDQH/H SODWHDXSU«VHQWHXQSODQRYDOHU«JXOLHUDSSUR[LPDWLYHPHQWRULHQW«6(12ERUG«GH UHOLHIVDEUXSWV¢OɛHVWHW¢OɛRXHVW,OVɛLQVªUHGDQVXQHERXFOHTXHIRUPHHQFHOLHXOD FRQIOXHQFHHQWUHOD*UHQHWWHHWOHUXLVVHDXGX&RORPEHW/ɛHQVHPEOHGXUHOLHIVXLWXQH IDLEOHSHQWHTXLVɛDFFHQWXHHQEDVGXSODWHDXVXUXQ«WUDQJOHPHQWHWTXLVHSURORQJH HQILQHQSHQWHGRXFHMXVTXɛDX[FRXUVGɛHDX/DSDUFHOOHVRQG«HVHWURXYHVXUOɛDYDQF«H 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FIG. 57 La Roche-sur-Grane/Les Treilayes : vue tridimensionnelle du plateau. Le terrain représenté mesure 800 x 800 m. Le tracé blanc rectangulaire au nord encadre la zone de fouilles (reconstitution réalisée en image de synthèse à partir des courbes de niveau du plateau et d’une photo aérienne). 4 /HIRUWSHQGDJHTXLPDUTXHOHUHOLHIQɛHVWSDVVDQVFRQV«TXHQFHVXUODIRUPDWLRQGHV VROVFRQVWLWX«VSRXUOɛHVVHQWLHOGɛ«SDLVG«S¶WVGɛDOOXYLRQVG«SRV«VSDUOHVFRXUVGɛHDX VXUOHVTXHOVSUHQQHQWSODFHOHVQLYHDX[DUFK«RORJLTXHVUHFRXYHUWV¢OHXUWRXUSDUGHV 154 QDSSHVGHFROOXYLRQVSURYHQDQWGXKDXWGXSODWHDX&HVJOLVVHPHQWVRQWHQWUD°Q«XQH IRUWH«URVLRQGHVGLYHUVW«PRLQVDUFK«RORJLTXHVVRLWIRUWHPHQWWURQTX«VVRLWSL«J«V GDQVOHVVWUXFWXUHVHQFUHX[ 5 /HVFRQQDLVVDQFHVKLVWRULTXHVFRQFHUQDQWOɛHQYLURQQHPHQWSURFKHDX0R\HQ„JHVH U«VXPHQW¢TXHOTXHVPHQWLRQVFRQFHUQDQWOHFDVWUXPGH/D5RFKHVXU*UDQH %RLVb HW¢TXHOTXHVG«FRXYHUWHVIRUWXLWHVIDLWHV¢OɛRFFDVLRQGHVSURVSHFWLRQVS«GHVWUHVPDLV TXLFRQFHUQHQWHVVHQWLHOOHPHQWOD3U«KLVWRLUHHWOɛ$QWLTXLW« WUDFHVDJUDLUHV  6 /DSUHPLªUHPHQWLRQGXFDVWUXPUHOHY«H 5XSSLVSURSUH*UDQDPb,QYHQWDLUH&KDPEUHGHV &RPSWHV 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8QYDVWHIRVV«GRQWOHVGLYHUVFRPEOHPHQWVLVVXVGHFROOXYLRQQHPHQWFRQWLHQQHQWGHV «O«PHQWVF«UDPLTXHVGDW«VGHV ;,H;,,HVFDUDFW«ULVHODSUHPLªUHRFFXSDWLRQGXVLWH 7URLVIRVVHVELHQTXHQRQGDW«HVOXLVRQWDVVRFL«HV ILJ  155 FIG. 58 La Roche-sur-Grane/Les Treilayes : plan et coupes des fosses et fossés. b 7.3.1 Les fosses-silos 9 7URLVIRVVHVVLORVVRQWDSSDUXHVGDQVODSDUWLHRULHQWDOHGHODSDUFHOOH/HVVWUXFWXUHV LQFRPSOªWHV  ɘHOOHV  VRQW  WURQTX«HV  VXU  HQYLURQbbGH  OD  SURIRQGHXUɘ  GHVVLQHQW  XQ SURILO  SLULIRUPH  /HV  GLDPªWUHV  PD[LPDX[  YDULHQW  HQWUHbbHWbbP  SRXU  XQH SURIRQGHXU  FRQVHUY«H  HQWUH  bHWbbP  /HV  FRPEOHPHQWV  VWUDWLIL«V  HW  GH  QDWXUH FROOXYLDOHVHVRQWG«SRV«VDSUªVOɛDEDQGRQGHVVWUXFWXUHVGHVWRFNDJH b 7.3.2 Le fossé 10 ,OHVWRULHQW«YHUVOHVXGG«YLHHQVXLWHO«JªUHPHQWYHUVOɛHVW¢PLSHQWHSXLV¢QRXYHDX HVWRULHQW«SOHLQVXGJURVVRPRGRGDQVOHVHQVGHODSHQWH6RQWUDF«VXLYLVXUbbP IRUPHXQHOLPLWHTXLFHLQWXQUHSODWDXQRUGHVWERUG«DXQRUGSDUODIDODLVHGRPLQDQW OHFRXUVGHOD*UHQHWWH6RQLQWHUSU«WDWLRQHQWDQWTXHVWUXFWXUHIRVVR\«HGHVWLQ«H¢ SURW«JHUVRLWXQKDELWDWVRLWOHVVWUXFWXUHVDJUDLUHVUHSRVHVXUSOXVLHXUVDUJXPHQWVPLV HQ«YLGHQFHSDUVRQ«WXGH 11 7RXWGɛDERUGVHVGLPHQVLRQVVRQWDVVH]UHPDUTXDEOHVbOHVSOXVLPSRUWDQWHVVRQWGH OɛRUGUH  GHbb¢bbP  GH  SURIRQGHXU  PD[LPXP  FRQVHUY«  SRXU  GHV  ODUJHXUV GHbb¢bbP  ODUJHXUV  SU«VXP«HV   &HV  HVWLPDWLRQV  VRQW  SUREDEOHPHQW  PLQRU«HV  QRQ VHXOHPHQWHQUDLVRQGHODIRUWH«URVLRQVXELHSDUOHVVWUXFWXUHVVXUOHVLWHPDLVDXVVL GHVFXUDJHVVXFFHVVLIVLQK«UHQWV¢OɛKLVWRLUHGHVIRVV«V'HSOXVOHVSURILOVDGRSW«VVRQW LUU«JXOLHUVbLOVGHVVLQHQWLQGLII«UHPPHQWXQSURILOHQ8HQ9RXHQHQWRQQRLU3HXW ¬WUH  GRLWRQ  LPDJLQHU  GDQV  OHV  GHX[  GHUQLHUV  FDV  GHV  SLHX[  ILFK«V  GDQV  OH  IRVV« DUJXPHQWDQWHQIDYHXUGɛXQHYRFDWLRQG«IHQVLYH(QILQGDQVOHVG«S¶WVVXS«ULHXUVGX 156 FRPEOHPHQWODSU«VHQFHQRQQ«JOLJHDEOHGHIUDJPHQWVGHWRUFKLVDYHFHPSUHLQWHVGH FOD\RQQDJHWHQG¢IDLUHSHQVHUTXHOHIRVV««WDLWSDOLVVDG«7RXWHIRLVDXFXQWURXGH SLTXHWQɛDSX¬WUHPLVHQ«YLGHQFH$XVVLGRLWRQDXVVLUHWHQLUOɛK\SRWKªVHTXHFHV 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/HVVROXWLRQVDGRSW«HVSRXUODFRQVHUYDWLRQGHVDOLPHQWVVRQWPXOWLSOHV/ɛXWLOLVDWLRQ FRQMRLQWHGɛXQFRIIUHHQERLVGHSRWVGHWHUUHHWGHIRVVHVHQW«PRLJQH b Le coffre et le pot de stockage 59 /HFRIIUHHQRUPHD«W«G«JDJ«GDQVODSDUWLHQRUGHVWGHODFDEDQH ILJ ,OHVW LQVWDOO« VXU OH UHSODW DP«QDJ« GDQV OɛH[FDYDWLRQ OHV SLHGV SRV«V GLUHFWHPHQW VXU OH JUDYLHU  TXL  RIIUH  XQH  VXUIDFH  SOXV  VROLGH  TXH  OH  SODQFKHU  VXU  YLGH  VDQLWDLUH  ,O  HVW FRQVHUY«  VXU  XQH  KDXWHXU  PR\HQQH  GHbbP  HW  GDQV  XQ  «WDW  GH  FRQVHUYDWLRQ VXIILVDPPHQW  ERQ  SRXU  OD  FRPSU«KHQVLRQ  GH  VRQ  DUFKLWHFWXUH  ,O  PHVXUHbbP  GH ODUJHVXUbbPGHORQJXHXU,OHVWFRQVWLWX«GHSODQFKHV«SDLVVHVGHbbFPDVVHPEO«HV¢ TXHXHGɛDURQGH¢XQE¤WLGHTXDWUHPRQWDQWVGHVHFWLRQFDUU«HɘGRQWVHXOVGHX[VRQW FRQVHUY«V GHbb[bbFP HWbb[bbFPɘ IRUPDQW SLHGV /HVbSODQFKHV FRQVWLWXDQW OH IRQG PHVXUHQWHQPR\HQQHbb¢bPHWQHVHPEOHQWSDVERXYHW«HV(OOHVUHSRVHQWVXU XQHIHXLOOXUHP«QDJ«HGDQVOɛ«SDLVVHXUGHVTXDWUHSODQFKHVYHUWLFDOHV$XFXQFORXQL 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DUDEOHVHVXSHUSRVHQWGHX[FRXFKHVUHPDQL«HVDLQVLTXɛXQQLYHDXGɛ«SDQGDJHVRXV MDFHQW  GH  S«ULRGH  KLVWRULTXH  UHFHODQW  TXHOTXHV  IUDJPHQWV  GH  WXLOHV  &HV  VWUDWHV UHFRXYUHQWOHVYHVWLJHVGɛXQHVWUXFWXUHGHFXLVVRQLVRO«HDVVRFL«H¢TXHOTXHVIUDJPHQWV GHF«UDPLTXHVDWWULEXDEOHVDX 9,,HRXDX 9,,,HVGHQRWUHªUH,OQɛHVWSDVSRVVLEOHGH SU«FLVHUVLODYRLHDQWLTXH«WDLWHQFRUHHQXVDJHDXKDXW0R\HQ„JHHWVLOHVGHX[IRVV«V VRQWFRQWHPSRUDLQV'DQVOHVQLYHDX[VXS«ULHXUVUHPDQL«V FRXFKHVbbHWb ODSU«VHQFH GHIUDJPHQWVGHWXLOHVW«PRLJQHGHODSUR[LPLW«GɛXQE¤WLDQWLTXHSUREDEOHPHQWXQ «WDEOLVVHPHQWUXUDOGHSODLQH b 9.2 Une structure de cuisson originale 4 &ɛHVW  XQH  VROH  GH  FXLVVRQ  TXL  FRQVWLWXH  OH  SULQFLSDO  W«PRLJQDJH  GH  OɛRFFXSDWLRQ P«GL«YDOH ILJbVWUXFWXUHb ,OVɛDJLWGɛXQDP«QDJHPHQWGHSODQFLUFXODLUHGHbbP GH  GLDPªWUH  U«DOLV«  SDU  DJHQFHPHQW  GH  IUDJPHQWV  GH  WHJXODH HW  Gɛ LPEULFHV 187 VRLJQHXVHPHQWGLVSRV«V¢SODWHWMRLQWLIV ILJ$ TXLIRUPHQWOHVRXEDVVHPHQWGH ODVROHGRQWOHSURILOO«JªUHPHQWFRQFDYHU«VXOWHGHVRQLQVWDOODWLRQGDQVXQHFXYHWWH 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A soubassement de la sole, aménagement inférieur de tegulae et dalles ; B plan au niveau de la sole et coupe de la structure de cuisson et aménagement de blocs au nord. FIG. 71 Mondragon/Les Ribauds : sole de cuisson médiévale, vue du nord (structure 1). 5 'LVSRV«V DX QRUG FRQWUH OD VWUXFWXUH FLUFXODLUH GHV «O«PHQWV GH JUªV ILQ TXHOTXHV GDOOHV¢SODWHWTXDWUHSHWLWHVSLHUUHVSODWHVGLVSRV«HVGHFKDQWGHID©RQ¢FRPEOHUXQ LQWHUVWLFH«YRTXHQWXQDFFªV¢ODVROHGHFXLVVRQ ILJ ‚FHGHUQLHUDP«QDJHPHQW 189 «WDLHQWDVVRFL«VXQV«GLPHQWQRLUFKDUERQQHX[ FRXFKHb HWXQ«SDQGDJHGLIIXVGH SHWLWVEORFVHWGHIUDJPHQWVGHWHJXODH,OVHPEOHTXHFHWWH]RQHFKDUERQQHXVHSXLVVH ¬WUHLQWHUSU«W«HFRPPHOHUHOLTXDWGɛXQIR\HUHQSODFHSDUWLHOOHPHQWG«VWUXFWXU« ILJ %  /D VLWXDWLRQ GH FH IR\HU FRQWUH OD VROH SRXUUDLW LQGLTXHU XQ PRGH GH FXLVVRQ LQGLUHFWDYHFWUDQVPLVVLRQGHODFKDOHXU¢ODVWUXFWXUHSDUFHWDFFªV2QQHSHXWSDV WRWDOHPHQWH[FOXUHGXIDLWGHODIRUWH«URVLRQRXDUDVHPHQWGHODVWUXFWXUHTXHOHV SHWLWV  EORFV  GH  FHWWH  ]RQH  SXLVVHQW  FRUUHVSRQGUH  HQ  SDUWLH  ¢  OɛHIIRQGUHPHQW Gɛ«YHQWXHOOHV«O«YDWLRQVPDLVDXFXQLQGLFHGHFORLVRQRXGHYR½WHQɛD«W«REVHUY«(Q RXWUHOHV«GLPHQWFKDUERQQHX[SHXWU«VXOWHUGXJOLVVHPHQWGHU«VLGXVGHFRPEXVWLRQ 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ILJbQRb GHIRUPHYDULDQWH$bFPGHGLDPªWUH/DS¤WHVDEOHXVHGH WHLQWHJULVH¢OɛRULJLQHFRPPHOHPRQWUHOHFüXUGHVFDVVXUHVGDQVODSDUWLHODSOXV «SDLVVH  D  VXEL  XQH  UHFXLVVRQ  R[\GDQWH  GRQQDQW  DX  WHVVRQ  XQH  WHLQWH  URVH  RUDQJ« «TXLYDOHQWH¢FHOOHGHVWXLOHV¢OɛH[FHSWLRQGXEDQGHDXQRLUFL¢OɛH[W«ULHXU 10 ɘbbERUG ILJbQRb GHIRUPHYDULDQWH$bFPGHGLDPªWUH/DS¤WHHVWVDEOHXVH JULV¢JULVIRQF«HQVXUIDFHHWGDQVOHVFDVVXUHV 190 FIG. 72 Mondragon/Les Ribauds : céramiques du haut Moyen Âge (couches 22 et 23). b Couche 23 11 ɘbbIUDJPHQWVGHSDQVHVGRQWOɛ«SDLVVHXUGHbb¢bbPPSHXWDWWHLQGUHbb¢bbPPSRXUOD SDUWLHGHFHUWDLQVIUDJPHQWVVLWX«HYHUVODEDVHGHVYDVHV¢SUR[LPLW«GXIRQGbOHVUDLHV GH  WRXUQDJH  VRQW  SOXV  RX  PRLQV  PDUTX«HV  OHV  VHFWLRQV  SDUIRLV  RQGXO«HV  /HV  S¤WHV VDEOHXVHVVRQWGHWHLQWHJULVH¢JULVEHLJHDYHFOɛH[W«ULHXUURV«VXUbbWHVVRQVUHFXLWV 12 ɘbbIUDJPHQWGHIRQGERPE««SDLVGHbb¢bbPPHWGɛXQGLDPªWUH«JDORXVXS«ULHXU ¢bbFP  SU«VHQWH  XQ  ERPEHPHQW  PDUTX«  «JDO  RX  VXS«ULHXU  ¢bbPP  /D  S¤WH  HVW VDEOHXVHGHWHLQWHJULVH¢JULVFODLU 13 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IDLEOHTXDQWLW«VXJJªUHQWOɛH[LVWHQFHGɛXQKDELWDWGDQVOHVHQYLURQV b 10.3 Deux fours 6 ‚SUR[LPLW«GHVIRVVHVGHX[IRXUVRQW«W«FRQVWUXLWVTXDVLPHQWOɛXQFRQWUHOɛDXWUH ILJ  ,OVVRQWE¤WLV¢ODPDQLªUHP«GL«YDOHWUDGLWLRQQHOOHSDUFUHXVHPHQWGDQVOHVROHW VHXOHOHXUEDVHHVWFRQVHUY«HVXUXQHYLQJWDLQHGHFHQWLPªWUHVGHKDXWHXU/DSDUWLH VXS«ULHXUH  D  GLVSDUX  ORUV  GHV  ODERXUV  SUDWLTX«V  ¢  Oɛ«SRTXH  PRGHUQH  VXU  OD  SDUFHOOH ILJb  196 FIG. 75 Roquemaure/Le Porge : détail des fours excavés. 7 /HVIRXUVVRQWVLPLODLUHVbLOVRIIUHQWXQGLDPªWUHLGHQWLTXHGHbbPHWVRQWOɛXQHW OɛDXWUHGHIDFWXUHVRPPDLUH,OVRQW«W«VLPSOHPHQWFUHXV«VGDQVOHWHUUDLQOLPRQHX[ OHXUVVROHVQɛRQWSDVIDLWOɛREMHWGɛDP«QDJHPHQWSDUWLFXOLHUɘK«ULVVRQGHSLHUUHRXGH WXLOHDSSRUWGɛXQHFKDSHGɛDUJLOHɘFRPPHOHVIRXUVGXKDXW0R\HQ„JHFRQQXVGDQVOD U«JLRQ FIFKDSbHWb /ɛHQWU«HGXIRXURULHQWDOHVWDP«QDJ«HRXFRQVROLG«HSDUXQH V«ULHGHSLHUUHVSURIRQG«PHQWILFK«HVGDQVOHVXEVWUDWbULHQQHPDUTXHOɛHQWU«HGXIRXU RFFLGHQWDO/HVFRXYHUWXUHV«WDLHQWSUREDEOHPHQWHQG¶PHUXSHVWUHVFRQVWLWX«HVSDU «YLGHPHQWLQW«ULHXUHWFRQVROLG«HVSDUODUXE«IDFWLRQGªVOHVSUHPLªUHVFXLVVRQV 8 /HVGHX[IRXUV«WDLHQWDFFHVVLEOHVGHSXLVXQHIRVVHFHQGULHUFRPPXQHDX[FRQWRXUV IORXV  HW  GɛXQ  GLDPªWUH  GHbbP  HQYLURQ  &HOOHFL  VHUYDLW  «JDOHPHQW  ¢  OHXU  YLGDQJH  HW UHFHYDLWOHXUVFHQGUHV«YDFX«HVDXPRPHQWGHOɛHQIRXUQHPHQW3HQGDQWODFXLVVRQ OɛHQWU«HGXIRXU«WDLWREVWUX«HSDUGHVSLHUUHVbXQHPHXOHXWLOLV«H¢FHWWHILQD«W« UHWURXY«HHQSODFHGHYDQWOHIRXURULHQWDO 9 2QQHVDLWTXHOOH«WDLWODIRQFWLRQGHFHVVWUXFWXUHVGHFXLVVRQ*«Q«UDOHPHQWORUVTXɛRQ OHV  UHQFRQWUH  DX  VHLQ  GHV  DLUHV  GɛHQVLODJH  HOOHV  VRQW  VXSSRV«HV  ¬WUH  OL«HV  ¢  OD WRUU«IDFWLRQGHVF«U«DOHV *DUQLHU«WDObFIFKDSb TXDQGHOOHVVRQW¢SUR[LPLW« GHVKDELWDWVRQOHVFRQVLGªUHFRPPHIRXUV¢SDLQ &XLVLQLHU*DXGDJQLQbb ,FL ODSU«VHQFHGHJUDLQHVFDOFLQ«HVGDQVOHFRPEOHPHQWGHVIRXUVQHVXIILWSDV¢SURSRVHU XQHIRQFWLRQbJHVVHVRXYHVVHV JUDLQHVQRQLGHQWLIL«HV HWS«SLQGHUDLVLQVHWURXYDLHQW HQVLWXDWLRQVHFRQGDLUH 10 (QILQ  OHV  GHX[  VWUXFWXUHV  QH  VRQW  SHXW¬WUH  SDV  FRQWHPSRUDLQHV  (OOHV  RQW  SX 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SUREDEOHPHQWOL«¢XQ«WDEOLVVHPHQWDJULFROHPDLVQɛDSDVQ«FHVVDLUHPHQWXQHJUDQGH LPSRUWDQFH/HVVFRULHVSHXYHQWU«VXOWHUGHVSHWLWVWUDYDX[GɛHQWUHWLHQGHOɛRXWLOODJHHW GHODTXLQFDLOOHULH 14 'HOɛKDELWDWSURYLHQQHQW«JDOHPHQWbbSHVRQVWDLOO«VGDQVGHVWXLOHVHWLQGLFHVGɛXQH SUDWLTXHGXWLVVDJH ILJbQRVb GHVRVVHPHQWVDQLPDX[ QRQ«WXGL«V TXLVRQWGHV UHMHWVLOOXVWUDQWOɛDOLPHQWDWLRQFDUQ«HPDLVDXVVLVDQVGRXWHOɛ«OHYDJHHWHQILQGHOD YDLVVHOOHDYHFbbIUDJPHQWVGHYHUUHHWVXUWRXWGHVWHVVRQVGHSRWHULHVFXOLQDLUHV FIG. 76 Roquemaure/Le Porge : mobilier des fosses et des fours médiévaux du Porge. 1-8 vaisselle en céramique kaolinitique grise ; 9, 10 pesons en terre cuite ; 11 palet taillé dans un galet. 198 15 /H  PRELOLHU  LQGLTXH  OD  SU«VHQFH  GɛXQ  KDELWDW  GDQV  OɛHQYLURQQHPHQW  GHV  YHVWLJHV G«FRXYHUWV/DSDUFLPRQLHGHVREMHWVYLHQWSHXW¬WUHGHOɛ«ORLJQHPHQWUHODWLIGHFHOXL FLRXELHQGHVDWDLOOHU«GXLWHYRLUHHQFRUHGHVDFRXUWHGXU«HGɛRFFXSDWLRQ4XRLTXɛLO HQVRLWOHFDUDFWªUHDJULFROHGHOɛRFFXSDWLRQHVWDWWHVW« b 10.4.2 Indices de datation 16 /H  PRELOLHU  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GH Oɛ$OEDUHGR Gɛ¢ SHLQHbbNP 1RXV VRPPHV SHXW¬WUH LFL HQ SU«VHQFH GɛXQHH[SORLWDWLRQUXUDOHLVRO«HSDUWLFLSDQWGɛXQHRFFXSDWLRQGLVSHUV«HGDQVOHILQDJH GHOɛKDELWDWSULQFLSDO 0DQQLH]b  20  AUTEUR ANDRÉ RAUX $UFK«RORJXHSU«KLVWRULHQWHFKQLFLHQGHIRXLOOHV¢Oɛ,QUDS 200 &KDSLWUH9HVWLJHVGXKDXW 0R\HQ„JH¢&RGR\ªUHV 7DYHO *DUG Catherine Mercier et Catherine Monnet b 11.1 Introduction 1 8QHRS«UDWLRQGHGLDJQRVWLFDUFK«RORJLTXHD«W«PHQ«H¢OɛH[WU«PLW«RULHQWDOHGHOD FRPPXQH  GH  7DYHO  VXU  OD  ERUGXUH  QRUGHVW  GH  Oɛ«WDQJ  GH  3XMDXW  (OOH  D  SHUPLV  OD UHFRQQDLVVDQFHGHYHVWLJHV«SDUVGXKDXW0R\HQ„JHHWODPLVHDXMRXUGHPRELOLHUV GRPHVWLTXHV&HX[FLVHUDWWDFKHQW¢XQVLWHTXLQɛDSDV«W«LGHQWLIL«ɘSUREDEOHPHQWXQ KDELWDW  YRLVLQ  GH  Oɛ«WDQJɘ  QL  P¬PH  ORFDOLV«  /D  G«FRXYHUWH  WURS  OLPLW«H  SRXU  DYRLU VXVFLW«XQHIRXLOOHGHVDXYHWDJHDQ«DQPRLQVOɛLQW«U¬WGHW«PRLJQHUGɛXQHRFFXSDWLRQ GHV9,,H9,,,HV¢SUR[LPLW«GHOD]RQHKXPLGHHW¢TXHOTXHVFHQWDLQHVGHPªWUHVGHOD FKDSHOOHP«URYLQJLHQQH6DLQW$JULFROYHVWLJHGHOɛKDELWDWP«GL«YDOGɛ$OEDUHGR b 11.2 Le cadre géographique 2 /HVYHVWLJHVRQW«W«REVHUY«VDXVXGGHODEDUUHURFKHXVHOLPLWDQWOHPDVVLIGHOɛ$VSUH HQERUGXUHHW¢OɛLQW«ULHXUGHOɛDQFLHQ«WDQJGH3XMDXWG«ILQLWLYHPHQWDVV«FK«DX;9,,HV $'*b+b3RX]ROb >ILJ@‚bFHWHQGURLWOHVXEVWUDWHVWFRQVWLWX«¢ODEDVHGH V«GLPHQWV  FROOXYLDX[  ULFKHV  HQ  JDOHWV  LVVXV  GX  G«PDQWªOHPHQW  GHV  WHUUDVVHV TXDWHUQDLUHV9HUVOHVXGFHVG«S¶WVFRPSOH[HVVRQWVXUPRQW«VGHQLYHDX[DUJLOR OLPRQHX[¢FDUDFWªUHSDOXVWUHDFFXV« 201 FIG. 77 Tavel/Codoyères : localisation du site. b 11.3 Deux fosses médiévales 3 'HX[IRVVHVFRQVWLWXHQWOHVVHXOHVWUDFHVUHFRQQXHVGɛXQHRFFXSDWLRQP«GL«YDOHDX[ DERUGVGHOɛ«WDQJ&HVYHVWLJHVVRQWPDOFRQVHUY«V&UHXV«VGDQVOHVG«S¶WVODFXVWUHVLOV RQW  «W«  WURQTX«V  SDU  OHV  WUDYDX[  DJULFROHV  U«FHQWVb  ODERXUV  HW  SODQWDWLRQ  GH  YLJQH /ɛDEVHQFHHQFHSRLQWGHVDSSRUWVFROOXYLDX[LVVXVGXUHOLHISURFKH Oɛ$VSUH VXJJªUH FHSHQGDQWOHXUIRVVLOLVDWLRQORUVGHG«ERUGHPHQWV VDLVRQQLHUVb" GHOɛ«WDQJDYDQWVRQ DVVªFKHPHQW 4 /DSUHPLªUHIRVVHDWWHLQWbbPGHORQJVXUbbPGHODUJH ILJD (OOHHVWFRQVHUY«H VXUbbPGHSURIRQGHXU(OOHSU«VHQWHGHVERUGVWUªV«YDV«VXQIRQGLUU«JXOLHUHWXQ FRPEOHPHQWGHW\SHG«SRWRLUHQWURLVDSSRUWV/HSUHPLHUHVWXQHFRXFKHFHQGUHXVH GHbbP Gɛ«SDLVVHXU FRQWHQDQW GH QRPEUHX[ RV GH IDXQH EU½O«V /H VHFRQG HVW XQ FU¤QH  GH  FKHYDO  GLVSRV«  ¢  SODW  ¢  OɛKRUL]RQ  GX  SUHPLHU  FRPEOHPHQW  /H  WURLVLªPH FRQVLVWHHQXQP«ODQJHGHOLPRQVVDEOHX[HWGHFHQGUHVFRQWHQDQWSHXGɛRVVHPHQWV DQLPDX[EU½O«VHWGHVIUDJPHQWVGHF«UDPLTXH 202 FIG. 78 Tavel/Codoyères : détail des fosses, a fosse 1 ; b fosse 2. 5 /D  VHFRQGH  IRVVH  UHWURXY«H  ¢bbP  GH  OD  SU«F«GHQWH  HVW  XQH  VWUXFWXUH  SOXV  YDVWH GHbbPGHORQJVXUbbPGHODUJH(OOHHVWFRQVHUY«HVXUbbPGHSURIRQGHXUHW RIIUHGHVERUGVTXDVLPHQWYHUWLFDX[HWXQIRQGWUªVLUU«JXOLHU/HIRQGGHODVWUXFWXUHD «W«  FRXYHUW  GɛXQH  FRXFKH  GH  JDOHWV  GH  TXDUW]LWHV  EU½O«V  ɘXQH  FHQWDLQHɘ  HOOHP¬PH UHFRXYHUWHGɛXQHFRXFKHGHVDEOHVOLPRQHX[P¬O«V¢XQSHXGHFHQGUH ILJE 'HV WHVVRQV  GH  F«UDPLTXH  HW  GHV  RVVHPHQWV  RQW  «W«  UHWURXY«V  LQGLII«UHPPHQW  HQWUH  OHV JDOHWVHWGDQVOHOLPRQVDEOHX[ b 11.4 Les vestiges mobiliers 6 /HVRVVHPHQWVDQLPDX[YHVWLJHVDOLPHQWDLUHVGɛXQHRFFXSDWLRQYRLVLQHQɛRQWSDVIDLW OɛREMHW  GɛXQH  «WXGH  HW  QɛRQW  SDV  «W«  G«WHUPLQ«V  /HV  REMHWV  RXWUH  OD  YDLVVHOOH  HQ F«UDPLTXHQHVRQWUHSU«VHQW«VTXHSDUXQWHVVRQGHYHUUHXQFORXHQIHUHWXQSHVRQ DVVH]  ORXUG  WDLOO«  GDQV  XQH  WXLOH  /H  PRELOLHU  F«UDPLTXH  XQLTXHPHQW  FXOLQDLUH  HVW FRQVWLWX«  GH  GHX[  ORWV  GH  IUDJPHQWV  GH  SRWV  JOREXODLUHV  TXL  LOOXVWUHQW  XQH  FXLVLQH SULQFLSDOHPHQW  IDLWH  GH  SODWV  ERXLOOLV  6RQ  «WXGH  SHUPHW  HQ  RXWUH  GɛDSSU«KHQGHU  OD GDWDWLRQGHVYHVWLJHV b 11.4.1 La céramique de la fosse 1 7 /HVGHX[FRXFKHVGHODIRVVHbbRQWOLYU«bbWHVVRQVGHF«UDPLTXH¢S¤WHNDROLQLWLTXH GRQWbbERUGVb  bGH  W\SH  .DRO  $D  ¢  IDFH  H[WHUQH  HQ  SRXOLH  3\b   bGH  W\SH &DWKPDbD  bGH  W\SH  &DWKPDbE  bGH  W\SH  &DWKPDbG    DQVHV  GRQWbbUXEDQ«H  DX[ FDQQHOXUHVPDUTX«HV&HUWDLQVWHVVRQVSRUWDLHQWGHVG«FRUVGRQWbbRQW«W«LQYHQWRUL«Vb 203 bPROOHWWHV  UDQJV  GH  E¤WRQQHWV  VXSHUSRV«V  GRQW  XQH  DVVRFL«H  DX  ERUGbE 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SDUFHOOH/HVVLORVVXLYHQW¢OɛRXHVWOHWUDF«GHVGHX[IRVV«VHQ/DX[TXHOVLOVVɛDGRVVHQW ‚OɛHVWLOVVHPEOHQW¬WUHFRQWHQXVSDUOHIRVV«b/HVIRVV«VUHFWLOLJQHVQɛRQWSHXW¬WUH SDV«W«OHVVHXOV¢VWUXFWXUHUOɛHVSDFHGHVWRFNDJH2QQRWHHQHIIHWODSU«VHQFHGHIRVV«V DXWUDF«FRXUEHTXLRQWSXSDUWLFLSHUGHODVXEGLYLVLRQGXVHFWHXUGHVWRFNDJHDYDQW Gɛ¬WUHUHFRXS«VSDUGHVVLORV/HXUDSSDUWHQDQFH¢ODS«ULRGHP«GL«YDOHQɛHVWWRXWHIRLV SDVDWWHVW«H FIG. 84 Aimargues/Saint-Gilles le Vieux : vestiges médiévaux dans l’emprise de la fouille. 43 /ɛLPSUHVVLRQTXLSU«YDXW¢ODOHFWXUHGHFHVDP«QDJHPHQWVHVWFHOOHGHOɛLQVHUWLRQGDQV XQH  WUDPH  SU«H[LVWDQWH  GɛXQH  VWUXFWXUDWLRQ  QRXYHOOH  $LQVL  OɛRUJDQLVDWLRQ  DJUDLUH P«GL«YDOH  VHPEOHWHOOH  Vɛ«WDEOLU  GDQV  XQ  SD\VDJH  GRQW  OD  FRQILJXUDWLRQ  DQWLTXH  HVW HQFRUHSDUWLHOOHPHQWYLYDFH'HVIRVV«VVDQVGRXWHHQFRUHGHVKDLHVRXGHVWDOXVSHXW ¬WUHFRQVWLWXHQWGHVOLPLWHVDVVH]IRUWHVHWFRPPRGHVSRXUTXHOHVSD\VDQVGX0R\HQ „JHOHVUHVSHFWHQWPDLV¢OɛLQW«ULHXUGHVTXHOOHVLOVLQVWDXUHQWOHXUSURSUHRUJDQLVDWLRQ 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Garnotel b 13.1 Introduction 1 'DQVODSODLQHODQJXHGRFLHQQH¢OɛHVWGH0RQWSHOOLHUOHVLWHGX3RQWGHV„QHVHVWHQ ERUGXUH  GX  FKHPLQ  GH  1°PHV  TXL  OH  ORQJH  DX  VXG  HW  ¢  HQYLURQbbP  ¢  OɛRXHVW  GX UXLVVHDXGX%«UDQJH ILJ ,OHVWLQVWDOO«GDQVXQKRUL]RQGHOLPRQDUJLOHX[EUXQ URXJHWUªVKRPRJªQHHWFRPSDFWGLWmbVROURXJHIHUVLDOOLWLTXHb}&HVWHUUHVSURSLFHVDX[ FXOWXUHV  UHFRXYUHQW  OH  VXEVWUDW  FRQVWLWX«  GɛXQ  KRUL]RQ  GɛDUJLOH  MDXQH  ¢  LQFOXVLRQV FDOFDLUHV  LQFOXDQW  GHV  SRFKHV  GH  FDLOORXWLV  IOXYLDWLOH  SULV  GDQV  XQH  DUJLOH  URXJH  &H VXEVWUDWSRUWHOHQRPORFDOGHWDSDUDV(QRXWUHOHVLWHRFFXSHOɛH[WU«PLW«VXGHVWGX WHUULWRLUH  GH  %DLOODUJXHV  OLPLWURSKH  GH  0XGDLVRQ  DX  VXG  HW  GH  6DLQW%UªV  ¢  OɛHVW /ɛH[DPHQGHVFDGDVWUHVQDSRO«RQLHQVU«YªOHTXHGªVbFHWWHSDUWLHGHWHUULWRLUHGX 3RQWGHV$QHVHVWF«G«H¢%DLOODUJXHVSDUODFRPPXQHGH0XGDLVRQGRQWLOG«SHQGDLW DQW«ULHXUHPHQW 236 FIG. 93 Baillargues/Pont des Ânes : localisation du site. 2 'HX[RFFXSDWLRQVVXFFHVVLYHVRQW«W«UHFRQQXHVbGHODSUHPLªUHRQW«W«YXVGHVIRVVHV 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médiévaux et des séquences pédosédimentaires* hors sites du TGV-Méditerranée cités dans le texte. 8 ‚SDUWLUGH9DOHQFHDXQRUGOH7*90«GLWHUUDQ«HORQJHGɛDERUGOHSLHGGX9HUFRUV¢ OɛHVWGHODSODLQHYDOHQWLQRLVH ILJ $SUªVOHSDVVDJHDXYRLVLQDJHGH&UHVWGHOD EDVVHYDOO«HGHOD'U¶PHSXLVGHVPDVVLIVFROOLQ«HQVWHUWLDLUHVODOLPLWDQWDXVXGOH WUDF«OLQ«DLUHDWWHLQWODSODLQHGHOD9DOGDLQH RXSODLQHGH0RQW«OLPDU ,OVHUDSSURFKH HQVXLWHGXIOHXYHSRXUSDUFRXULUOHVSODLQHVUKRGDQLHQQHVGX7ULFDVWLQHWGɛ2UDQJH/HV GRQQ«HV S«GRV«GLPHQWDLUHV DFTXLVHV VRQW VXFFHVVLYHPHQW UHJURXS«HV HW SU«VHQW«HV SRXU  FKDFXQH  GHV  HQWLW«V  J«RJUDSKLTXHV  WUDYHUV«HV  TXL  IRQFWLRQQHQW  FRPPH  GHV J«RV\VWªPHV SU«VHQWDQWGHVG\QDPLTXHVV«GLPHQWDLUHVSURSUHV/HVVLWHVQRPP«VHQ U«I«UHQFHVRQWFHX[TXLIRQWOɛREMHWGɛXQFKDSLWUHGDQVFHP¬PHYROXPH b 14.3 La documentation pédosédimentaire par géosystème 14.3.1 La plaine de Valence et le piémont du Vercors (site de référence : Upie/Les Vignarets) 9 'H6DLQW0DUFHOOªV9DOHQFH¢ODYDOO«HGHOD'U¶PHODSDUWLHQRUGGXWUDF«GX7*9 UHFRXSHXQHGLYHUVLW«GHPLOLHX[SK\VLTXHVHWGHVXEVWUDWVJ«RORJLTXHV'XQRUGDX VXGbODSODLQHGH9DOHQFHHWVHVWHUUDVVHVSO«LVWRFªQHVOHSLHGGX9HUFRUVHWVHVF¶QHV G«WULWLTXHVSO«LVWRFªQHVHWHQILQOHVFROOLQHVPRODVVLTXHVGXEDV'DXSKLQ«G«WHUPLQHQW XQH VHJPHQWDWLRQ GHV FRQGLWLRQV V«GLPHQWDLUHV  ILJ D  ,O HVW Q«DQPRLQV SRVVLEOH 247 GɛLGHQWLILHU  HQWUH  FHV  GLII«UHQWV  VHFWHXUV  SOXVLHXUV  SKDVHV  DX[  FDUDFWªUHV S«GRV«GLPHQWDLUHV YRLVLQV ILJ >FIib@ FIG. 98 Corrélation des principaux événements pédosédimentaires de la partie nord du tracé du TGV (ValenceChabrillan) : pied du Vercors et basse vallée de la Drôme. Resp. des sondages et fouilles, et réf. bibliogr. : 1 N. Valour (Valour et al. 1996) ; 2, 3, 5, 10 P. Réthoré (1995 ; 1996a ; 1996b ; 1997) ; 4, 7 Y. Billaud (1997a ; 1997b) ; 6 J.‑M. Lurol (Lurol et al. 1997) ; 8 J.-M. Treffort (Treffort et al. 1998) ; 9 S. Martin (Martin étal. 1997) ; 11 A. Lebreton (1996), S. Martin (Martin et al. 1997) ; 12 S. Saintot (Saintot et al. 1997) ; 13 M. Goy (Goy et al. 1996) ; 14 A.‑F. Nohé (Nohé et al. 1995) ; 15 1. Rémy (1997). 10 ‚ODILQGX ,,,HVHWDXWRXWG«EXWGX ,9HVDS-&OH*XLPDQGTXLHVWDXMRXUGɛKXLXQ WRXW  SHWLW  UXLVVHDX  SHUWXUEH  FRQVLG«UDEOHPHQW  OH  VLWH  URPDLQ  GH  0RQW«OLHU &ODYH\VRQQHVHQPXOWLSOLDQWGHV«SLVRGHV¢WUªVIRUWK\GURG\QDPLVPH 5K«WRU«bD  3OXVDXVXGVXUOHVLWHGɛ8SLH/HV9LJQDUHWVHWGHODSODLQHGHV&KDX[ ILJ GHV DOOXYLRQQHPHQWV  PDO  FDO«V  FKURQRORJLTXHPHQW  SRVW«ULHXUV  DX  ,HU V  DY  -& SRXUUDLHQW«JDOHPHQWGDWHUGHFHWWHS«ULRGHTXLUHVWHHQFRUHPDOGRFXPHQW«H 248 FIG. 99 Upie/Les Vignarets : contexte stratigraphique, taphonomie du paléosol médiéval ; extension en surface de ce qui reste conservé du paléosol de l’époque. FIG. 100 Stratigraphie des nappes alluviales historiques d’Upie/Les Vignarets à Upie/ Les Chaux. 11 /ɛRFFXSDWLRQ  GX  ,9H V  GH  0RQW«OLHU&ODYH\VRQQHV  5K«WRU«  D  UHSRVH  VXU  XQ SDO«RVROEUXQLIL«6RQG«YHORSSHPHQWVHPEOHVHSRXUVXLYUHDXFRXUVGXVLªFOHVXLYDQW /HVFDUDFWªUHVGHFHWWHS«GRJHQªVHVRQWbVROEUXQJULVGɛDERUGSHXVWUXFWXU«¢ODEDVH DFTX«UDQWGDQVXQHVHFRQGHS«ULRGHXQHVWUXFWXUDWLRQSULVPDWLTXH HWXQHFRXOHXU SOXV  IRQF«H  EUXQQRLU  /HV  FDUERQDWDWLRQV  VHFRQGDLUHV  SU«VHQWHV  GªV  OD  EDVH  VH 249 G«YHORSSHQWVXUWRXWGDQVODSDUWLHVXS«ULHXUH&HVROVHUHWURXYHGH&ODYH\VRQQHVDX[ *XLOOªUHV  GDQV  OHV  VRQGDJHV  7b¢7bGH  OD  SKDVHbb 5K«WRU«  HW  DO    'DQV  GHV FRQGLWLRQVGHEDVIRQGV EUDVRXFRXUVDEDQGRQQ«GX*XLPDQG LOSHXWGHYHQLUQRLUGH W\SH LVRKXPLTXH  2Q UHWURXYH FH SDO«RVRO SOXV DX VXG VXU OH VLWH GH &KDEHXLO/HV %URFDUGV  VRXV  VD  IRUPH  EUXQQRLU  ¢  SVHXGRP\F«OLXP  DERQGDQW  ,O  \  HVW VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHPHQWSRVW«ULHXUDX ,HUVDY-&HWDQW«ULHXU¢XQDOOXYLRQQHPHQWGH 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PRODVVLTXH  VHQVLEOH  ¢  Oɛ«URVLRQ  QɛDLW  FRQVHUY«  DXFXQH  DFFXPXODWLRQ V«GLPHQWDLUH FIFKDSb /ɛH[SOLFDWLRQODSOXVSODXVLEOHVHUDLWFHOOHGɛXQHYLGDQJHMXVWH DQW«ULHXUHDX[SUHPLªUHVFRQVWUXFWLRQVGHOɛKDELWDWGDW«HVGX ;,,,HV/HSK«QRPªQH SRXUUDLWGRQF¬WUHSOXVSU«FRFHRXELHQOɛKDELWDWSRXUUDLWGDWHUVHXOHPHQWGHODILQGX ;,,,HV 251 FIG. 101 Traces d’hydrographie fossile sur les piémonts du Vercors, proches d’Upie/ Les Vignarets, observées lors de la mission aérienne IGN de 1954 (Chouquer, Jung 1996). 16 /HV G«S¶WV DOOXYLDX[ VXLYDQWV SHXYHQW ¬WUH DWWULEX«V ¢ OD S«ULRGH PRGHUQH ,O VɛDJLW SULQFLSDOHPHQW  GHV  WHUUDVVHV  GLWHV  mbKLVWRULTXHVb}  GHV  ULYLªUHV  GHVFHQGDQW  GHV FRQWUHIRUWVGX9HUFRUVbOD9«RUHHWOɛ2XUFKH'DQVOHVGHX[FDVFHVDOOXYLRQVU«FHQWHV VH  WURXYHQW  HPER°W«HV  GDQV  OHV  IRUPDWLRQV  J«RORJLTXHV  DQW«ULHXUHV  b¢bbP  HQ FRQWUHEDV  ILJ     /HV  ULYLªUHV  VɛHQFDLVVHQW  GRQF  DSUªV  OH  ;,,,H V  OHV  SK«QRPªQHV GɛDFFU«WLRQLQWHUYHQDQWSDUODVXLWH/HVDSSRUWVDQWKURSLTXHVGHFRPEOHPHQWQRW«VGX ;,,,HDXb 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VHWHUPLQHQWSDUXQVDEOHFODLUELHQWUL« SDV¢SHXOLPRQHX[&HWWHIRUPDWLRQTXLVHWURXYHMXVWHVRXVOHVODERXUVQHSRUWHSDVGH WUDFHVGHS«GRJHQªVHHWQɛDSSDUD°WSDVWUªVDQFLHQQH(OOHHVWSRVW«ULHXUHDX;9,HVDX[ 252 &DFKHWV  6DQV  TXɛDXFXQH  GDWH  QH  SHUPHWWH  GH  FRQILUPDWLRQ  RQ  OD  UDWWDFKH mbFODVVLTXHPHQWb}¢ODS«ULRGHGHG«UªJOHPHQWK\GURFOLPDWLTXHGX3HWLW„JHJODFLDLUH b 14.3.2 La basse vallée de la Drôme (sites de référence : Crest/ Bourbousson, Chabrillan/Saint-Martin) 19 ‚VDVRUWLHGHV3U«DOSHVFDOFDLUHVDXYHUURXGH&UHVWODULYLªUH'U¶PHFRXOHGDQVXQH SODLQH  ODUJH  GHbbNP  OLPLW«H  DX  QRUG  HW  DX  VXG  SDU  GHV  FROOLQHV  HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW PRODVVLTXHV JUªVWHQGUHWHUWLDLUH /DWHUUDVVHIOXYLDWLOHGHULYHGURLWHHVWODSOXVEDVVHb FɛHVW  ¢  OD  FKDUQLªUH  GH  FHOOHFL  HW  GX  YHUVDQW  TXH  VH  WURXYHQW  OHV  VLWHV  DQWLTXHV  HW P«GL«YDX[GH&UHVW%RXUERXVVRQbbHWbb ILJ /DULYHJDXFKHFRQVWLWX«HSDU XQHWHUUDVVHSOXVDQFLHQQH ULVVLHQQH UHFRXYHUWHGHOüVVHVWSOXV«OHY«H(OOHUHVWH¢ 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/HEUHWRQbb0DUWLQHWDO SOXVLHXUV«SLVRGHVPRUSKRV«GLPHQWDLUHV RQW«W« UHFRQQXV  ORUV  GH  OD  IRXLOOH  GH  OD  YLOOD DQWLTXH  HW  GH  VWUXFWXUHV  DVVRFL«HV  DX  SULHXU« P«GL«YDO  FI FKDSb   ,OV  DSSRUWHQW  SOXVLHXUV  SU«FLVLRQV  ¢  OD  FKURQRORJLH  GHV «Y«QHPHQWV/HVQLYHDX[GɛRFFXSDWLRQGHODILQGX ,,HVHWGHOɛ$QWLTXLW«WDUGLYHVH PHWWHQWHQSODFHɘ¢ODVXLWHGHTXHOTXHVU«DP«QDJHPHQWVG«SODFHPHQWVGHPDW«ULDX[ HWUHPEODLVɘVXUGHVIRUPDWLRQVDOOXYLRFROOXYLDOHV«SDLVVHVGDWDQWGXPLOLHXGX ,HUDX PLOLHX  GX  ,,H V  ILJ    $X  FRXUV  GH  FHWWH  SKDVH  GɛRFFXSDWLRQ  DXFXQ  «SLVRGH GɛLQVWDELOLW«J«RPRUSKRORJLTXHQɛHVWLGHQWLIL«VXUODWHUUDVVHULVVLHQQH8QHGHX[LªPH S«ULRGH  GH  G«UªJOHPHQW  K\GURORJLTXH  HVW  UHFRQQXH  ¢  OD  VXLWH  GH  OD  GHUQLªUH  SKDVH GɛRFFXSDWLRQDQWLTXHGHODYLOOD(OOHHVWFDUDFW«ULV«HSDUODPLVHHQSODFHGɛ«SDLVG«S¶WV OLPRQRVDEOHX[  EUXQ  FODLU  DVVRFL«V  ¢  XQ  IRUW  K\GURG\QDPLVPH  TXL  FRQWULEXH  ¢ G«PDQWHOHUHQSDUWLHSXLV¢IRVVLOLVHUODYLOOD «SLVRGHVK\GURORJLTXHVSRVW 9HVGɛDSUªV 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Martin et al. 1995a) ; b villa : coupe N-S entre les deux murs de la terrasse médiane (zone 3, sondage 7) : phasage pédosédimentaire schématique (d’apr. Lebreton 1997) ; c log interprétatif synthétique des séquences de Chabrillan/SaintMartin : séquence alluviocolluviale sur la moyenne terrasse de la Drôme. 24 7RXMRXUVHQULYHJDXFKHGHOD'U¶PHPDLVVXUOHVYHUVDQWVFDOFDLUHVSOXV«OHY«VFHWWH SKDVH  GɛLQVWDELOLW«  GHV  YHUVDQWV  HVW  «JDOHPHQW  UHFRQQXH  ¢b/Db5RFKHVXU*UDQH/H 9HUGLHU 1RK«HWDO 'HVFDLOORXWLVVRQWUHPRELOLV«VHWYLHQQHQWVɛDFFXPXOHUDX GHVVXVGɛXQHVWUXFWXUHGHFRPEXVWLRQDJUDLUHGDW«HGHbbDS-& bsbb%3b $5&b &HPRXYHPHQWGHFDLOORXWLVHVW¢UDWWDFKHU¢XQHPLVHHQFXOWXUHGHWHUUHV G«YHUVHPHQWGHSURFKHHQSURFKHGHVWHUUHVHQEDVGHSHQWHb%ODQFKHPDQFKHb SOXVTXɛ¢XQFROOXYLRQQHPHQWQDWXUHO/HVWHUUHVVRQWWUDQVSRUW«HVHQEDVGHSHQWHSDU OHVODERXUV(OOHVVɛDFFXPXOHQWHQERUGXUHGXFKHPLQYLFLQDOQRbTXLHVWUHVSHFW«bVRQ RULJLQHUHPRQWHGRQFDXPRLQV¢FHWWHGDWH 25 7RXVOHVYHUVDQWVVHVWDELOLVHQWSDUODVXLWH‚&KDEULOODQ6DLQW0DUWLQbbOHVG«S¶WV DOOXYLRFROOXYLDX[  SU«F«GHQWV  VRQW  PDUTX«V  SDU  XQH  EUXQLILFDWLRQ  HW  XQH  O«JªUH VWUXFWXUDWLRQLQWHUSU«W«HVFRPPHXQ«SLVRGHGɛ«YROXWLRQS«GRORJLTXH FIib &H WUDLW  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(OOH  SU«VHQWH  GHV  IDFLªV  GɛDERUG OLPRQHX[  SXLV  JUDYHOHX[  /D  YDUL«W«  GHV  FKHQDX[  UHFRXS«V  G«PRQWUH  TXɛXQ  FRXUV WUHVV«  Vɛ\  G«YHORSSH  GDQV  OD  SKDVH  ILQDOH  6D  ODUJHXU  SHXW  ¬WUH  HVWLP«H  HQWUHb HWbbNPGɛDSUªVOɛ«WXGHGHVWUDFHVIRVVLOHVUHS«U«HVHQSKRWRLQWHUSU«WDWLRQ &KRXTXHU -XQJb /HFRXUVDFWXHOGHOD'U¶PHHVWPDLQWHQDQWLQFLV«GHbbPGDQVFHVG«S¶WV U«FHQWV b 14.3.3 La Valdaine, plaine alluviale du Vermenon (site de référence : Montboucher-sur-Jabron/ Constantin) 31 /HVLWHDUFK«RORJLTXHGH0RQWERXFKHUVXU-DEURQ&RQVWDQWLQ FIFKDSb HVWLPSODQW« DX  FHQWUH  GH  OD  9DOGDLQH  7RSRJUDSKLTXHPHQW  OHV  KDELWDWV  KLVWRULTXHV  IRXLOO«V  VH WURXYHQW¢ODOLPLWHGXOLWPLQHXUHWGXOLWPDMHXUGX9HUPHQRQSULQFLSDODIIOXHQWGX -DEURQTXLGUDLQHODSDUWLHP«ULGLRQDOHGXEDVVLQHQFRQWUHEDVGHVEDVVHVWHUUDVVHV SO«LVWRFªQHV¢VROVURXJHVIHUVLDOOLWLTXHVGXV\VWªPH-DEURQ9HUPHQRQ ILJ &HWWH SRVLWLRQHQERUGGHULYLªUHSU«VHQWHGHVDYDQWDJHVOL«V¢ODSUR[LPLW«GHVUHVVRXUFHVHQ HDXPDLVDXVVLGHVLQFRQY«QLHQWVOL«VDX[G«UªJOHPHQWVGXOLWGX9HUPHQRQ FUXHVHW VDSHVU«S«W«HVFKDQJHPHQWVGHFRXUVLQFHVVDQWVVW\OHHQWUHVVH  FIG. 105 Montboucher-sur-Jabron/Constantin : a localisation du site dans le bassin inférieur du système Jabron-Vermenon ; b cartographie du site archéologique avec les principales coupes observées. 32 /ɛDQDO\VH VWUDWLJUDSKLTXH GHV V«TXHQFHV DOOXYLDOHV KLVWRULTXHV GX VLWH GH &RQVWDQWLQ U«YªOH  DX  PRLQV  WURLV  SKDVHV  GH  WRUUHQWLDOLW«  DX  VHLQ  GHV  IRUPDWLRQV  V«GLPHQWDLUHV UHFRXS«HVGDQVOHOLWPLQHXUGHODULYLªUH/DSUHPLªUHHVWDVVXU«PHQWDQWLTXHPDLV HQFRUHPDOFDO«HFKURQRORJLTXHPHQW +DXW(PSLUH /DGHX[LªPHHVWSRVW«ULHXUHRX FRQWHPSRUDLQHGHOɛ$QWLTXLW«WDUGLYHSXLVTXɛHOOHSURYRTXHOHG«EODLHPHQWGɛXQHJUDQGH SDUWLHGXE¤WLPHQWDWWULEX«¢FHWWHS«ULRGH *R\5«P\b HWDXVVLSUREDEOHPHQWGH 258 FRQVWUXFWLRQVVLWX«HVHQDPRQWGXVLWHHWGRQFKRUVHPSULVHGHODOLJQHGX7*9bFHWWH SKDVH  HVW  FDUDFW«ULV«H  SDU  GHV  QDSSHV  VXFFHVVLYHV  GH  SLHUUHV  GH  WHJXODH HW  GH F«UDPLTXHVHPEDOO«HVGDQVXQHPDWULFHOLPRQRVDEOHXVH¢VDEOHXVHEUXQH ILJb 86b /ɛHVVHQWLHOGHFHWWHV«GLPHQWDWLRQU«VXOWHVDQVGRXWHGXG«FDSDJH GɛXQHSDUWLHGHODFRXYHUWXUHS«GRORJLTXHDOOXYLDOHTXLVɛ«WDLWU«J«Q«U«HGXUDQWOH%DV (PSLUH8QHGHUQLªUHSKDVHGHG«UªJOHPHQWK\GURORJLTXHDVVRFL«H¢XQH[KDXVVHPHQW GXQLYHDXGHODSODLQHDOOXYLDOHSDUD°WSRVW«ULHXUH¢OɛKDELWDWGX;,HV(OOHHVWSU«F«G«H GɛXQH  WURQFDWXUH  GɛXQH  SDUWLH  GHV  IRUPDWLRQV  V«GLPHQWDLUHV  DQW«ULHXUHV  HW  GX  VRO DUFK«RORJLTXHDVVRFL«¢OɛRFFXSDWLRQP«GL«YDOH8QDOOXYLRQQHPHQWEUXQMDXQHSOXVRX PRLQV  JURVVLHU  VH  G«SRVH  SDU  OD  VXLWH  ,O  HVW  UHS«U«  VXU  OɛHQVHPEOH  GX  VLWH  VXU  XQH «SDLVVHXUPR\HQQHGHbbP'HVIRVV«VPRGHUQHVQRQGDW«VVRQWFUHXV«VGDQVFHV IRUPDWLRQVDOOXYLDOHVTXLVXSSRUWHQWODS«GRJHQªVHDFWXHOOH FIG. 106 Présentation des stratigraphies des tranchées 1 et 356 sur le site de Montboucher-sur-Jabron/ Constantin. 33 7URLV  SKDVHV  GH  VWDELOLVDWLRQ  GX  OLW  PLQHXU  GX  9HUPHQRQ  VRQW  REVHUY«HV  HQWUH  FHV SKDVHV  GH  G«UªJOHPHQW  K\GURORJLTXH  VRXV  IRUPH  GH  SDO«RVROV  SOXV  RX  PRLQV 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GHVFDUERQDWHV/HIRVV«GHGUDLQDJHTXLVɛRXYUHGHSXLVOHVRPPHWGHFHSDO«RVRO ILJ bWUDQFK«Hb FRQWULEXHVDQVGRXWHDORUV¢DPSOLILHUOɛDEDLVVHPHQWGHOɛDTXLIªUH /HUHFRXYUHPHQWHWODGHVWUXFWLRQSDUWLHOVGHFHSDO«RVROHWGHVYHVWLJHVDUFK«RORJLTXHV DVVRFL«VFRQILUPHQWODPRGLILFDWLRQLPSRUWDQWHGHODG\QDPLTXHIOXYLDOH¢ODILQGH Oɛ$QWLTXLW« 34 /D  VHFRQGH  SKDVH  Gɛ«YROXWLRQ  S«GRORJLTXH  LGHQWLIL«H  VH  G«YHORSSH  DX[  G«SHQV GɛDOOXYLRQV  JURVVLªUHV  FKDUJ«HV  HQ  PDW«ULDX[  GH  FRQVWUXFWLRQ  HW  HQ  YHVWLJHV F«UDPLTXHV  DVVRFL«V  DX  E¤WLPHQW  GX  9,H9,,H V  (OOH  HVW  PDW«ULDOLV«H  SDU  XQ  KRUL]RQ OLPRQRVDEOHX[GHFRXOHXUEUXQIRQF«PDUTX«SDUXQHVWUXFWXUH DVVH]G«YHORSS«H GH  SULVPDWLTXH  ¢  SRO\«GULTXH   XQH  IRUWH  SRURVLW«  GɛRULJLQH  ELRORJLTXH  GHV FDUERQDWDWLRQV  VRXV  IRUPH  GH  SVHXGRP\F«OLXPV  HW  GH  QRPEUHX[  PROOXVTXHV  &HV FDUDFWªUHVVHPEOHQWLQGLTXHUXQH«YROXWLRQSOXVORQJXHTXHFHOOHGXSDO«RVRODVVRFL«DX %DV(PSLUH  6RQ  G«YHORSSHPHQW  HVW  ¢  DVVRFLHU  ¢  XQH  S«ULRGH  GH  VWDELOLW«  IOXYLDOH SOXULV«FXODLUH6LOHG«EXWGHVRQ«YROXWLRQSHXW¬WUHHQYLVDJ«¢XQRXGHX[VLªFOHVSUªV HQWUHOH9,HHWOH 9,,,HV LOQɛH[LVWHSDVGHWHUPLQXVSRVWTXHPGLUHFWSRXUGLVFXWHUODILQ GHVRQIRQFWLRQQHPHQWHWGRQFODGXU«HU«HOOHGHVRQG«YHORSSHPHQW&HW«WDWHVWG½ DX[  SK«QRPªQHV  GH  WURQFDWXUH  SRVW«ULHXUV  DX  ;,H V  TXL  RQW  PDUTX«  OD  WHUUDVVH JUDYHOHXVHVXUODTXHOOHVɛ«WDLWLPSODQW«OɛKDELWDWGXKDXW0R\HQ„JH GDW«HGX;,HVSDU OD  GHQGURFKURQRORJLH   /H  VRO  DVVRFL«  ¢  FHW  KDELWDW  QɛHVW  GRQF  SDV  FRQVHUY«  GDQV OɛHQYLURQQHPHQWGLUHFWGXVLWHHWVHXOHVOHVVWUXFWXUHVHQFUHX[QRXVVRQWSDUYHQXHV GHVIRVVHVHWXQIRQGGHFDEDQHLQFHQGL«LQVLWXSU«DODEOHPHQWFUHXV«GDQVODWHUUDVVH  &HSHQGDQWHQDEVHQFHGHFRQQH[LRQVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHGLUHFWHODUHVVHPEODQFHGHIDFLªV HQWUHOHPDW«ULDXFRPSRVDQWGXVROEUXQ¢IDFLªVYHUWLTXH HWFHOXLGXUHPSOLVVDJHGHV IRVVHV  GX  KDXW  0R\HQ  „JH  TXL  HQWRXUHQW  OɛKDELWDW  HQ  WHUUH  SHXW  QRXV  FRQGXLUH  ¢ HQYLVDJHUOHXUFRQWHPSRUDQ«LW« b 14.3.4 La basse plaine alluviale du Tricastin (pas de site d’habitat reconnu sur le tracé) 35 /HVGRQQ«HVVXUOɛ«YROXWLRQGHVSD\VDJHVHWGHVFOLPDWVSURYLHQQHQWPDMRULWDLUHPHQWGH Oɛ«WXGHGHVVWUXFWXUHVSDUFHOODLUHVIRVVLOHVTXLD«W«LQLWL«HGDQVOHFDGUHGXSURJUDPPH mbIRVV«VHWYRLULHb}GX7*9 %HUJHU-XQJb HWGHVVRQGDJHVOLQ«DLUHVV\VW«PDWLTXHV HIIHFWX«V  ORUV  GHV  SURVSHFWLRQV  DUFK«RORJLTXHV  )HUEHU  5RQFRbb  $OIRQVR &RVVDOWHUb   8QH  «YROXWLRQ  SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQW  ILQH  GHV  DPELDQFHV S«GRV«GLPHQWDLUHV GDQVODSODLQHGX7ULFDVWLQDDLQVL«W«REWHQXHJU¤FH¢Oɛ«WXGHGɛXQH JUDQGHV«ULHGHIRVV«VDQWLTXHVLQWHUVWUDWLIL«VHQWUHGHVIRUPDWLRQVDOOXYLDOHVHWGHV SDO«RVROV ILJ /HVQRPEUHXVHVGDWDWLRQVDXUDGLRFDUERQHHIIHFWX«HVVXUGHVOLWVGH FKDUERQV  GH  ERLV  SL«J«V  GDQV  OH  UHPSOLVVDJH  GHV  IRVV«V  DSSRUWHQW  XQ  FDGUH FKURQRVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHSU«FLVSRXUODVHFRQGHSDUWLHGHOɛ$QWLTXLW«OHG«EXWGX0R\HQ „JHHWODS«ULRGHPRGHUQH/HVGDWDWLRQVPRLQVSU«FLVHVSRXUFHTXLFRQFHUQHOH0R\HQ „JHFODVVLTXHHWOHEDV0R\HQ„JHGHYURQW¬WUHFRPSO«W«HVSDUGHQRXYHOOHVDQDO\VHV UDGLRP«WULTXHV 260 FIG. 107 Les principales séquences pédosédimentaires du Tricastin présentant le palésol du haut Moyen Âge et du nord au sud (d’apr. Berger, Jung 1999). 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XQHG«SULVHKXPDLQHVXUOHVHFWHXUFRUURERU«HSDUOɛDEDQGRQGHOɛHQWUHWLHQGXUDEOHGX U«VHDXGHFDQDX[GHV%DUWUDV %HUJHU-XQJb  41 &HSDO«RVRO«SDLVEUXQ¢JULVIRQF« FIib SU«VHQWHLFLXQHIRUWHVWUXFWXUDWLRQ SULVPDWLTXH U«Y«ODWULFHGɛXQHUHPRQW«HGHODQDSSHDOOXYLDOHSDUUDSSRUW¢ODS«ULRGH SU«F«GHQWHHWLQGLUHFWHPHQWGXPDLQWLHQGɛXQKDXWQLYHDXVDLVRQQLHUGHVDTXLIªUHV GDQVOHOLWGX/DX]RQHWGX/H]HWGDQVODFXYHWWHKXPLGHVLWX«H¢OɛHVWGX7ULFDVWLQ VLWHVGHV0DODORQHVGH6XUHO>ILJDG@HWGHV%DUWUDV ,OLQGLTXHDXVVLXQHORQJXH SDXVHK\GURV«GLPHQWDLUHPDUTX«HSDUOɛDEVHQFHRXDXPRLQVODQHWWHGLPLQXWLRQGHV «SLVRGHVGHFUXHHWOɛDIILUPDWLRQGHVSURFHVVXVS«GRORJLTXHVSHQGDQWSOXVLHXUVVLªFOHV GX 9,H9,,HVDX ;,,HRX ;,,,HVGɛDSUªVOHFRQWH[WHFKURQRVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHU«JLRQDO ILJ   FIG. 108 Corrélation des principaux événements pédosédimentaires de la partie sud du tracé du TGV : bassin valdainais, plaine du Tricastin, plaine d’Orange. Responsables des sondages et fouilles, et réf. bibliographiques : 1 M. Goy et A. Allimant (Goy et al. 1996) ; 2 C. Vermeulen (1997) ; 3 M. Goy et I. Rémy (Goy, Rémy 1996) ; 4 M. Linossier ; 5 C. Markievicz (1996) ; 6 P. Boissinot et K. Roger (Boissinot, Roger 1999) ; 7 X. Margarit (Margarit et al. 1997) ; 8, 9 C. Vermeulen (1997) ; 10 A. Gelot (Gelot et al. 1996) et X. Margarit (Margarit et al. 1997) ; 11-13 G. Alfonso et N. Cossalter (Alfonso, Cossalter 1996). 263 42 /D  S«ULRGH  GH  UHFUHXVHPHQW  GHV  U«VHDX[  GH  GUDLQDJH  QɛHVW  SDV  HQFRUH  FRQQXH  DYHF FHUWLWXGHɘSDUPDQTXHGHGDWDWLRQVDXUDGLRFDUERQHHVVHQWLHOOHPHQW(OOHVɛHIIHFWXH¢ SDUWLUGXVRPPHWGXSDO«RVROEUXQQRLUHWSHXW¬WUHDWWULEX«HUHODWLYHPHQW¢ODS«ULRGH FRPSULVHHQWUHODILQGXKDXW0R\HQ„JHHWOHEDV0R\HQ„JH GX ;,HDX[ ;,9H;9HV  &HWWHSUHPLªUHSKDVHGɛXWLOLVDWLRQP«GL«YDOHHVWVFHOO«HSDUGHVG«S¶WVOLPRQHX[ILQV EUXQJULVMDXQH  ¢  EUXQ  FODLU  SU«VHQWDQW  GHV  SVHXGRP\F«OLXPV  «SDUV  VLWH  GHV %UDVVLªUHV  GHV  5LEDXGV  GX  &K¬QH   ,OV  VRQW  SOXW¶W  ELHQ  VWUXFWXU«V  VWUXFWXUH  GH SULVPDWLTXH ¢JUXPHOHXVH /HXUDWWULEXWLRQFKURQRORJLTXHDSSDUD°WHQFRUHLFLUHODWLYH HWIOXFWXDQWHPDLVSHXW¬WUHHQYLVDJ«HDQW«ULHXUHPHQWDX[;9,,H;9,,,HVDX[%UDVVLªUHV bDS  -&  >bsbb%3b  $$@  VDQV  FRQVLG«UHU  OH  GHUQLHU  SLF  GH SUREDELOLW«WURSU«FHQWSDUUDSSRUWDXFRQWH[WHKLVWRULTXHHWV«GLPHQWDLUH &HVG«S¶WV SRXUUDLHQW¬WUHSU«F«G«VGɛXQ«SLVRGHGHWURQFDWXUHGHODSDUWLHVXS«ULHXUHGXSDO«RVRO P«GL«YDOHWGHVIRVV«VGUDLQDQWVDVVRFL«V/ɛDPELDQFHS«GRFOLPDWLTXH LGHQWLIL«HGDQV FHV  G«S¶WV  GH  FUXH  QɛHVW  SDV  VDQV  UDSSHOHU  FHOOH  LGHQWLIL«H  GDQV  OHV  G«S¶WV  GH  OD SKDVHbbGHODSODLQHGɛ2UDQJH FIib bVRQFRQWH[WHVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHHVWLGHQWLTXH 43 ‚SDUWLUGXVRPPHWGHFHVG«S¶WVXQHQRXYHOOHSKDVHGHFUHXVHPHQWVHWGHFXUDJHV U«S«W«VHVWREVHUY«H(OOHU«YªOHODGHQVLW«GHVU«VHDX[GHIRVV«VGUDLQDQWVU«DFWLY«VOH SOXVVRXYHQWGDQVOɛD[HGHVSDUFHOODLUHVDQWLTXHV/HVUDUHVGDWDWLRQVDXUDGLRFDUERQH HIIHFWX«HVVXUFHVIRVV«VU«YªOHQWXQHS«ULRGHGɛXWLOLVDWLRQFHQWU«HVXUOHV ;9,,HHW ;9,,,H V    DS  -&  >bsbb%3b  $$@  bDS  -&  >bsbb%3b %«WD@bDS-&>sbb%3b%«WD@  44 &HV  IRVV«V  PRGHUQHV  VRQW  HQVXLWH  IRVVLOLV«V  RX  SDUIRLV  LQWHUVWUDWLIL«V  GDQV  GHV IRUPDWLRQV  DOOXYLDOHV  GH  FUXH  MDXQ¤WUHV  GH  WH[WXUH  OLPRQHXVH  ¢  VDEOHXVH  ILQH SXOY«UXOHQWHV  «SDLVVHV  GHbb¢bbP  HW  SHX  S«GRJ«Q«LV«V  ¢  VWUXFWXUH SDUWLFXODLUH   &HV  VLJQDWXUHV  W«PRLJQHQW  GɛXQ  H[KDXVVHPHQW  LPSRUWDQW  GX  SODQFKHU IOXYLDO  /D  UDUHW«  GHV  WUDLWV  S«GRORJLTXHV  HW  GH  PLVH  HQ  FXOWXUH  LGHQWLILDEOHV  VXU  OH WHUUDLQ  GDQV  FHW  KRUL]RQ  LQGLTXH  OD  YLWHVVH  GH  OɛH[KDXVVHPHQW  DOOXYLDO  HW  OHV FRQWUDLQWHVH[HUF«HVVXUOɛRUJDQLVDWLRQGHOɛHVSDFHDJULFROH&HVG«S¶WVDOOXYLDX[VRQW LGHQWLIL«V  GDQV  OɛHQVHPEOH  GH  OD  SODLQH  GX  7ULFDVWLQ  HW  W«PRLJQHQW  DLQVL  GH  OD J«Q«UDOLVDWLRQ  GH  FH  SK«QRPªQH  K\GURORJLTXH  ILJ     /H  FRQWH[WH FKURQRVWUDWLJUDSKLTXH  U«JLRQDO  VLWXH  OH  SULQFLSDO  «SLVRGH  GH  mbFULVH K\GURV«GLPHQWDLUHb}GDQVODS«ULRGHFRQWHPSRUDLQH¢SDUWLUGX;9,,,HV %HWDb bb%3DX['HYªVHW$$bbsbb%3DX[%UDVVLªUHV HWDQW«ULHXUHPHQWDX ;;HV b 14.3.5 La basse plaine alluviale d’Orange ou confluence RhôneAygues (pas de site d’habitat médiéval reconnu sur le tracé) 45 /DSODLQHGɛ2UDQJHUHJURXSHOHOLWPDMHXUGX5K¶QHHWOHF¶QHGHG«MHFWLRQKRORFªQHGH Oɛ$\JXHV  ILJ  E   6RQ  LQVWDELOLW«  PRUSKRV«GLPHQWDLUH  DX  FRXUV  GHV  GHUQLHUV PLOO«QDLUHVD«W«U«Y«O«HSDUOHV«WXGHVJ«RDUFK«RORJLTXHVHIIHFWX«HVORUVGHVVRQGDJHV OLQ«DLUHV  $OIRQVR  &RVVDOWHU    HW  SDU  OHV  «WXGHV  GH  SKRWRLQWHUSU«WDWLRQ  GH  * &KRXTXHUTXLRQWSHUPLVGɛLGHQWLILHUOHVLPDJHVGHVXUIDFHDFWXHOOHVGɛXQSDO«RU«VHDX K\GURJUDSKLTXHLPSRUWDQWDVVRFL«¢GHQRPEUHXVHVWUDFHVGHSDUFHOODLUHVKLVWRULTXHV QRWDPPHQW  OH  FDGDVWUH  &  Gɛ2UDQJH  &KRXTXHU  *RQ]DOHV9LOODHVFXVDb  >ILJ  @ &HWWH  SODLQH  DOOXYLDOH  HVW  FDUDFW«ULV«H  GHSXLV  OH  G«EXW  GH  OD  S«ULRGH  DQWLTXH  SDU  GH PXOWLSOHV«SLVRGHVGHFUXHTXLRQWSURYRTX«ODIRVVLOLVDWLRQGHVSD\VDJHVDJUDLUHVVRXV 264 SOXVGHbbPGɛDOOXYLRQVIOXYLDWLOHV/HVYHVWLJHVURPDLQVGXG«EXWGHQRWUHªUHQLYHDX[ GɛKDELWDW  VROV  FXOWLY«V  QLYHDX[  GH  G«IULFKHPHQW  SDU  OH  IHX  YRLHV  VH  UHWURXYHQW U«JXOLªUHPHQWHQWUHbbPHWbbPGHSURIRQGHXU ILJ  FIG. 109 Localisation des 10 séquences pédosédimentaires étudiées entre l’Aygues et le Rhône sur le fond parcellaire actuel et des formes paléohydrographiques révélées par l’analyse archéomorphologique de G. Chouquer et R. Gonzalez Villaescusa (1996). Noter que la séquence 1 (Orange/Q600) semble se situer dans l’axe d’une paléovallée de l’Aygues. 1 Orange/Q600, 2 Caderousse/Les Crémades (S1), 3 Caderousse/Les Crémades (S2), 4 Caderousse/Les Négades (S4), 5 Caderousse/Les Négades (S2), 6 Caderousse/Saint-Pierre, 7 Caderousse/Saint-Pierre (S1), 8 Caderousse/Saint-Pierre (S4), 9 Caderousse/E920-921 (S1), 10 Caderousse/Le Camp Redon (SI). 265 FIG. 110 Proposition de corrélation et phasage pédosédimentaire des sondages de la plaine d’Orange (confluence Rhône-Aygues) : 1 graviers würmiens ; 2 formations sédimentaires déposées au cours de la Préhistoire récente et la Protohistoire (14C en cours) ; 3 formations sédimentaires déposées jusqu’à la fin du Ier s. ap. J.-C. ; 4 formations sédimentaires déposées pendant l’Antiquité, de la fin du Ier s. aux IIe et IIIe s. ; 5 formations sédimentaires supposées de la fin de l’Antiquité (IIIe-IVe s.) ; 6 formations sédimentaires déposées à la charnière de l’Antiquité et du Moyen Âge (Ve-VIe s.), sur lesquelles se développe le paléosol du haut Moyen Âge ; 7 formations sédimentaires supposées déposées au cours du Moyen Âge médian et/ou du bas Moyen Âge ; 8formations sédimentaires déposées à l’époque moderne. 46 &HWWH  VLWXDWLRQ  VL  HOOH  KDQGLFDSH  FRQVLG«UDEOHPHQW  OD  UHVWLWXWLRQ  GH  OD  G\QDPLTXH GɛRFFXSDWLRQGHVVROVSDUOHVDSSURFKHVWUDGLWLRQQHOOHVGHSKRWRLQWHUSU«WDWLRQHWGH SURVSHFWLRQ  DUFK«RORJLTXH  S«GHVWUH  UHSU«VHQWH  SDU  FRQWUH  XQ  GRFXPHQW SDO«RHQYLURQQHPHQWDO  GɛXQ  JUDQG  LQW«U¬W  SDU  OɛH[WU¬PH  GLODWDWLRQ  GHV  V«TXHQFHV S«GRV«GLPHQWDLUHV  %HUJHU     'L[  ORQJXHV  V«TXHQFHV  VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHV  VLWX«HV HQWUHOHVEHUJHVGHOɛ$\JXHV¢OɛRXHVWGHODYLOOHGɛ2UDQJHHWFHOOHVGX5K¶QHDXVXGGH &DGHURXVVHb ILJb SHUPHWWHQWGHUHFRQVWLWXHUOɛ«YROXWLRQGHVDJURV\VWªPHVHWGHV FOLPDWVDQWLTXHVHWP«GL«YDX[DYHFXQHWUªVJUDQGHILQHVVHHWGHVSDVGHWHPSVGH OɛRUGUHGXVLªFOH(OOHVVHVRQWIRUP«HVGDQVXQV\VWªPHGHSODLQHGɛLQRQGDWLRQPDUTX« SDU  XQH  G\QDPLTXH  GɛDFFU«WLRQ  LUU«JXOLªUH  4XDWUH  V«TXHQFHV  DOOXYLDOHV  WUDLW«HV  GH ID©RQ  SOXULGLVFLSOLQDLUH  SHUPHWWHQW  GH  GLVFXWHU  GH  Oɛ«WDW  GHV  DJURV\VWªPHV  WDUGR DQWLTXHV  HW  P«GL«YDX[  ,O  VɛDJLW  GHV  FRXSHV  Gɛ2UDQJH    4  GH  &DGHURXVVH    /HV &U«PDGHV  GH  &DGHURXVVH/HV  1«JDGHV  HW  GH  &DGHURXVVH  6DLQW3LHUUH  6L[  DXWUHV V«TXHQFHV  PRLQV  ELHQ  GRFXPHQW«HV  FRPSOªWHQW  OH  FDGUH  FKURQRVWUDWLJUDSKLTXH  GH FHWWHSODLQHDOOXYLDOH 47 1RXVDYRQVSXGLVWLQJXHUKXLWSKDVHVS«GRV«GLPHQWDLUHV GDQVOɛ«WDWDFWXHOGHOɛ«WXGH /HXU  FDUDFW«ULVDWLRQ  UHSRVH  VXU  OHV  UHSªUHV  FKURQRORJLTXHV  DFWXHOOHPHQW  ¢  QRWUH GLVSRVLWLRQ XQHGRX]DLQHGHQLYHDX[GɛRFFXSDWLRQHWTXDWUHGDWHVDXUDGLRFDUERQH HW VXU  OɛLQWHUSU«WDWLRQ  SXLV  OɛDVVRFLDWLRQ  GHV  SULQFLSDX[  IDFLªV  S«GRV«GLPHQWDLUHV   6XU FHUWDLQHV  FRXSHV  GHV  SKDVHV  VRQW  UHJURXS«HV  FRPSWH  WHQX  GX  PDQTXH  GH  UHSªUHV 266 FKURQRORJLTXHV  6HXOHV  OHV  SKDVHVbb¢bE  TXL  FRQFHUQHQW  OD  VHFRQGH  PRLWL«  GH Oɛ$QWLTXLW«HWOHVS«ULRGHVP«GL«YDOHHWPRGHUQHVHURQWGLVFXW«HVLFL 48 /D  SKDVHbbFRUUHVSRQG  ¢  XQ  H[KDXVVHPHQW  GX  SODQFKHU  IOXYLDO  ¢  SDUWLU  GXb,HUbV SRVW«ULHXUHPHQW¢XQHRFFXSDWLRQDXJXVW«HQQHHWMXVTXɛDX,,HRXDXb,,,HbVGHQRWUHªUH VRLWb  DS  -&  bsbb%3b  $$   (OOH  HVW  DVVRFL«H  ¢  XQH  UHPRQW«H WHPSRUDLUHGXQLYHDXK\GULTXH IRUPDWLRQGHOLPRQVWRXUEHX[ /HVSUHPLªUHVDQDO\VHV PDODFRORJLTXHVU«DOLV«HVVXUODV«TXHQFHGH&DGHURXVVH/HV&U«PDGHVFRQIRUWHQW OɛLG«HGɛXQHUHPRQW«HGHOɛDTXLIªUHDXP¬PHPRPHQW 3H\ULF0DJQLQ¢SDUD°WUH >ILJ @ FIG. 111 Corrélation entre les données pédosédimentaires (J.-F. Berger), les données malacologiques (F. Magnin) et les données pédo-anthracologiques (S. Thiébault) issues du sondage de Caderousse/Les Crémades (confluence Rhône-Aygues, Vaucluse). La courbe malacologique révèle la forte variation des aquifères au cours du premier millénaire de notre ère (phases de remontée importante et durable de la nappe associée à une paludification et phases de baisse associée à l’extension de prairies plus xériques). Les données pédologiques de terrain sont en bonne concordance avec les ambiances paléoenvironnementales successives révélées par les assemblages malacologiques (d’apr. Berger 2001). 49 /HV  QLYHDX[  VXS«ULHXUV  GH  FHV  FRXFKHV  GɛDOOXYLRQV  SKDVHb  VRQW  SOXV  R[\G«V  GH FRORUDWLRQJULVEUXQSOXVRXPRLQVFODLUHWSU«VHQWHQWXQHVWUXFWXUHJUXPHOHXVH/HV SURFHVVXV  S«GRORJLTXHV  DSSDUDLVVHQW  PLHX[  H[SULP«V  /HV  DTXLIªUHV  SOXV  EDV  HW  GHV SU«FLSLWDWLRQVGHFDUERQDWHVVHFRQGDLUHVVRQWSRQFWXHOOHPHQWREVHUY«VVRXVIRUPHGH SHWLWVQRGXOHVFDUERQDW«VPLOOLP«WULTXHV'HVYHVWLJHVDQWLTXHVVRQWVRXYHQWLGHQWLIL«V HQVXUIDFHPDLVUDUHPHQWELHQGDW«VH[FHSW«VXUOHVLWHGH&DGHURXVVH/HVb1«JDGHVR» XQOLW«SDUVGHF«UDPLTXHVR[\G«HVPLFDF«HVLQGLTXHOH%DV(PSLUH ,,,H,9HV 'HVGDWHV DX  UDGLRFDUERQH  HQ  FRXUV  SHUPHWWURQW  GH  FRQILUPHU  OɛDWWULEXWLRQ  FKURQRORJLTXH  GH FHWWH  SKDVH  S«GRV«GLPHQWDLUH   8Q  QRXYHO  H[KDXVVHPHQW  IOXYLDO  VH  SURGXLW  ¢  OD FKDUQLªUH$QWLTXLW«0R\HQ„JH SKDVHb ,OHVWLPSRUWDQWFDUOɛ«SDLVVHXUGHVG«S¶WV DSSDUD°W  WRXMRXUV  VXS«ULHXUH  RX  «JDOH  ¢bbP  HW  DWWHLQW  SDUIRLVbbP  FH  TXL UHSU«VHQWHXQHDFFU«WLRQPR\HQQHGHbbPPSDUDQ/HVSURFHVVXVV«GLPHQWDLUHVVRQW GLVFRQWLQXV  U«JXOLªUHPHQW  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estimation de la durée de la pédogenèse du haut Moyen Âge au sein des différentes unités de paysages traversées par le tracé du TGV-Méditerranée, par les marqueurs chronoculturels et radiocarbone. 271 FIG. 113 Les sols du haut Moyen Âge sur différents sites archéologiques : a La Garde-Adhémar/Surel, audessus d’une voie antique ; b Mondragon/ Les Brassières, au-dessus d’un fossé de drainage antique ; c Chabrillan/ Saint-Martin 1, au-dessus des niveaux alluvio-colluviaux tardo-antiques et en concordance stratigraphique avec un large fossé médiéval associé à l’occupation du prieuré (XIe‑XIIIe s.) ; d La Garde-Adhémar/ Surel associé à une couche alluviocolluviale à vestiges antiques roulés ; e Caderousse/Les Crémades, dans la plaine d’Orange au-dessus d’une voie antique (noter ici sa forte structuration prismatique). b 14.4.2 Caractères macroscopiques de terrain 60 &HSDO«RVROVɛHVWFRQVWLWX«VXUOHVG«S¶WVGɛDOOXYLRQVRXGHFROOXYLRQV VRXYHQW«SDLV 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DUFK«RORJLTXHV  &KDEULOODQ6DLQW 0DUWLQ0RQWERXFKHUVXU-DEURQ&RQVWDQWLQ  61 /ɛHQVHPEOHGHFHVFDUDFWªUHVYLVXHOVIDLWTXHFHSDO«RVROHVWDLV«PHQWUHS«UDEOHVXUOH WHUUDLQHWTXɛLOSHXWVHUYLUGHUHSªUHFKURQRVWUDWLJUDSKLTXH 272 b 14.4.3 Caractères microscopiques et géochimiques 62 /HV  FDUDFW«ULVDWLRQV  WD[RQRPLTXHV  «YRTX«HV  GDQV  FH  SDUDJUDSKH  VRQW  WLU«HV  GX 5«I«UHQWLHOS«GRORJLTXH $IHV «WDEOLSRXUODFODVVLILFDWLRQGHVVROVGHVXUIDFH(OOHV VRQW¢FHWLWUHVXMHWWHV¢FDXWLRQFRPSWHWHQXGHODFRPSOH[LW«¢G«FULUHGHVSDO«RVROV VRXYHQWWURQTX«VGRQFG«SRXUYXVGHOHXUVKRUL]RQVVXS«ULHXUV RUJDQRPLQ«UDX[ HW GɛXQHXWLOLVDWLRQUHVWUHLQWHGHGRQQ«HVDQDO\WLTXHV FKRL[GHVDXWHXUV  63 /ɛ«WXGHPLFURPRUSKRORJLTXHGHFHVSDO«RVROVD«W«HQWUHSULVHJU¤FHDXSU«OªYHPHQWGH EORFVGHV«GLPHQWQRQSHUWXUE«V(OOHDSRUW«VXUOHVFDUDFWªUHVV«GLPHQWDLUHVGLVFUHWV GHVSDO«RVROV«FKDQWLOORQQ«VGDQVOHEXWGHGLVFXWHUGHVSURFHVVXVGHS«GRJHQªVHHW GɛDQWKURSLVDWLRQGHVVROVDX0R\HQ„JH ILJ &HVDQDO\VHVPLFURVFRSLTXHVRQW «W«FRPSO«W«HVSRQFWXHOOHPHQWSDUGHVDQDO\VHVSK\VLFRFKLPLTXHVJUDQXORP«WULTXHV 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&HWWHDFWLYLW« GHV  YHUV  GH  WHUUH  VH  WUDGXLW  «JDOHPHQW  SDU  OD  SU«VHQFH  GH  QRPEUHX[  JUDQXOHV FDOFLWLTXHV  UDGLDLUHV  FRQQXV  GDQV  OD  OLWW«UDWXUH  VRXV  OH  QRP  GH  ELRVSK«UR±GHV  FI ib >ILJD@SURGXLWELRJ«QLTXHGHVORPEULFLHQV 273 FIG. 114 Lames minces du paléosol médiéval : a concentration de biosphéroïdes de lombricidés au sein de la matrice du sol (Mondragon/Les Ribauds, V-X, x 40) ; b cellules calcifiées racinaires en connexion dans un chenal biologique (Mondragon/ Les Brassières, sondage 75/30, LN, x 20) ; c comblement d’un chenal biologique en forme de demi-cercle par des cellules calcifiées racinaires (Upie 2, Tranchée 300m250, LN, x 40) ; d zoom sur une coupe transversale à tangentielle d’un assemblage de cellules calcifiées racinaires. Noter la présence de trois canaux centraux à la racine, non calcifiés (Mondragon/ Les Brassières, sondage 4/3, LP, x 100) ; e revêtement pelliculaire de CaC03 micritique le long d’une porosité en chenal (Crest/Bourbousson 1, Tranchée 16-m2, LN, x 40) ; f microstructure grenue. De petites fissures délimitent les petits agrégats ovoïdes à arrondis (Mondragon/ Les Ribauds, F17/18-28b, LN, x 20) ; g microstructure polyédrique à prismatique avec fissures et nombreux petits chenaux de type racinaire (herbacée ?) et microponctutation de la masse basale par des précipitations de fer et manganèse sur des supports organiques plus ou moins humifiés ; h microstructure grenue à micropolyédrique associée à une porosité fissurale interagrégats développée et à quelques chambres (Upie 2, tranchée 300-m250, LN, x 40) ; i microstructure grenue à subpolyédrique avec quelques longs chenaux racinaires à revêtements argileux épars (Mondragon/ Les Ribauds, F17/18-28b, LN, x 8) ; j concentration d’une microporosité canaliculaire de type racinaire (herbacée ?) orientée verticalement et microponctuation du plasma par des sesquioxydes (Mondragon/Les Brassières, sondage 4/2, Llnc., x 16). 274 TABL. IV TABL. IV (suite et fin) Comparaison à l’échelle microscopique des principales signatures pédosédimentaires et anthropiques enregistrées dans les paléosols de la période du haut Moyen Âge. 64 /DPLFURVWUXFWXUHGHFHVVROVHVWVRXYHQWELHQG«YHORSS«H(OOHVHSU«VHQWHVRXVIRUPH GHSHWLWVDJU«JDWV LQIUDFHQWLP«WULTXHVGHIRUPHJUHQXHRXPLFURSRO\«GULTXHGDQVOHV VHFWHXUV  OHV  PLHX[  GUDLQ«V  WDEO  ,9  ILJ       (OOH  SDVVH  ¢  XQH  PRUSKRORJLH SULVPDWLTXH FHQWLP«WULTXHRXSHXWSDUIRLV¬WUHDEVHQWH PDVVLYH GDQVOHVVHFWHXUVGH WUªVEDVVHSODLQHDOOXYLDOH ILJ  275 FIG. 115 Lames minces du paléosol médiéval : a nodules ferro-manganiques subarrondis à digités (Mondragon/Les Brassières, sondage 4/3, LP, x 20) ; b revêtements argilo-silteux brun foncé, mal orientés ; concentrés le long de la porosité interagrégats (Mondragon/Les Ribauds, F17/18-28b, LN, x 100) ; c revêtements argilo-silteux brun foncé épais en voie d’intégration dans la masse basale (Mondragon/Les Brassières, sondage 75/30, LN, x 40) ; d macrocharbons et petit tesson très roulé dans une masse basale brune très bioturbée et microagrégée (Upie 2, tranchée 200-m15, LN, x 18) ; e ponctuation de la masse basale par des microfragments organiques humifiés ou amorphes et des microcharbons responsable de l’assombrissement du sol (Mondragon/Les Ribauds, F17/18-28b, LN, x 40) ; f fort enrichissement en macrocharbons, en voie d’intégration dans une masse basale microagrégée à gravillons épars (Upie 2, tranchée 200- m15, LN, x 7) ; g concentration de macrocharbons de bois dans une masse basale totalement organisée par l’activité biologique excrémentale (Chabrillan/ Saint-Martin 3, 7/6, LN, x 20) ; h macrocharbons montrant une organisation cellulaire et revêtement argilo-micritique en périphérie d’une porosité canaliculaire (Crest/Bourbousson 1, tranchée 16-m2, LN, x 40) ; i revêtement argilo-poussiéreux à microinclusions d’éléments organiques ou charbonneux en périphérie d’une porosité polyconcave (Chabrillan/Saint-Martin 3, 7/6, LN, x 100) ; j petit 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V«TXHQFHVGX7*90«GLWHUUDQ«HSDUXQKRUL]RQFDOFLTXH,OVHUDLWSU«FRFHGªVODILQGX ,9HVHQ7ULFDVWLQHWGDQVODSODLQHGɛ2UDQJH GHUQLHUTXDUWGX ,9HVHWSUHPLªUHPRLWL« YRLUHILQGX9HVHQ/DQJXHGRF HWSRXUUDLWVɛ«WHQGUHMXVTXɛDX9,HV FIG. 116 Variations hydrologiques et pédoclimatiques de la moyenne vallée du Rhône (tronçons nord et sud du secteur II du TGV-Méditerranée) comparées aux évolutions d’autres hydrosystèmes et géosystèmes continentaux régionaux et d’Europe occidentale, ainsi qu’à l’activité solaire : 1 d’apr. Borel et al. 1998 ; 2 d’apr. Magny 1993 ; 3 d’apr. Bravard et al. 1997 ; 4 d’apr. Provansal et al. 1999 ; 5, 6 d’apr. Berger, Brochier à paraître ; 7 d’apr. Zoller 1977, et Magny 1992 ; 8 d’apr. Bortenschlager 1977 ; 9 d’apr. 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VI Résultats carpologiques (ent. semences entières ; fg. fragments de semences ; cf. certainement ; / ou). TABL. VI (suite) Résultats carpologiques (ent. semences entières ; fg. fragments de semences ; cf. certainement ; / ou). 324 TABL. VI (suite et fin) Résultats carpologiques (ent. semences entières ; fg. fragments de semences ; cf. certainement ; / ou). TABL. VII Plantes attestées sur les différents sites (cf. certainement, / ou). 7 3RXUOHVHQVHPEOHVOHVSOXVULFKHVOHVGRQQ«HVVRQW«JDOHPHQWSU«VHQW«HVVRXVIRUPH GHJUDSKLTXHVPRQWUDQWOHVSURSRUWLRQVGHVWD[RQVOHVSOXVLPSRUWDQWVGɛDSUªVOHXU QRPEUH  GH  UHVWHV  'H  OD  IUDJPHQWDWLRQ  GH  FHUWDLQV  UHVWHV  U«VXOWH  XQH  LPSRUWDQWH GLIILFXOW«GHTXDQWLILFDWLRQ1RXVDYRQVFKRLVLGHGLYLVHUV\VW«PDWLTXHPHQWOHQRPEUH 325 GHIUDJPHQWVSDUGHX[,OVɛDJLWGɛXQHDSSUR[LPDWLRQTXLQHSHXW¬WUH«YDOX«HTXHGDQV GHV  FDV  SU«FLV  3RXU  OHV  HQVHPEOHV  OHV  SOXV  ULFKHV  GH  0RQWERXFKHUVXU-DEURQ   &RQVWDQWLQ  HW  GH  &K¤WHDXQHXIVXU,VªUH    %HDXPH  OHV  PDVVHV  GH  VHPHQFHV  HW  GH IUDJPHQWV  RQW  SX  ¬WUH  PHVXU«HV  &RQQDLVVDQW  OD  PDVVH  GɛXQ  QRPEUH  GRQQ«  GH VHPHQFHVRQSHXW«YDOXHUSU«FLV«PHQWOHQRPEUHGHVHPHQFHVUHSU«VHQW«SDUXQH PDVVH  PHVXU«H  GH  IUDJPHQWV  2Q  REWLHQW  DORUV  XQ  U«VXOWDW  FRPSDUDEOH  RX  XQ  SHX VXS«ULHXUDXFKLIIUHREWHQXHQGLYLVDQWOHQRPEUHGHIUDJPHQWVSDUGHX[ b 16.3 Montboucher-sur-Jabron / Constantin 8 /HVVHPHQFHVUHFXHLOOLHVHW«WXGL«HVVXUOHVLWHGH&RQVWDQWLQDSSDUWLHQQHQW¢GHX[ HQVHPEOHV  FKURQRORJLTXHV  /H  ORW  GH  VHPHQFHV  GDW«HV  GHV  9,H9,,H V  SURYLHQW  GX FRPEOHPHQWVHPEOHWLOQDWXUHOGHGHX[IRVVHVD\DQWSHXW¬WUHSRVV«G«XQHIRQFWLRQ SULPDLUHGHVWRFNDJH/ɛHQVHPEOHGX;,HVVHFRPSRVHGɛXQ«FKDQWLOORQLVVXGɛXQHIRVVH GHP¬PHQDWXUHTXHOHVSU«F«GHQWHVHWGHSOXVLHXUV«FKDQWLOORQVFROOHFW«V¢OɛLQW«ULHXU GɛXQE¤WLPHQW E¤W% ,OVɛDJLWSRXUFHVGHUQLHUVGHSU«OªYHPHQWVHIIHFWX«VGDQVOH V«GLPHQWFRQWHQXGDQVGHX[YDVHVHQF«UDPLTXHHWXQFRIIUHHQERLV/HVSU«OªYHPHQWV UHSU«VHQWHQWbbGHV«GLPHQW¢OɛH[FHSWLRQGXFRQWHQXGHVYDVHVTXLIXWSU«OHY«HQ WRWDOLW« TXHOTXHVOLWUHV HWGɛXQ«FKDQWLOORQGHbbOSULVGDQVOHFRIIUHSRXU¬WUHREVHUY« ILQHPHQWHQODERUDWRLUH/HVFDUSRUHVWHVSU«VHQWHQWGDQVOɛHQVHPEOHXQERQ«WDWGH FRQVHUYDWLRQ  0DOJU«  XQH  IUDJPHQWDWLRQ  SDUIRLV  LPSRUWDQWH  OHV  VHPHQFHV  VRQW IDLEOHPHQW«URG«HVHWRIIUHQWGHERQQHVFRQGLWLRQVGHG«WHUPLQDWLRQ b Première phase d’occupation (VIe-VIIe s.) 9 &HWHQVHPEOHWUªVOLPLW«VHFRPSRVHGHGHX[«FKDQWLOORQVD\DQWOLYU«bbUHVWHVDXWRWDO WDEO9,, /HPLOOHWFRPPXQ 3DQLFXPPLOLDFHXP/ HVWOHVHXOUHSU«VHQWDQWGHVSODQWHV GRPHVWLTXHV  J«Q«UDOHPHQW  FXOWLY«HV  /HV  SODQWHV  VDXYDJHV  VRQW  SOXV  YDUL«HV  7URLV HVSªFHV  KHUEDF«HV  VRQW  FRUUHFWHPHQW  LGHQWLIL«HV  +RUPLV  OH  JDLOOHW  FURLVHWWH  *DOLXP FUXFLDWD / 6FRS LOVɛDJLWYUDLVHPEODEOHPHQWGHPDXYDLVHVKHUEHVGHVFXOWXUHV b Seconde phase d’occupation (XIe s.) 10 'DQVXQHIRVVHRQW«W«WURXY«VTXHOTXHVUHVWHVSDUPLOHVTXHOVRQUHPDUTXHODSU«VHQFH GX  EO«  QX  7ULWLFXP  DHVWLYXPGXUXP  HW  GX  PLOOHW  FRPPXQ  WDEO  9,,,   &HX[FL  VRQW DFFRPSDJQ«VGXFK¬QH 4DHUFXVVS HWGHSOXVLHXUVKHUEDF«HVVDXYDJHVJ«Q«UDOHPHQW GHVPDXYDLVHVKHUEHV&HSHQGDQWOɛHVVHQWLHOGHODGRFXPHQWDWLRQSURYLHQWGXE¤WLPHQW WDEO,;HWb;  326 TABL. VIII Montboucher-sur-Jabron / Constantin : échantillons prélevés dans les fosses (ent. semences entières, fg. fragments de semences, cf. certainement, / ou). TABL. IX Montboucher-sur-Jabron / Constantin : bâtiment du XIe s., contenu des céramiques (ent. semences entières, fg. fragments de semences, cf. certainement ; / ou). 327 TABL. X Montboucher-sur-Jabron / Constantin : bâtiment du XIe s., contenu du coffre en bois (ent. semences entières, fg. fragments de semences, cf. certainement ; / ou). 11 $ORUV  TXɛXQ  YDVH  FRQWHQDLW  SHX  GH  FDUSRUHVWHV  OH  VHFRQG  HVW  EHDXFRXS  SOXV  ULFKH /ɛ«FKDQWLOORQHVWGRPLQ«¢bbSDUOHVJHVVHV ILJ /DbGLVWLQFWLRQGHVGHX[HVSªFHV GHJHVVHVFXOWLY«HVJHVVHFKLFKH /DWK\UXVFLFHUD/ HWJHVVHMDURVVH /DWK\UXVVDWLYXV/  HVWGLIILFLOH¢SDUWLUGHVVHPHQFHV6HXOHVOHVGRQQ«HVELRP«WULTXHVSHXYHQWFRQVWLWXHU XQ  «O«PHQW  GH  GLDJQRVWLF  /HV  PHVXUHV  GH  ODUJHXU  HIIHFWX«HV  VXUbbLQGLYLGXV SURYHQDQWGHODSDUWLHP«GLDQHGHODJRXVVHHWbbLQGLYLGXVSURYHQDQWGHODSDUWLH WHUPLQDOHFRPSDU«HVDX[GRQQ«HVSXEOL«HVSDU+.UROO  SRXUGHVJUDLQHVGH Oɛ¤JHGX%URQ]HDQFLHQ¢'LPLQL *UªFH QHVɛLQVFULYHQWSDVH[DFWHPHQWGDQVOɛXQHRX OɛDXWUH  GHV  GHX[  SRSXODWLRQV  ILJ     (OOHV  VH  UDSSURFKHQW  WRXWHIRLV  GHV  YDOHXUV DWWULEX«HV¢ODJHVVHFKLFKH/DODUJHXUPR\HQQH bPP GHVLQGLYLGXVWHUPLQDX[GH &RQVWDQWLQVHSODFHDXFüXUGHOɛLQWHUYDOOHGHODSRSXODWLRQGH'LPLQL&HSHQGDQWOD ODUJHXUPR\HQQHGHVLQGLYLGXVP«GLDQV bPP VHVLWXH¢OɛLQW«ULHXUGXGRPDLQHGH FKHYDXFKHPHQWHQWUHJHVVHVFKLFKHHWMDURVVH,OVHPEOHGRQFSOXVSUREDEOHTXHOHV JUDLQHVGH&RQVWDQWLQDSSDUWLHQQHQW¢ODJHVVHFKLFKH 328 FIG. 120 Montboucher-sur-Jabron / Constantin, bâtiment du XIe s., position et composition des ensembles carpologiques. FIG. 121 Comparaison de la largeur des graines de gesse de Montboucher-sur-Jabron / Constantin (Drôme, France) et de Dimini (Grèce) d’après un échantillon de 100 individus (d’apr. Kroll 1979). 12 /HVVHPHQFHVSURYHQDQWGHFHYDVHJLVDLHQWVRXVIRUPHGHFRQFHQWUDWLRQ'HSOXVOH YDVHDYDLWVXELXQHWURQFDWXUHGXFROTXLSRXYDLWIDFLOLWHUODIRQFWLRQGHVWRFNDJH&HV REVHUYDWLRQV  DUFK«RORJLTXHV  DVVRFL«HV  ¢  OD  IRUWH  GRPLQDQFH  GɛXQH  HVSªFH  FXOWLY«H SHUPHWWHQWGHFRQFOXUHTXɛLOVɛDJLWGɛXQHSHWLWHU«VHUYHGHJUDLQHVGHJHVVHVFRQVHUY«HV GDQVXQYDVH/HVSODQWHVPLQRULWDLUHVGDQVFHW«FKDQWLOORQGRPHVWLTXHVRXVDXYDJHV SRXVVDLHQWYUDLVHPEODEOHPHQWHQSRVLWLRQGɛDGYHQWLFHVGDQVODFXOWXUHGHJHVVH 13 /HFRIIUHHQERLVSU«VHQWDLWXQHVLWXDWLRQFRPSDUDEOH/HVVHPHQFHVVHWURXYDLHQWVRXV IRUPHGHFRQFHQWUDWLRQ¢OɛLQW«ULHXUGHVG«EULVGHFHOXLFL/ɛHQVHPEOHHVWGRPLQ«¢ SUªV  GH  b  SDU  OH  EO«  QX  ILJ     OHV  DXWUHV  SODQWHV  «WDQW  SU«VHQWHV  GDQV  GHV SURSRUWLRQVWUªVIDLEOHV¢OɛH[FHSWLRQGXPLOOHWFRPPXQ SUªVGHbb 2QVHWURXYH PDQLIHVWHPHQWHQSU«VHQFHGɛXQHU«VHUYHGHEO«QX/HVHLJOH 6HFDOHFHUHDOH/ OɛRUJH SRO\VWLTXHY¬WXHOHPLOOHWGɛ,WDOLH 6HWDULDLWDOLFD / %HDXY HWOHVKHUEDF«HVVDXYDJHV UHSU«VHQWHQW  GHV  DGYHQWLFHV  /HXU  VLJQLILFDWLRQ  «FRORJLTXH  VHUD  GLVFXW«H XOW«ULHXUHPHQW  &RPSWH  WHQX  GX  QRPEUH  LPSRUWDQW  GH  VHPHQFHV  UHFXHLOOLHV  OD VLWXDWLRQGXPLOOHWFRPPXQHVWSOXVGLIILFLOH¢DSSU«KHQGHU/HVIUXLWVGHFHWWHF«U«DOH VRQWGHSHWLWHVGLPHQVLRQV/HXUQRPEUHQHUHSU«VHQWHGRQFSDVXQYROXPHbLPSRUWDQW SDUPLOHVJUDLQVGHEO«QXFHTXLQɛLQFOLQHSDV¢SHQVHUTXHOHPLOOHWFRPPXQ«WDLW 329 FXOWLY«HWVWRFN«YRORQWDLUHPHQWHQP«ODQJHDYHFOHEO«'ɛDXWUHSDUWODTXDQWLW«GH VHPHQFHV  VHPEOH  IRUWH  SRXU  XQH  SODQWH  FURLVVDQW  QDWXUHOOHPHQW  FRPPH  DGYHQWLFH 3HXW¬WUHOHPLOOHWFRPPXQUHSU«VHQWHWLOODF«U«DOHFXOWLY«HDYDQWOHEO«QXVXUOD SDUFHOOHb"8QVWRFNLPSRUWDQWGHVHPHQFHVDXUDLWDORUV«W«GLVSRQLEOHGDQVOHVROSRXU JHUPHU  DYHF  OH  VHPLV  GH  EO«  QX  ‚bPRLQV  TXɛLO  QH  VɛDJLVVH  GHV  JUDLQV  GH  PLOOHW FRQVWLWXDQWGHVWUDFHVGXVWRFND\DQWSU«F«G«OHEO«QXGDQVOHFRIIUH b 16.4 Upie / Les Vignarets 14 3OXVLHXUVSU«OªYHPHQWVV«GLPHQWDLUHVU«DOLV«V¢OɛLQW«ULHXUGXE¤WLPHQWGX ;H;,HVGHV 9LJQDUHWV 8SLH'U¶PH RQWOLYU«GHVVHPHQFHVFDUERQLV«HV WDEO;, &HVV«GLPHQWV SURYLHQQHQWGXQLYHDXGɛRFFXSDWLRQGXE¤WLPHQWHWGHVL[IRVVHVFUHXV«HV¢OɛLQW«ULHXU GH  FHOXLFL  &KDTXH  SU«OªYHPHQW  UHSU«VHQWH  XQ  YROXPH  GHbbO  GH  WHUUH  HQYLURQ  /D TXDOLW«GHFRQVHUYDWLRQGHVFDUSRUHVWHVQHU«Y«ODQWSDVGɛ«URVLRQSDUWLFXOLªUHSHXW ¬WUH  MXJ«H  VDWLVIDLVDQWH  &HUWDLQHV  IRVVHV  RQW  SX  SRVV«GHU  XQH  IRQFWLRQ  LQLWLDOH  GH VWRFNDJH&HSHQGDQWOHFDUDFWªUHGLIIXVGHVVHPHQFHVHWOHXUDVVRFLDWLRQDYHFGLYHUV «O«PHQWV  GH  UHMHW  ɘWHVVRQV  GH  F«UDPLTXH  FKDUERQV  GH  ERLV  PRELOLHU  P«WDOOLTXHɘ  ¢ OɛLQW«ULHXU  GHV  UHPSOLVVDJHV  ODLVVHQW  HQYLVDJHU  XQH  RULJLQH  SXUHPHQW  G«WULWLTXH  GHV YHVWLJHVVDQVGRXWHOL«HDX[G«FKHWVSURGXLWVTXRWLGLHQQHPHQWGDQVOɛKDELWDWHWQRQ¢ XQG«S¶WHQUDSSRUWDYHFXQHDFWLYLW«SU«FLVHFRPPHOHVWRFNDJH TABL. XI Upie/Les Vignarets (Xe-XIe s.) : échantillons de 20 l chacun environ (ent. semences entières, fg. fragments de semences, cf. certainement ; / ou). 15 /HV SODQWHV DWWHVW«HV ODLVVHQW DSSDUD°WUH XQH ERQQH YDUL«W« GH SODQWHV GRPHVWLTXHV QRWDPPHQW  GHV  F«U«DOHV  WDEO  9,  HW  ;,  ILJ     /H  EO«  QX  HVW  OH  WD[RQ  GRPLQDQW DYHFbb  GHV  UHVWHV  FROOHFW«V  /H  VHLJOH  HW  OɛRUJH  SRO\VWLTXH  Y¬WXH  RFFXSHQW  GHV SURSRUWLRQVSOXVPRGHVWHVPDLV«WDLHQWVDQVGRXWH«JDOHPHQWFXOWLY«V/ɛDEVHQFHGHV 330 «O«PHQWVGLVFULPLQDQWVQɛDSDVSHUPLVGɛLGHQWLILHUOɛDYRLQHFRPPHXQHIRUPHFXOWLY«H PDLVODSURSRUWLRQTXɛRFFXSHODSODQWHHQQRPEUHGHUHVWHVLPP«GLDWHPHQWDSUªVOH EO«QXVXSSRUWHFHWWHK\SRWKªVH3OXVLHXUVDXWUHVHVSªFHVGRPHVWLTXHVDIILFKHQWXQH SU«VHQFHEHDXFRXSSOXVGLVFUªWHHW¢OɛH[FHSWLRQGHODYLJQH 9LWLVYLQLIHUD/VXEVS YLQLIHUD LOHVWGLIILFLOHGHGLUHVLHOOHV«WDLHQWU«HOOHPHQWH[SORLW«HV2QFRPSWHSDUPL FHOOHVFLOHPLOOHWFRPPXQODOHQWLOOHSHXW¬WUHODYHVFHFXOWLY«H 9LFLDVDWLYD/ HWXQH IRUPH  GH  EO«  Y¬WX  YUDLVHPEODEOHPHQW  OɛDPLGRQQLHU  RX  Oɛ«SHDXWUH  7ULWLFXP FI GLFRFFXPKSHOWD  FIG. 122 Upie / Les Vignarets : proportions en nombre de restes des principaux taxons. 16 /HV  KHUEDF«HV  VDXYDJHV  SRVVªGHQW  GHV  FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHV  LQW«UHVVDQWHV  ,O  VɛDJLW  WRXW GɛDERUG  GH  TXDWUH  HVSªFHV  TXH  OɛRQ  UHQFRQWUH  DXMRXUGɛKXL  IU«TXHPPHQW  GDQV  OHV FXOWXUHVF«U«DOLªUHV2QSHXWHQVXLWHVRXOLJQHUOHXUIRUWHUHSU«VHQWDWLRQ bGXWRWDO GHVUHVWHV«WXGL«V GXHSULQFLSDOHPHQW¢ODSU«VHQFHPDUTX«HGHOɛLYUDLHHQLYUDQWH /ROLXPWHPXOHQWXP/ 2QUHPDUTXHHQILQODSU«VHQFHH[FOXVLYHGɛHVSªFHVSURGXLVDQW GHV  VHPHQFHV  GH  JUDQGHV  GLPHQVLRQV  SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQW  GLIILFLOHV  ¢  H[WUDLUH  GHV PRLVVRQVORUVGHVQHWWR\DJHV YDQQDJHVFULEODJHV &HFLSRXUUDLWLQGLTXHUTXHVHXOHV GHVU«FROWHVG«M¢QHWWR\«HVRQW«W«LQWURGXLWHVGDQVOHE¤WLPHQW,OIDXWPDOJU«WRXW JDUGHU ¢ OɛHVSULW TXH OH PRGH Gɛ«FKDQWLOORQQDJH SUDWLTX« D SX ¬WUH G«IDYRUDEOH DX[ SHWLWHVVHPHQFHVGHPDXYDLVHVKHUEHVHW¢FHUWDLQVYHVWLJHVGHYDQQHV b 16.5 Crest / Bourbousson 2 17 6HXOHVWURLVXQLW«VVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHVFRUUHVSRQGDQWDXUHPSOLVVDJHGHGHX[IRVVHVHW¢ XQHG«FKDUJHGHIR\HURQWSURFXU«GHVVHPHQFHVFDUERQLV«HVHQQRPEUHWUªVOLPLW« WDEO;,, 7RXVOHV«FKDQWLOORQVVRQWGDW«VGXb;Hɖ;,HbV/DVHXOHHVSªFHGRPHVWLTXHPLVH HQ«YLGHQFHHVWOHEO«QXTXLDSSDUD°WGDQVGHX[FRQWH[WHV(OOHVɛDFFRPSDJQHGɛXQH SODQWHGHIRXUU«VRXGHKDLHVOɛ«JODQWLHU 5RVDVS HWGɛXQHKHUEDF«HTXLSHXWFUR°WUH GDQVOHVFXOWXUHVGɛKLYHUOHJDLOOHWJUDWWHURQ *DOLXPDSDULQH/  331 TABL. XII Crest / Bourbousson 2 (Xe-XIe s.) : échantillons de 10 à 50 l chacun environ (ent. semences entières ; fg. fragments de semences, / ou). b 16.6 Aimargues / Saint-Gilles le Vieux 18 3DUPLODVRL[DQWDLQHGHIRVVHVVLORVIRXLOO«HV¢6DLQW*LOOHVOH9LHX[ $LPDUJXHV*DUG  KXLWRQWE«Q«ILFL«GɛXQ«FKDQWLOORQQDJHTXLDIRXUQLGHVVHPHQFHVDUFK«RORJLTXHV WDEO ;,,, &HVIRVVHVVHWURXYHQW¢OɛLQW«ULHXUGHGHX[GHVDLUHVGɛHQVLODJH DLUHV,HW9 /H PDW«ULHOF«UDPLTXHTXHɛOOHVFRQWHQDLHQWQɛDSDVWRXMRXUVDXWRULV«XQHGDWDWLRQSU«FLVH 6LFLQTGɛHQWUHHOOHVSHXYHQW¬WUHDWWULEX«HVDX[ ;H;,,HVOHVWURLVGHUQLªUHVVHVLWXHQW GDQV  XQH  IRXUFKHWWH  FKURQRORJLTXH  SOXV  ODUJH  9,,H;,,H V   ,O  HVW  Q«DQPRLQV YUDLVHPEODEOHTXHɛOOHVVRLHQWFRQWHPSRUDLQHVGHVSUHPLªUHVFDUOHVb;Hɖ;,,HbVVHPEOHQW FRUUHVSRQGUH  ¢  OD  S«ULRGH  GXUDQW  ODTXHOOH  OD  ]RQH  GɛHQVLODJH  VH  G«YHORSSH  OH  SOXV IRUWHPHQW  /HV  QHXI  SU«OªYHPHQWV  GH  V«GLPHQW  DWWHLJQDLHQW  XQ  YROXPH  GHbb¢bb FKDFXQHWRQWWRXV«W«WDPLV«VVXUXQFULEOHGHbbPP/HVFDUSRUHVWHVVHWURXYHQWGDQV XQ  «WDW  GH  FRQVHUYDWLRQ  VRXYHQW  P«GLRFUH  FH  TXL  D  SDUIRLV  GHV  FRQV«TXHQFHV  VXU OɛLGHQWLILFDWLRQGHFHUWDLQVWD[RQVIDLEOHPHQWUHSU«VHQW«V 332 TABL. XIII Aimargues / Saint-Gilles le Vieux (ent. semences entières, fg. fragments de semences, cf. certainement, / ou). 19 /HV  VHPHQFHV  WRXMRXUV  UHWURXY«HV  GH  ID©RQ  GLIIXVH  ¢  OɛLQW«ULHXU  GHV  VLORV  HW  HQ DVVRFLDWLRQDYHFGLYHUVW\SHVGHUHMHWVUHSU«VHQWHQWGHVG«FKHWVSHXW¬WUHSURGXLWVSDU OɛKDELWDW  TXL  VHPEOH  VH  G«YHORSSHU  ¢  SUR[LPLW«  HW  QRQ  OHV  U«VHUYHV  LQLWLDOHPHQW FRQVHUY«HVGDQVOHVVWUXFWXUHV/HVHVSªFHVDWWHVW«HVQHSRVVªGHQWGRQFDSULRULDXFXQ OLHQDJULFROHRXSK\WRVRFLRORJLTXHHQWUHHOOHV‚ODOXPLªUHGXIDLEOH«FKDQWLOORQQDJH GRQWQRXVGLVSRVRQVLOVHPEOHTXHOHVIRVVHVVLWX«HVGDQVIDLUHGɛHQVLODJH9UHQIHUPHQW XQHGHQVLW«HQFDUSRUHVWHVSOXV«OHY«HTXHOHVIRVVHVGHIDLUH,&HFLSRXUUDLW¬WUHOL«¢OD SUR[LPLW«GHOɛKDELWDW 20 /HV  WD[RQV  PLV  HQ  «YLGHQFH  VH  UDWWDFKHQW  SRXU  OD  SOXSDUW  DX  JURXSH  GHV  SODQWHV FXOWLY«HV  /HV  SURSRUWLRQV  HQWUH  OHV  SULQFLSDX[  WD[RQV  RX  JURXSHV  GH  SODQWHV  VRQW SDUWLHOOHPHQWLOOXVWU«HVSDUODILJXUHbIRQG«HXQLTXHPHQWVXUOHV«FKDQWLOORQVGDW«V VDQVDPELJX±W«GHV;H;,,HV2QUHPDUTXHSDUPLOHVF«U«DOHVODGRPLQDWLRQQHWWHGXEO« QX  HW  OD  SDUW  QRQ  Q«JOLJHDEOH  GH  IRUJH  Y¬WXH  &HV  GHX[  HVSªFHV  «WDLHQW YUDLVHPEODEOHPHQWFXOWLY«HV¢6DLQW*LOOHVOH9LHX['ɛDXWUHVF«U«DOHVQɛDSSDUDLVVHQW TXɛ¢Oɛ«WDWGHWUDFHVHWOHXUG«WHUPLQDWLRQP¬PHQɛHVWSDVWRWDOHPHQWDVVXU«H,OVɛDJLW GɛXQ  EO«  Y¬WX  DPLGRQQLHU  RX  «SHDXWUH  HW  GDQV  OHV  «FKDQWLOORQV  GDW«V  DYHF  XQH SU«FLVLRQ  PRLQGUH  GH  OɛHQJUDLQ  7ULWLFXP FI  PRQRFRFFXP /   GX  VHLJOH  HW  GX  PLOOHW LWDOLHQ/ɛDYRLQHQɛDSDVSX¬WUHDWWULEX«HGɛDSUªVOHVFULWªUHVDQDWRPLTXHV¢XQHIRUPH FXOWLY«H  RX  VDXYDJH  ‚  Oɛ«WDW  GH  WUDFHV  GDQV  GHX[  «FKDQWLOORQV  HOOH  VɛDIILUPH  SOXV IRUWHPHQWGDQVXQHIRVVHSUHQDQWODVHFRQGHSODFHDSUªVOHEO«QXFHTXLSRXUUDLW UHSU«VHQWHUXQLQGLFHW«QXGHVDPLVHHQFXOWXUH 333 FIG. 123 Aimargues / Saint-Gilles le Vieux : proportions en nombre de restes des principaux taxons présents dans les fosses des Xe-XIIe s. 21 6LOɛRQFRQVLGªUHOɛHQVHPEOHGHV«FKDQWLOORQVODSURSRUWLRQGHVJUDLQHVGHOHQWLOOHGRLW ¬WUH  QXDQF«H  SDU  UDSSRUW  DX  WDX[  TXL  DSSDUD°W  GDQV  OD  ILJXUHb  1«DQPRLQV  OD IU«TXHQFHDYHFODTXHOOHODSODQWHVHPDQLIHVWHGDQVOHV«FKDQWLOORQVHWOHQRPEUHWRWDO GH  VHV  UHVWHV  VRQW  GH  ERQV  «O«PHQWV  SRXU  FRQVLG«UHU  FHWWH  O«JXPLQHXVH  FRPPH HIIHFWLYHPHQWFXOWLY«H,OHQYDGLII«UHPPHQWGHVDXWUHVO«JXPLQHXVHVIªYH 9LFLDIDED / JHVVHHWSRLVFKLFKH FI&LFHUDULHWLQXP/ GRQWODIDLEOHUHSU«VHQWDWLRQQɛDXWRULVH DXFXQH  K\SRWKªVH  'H  SOXV  OHV  GHX[  GHUQLHUV  WD[RQV  QH  VRQW  SDV  LGHQWLIL«V  DYHF FHUWLWXGH 22 /HJURXSHGHVIUXLWLHUVVHFRPSRVHGHODYLJQHFXOWLY«HHWGHOɛROLYLHU 2OHDHXURSDHD/  /HVGHX[IUDJPHQWVGɛHQGRFDUSHVDSSDUWHQDQW¢FHGHUQLHULQGLTXHQWGHVQR\DX[GH SHWLWHVGLPHQVLRQV&HSHQGDQWODWDLOOHGHVQR\DX[QHSHXWSDV¬WUHFRQVLG«U«HFRPPH XQ  FULWªUH  SHUWLQHQW  SRXU  GLVWLQJXHU  ROLYLHU  VDXYDJH  HW  FXOWLY«  /HYHDX  HW  DO b 7HUUDOb  23 /HV  KHUEDF«HV  VDXYDJHV  VRQW  IDLEOHPHQW  UHSU«VHQW«HV  ,O  VɛDJLW  GDQV  WRXV  OHV  FDV  GH SODQWHVSURGXLVDQWGHVVHPHQFHVGHGLPHQVLRQVDVVH]JUDQGHV&HFLHVWFHUWDLQHPHQW G½¢OɛHPSORLGɛXQHPDLOOHGHWDPLVWURSO¤FKHTXLLPSOLTXHODGLVSDULWLRQGɛXQFHUWDLQ QRPEUH  GɛDGYHQWLFHV  &H  SK«QRPªQH  D  SX  «JDOHPHQW  ¬WUH  G«IDYRUDEOH  ¢  OD UHSU«VHQWDWLRQGHVPLOOHWV b 16.7 Chabrillan / Saint-Martin 24 3DUPLOHVQRPEUHX[SU«OªYHPHQWVHIIHFWX«VVXUOHVLWHGH6DLQW0DUWLQ&KDEULOODQ 'U¶PH YLQJWWURLVFRQWHQDLHQWGHVVHPHQFHVFDUERQLV«HVGɛ«SRTXHP«GL«YDOH ;H;,,,H 334 V &HX[FLVRQWRULJLQDLUHVGHVL[GHVGRX]H]RQHVG«ILQLHVVXUOHVLWH ]RQHVb bHWb HWSURYLHQQHQWGHFRQWH[WHVYDUL«VIRVVHVGLYHUVHVQLYHDX[FKDUERQQHX[OL«V ¢OɛXWLOLVDWLRQGHIRXUVHWFDODJHVGHSRWHDX[/HVSU«OªYHPHQWVFRUUHVSRQGHQW¢GHV YROXPHVGHbb¢bbOGHV«GLPHQWV/ɛ«URVLRQGHVFDUSRUHVWHVELHQTXHYDULDEOHHVWHQ UªJOHJ«Q«UDOHDVVH]IRUWH 25 /HV«FKDQWLOORQVSRVLWLIVVRQWU«SDUWLVVXUXQHODUJHVXUIDFH¢OɛLQW«ULHXUGXVLWHPDLVRQ UHPDUTXHGHX[]RQHVGHFRQFHQWUDWLRQ&HOOHVFLFRUUHVSRQGHQW«JDOHPHQW¢XQHSOXV JUDQGHULFKHVVHGHV«FKDQWLOORQVHQFDUSRUHVWHV/DSUHPLªUHSOXVSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQW «YLGHQWH  FRQFHUQH  OH  E¤WLPHQW  GX  ;,,H RX  G«EXW  GX  ;,,,H V  VLWX«  GDQV  OD  ]RQHb  /H GHX[LªPHHQVHPEOHHVWFRQVWLWX«GHIRVVHVOL«HV¢XQDXWUHE¤WLPHQWGDW«GHVb;Hɖ;,HbVHW ORFDOLV« HQ ]RQHb &HV FRQFHQWUDWLRQV SRXUUDLHQW U«VXOWHU GH OD SUR[LPLW« GHV OLHX[ GɛKDELWDWLRQIDYRULVDQWOɛDFFXPXODWLRQGHG«FKHWVGRPHVWLTXHV 26 /HV  U«VXOWDWV  REWHQXV  ILJ    WDEO  ;,9  ;9  ;9,  PRQWUHQW  XQH  JUDQGH  GLYHUVLW« FDUSRORJLTXHQRWDPPHQWSDUPLOHVSODQWHVGRPHVWLTXHV/DbGRFXPHQWDWLRQGLVSRQLEOH QH  SHUPHW  SDV  OD  SHUFHSWLRQ  GH  GLII«UHQFHV  HQWUH  «FKDQWLOORQV  GHV  ;H;,H V  HW «FKDQWLOORQVGHV;,,H;,,UV FIG. 124 Chabrillan / Saint-Martin (XIe-XIIIe s.) : proportions en nombre de restes des principaux taxons attestés. 335 TABL. XIV Chabrillan / Saint-Martin, zone 1 (XIIe-début XIIIe s.) : échantillons de 15 à 20 l chacun, ent. semences entières ; fg. fragments de semences, cf. certainement ; / ou). TABL. XV Chabrillan / Saint-Martin, zones 5 et 6 : échantillons de 15 à 20 l chacun (ent. semences entières, fg. fragments de semences, cf. certainement, / ou). 336 TABL. XVI Chabrillan / Saint-Martin, zones 7, 11 et 12 (XIe-début XIIIe s.) : échantillons de 15 à 20 l chacun (fg. fragments de semences, ent. semences entières). 27 (QFHTXLFRQFHUQHOHVF«U«DOHVOHEO«QXRFFXSHXQHWUªVIRUWHSURSRUWLRQDYHFbbGX WRWDO  GHV  UHVWHV  «WXGL«V  /H  PLOOHW  FRPPXQ  HW  OɛRUJH  SRO\VWLTXH  Y¬WXH  VHPEOHQW «JDOHPHQWFXOWLY«V,OVVRQWDWWHVW«VSDUXQQRPEUHFRQV«TXHQWGHYHVWLJHVHWOɛRUJH DSSDUD°W  GDQV  GH  QRPEUHX[  «FKDQWLOORQV  /H  FULWªUH  TXDQWLWDWLI  SRXUUDLW  «JDOHPHQW LQGLTXHU  XQH  H[SORLWDWLRQ  GH  OɛDYRLQH  TXL  HVW  P¬PH  GRPLQDQWH  ¢  OɛLQW«ULHXU  GɛXQ «FKDQWLOORQ ]RQHb86b /ɛLGHQWLILFDWLRQVS«FLILTXHDWRXWHIRLV«W«HQFRUHXQHIRLV LPSRVVLEOH/HVHLJOHHWOHPLOOHWLWDOLHQVRQWHQUHYDQFKHEHDXFRXSSOXVGLVFUHWV 28 /HJURXSHGHVO«JXPLQHXVHV«JDOHPHQWGLYHUVLIL«HVWFRQVWLWX«GHODIªYHGHODOHQWLOOH HW  GɛXQH  JHVVH  $XFXQH  GH  FHV  SODQWHV  QɛHVW  FHSHQGDQW  UHSU«VHQW«H  GH  ID©RQ VLJQLILFDWLYH/DSU«VHQFHGHGHX[VHPHQFHVGHFKDQYUH &DQQDELVVDWLYD/ GRLW¬WUH VRXOLJQ«H,OVɛDJLWGɛXQHSODQWHXWLOLV«HSRXUOHWH[WLOHRXSRXUODSURGXFWLRQGɛKXLOH 29 /D  IRUWH  IU«TXHQFH  GH  OD  YLJQH  FXOWLY«H  WUDGXLW  SUREDEOHPHQW  VD  FXOWXUH  ORFDOH  /HV UHVWHV  GH  QRLVHWWHV  &RU\OXV  DYHOODQD /  HW  GH  S«SLQV  GH  P½UHV  GX  URQFLHU  5XEXV IUXWLFRVXV /   HVSªFHV  TXH  OɛRQ  UHQFRQWUH  IU«TXHPPHQW  ¢  Oɛ«WDW  VDXYDJH  VRQW  SOXV SUREDEOHPHQWOHVLQGLFHVGɛXQHDFWLYLW«GHFXHLOOHWWH2QQHSHXWFHSHQGDQWSDVH[FOXUH ODPLVHHQFXOWXUHGXQRLVHWLHURXVRQHQWUHWLHQGDQVGHVHVSDFHVDP«QDJ«VFRPPHOHV KDLHV 30 /HJURXSHGHVSODQWHVVDXYDJHVFRPSRUWHXQHJUDQGHSDUWLHGHUHVWHVTXLQɛRQWSDVSX ¬WUH LGHQWLIL«V DYHF SU«FLVLRQ FRPSWH WHQX GH OHXU «WDW GH FRQVHUYDWLRQ /HV WD[RQV G«WHUPLQ«VGHID©RQVDWLVIDLVDQWHFRUUHVSRQGHQWSRXUODSOXSDUW¢GHVDGYHQWLFHV b 16.8 Châteauneuf-sur-Isère / Beaume 31 /HVQRPEUHX[HWGLYHUVUHVWHVFDUSRORJLTXHV«WXGL«VVXUOHVLWHGH&K¤WHDXQHXIVXU ,VªUH %HDXPH'U¶PH SURYLHQQHQWGHGLII«UHQWHVXQLW«VVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHVDSSDUWHQDQW ¢GHX[E¤WLPHQWVGHWHUUHHWSOXVSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWGHGHX[IRVVHVVLORVG«FRXYHUWHV¢ OɛLQW«ULHXU  GH  OɛXQ  GɛHX[  WDEO  ;9,,   3OXV  SU«FLV«PHQW  OHV  VHPHQFHV  VRQW  LVVXHV  GH QLYHDX[GHVROGɛRFFXSDWLRQHWGHGHVWUXFWLRQGHVE¤WLPHQWVDLQVLTXHGHGHX[QLYHDX[ GXUHPSOLVVDJHVHFRQGDLUHGHFKDTXHIRVVHVLOR7RXVOHVHQVHPEOHVVRQWGDW«VGHV;,,H ;,,,HV 337 TABL. XVII Châteauneuf-sur-Isère/Beaume (XIIe-XIIIe s.) [ent. semences entières ; fg. fragments de semences, cotyl. cotylédons, élem. élément, cf. certainement, / ou]. TABL. XVII (suite et fin) Châteauneuf-sur-Isère / Beaume (XIIe-XIIIe s.) [ent. semences entières ; fg. fragments de semences, cotyl. cotylédons, élem. élément, cf. certainement, / ou]. 32 /HVPRGHVGHSU«OªYHPHQWVGHVYHVWLJHVVRQWGHQDWXUHHWGHILDELOLW«YDULDEOHV/HV VHPHQFHVVRQWHQJ«Q«UDOELHQFRQVHUY«HVQRWDPPHQWSRXUOHVQLYHDX[OHVSOXVULFKHV (QFHTXLFRQFHUQHODFRXFKHGHSDLOOHGHODIRVVHVLORb 86b ODFRQVHUYDWLRQSHXW P¬PH  ¬WUH  TXDOLIL«H  GɛH[FHSWLRQQHOOH  FHUWDLQV  «O«PHQWV  H[WU¬PHPHQW  IUDJLOHV  QRXV «WDQWSDUYHQXV b 16.8.1 Les niveaux des deux bâtiments 33 /HV  TXDWUH  FRQWH[WHV  FRUUHVSRQGDQW  ¢  GHV  QLYHDX[  GH  VRO  GɛRFFXSDWLRQ  RX  GH GHVWUXFWLRQGHFHVGHX[E¤WLPHQWVRQWOLYU«GHVFDUSRUHVWHVHQQRPEUHYDULDEOH&HX[ FLVHWURXYDLHQWHQSRVLWLRQWUªVGLIIXVHGDQVOHVFRXFKHVP«ODQJ«VDYHFGLYHUVDXWUHV «O«PHQWV  DUFK«RORJLTXHV  /D  ILJXUHb  PRQWUH  XQH  GRPLQDWLRQ  QHWWH  GH  OD  OHQWLOOH &HWWHO«JXPLQHXVHHVWIRUWHPHQWOL«HDXE¤WLPHQWbbSRXUOHTXHOHOOHFRQVWLWXHODWUªV JUDQGHPDMRULW«GHVUHVWHV«WXGL«VVXJJ«UDQWDLQVLTXɛLOVɛDJLWGHVG«FKHWVGɛXQHSODQWH 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XVIII Châteauneuf-sur-Isère / Beaume : liste des unités stratigraphiques étudiées (NR dét. : nombre de restes déterminés ; NR total : nombre de restes total. b Résultats La matière osseuse 13 /HV  VXUIDFHV  RVVHXVHV  VRQW  IU«TXHPPHQW  DWWDTX«HV  FRQMRLQWHPHQW  SDU  OHV  UDGLFHOOHV Y«J«WDOHV HW SDU OHV DJHQWV SK\VLFRFKLPLTXHV GX VRO (Q UHYDQFKH Oɛ«SDLVVHXU HW OD WH[WXUHGHVSDURLVRVVHXVHVVRQWLQWDFWHV b 353 Les espèces 14 /HV G«QRPEUHPHQWV GɛHVSªFHV VRQW H[SRV«V HQ QRPEUH GH UHVWHV SDU WD[RQ GDQV OH WDEOHDX ;,; HQ QRPEUH PLQLPXP GɛLQGLYLGXV GDQV OH WDEOHDX ;; HW HQ QRPEUH GH UHVWHVSDURUJDQHSRXUOHVSULQFLSDX[WD[RQVGDQVOHWDEOHDX;;, TABL. XIX Châteauneuf-sur-Isère / Beaume : nombre de restes déterminés par unité stratigraphique. TABL. XX Châteauneuf-sur-Isère / Beaume : nombre minimum d’individus par taxon et par unité stratigraphique. TABL. XXI Châteauneuf-sur-Isère / Beaume : nombre de restes par organe, par taxon et par période (NR : nombre de restes). b 354 Les ovicaprins 15 /HVUHVWHVGHFHWD[RQVHU«SDUWLVVHQW«JDOHPHQWHQWUHOH ;,,,HHWOHVb ;,9Hɖ;9HbV$XFXQH SLªFH  DQDWRPLTXH  QɛHVW  GRPLQDQWH  GDQV  OD  FRPSRVLWLRQ  GHV  ORWV  6XUbbLQGLYLGXV bVRQWDGXOWHVHWbbHVWLQIDQWLOH3RXUODS«ULRGHGHVb;,9Hɖ;9HVXQHH[WU«PLW«GLVWDOHGH WLELD )86b HVWDWWULEX«HDXPRXWRQ %RHVVQHFNb HWXQHWURLVLªPHPRODLUH VXS«ULHXUHLVRO«HSU«VHQWHXQHXVXUHPR\HQQHmbb}LQGLTXDQWXQ¤JHGHbDQV b Les porcins 16 $XFXQUHVWHGHWUªVJUDQGHGLPHQVLRQQHSHUPHWGɛ«YRTXHUDYHFFHUWLWXGHODSU«VHQFH GXVDQJOLHU$XFXQRUJDQHQɛHVWSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWUHSU«VHQW«6XUbbLQGLYLGXVbVRQW DGXOWHVHWbbHVWMXY«QLOH7RXVOHVFULWªUHVGɛ¤JHVFRQYHUJHQWYHUVODFODVVHGHVMHXQHV DGXOWHVYHUVbbPRLVSDUXQHTXDWULªPHSU«PRODLUHQRQXV«H ) HQWUHbbHWbbDQVSDU XQHH[WU«PLW«SUR[LPDOHGHWLELDQRQ«SLSK\V«H 86b XQHH[WU«PLW«SUR[LPDOHGH WLELDQRQ«SLSK\V«H )86b HWXQHH[WU«PLW«SUR[LPDOHGɛKXP«UXVQRQ«SLSK\V«H )86b   'HX[  WDOXV  )86b  SHUPHWWHQW  GɛHVWLPHU  GHV  KDXWHXUV  DX  JDUURWb bHWbbFP 7HLFKHUWb  b Les bovins 17 /DGL]DLQHGHUHVWHVSURYLHQWGHbbDGXOWHVGRQWOɛXQDXPRLQVHVWMHXQHHQWUHbbHWbbDQV «SLSK\VHGLVWDOHGHI«PXUQRQV\QRVWRV«H >)86b@ b Les équidés 18 3U«VHQWV  GDQV  OHV  GHX[  S«ULRGHV  OHV  YHVWLJHV  GH  FH  WD[RQ  VH  FRQFHQWUHQW  GDQV  OHV IRVVHVbbHWb/DSUHPLªUHDOLYU«XQI«PXUHWXQWLELDJDXFKHVRULJLQHOOHPHQWHQWLHUV TXLSHXYHQWSDUIDLWHPHQWDSSDUWHQLU¢XQP¬PHLQGLYLGX/DVHFRQGHUHQIHUPDLWXQ FU¤QHHQFRQQH[LRQDYHFOHVVHSWYHUWªEUHVFHUYLFDOHVbTXHOTXHVG«EULVGHYHUWªEUHV WKRUDFLTXHVDLQVLTXHGHVPRUFHDX[GHVSUHPLªUHVF¶WHVW«PRLJQHQWGHODSU«VHQFHDX PRLQVLQLWLDOHPHQWGXWKRUD[GDQVOHSURORQJHPHQWGXFRX/ɛHQVHPEOHGHVRVVHPHQWV DSSDUWHQDLWSHXW¬WUH¢XQP¬PHFDGDYUHG«PDQWHO«ORUVGHOɛ«YROXWLRQXOW«ULHXUHGHOD VWUXFWXUHGDQVODTXHOOHLODYDLW«W«SODF«3DUDLOOHXUVXQPD[LOODLUHUHSRVDLWVXUOHOLWGH WXLOHVGXE¤WLPHQW& 86b  19 /HVPRUSKRORJLHVGHVUHOLHIVGɛ«PDLO (LVHQPDQQbb3HWHUVFRPPRUDOHb VXUOD IDFHRFFOXVDOHGHVGHQWVVRQWGHW\SHFDEDOOLQVXUXQHPDQGLEXOH ) XQPD[LOODLUH 86b 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Le chien 21 /HVbbUHVWHV  GH  FKLHQ  GRQWbbRQW  «W«  H[WUDLWV  GɛXQ  DPDV  GH  JDOHWV  )86b  SURYLHQQHQWGɛDXPRLQVXQMXY«QLOHHWVL[DGXOWHV/HXUIRUPDWHVWYDULDEOHFRPPH OɛLOOXVWUH  OD  FRXU  86b  R»  XQ  WLELD  SHUPHW  GɛHVWLPHU  XQH  KDXWHXU  DX  JDUURW  ¢ HQYLURQbbFP  FH  TXL  FRUUHVSRQG  ¢  XQ  mbJUDQGb}  FKLHQ  GH  JUDFLOLW«  mbPR\HQQHb} 8GUHVFX1LFRODHVFX3ORSVRU WDQGLVTXɛXQHODUJHXUGLDSK\VDLUHGɛXQVHFRQGWLELD HVWPRLWL«PRLQGUHGHFHOOHGHFHJUDQGWLELD b Le lapin 22 8QHPDQGLEXOHXQHPRLWL«GLVWDOHGHI«PXUHWXQHPRLWL«SUR[LPDOHGHWLELDWRXWHV GHX[QRQ«SLSK\V«HVHWXQHYHUWªEUHORPEDLUH )86b VRQWUDSSRUW«HV¢FHWD[RQ SDUOHVGLPHQVLRQVGHVSLªFHV b Les oiseaux 23 8QHXOQDGHSHWLWHWDLOOH )86b@HWXQWLELRWDUVH )86b DSSDUWLHQQHQW¢GHV SRXOHV DGXOWHV 8QH XOQD  )86b SU«VHQWH OD PRUSKRORJLH GɛXQ SDVVHULIRUPH GH W\SHWXUGLG« b Interprétation Taphonomie post-dépositionnelle 24 /ɛDOW«UDWLRQ  LPSRUWDQWH  GHV  VXUIDFHV  RVVHXVHV  W«PRLJQH  GɛXQ  FHUWDLQ  SRXYRLU GHVWUXFWHXU  GX  VRO  TXL  SRXUUDLW  HQ  SDUWLH  H[SOLTXHU  OD  UDUHW«  GHV  UHVWHV  GH  MHXQHV DQLPDX[  GRQW  OD  PDWLªUH  RVVHXVH  HVW  SOXV  IUDJLOH  7RXWHIRLV  LO  QH  SDUD°W  SDV  DVVH] SXLVVDQWSRXUDYRLUG«WUXLWWRWDOHPHQWOHXUVGHQWVEHDXFRXSSOXVU«VLVWDQWHVTXLVRQW SRXUWDQWDEVHQWHV 25 3DUDLOOHXUVLOHVWSRVVLEOHTXHGHVUHPDQLHPHQWVXOW«ULHXUVGHVV«GLPHQWVDLHQWSX LQIOXHU  VXU  OD  FRQVHUYDWLRQ  GH  FHUWDLQV  RVVHPHQWV  $LQVL  GDQV  OHV  IRVVHVbbHWb  OH VTXHOHWWHGɛ«TXLG«SHXWDYRLU«W«G«SRV«HQWLHUSXLVDYRLUHQJUDQGHSDUWLHGLVSDUX 26 ,OHVWGRQFGLIILFLOHGHVHSURQRQFHUVXUODTXDOLW«GHUHVWLWXWLRQGXPDW«ULHORVVHX[ G«SRV«SDUUDSSRUWDXPDW«ULHORVVHX[«WXGL«2QVXSSRVHUDGRQFGDQVODVXLWHGHFHV LQWHUSU«WDWLRQVTXɛLOUHSU«VHQWHFHTXLDXG«SDUW«WDLWG«SRV« b Nature des restes 27 (OOH  HVW  GLIILFLOH  ¢  G«ILQLU  /HV  SDUWLHV  DQDWRPLTXHV  HW  OHV  WUDFHV  GɛLQVWUXPHQWV W«PRLJQHQWGɛXQHG«FRXSHGHVDQLPDX[HWGɛXQHU«FXS«UDWLRQGHODYLDQGHGRQWOHEXW DOLPHQWDLUHHVWSOXVTXHSUREDEOH'DQVOɛDPDVGHJDOHWV )86b ODFRQFHQWUDWLRQ GHVUHVWHVGHFKLHQG«SRXUYXVGHWUDFHVODLVVHVXSSRVHUTXHFHWWHHVSªFHQɛDSDVVXELOH P¬PH  VRUW  TXH  OHV  DXWUHV  PDLV  LO  SHXW  VɛDJLU  GɛXQH  YDULDQWH  GDQV  OHV  SUDWLTXHV DOLPHQWDLUHV/HVUHVWHVGHODSLQSHXYHQWHX[DSSDUWHQLU¢XQDQLPDOLQWUXVLI 356 b Restes osseux et consommation de viande 28 /HV  UHVWHV  RVVHX[  PRQWUHQW  TXH  OɛDOLPHQWDWLRQ  FDUQ«H  UHSRVH  VXU  OHV  HVSªFHV WUDGLWLRQQHOOHVGX0R\HQ„JHGDQVOHVXGHVWGHOD)UDQFH )RUHVWbD DX[TXHOOHVOHV «TXLG«VSHXYHQW¬WUHDMRXW«V8QHTXDQWLILFDWLRQVRPPDLUHGHOɛDSSRUWFDUQ«¢SDUWLU GHV  10,  SHUPHW  GH  PHWWUH  HQ  «YLGHQFH  OH  U¶OH  SULQFLSDO  GHV  ERYLQV  HW  FHOXL  QRQ Q«JOLJHDEOHGHV«TXLG«V&KH]OHVSRUFLQVWRXVOHVLQGLFHVGɛ¤JHFRQYHUJHQWYHUVGH MHXQHVDGXOWHV b Restes osseux et élevage 29 /H WUªV IDLEOH YROXPH GɛRV GLVSRQLEOH SRXU FKDTXH S«ULRGH QH SHUPHW SDV GH JUDQG G«YHORSSHPHQWVXUOɛ«OHYDJH7RXWHIRLVODIRUWHSU«VHQFHGHV«TXLG«VSDUUDSSRUWDX[ HVSªFHVGHUHQWHHVWUHPDUTXDEOHQRWDPPHQWSDUVDIU«TXHQFHGɛDSSDULWLRQTXLHVW VXS«ULHXUH¢FHOOHVGHVSRUFLQVHWGHVERYLQV'HSOXVVXUXQP¬PHVLWHDXVHLQGɛXQH SHWLWHV«ULHRVVHXVHUªJQHXQHJUDQGHDPSOLWXGHGDQVOHIRUPDWGHVFKLHQVFHTXLVRXV HQWHQGXQHFHUWDLQHGLYHUVLW«GDQVOHXUIRQFWLRQbSDUH[HPSOHFKLHQGHJDUGHSRXUOHV JUDQGVGHFKDVVHGHFRPSDJQLHSRXUOHVSOXVSHWLWV b 17.2.3 Upie / Les Vignarets Matériel 30 /HV YHVWLJHV RVVHX[ IDXQLTXHV SURYLHQQHQW GH VHSW HQVHPEOHV VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHV WRXV GDW«VGHV;H;,HV WDEO;;,,  US structure datation NR dét. NR total  IRVVHb  ;H;,HV    FRXFKHDEDQGRQ ;H;,HV    IRVVHb ;H;,HV b   IRVVHb ;H;,HV b   WUDQFK«HU«FXSGXPXUb ;H;,HV    IRVVHb ;H;,HV b   IRVVHb ;H;,HV   TABL. XXII Upie / Les Vignarets : liste des unités stratigraphiques étudiées (NR dét. : nombre de restes déterminés ; NR total : nombre de restes total). b 357 Résultats 31 /ɛDFWLRQ  FRQMXJX«H  GHV  DJHQWV  SK\VLFRFKLPLTXHV  V«GLPHQWDLUHV  HW  GHV  UDGLFHOOHV Y«J«WDOHV  D  URQJ«  HQ  SURIRQGHXU  OD  PDWLªUH  RVVHXVH  (Q  FRQV«TXHQFH  OHV  RUJDQHV RVVHX[VRQWU«GXLWVOHSOXVVRXYHQW¢Oɛ«WDWGHG«EULVLQG«WHUPLQDEOHVVRLWbbGXWRWDO GHVUHVWHV WDEO;;,,,  TABL. XXIII Upie / Les Vignarets : nombre de restes déterminés par unité stratigraphique (NR : nombre de restes). 32 'L[  GHVbbUHVWHV  LGHQWLIL«V  VRQW  ERYLQV  WDEO  ;;,,,  ;;,9   /HV  UHVWHV  GH  ERYLQV  HW Gɛ«TXLG«V  VRQW  LVVXV  GɛDGXOWHV  /HV  ORQJXHXUV  GHV  SKDODQJHV  GH  ERYLQV  GH  OD  FRXFKH GɛDEDQGRQ  86b  VRQW  SHWLWHV  /H  IUDJPHQW  GɛH[WU«PLW«  GLVWDOH  GH  WLELD  Gɛ«TXLG« DGXOWHGHODWUDQFK«HGHU«FXS«UDWLRQGɛXQPXU 86b FRUUHVSRQG¢FHOOHGɛXQDQLPDO GɛHQYLURQbbPDXJDUURW/HVRYLFDSULQVVHVLJQDOHQWSDUXQHLQFLVLYHGɛDGXOWH/HV IUDJPHQWVGHWLELDHWGHILEXODG«ULYHQWGɛXQSRUFLQMXY«QLOH b Ovicaprins Porcins Bovins Équidés 0DQGLEXOH b b  b 'HQWVLQI  b b b +XP«UXV b b  b 5DGLXV b b  b )«PXU b b  b 7LELD b    )LEXOD b  b b 3KDODQJHb b b  b Total restes 1 2 10 1 TABL. XXIV Upie / Les Vignarets : nombre de restes par organe et par taxon. b 358 Interprétation 33 ‹WDQWGRQQ«OɛDFWLRQGHVWUXFWULFHWUªVLPSRUWDQWHGXVROLOHVW«YLGHQWTXHWRXWHVOHV SLªFHVIUDJLOHVMHXQHVDQLPDX[HVSªFHVGHSHWLWIRUPDWRQWSUREDEOHPHQWGLVSDUX'H SOXVOɛ«OLPLQDWLRQGHVVXUIDFHVRVVHXVHVDHIIDF«WRXWHWUDFHGHG«FRXSH/HPDW«ULHO «WXGL«QɛHVWGRQFSUREDEOHPHQWSDVUHSU«VHQWDWLIGHFHOXLG«SRV«FHTXLUHQGYDLQH WRXWH  LQWHUSU«WDWLRQ  7RXW  DX  SOXV  RQ  VLJQDOHUD  OD  SU«VHQFH  H[FOXVLYH  GɛHVSªFHV GRPHVWLTXHVFHOOHVGHUHQWHRYLFDSULQVSRUFLQVHWERYLQVPDLVDXVVLOHV«TXLG«V b 17.2.4 Crest / Bourbousson Matériel 34 /HVbb86GDW«HVGHV;HHW;,HVVHU«SDUWLVVHQWGDQVWURLVE¤WLPHQWVGRQWXQHIRUJHHW GDQVGHVIRVVHV WDEO;;9  TABL. XXV Crest / Bourbousson : liste des unités stratigraphiques étudiées (NR dét. : nombre de restes déterminés ; NR total : nombre de restes total). b Résultats État physique des ossements 35 6XLYDQWOHV86OɛDFWLRQGHVUDGLFHOOHVY«J«WDOHVHWGHVDJHQWVSK\VLFRFKLPLTXHVGXVRO HVW  SOXV  RX  PRLQV  PDUTX«H  (OOH  SHXW  ¬WUH  LQWHQVH  SXLVTXH  SDUIRLV  OHV  UDGLFHOOHV Y«J«WDOHVRQWDWWDTX«Oɛ«PDLOGHQWDLUHPDWLªUHSRXUWDQWWUªVFRPSDFWH b 359 Les espèces 36 /HVG«QRPEUHPHQWVGɛHVSªFHVVRQWH[SRV«VHQQRPEUHVGHUHVWHVSDUWD[RQGDQVOH WDEOHDX;;9,HQQRPEUHPLQLPXPGɛLQGLYLGXVGDQVOHWDEOHDX;;9,,HWHQQRPEUHGH UHVWHVSDURUJDQHSRXUOHVSULQFLSDX[WD[RQVGDQVOHWDEOHDX;;9,,, TABL. XXVI Crest / Bourbousson : nombre de restes déterminés par unité stratigraphique (NUS : nombre d’unités stratigraphiques ; NR : nombre de restes). TABL. XXVII Crest / Bourbousson : nombre minimum d’individus par taxon et par unité stratigraphique. TABL. XXVIII Crest / Bourbousson : nombre de restes par organe, par taxon et par période (NR : nombre de restes). b 360 Les ovicaprins 37 3OXV  GX  TXDUW  bVXUb  GHV  UHVWHV  GɛRYLFDSULQV  VRQW  GHV  FRUQLOORQV  SOXV  RX  PRLQV HQWLHUVDORUVTXHVHXOHPHQWWURLVDXWUHVSLªFHVGRQWGHX[GHQWVSURYLHQQHQWGHODW¬WH WDEO;;9,,, 6XUOHVbbLQGLYLGXVRULJLQHOVXQVHXOHVWMXY«QLOHWRXVOHVDXWUHVVRQW DGXOWHV WDEO;;9,, 'HX[LQGLFHVDSSDUWLHQQHQW¢GHVDGXOWHVPDWXUHVbXQGHbbDQV HQYLURQ  SDU  OɛXVXUH  DYDQF«H  mb7b}  GɛXQH  WURLVLªPH  PRODLUH  LQI«ULHXUH  6) 86b XQGHSOXVGHbbDQVSDUXQHDUWLFXODWLRQGLVWDOH«SLSK\V«HGHUDGLXV 6) 86b   +XLW  UHVWHV  GRQWbbFRUQLOORQV  VRQW  RYLQV  DORUV  TXH  bUHVWHV  VRQW  FDSULQV %RHVVQHFNb >WDEO;;,;@3DUPLOHVWUDFHVGHG«FRXSHQRXVPHQWLRQQHURQVOHFRXS GHWUDQFKHWDVVHQ«¢ODEDVHGHbbFRUQLOORQVSRXUOHVV«SDUHUGXFU¤QH8QP«WDFDUSH HQWLHU 6) IRXUQLWXQHSHWLWHKDXWHXUDXJDUURWGɛHQYLURQbbFP 7HLFKHUWb  TABL. XXIX Crest / Bourbousson : nombre de restes de mouton et de chèvre par organe et par période (NR : nombre de restes). b Les porcins 38 /HV  UHVWHV  GH  FH  WD[RQ  VRQW  DEVHQWV  GX  E¤WLPHQWb  WDEO  ;;9,   *OREDOHPHQW  OHV SULQFLSDX[RUJDQHVGXVTXHOHWWHVRQWSU«VHQWV WDEO;;9,,, $XFXQHSLªFHGHJUDQGHV GLPHQVLRQVQHSODLGHSRXUOɛLGHQWLILFDWLRQGXVDQJOLHU8QWLHUVGHVLQGLYLGXVQHVRQW SDVDGXOWHVbbLQIDQWLOHVHWbMXY«QLOHV WDEO;;9,, 8QGHVLQIDQWLOHVDPRLQVGHbbPRLV TXDWULªPH  SU«PRODLUH  ODFW«DOH  HQ  «UXSWLRQ  >6)86b@  8Q  GHV  MXY«QLOHV  D HQWUHbbHWbbPRLV  GHX[LªPH  PRODLUH  VXS«ULHXUH  HQ  «UXSWLRQ  >6)86b@  7URLV MHXQHVDGXOWHVVRQWLGHQWLIL«VGRQWXQGHPRLQVGHbbDQV H[WU«PLW«SUR[LPDOHGɛXOQD QRQIXVLRQQ«H >6)86b@HWXQHQWUHbbHWbbPRLV WURLVLªPHPRODLUHVRUWLHHW¢ XVXUHQRQFRPPHQF«HmbRb} >6)86b@'HX[FDQLQHVLQI«ULHXUHVGHIHPHOOHVRQW «W«  LVRO«HV  OɛXQH  GɛXQH  WRXWH  MHXQH  DGXOWH  XVXUH  QRQ  FRPPHQF«H  >6)86b@ OɛDXWUHGɛXQHWUXLH¤J«H GHQWWUªVXV«H¢UDFLQHSUHVTXHREOLW«U«H >6)86b@8Q WDOXV 686b SHUPHWGHFDOFXOHUXQHKDXWHXUDXJDUURWSURFKHGHbbFPFHTXLHVW SHWLWFRPPHOHVXJJªUHQWFHUWDLQHVDXWUHVYDOHXUVPHVXU«HVWHOOHTXɛXQHODUJHXUGHFRO GH  VFDSXOD  6)86b   ,QYHUVHPHQW  XQH  SKDODQJHbb 6)86b  HVW  DVVH] JUDQGH b Les bovins 39 3OXV  GX  WLHUV  GHV  UHVWHV  GH  FH  WD[RQ  VRQW  GHV  IUDJPHQWV  GH  F¶WHV  WDEO  ;;9,,,  /HVbbLQGLYLGXVUHFHQV«VVRQWWRXVDGXOWHV WDEO;;9,, 8QRVFR[DODXQHPRUSKRORJLH 361 GHW\SHIHPHOOH 6)86b 'HX[DXWUHVRVFR[DX[ 6)86bbHW6)86b VɛHQ  DSSURFKHQW  'HX[  GLPHQVLRQV  PHVXU«HV  ODUJHXU  GX  FRO  GɛXQH  VFDSXOD  6) 86b  HW  ODUJHXU  GH  OɛH[WU«PLW«  SUR[LPDOH  GɛXQ  P«WDFDUSH  6)86b   VRQW UHVSHFWLYHPHQWmbPR\HQQHb}HWmbSHWLWHb} )RUHVW5RGHW%HODUELb  b Les oiseaux 40 /HXUSU«VHQFHVHU«GXLW¢XQHGLDSK\VHGHWLELRWDUVHGHSRXOHHQS«ULRGHGHSRQWHɘFDU OHFDQDOP«GXOODLUHHVWSDUWLHOOHPHQWFRPEO«SDUXQG«S¶WPLQ«UDO 'ULYHUb ɘHW¢ XQHGLDSK\VHGHWDUVRP«WDWDUVHGHSRXOHG«SRXUYXGHG«S¶WHWGɛHUJRW b Interprétation Taphonomie post-dépositionnelle 41 &RPPH  OɛDFWLRQ  GHVWUXFWULFH  GX  VRO  HW  GHV  Y«J«WDX[  HVW  LPSRUWDQWH  XQH  SHUWH  GHV RVVHPHQWVSU«VHQWVLQLWLDOHPHQWQRWDPPHQWOHVSOXVIUDJLOHVHVWSRVVLEOH7RXWHIRLVOD SU«VHQFHGɛLQIDQWLOHVHWGHMXY«QLOHVSRUFLQVW«PRLJQHGɛXQHVXUYLYDQFHSDUWLHOOHGHFHV SLªFHVIUDJLOHV 42 2Q SHXW GRQF FRQVLG«UHU TXH GDQV XQH FHUWDLQH PHVXUH OHV UHVWHV RVVHX[ H[KXP«V GRQQHQWXQHLG«HDVVH]FRUUHFWHGXPRELOLHULQLWLDOHPHQWG«SRV« b Nature des restes 43 /DSU«VHQFHTXDVLH[FOXVLYHGHVHVSªFHVWUDGLWLRQQHOOHPHQWFRQVRPP«HVRYLFDSULQV SRUFLQVERYLQVSRXOHFKH]OHVRLVHDX[HWOHVWUDFHVGHG«FRXSHHQUHJLVWU«HVLQGLTXHQW TXɛLO  VɛDJLW  PDMRULWDLUHPHQW  GH  G«FKHWV  DOLPHQWDLUHV  7RXWHIRLV  OD  FRQFHQWUDWLRQ  GH FRUQLOORQVGɛRYLFDSULQVHWSOXVSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWGHPRXWRQIDLW«FKR¢OHXUHPSORL GDQVXQDUWLVDQDW b Restes osseux et consommation de viande 44 /DFRQVRPPDWLRQFDUQ«HVɛDSSXLHVXUOHVHVSªFHVFRXUDPPHQWPDQJ«HV )RUHVWbD  /ɛ«YDOXDWLRQTXDQWLWDWLYHSDUOH10,GHVSDUWVGHYLDQGHIRXUQLHVSDUOHVGLII«UHQWV WD[RQVGRQQHbbGHYLDQGHGHEüXIbGHSRUFHWbbGHPRXWRQFKªYUH/HV «TXLG«VVRQWDEVHQWV b Restes osseux et élevage 45 (Q  OɛDEVHQFH  GH  VS«FLDOLVDWLRQ  GDQV  OHV  SURGXLWV  LO  HVW  LPSRVVLEOH  GH  GLUH  VL  OHV FRQVRPPDWHXUVVRQWOHV«OHYHXUVRXQRQGHVDQLPDX[FRQVRPP«V(QFRQV«TXHQFHOD TXHVWLRQGHOɛ«OHYDJHQHSHXW¬WUHDERUG«H b Restes osseux et artisanat 46 /H  QRPEUH  GH  FRUQLOORQV  GɛRYLFDSULQV  HVW  WURS  LPSRUWDQW  SDU  UDSSRUW  DX[  DXWUHV RUJDQHVVTXHOHWWLTXHVHWSOXVSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQW¢FHX[GHODW¬WHTXDVLPHQWDEVHQWV,OV RQWGRQF«W«YRORQWDLUHPHQWDSSRUW«VVXUOHVLWHHWQRQUHMHW«VFRPPHG«FKHWVSXLVTXH GɛDXWUHV  RUJDQHV  KDELWXHOOHPHQW  FRQVLG«U«V  FRPPH  WHOV  SRXU  FHV  HVSªFHV  ɘUHVWHV FU¤QLHQVPDQGLEXOHVYHUWªEUHVɘPDQTXHQW(QOɛDEVHQFHGHSKDODQJHVTXLDVVRFL«HV 362 DX[FRUQLOORQVSODLGHUDLHQWSRXUXQHDFWLYLW«GHSHDXVVHULH 6HUMHDQWVRQb LOIDXW FRQYHQLUTXHFɛHVWODFRUQHTXLLQW«UHVVDLWOHVRFFXSDQWVGXVLWH&RPPHOHVFRUQLOORQV QHSRUWHQWDXFXQHWUDFHFHQɛHVWSUREDEOHPHQWSDVFHWWHSDUWLHGHODFRUQHTXL«WDLW UHFKHUFK«HPDLVFHTXLOɛHQYHORSSHOɛ«WXLFRUQ«(QOɛ«WDWDFWXHOGHQRVFRQQDLVVDQFHV GHX[DFWLYLW«VSU«FLVHVOɛHPSORLHQW/DSUHPLªUHHVWODFRUQHWHULHTXLWUDQVIRUPHOɛ«WXL FRUQ«HQREMHWVILQLV/DVHFRQGHHVWODP«WDOOXUJLHGXIHU(QHIIHWODPDWLªUHFRUQ«H\ LQWHUYLHQW  WUDGLWLRQQHOOHPHQW  SRXU  SURYRTXHU  XQ  DFL«UDJH  VXSHUILFLHO  GX  IHU  SDU F«PHQWDWLRQ %RLV)RUHVWb  47 /DSU«VHQFHGɛXQHIRUJHGDQVIDLUHGHIRXLOOHSODLGHSRXUFHWWHVHFRQGHK\SRWKªVHDYHF ODFR±QFLGHQFHTXHOHVHXOIUDJPHQWRVVHX[LGHQWLIL«GDQVOHVFRQWH[WHVGHODIRUJH ) 86b HVWMXVWHPHQWXQIUDJPHQWGHFRUQLOORQ/HV 48 FRUQLOORQVGɛRYLFDSULQVFRQVWLWXHUDLHQWXQHSUHXYHVXSSO«PHQWDLUHGXIRQFWLRQQHPHQW GH  OD  IRUJH  HQ  VLJQDODQW  XQH  WHFKQLTXH  SRLQWXH  PDLV  VLPSOH  GH  WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ TXDOLWDWLYHGXIHU7RXWHIRLVLOQHIDXWSDVRXEOLHUTXHODPDWLªUHFRUQ«HLQWHUYLHQWGDQV ODIDEULFDWLRQGɛ«O«PHQWVDQQH[HV¢ODP«WDOOXUJLHFRPPHOHVPDQFKHVGHFRXWHDXOHV FRUQLOORQV«WDEOLVVDQWDLQVLODMRQFWLRQHQWUHFRUQHWHULHHWP«WDOOXUJLH b 17.2.5 Chabrillan / Saint Martin Matériel 49 /HVYHVWLJHVIDXQLTXHVVRQWIRXUQLVSDUbb86DSSDUWHQDQW¢XQWRWDOGHbbVWUXFWXUHV WDEO;;; &HVXQLW«VVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHVSURYLHQQHQWHQQRPEUHVWUªVLQ«JDX[GHGLYHUV VHFWHXUVSXLVTXɛ¢OXLVHXOOHVHFWHXUQRUGOLYUHbb86/HVVWUXFWXUHVRULJLQHOOHVVRQW SULQFLSDOHPHQWGHVIRVVHV GHVbbVWUXFWXUHV /DGDWDWLRQUHWHQXHYDGX;,HDX ;,,HV DYHFSHXW¬WUHXQORWGX;,,,HV 86b  US Fait Remarque NR dét. NR total   WUDQFK«H     IRVVH     IRVVH     b     IRVVHVFRULHV     IRVVHVFRULHV     H[FDYDWLRQVFRULHV    b UHPEODL     IRVVH     IRVVH   363   IRVVH     IRVV«     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVR\DJH     IRVV«     IRVV«     IRVV«     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     UHPEODL     IRVVH   364   IRVVH     IRVVH     b     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     b     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     FRXFKH     H[FDYDWLRQ     IRVVH     IRVVH     IRVVH     VRXVb     bIRVVHV     IRVVH     IRVVH     WURXGHSRWHDX   365  b IRVVH   TABL. XXX Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : liste des unités stratigraphiques étudiées (NR dét. : nombre de restes, NR total : nombre de restes total). 50 &HUWDLQHVVWUXFWXUHVFRPPHOHVIRVVHVbFRPSWHQWbbRXbb86 $SUªVOHFWXUHGXUDSSRUWGHIRXLOOHVLOQRXVDVHPEO«TXHOɛLQGLYLGXDOLVDWLRQGHFKDTXH XQLW«  VWUDWLJUDSKLTXH  DX  VHLQ  GɛXQH  IRVVH  FRUUHVSRQGDLW  ¢  XQH  «WDSH  VLQJXOLªUH  GX FRPEOHPHQWb  DXVVL  QRXV  DYRQV  G«FLG«  GH  ODLVVHU  LQG«SHQGDQWH  FKDTXH  XQLW« VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHHWGHWUDYDLOOHUVXUFHWWHGLYLVLRQVWUDWLJUDSKLTXH b Résultats 51 /HQRPEUHWRWDOGHUHVWHVG«WHUPLQ«VGRQQHXQQRPEUHPR\HQGHUHVWHVSDUXQLW« VWUDWLJUDSKLTXH  IDLEOHb    /D  PDMRULW«  GHV  XQLW«V  VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHV    OLYUHQW  DX SOXVbbUHVWHV  &LQT  XQLW«V  VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHV  FRQWHQDQW  SOXV  GHbbUHVWHV  UHSU«VHQWHQW SUHVTXHODPRLWL«GXQRPEUHGHUHVWHVVRLWb&HWWHU«SDUWLWLRQFRQWUDVW«HLPSOLTXH TXH  OHV  UHVWHV  IDXQLTXHV  GRLYHQW  ¬WUH  LQWHUSU«W«V  FRPPH  XQ  HQVHPEOH  XQLTXH  HQ SRVWXODQWTXHOHVXQLW«VVWUDWLJUDSKLTXHVRQWUH©XGHPDQLªUHDO«DWRLUHOHVUHVWHVHW GRQF  TXH  OHV  LQIRUPDWLRQV  U«FROW«HV  UHSU«VHQWHQW  VWDWLVWLTXHPHQW  OɛHQVHPEOH  GX PRELOLHURVVHX[DEDQGRQQ« RXG«SRV« FHTXLUHYLHQW¢DVVLPLOHUOɛHQVHPEOHGHVXQLW«V VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHV  ¢  XQH  XQLTXH  VWUXFWXUH  7RXWHIRLV  FHFL  QH  QRXV  HPS¬FKHUD  SDV  GH VLJQDOHUGɛ«YHQWXHOOHVYDULDWLRQVVSDWLDOHV 52 'DQVWRXVOHVWDEOHDX[OHVU«VXOWDWVVRQWSU«VHQW«VJOREDOHPHQWSRXUOɛHQVHPEOHGX VLWH  4XDWUH  WDEOHDX[  FRQFHUQHQW  OHV  U«VXOWDWV  GHV  G«QRPEUHPHQWV  J«Q«UDX[  OHV QRPEUHVGHUHVWHVHWOHVIU«TXHQFHVGɛDSSDULWLRQGDQVOHWDEOHDX;;;,OHVQRPEUHV PLQLPXPGɛLQGLYLGXVGDQVOHWDEOHDX;;;,,OHVPDVVHVGHUHVWHVGDQVOHWDEOHDX;;;,,, /H  WDEOHDX  ;;;,9  H[SRVH  OHV  QRPEUHV  GH  UHVWHV  SDU  RUJDQH  VTXHOHWWLTXH  SRXU  OHV SULQFLSDX[WD[RQV 366 TABL. XXXI Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : nombre de restes et fréquence d’apparition par taxon (NR : nombre de restes ; FA : fréquence d’apparition). TABL. XXXII Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : nombre minimum d’individus et proportion de viande (Columeau 1991) [NMI : nombre minimum d’individus). 367 TABL. XXXIII Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : masse des restes pour les espèces principales, en grammes (MR : masse des restes). TABL. XXXIV Chabrillan/Saint-Martin : nombre de restes par organe pour les principaux taxons (NR : nombre de restes). b État physique des ossements 53 /DPDWLªUHRVVHXVHHVWJ«Q«UDOHPHQWELHQFRQVHUY«H/HVDJHQWVSK\VLFRFKLPLTXHVGX VROOɛRQWUHVSHFW«HFHSHQGDQWSDUIRLVOHVUDGLFHOOHVY«J«WDOHVRQWHQWDP«OHVVXUIDFHV RVVHXVHVFRPPHGDQVOɛ86b b 368 Les espèces Les ovicaprins 54 &H  WD[RQ  HVW  SU«VHQW  GDQVbb  GHV  XQLW«V  VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHV  WDEO  ;;;,   /H  TXDUW HQYLURQGHVbbUHVWHVSURYLHQWGHOɛ86bbVDQVTXHFHWWHFRQFHQWUDWLRQFRUUHVSRQGH ¢XQHSDUWLFXODULW«GXG«S¶WbGHVUHVWHVDSSDUWLHQQHQW¢ODW¬WHbDX[FHLQWXUHV HWUD\RQVSULQFLSDX[GHVPHPEUHV WDEO;;;,9 /HVDXWUHVYHVWLJHVG«ULYHQWGHOD FRORQQHYHUW«EUDOHHWGXWKRUD[/HVSHWLWVRVFRPPHOHVSKDODQJHVVRQWDEVHQWV 55 4XDWRU]H  UHVWHV  GRQWbbPDQGLEXOHV  GɛLQIDQWLOHVMXY«QLOHV  3D\QHb   VRQW  RYLQV HWbbVRQWFDSULQV %RHVVQHFNb >WDEO;;;9@&LQTUHVWHVGHFDSULQVVHWURXYHQWGDQV Oɛ86bbHWbbDXWUHVVRQWGHVFRUQLOORQVQRWDPPHQWGDQVOHV86bbHWb TABL. XXXV Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : nombre de restes de mouton et de chèvre par organe (NR : nombre de restes). 56 /HV  LQGLYLGXV  LQIDQWLOHV  HW  MXY«QLOHV  VRQW  HQ  QRPEUHV  «JDX[  HW  FRPSWHQW  SRXUbb GHVbbLQGLYLGXVUHFHQV«V WDEO;;;,, 4XHOTXHVP¤FKRLUHVSHUPHWWHQWGHSU«FLVHUGHV ¤JHVGHPRUWbbGHVbbDGXOWHVRQWSOXVGHbbDQVHWSDUPLHX[bbVRQWYLHX[ WDEO;;;9,  /HV  UDUHV  «SLSK\VDWLRQV  RVVHXVHV  QɛDSSRUWHQW  SDV  GɛLQIRUPDWLRQ  FRPSO«PHQWDLUHb bH[WU«PLW«VGLVWDOHV«SLSK\V«HVXQHGHWLELDHWbbGHP«WDWDUVHV DQLPDX[DGXOWHVGH SOXVGHbbPRLV  369 TABL. XXXVI Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : mortalité des ovicaprins d’après les mâchoires. 57 /HVbbRV  FR[DX[  VH[«V  VRQW  FDSULQVb  XQ  GH  PRUSKRORJLH  P¤OH  86b  HWbbGH PRUSKRORJLHIHPHOOH 86b  58 /HVGLPHQVLRQVGHVRVVHPHQWVVRQWJOREDOHPHQWPR\HQQHV 59 bGHVSLªFHVRYLQHVHWFDSULQHVGHWRXV¤JHVSRUWHQWGHVVHFWLRQVHWGHVVWULHV U«DOLV«HVORUVGHG«VDUWLFXODWLRQVHWGHG«VRVVDJHV WDEO;;;9 8QFRUQLOORQGHFDSULQ HVWV«SDU«GHOɛRVIURQWDOSDUVHFWLRQHWD«W«GHSOXVDPSXW«GHVRQDSH[SDUXQH GRXEOH  VHFWLRQ  ODW«UDOH  HW  P«GLDOH  TXL  GRQQH  XQH  VXUIDFH  O«JªUHPHQW  ELVHDXW«H 86b  b Les porcins 60 $XFXQHSLªFHQHVXJJªUHODSU«VHQFHGXVDQJOLHU 61 %LHQTXHOHSRUFFRPSWHDXWDQWGHUHVWHVTXHOHVRYLFDSULQV  LOHVWPRLQVIU«TXHQW TXɛHX[DYHFbbGɛ86OHFRQWHQDQW WDEO;;;, FDUSUHVTXHODPRLWL«GHVUHVWHVHVW LVVXHGHGHX[86bHWb'DQVFKDFXQHGHVGHX[VHWURXYDLHQWGHV«O«PHQWVGH WRXWHV  OHV  SDUWLHV  GHV  VTXHOHWWHV  GɛDX  PRLQV  GHX[  SRUFHOHWV  LQIDQWLOHV  *OREDOHPHQW WRXWHV  OHV  U«JLRQV  DQDWRPLTXHV  VRQW  UHSU«VHQW«HV  ¢  OɛH[FHSWLRQ  GHV  GRLJWV  GRQW  OHV SKDODQJHVVRQWTXDVLLQH[LVWDQWHV WDEO;;;,9  62 ,QIDQWLOHV  HW  MXY«QLOHV  FRPSWHQW  FKDFXQV  SRXU  OH  FLQTXLªPH  GHVbbLQGLYLGXV  WDEO ;;;,, /HVLQGLFHVGHQWDLUHVPRQWUHQWTXHFHVMHXQHVDQLPDX[RQWXQSHXWRXVOHV¤JHV WDEO  ;;;9,,   6L  RQ  OHXU  DGMRLQW  OHV  MHXQHV  DGXOWHV  XQH  VHXOH  P¤FKRLUH VXUbbDSSDUWLHQW ¢ XQ LQGLYLGX PDWXUH GH bDQV /D MHXQHVVH GH OD SRSXODWLRQ HVW FRQILUP«HSDUOHVGRQQ«HV«SLSK\VDLUHVSXLVTXHFKH]OHVDGXOWHVDXFXQHQɛLQGLTXHXQ DQLPDOPDWXUHGHSOXVGHbbDQV XQHH[WU«PLW«GLVWDOHGHWLELDHWXQHGHP«WDFDUSH P«GLDO  QRQ  «SLSK\V«HV  XQ  SHX  PRLQV  GHbbDQVb  XQH  H[WU«PLW«  GLVWDOH  GH  WLELD «SLSK\V«HSOXVGHbbDQVbXQFDOFDQ«XVQRQ«SLSK\V«PRLQVGHbbDQVbXQHH[WU«PLW« SUR[LPDOHGɛKXP«UXVQRQ«SLSK\V«HPRLQVGHbbDQV 7URLVLQGLFHVVH[XHOVRQW«W« HQUHJLVWU«Vb  LOV  VRQW  WRXV  IHPHOOHV  HW  FRUUHVSRQGHQW  SOXW¶W  ¢  GH  MHXQHV  DGXOWHV  XQ PD[LOODLUH  GHbbPRLV  XQ  PD[LOODLUH  Gɛ¢  SHX  SUªVbbPRLV  DYHF  XQH  LQFLVLYHbbHQ «UXSWLRQXQHFDQLQHVXS«ULHXUHLVRO«HGRQWODUDFLQHHVWHQFRUHODUJHPHQWRXYHUWH  370 TABL. XXXVII Chabrillan/Saint-Martin : mortalité des porcins d’après les mâchoires. 63 8QHKDXWHXUDXJDUURWGHbbFPKDXWHXUPR\HQQHFRPPHOHVYDOHXUVRVW«RP«WULTXHV DSX¬WUHHVWLP«H¢SDUWLUGɛXQWDOXV 7HLFKHUWb  64 /HVPDUTXHVGHG«FRXSHVRQWDVVH]QRPEUHXVHVbGHVRVVHPHQWVHQSRUWHQW WDEO ;;;,9   (OOHV  VH  UHQFRQWUHQW  TXHO  TXH  VRLW  Oɛ¤JH  SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQW  VXU  OHV  RV  GHV LQIDQWLOHVGHV86bbHWb b Les bovins 65 0DOJU«  XQ  QRPEUH  WRWDO  GH  UHVWHV  DVVH]  IRUW    OHV  ERYLQV  QH  VRQW  SU«VHQWV  TXH GDQVbb  GHV  XQLW«V  VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHV  WDEO  ;;;,   (Q  HIIHW  GHX[  GɛHQWUH  HOOHV  OHV 86bbHWFRQWHQDLHQWbbGHVUHVWHVTXDVL«JDOHPHQWU«SDUWLVHQWUHHOOHV/D SDUWGHVYHVWLJHVGHVP¤FKRLUHVHVWYRLVLQHGHFHOOHGHVSRUFLQV WDEO;;;,9 'DQV Oɛ86bVHWURXYDLHQWGHVUHVWHVFU¤QLHQVHWYHUW«EUDX[GɛXQLQGLYLGXMXY«QLOH9LQJW HWXQGHVbbUHVWHVGHOɛ86bbVRQWLVVXVGɛXQHP¬PHW¬WHGɛDGXOWHQRQREVWDQWXQ GRXWHVXUODFRUUHVSRQGDQFHHQWUHOHFU¤QHHWOHVPDQGLEXOHV3DUDLOOHXUVWRXVOHV RUJDQHVVTXHOHWWLTXHVOHVSOXVLPSRUWDQWVVRQWUHSU«VHQW«VGDQVOɛDVVHPEODJH 66 bGHVbbLQGLYLGXVUHFHQV«VVRQWDGXOWHVbVHXOHPHQWVRQWMXY«QLOHV WDEO;;;,, /H MXY«QLOHGHOɛ86bbHVWSURFKHGHbbPRLV GHX[LªPHPRODLUHHQ«UXSWLRQ OɛDGXOWHGH Oɛ86bbD  SOXV  GHbbDQV  XVXUH  GHV  PRODLUHV  mbb}   /HV  GRQQ«HV  «SLSK\VDLUHV LQGLTXHQWTXHOHVDGXOWHVVHSDUWDJHQWHQWUHMHXQHVDGXOWHV«SLSK\VDWLRQVWDUGLYHVQRQ U«DOLV«HVHWDGXOWHVPDWXUHVFHOOHVFLU«DOLV«HV WDEO;;;9,,,  371 TABL. XXXVIII Chabrillan/Saint-Martin : mortalité des bovins adultes d’après les épiphysations osseuses. 67 'HX[FR[DX[VRQWGHPRUSKRORJLHP¤OH 86bbHWb  68 /HV  GLPHQVLRQV  RVVHXVHV  VRQW  HQ  J«Q«UDO  mbPR\HQQHVb}  ¢  mbSHWLWHVb}  DYHF  XQ  UDGLXV mbJUDQGb}HWXQFDOFDQ«XVTXLVɛLQVFULWGHSHXSDUPLOHVmbWUªVJUDQGVb}/HVKDXWHXUVDX JDUURW«YDOX«HV¢SDUWLUGXUDGLXVbPGHGbP«WDFDUSHVbPHWbP HWGHbbP«WDWDUVHbP 0DWROFVLb PDW«ULDOLVHQWOHIRUPDWJ«Q«UDOHWVHV YDULDWLRQV 69 /HSRXUFHQWDJHGɛRVSRUWHXUVGHWUDFHVGɛLQVWUXPHQWVHVWLGHQWLTXH¢FHX[GHVGHX[ WD[RQV  SU«F«GHQWV  b  WDEO  ;;;,9   'HX[  YHUWªEUHV  WKRUDFLTXHV  GX  ORW  GH 386bbSRUWHQWGHVVWULHV'HP¬PHODW¬WHGHOɛ86bbHVWG«FRXS«H b Les équidés 70 ‚OɛH[FHSWLRQGHVYHVWLJHVGHOɛ86bSHXFDUDFW«ULV«VWRXVOHVDXWUHVVRQWGHSHWLWHV GLPHQVLRQVTXLOHVUDSSURFKHQWGɛXQ«TXLG«GɛXQHKDXWHXUDXJDUURWGHbbPTXL¢FHWWH «SRTXHHVWSOXW¶WFHOOHGHV¤QHV/HVGHX[LªPHHWWURLVLªPHSU«PRODLUHVODSUHPLªUH PRODLUHGɛXQP¬PHPD[LOODLUH 86b SRVVªGHQWXQGHVVLQGHVFU¬WHVGɛ«PDLOGHW\SH DVLQLHQ 3HWHUVFRPPRUDOHb  71 8QFROGɛLOLXP 86b HWXQHH[WU«PLW«GLVWDOHGɛKXP«UXV 86b VRQWVWUL«VFH TXLW«PRLJQHGɛXQG«VRVVDJH b Le chien 72 ,OQɛHVWUHSU«VHQW«TXHSDUbbPDQGLEXOHV 86bbHWb  b Les oiseaux 73 /DSRXOHDSSDUD°WGDQVbb86SULQFLSDOHPHQWSDUGHVRVORQJV WDEO;;;,9 /DJUDQGH PDMRULW«  GHV  LQGLYLGXV  HVW  DGXOWH  WDEO  ;;;,,   3DUPL  OHVbbUD\RQV  RVVHX[  EULV«V  GX 372 PHPEUHLQI«ULHXUbRQWXQG«S¶WPLQ«UDOGDQVODFDYLW«P«GXOODLUH IHPHOOHHQS«ULRGH GHSRQWHb'ULYHUb HWbHQVRQWG«SRXUYXV'HSOXVXQWDUVRP«WDWDUVHG«SRXUYX GɛHUJRWSHXW¬WUHDWWULEX«¢XQHIHPHOOH/HVLQGLFHVGHG«WHUPLQDWLRQVH[XHOOHVRQW GRQF  HQ  PDMRULW«  IHPHOOHV  8QH  H[WU«PLW«  SUR[LPDOH  GH  I«PXU  HVW  VHFWLRQQ«H 86b HWbbH[WU«PLW«VGLVWDOHVGHWLELRWDUVH 86bbHWb SRUWHQWGHVVWULHVHW SRXUOɛXQXQHVHFWLRQ&HVGHUQLªUHVWUDFHVRQW«W«IDLWHVORUVGHODG«VDUWLFXODWLRQ QRWDPPHQWORUVGHOɛDEODWLRQSUREDEOHGHVmbSDWWHVb} 74 /DSU«VHQFHGHOɛRLHHVWU«Y«O«HSDUXQIUDJPHQWPDQGLEXODLUH 86b XQHPRLWL« GLVWDOHGɛXOQDVHFWLRQQ«H¢VRQH[WU«PLW«GLDSK\VDLUH 86b XQFDUSRP«WDFDUSHHW «YHQWXHOOHPHQWXQHSKDODQJHSRVW«ULHXUH 86b  b Les indéterminés 75 /HWDX[GɛLQG«WHUPLQ«VHVWUHODWLYHPHQWIDLEOHbb WDEO;;;, $XFXQSDUWLFXODULVPH QɛDIIHFWH  FH  JURXSH  GɛRVVHPHQWV  3DUPL  HX[  RQ  QRWH  XQH  EDJXHWWH  «SDQQHO«H SU«OLPLQDLUH¢ODFRQIHFWLRQGɛXQREMHW 86b  b Interprétation Taphonomie dépositionnelle et post-dépositionnelle 76 /D  ERQQH  FRQVHUYDWLRQ  GH  OD  PDWLªUH  RVVHXVH  TXH  SURXYHQW  OHV  QRPEUHX[  UHVWHV GɛLQIDQWLOHVHWOHIDLEOHWDX[GɛLQG«WHUPLQ«VODLVVHVXSSRVHUTXHOHVSHUWHVGHPDWLªUHV RVVHXVHV  DSUªV  OH  G«S¶W  VRQW  IDLEOHV  7RXWHIRLV  QH  FRQQDLVVDQW  SDV  OHV  FRQGLWLRQV H[DFWHVGXUDPDVVDJHGHVUHVWHVOHIDLEOHQRPEUHGHUHVWHVLQG«WHUPLQ«VSHXW¬WUHOL«¢ GHVFRQGLWLRQVGHIRXLOOHVGLIILFLOHVTXLRQWLPSRV«XQHFROOHFWHV«OHFWLYH 77 (QWRXW«WDWGHFDXVHLOHVWSUREDEOHTXHOHPDW«ULHO«WXGL«UHIOªWHDVVH]ELHQFHOXLTXL IXWDEDQGRQQ«VXUOHVLWHSDUOHVRFFXSDQWV b Nature des restes 78 /ɛLGHQWLILFDWLRQGɛHVSªFHVGRPHVWLTXHVFRQVRPPDEOHVHWGHWUDFHVGHG«FRXSHFRQGXLW¢ G«ILQLU  OD  TXDVLWRWDOLW«  GHV  UHVWHV  FRPPH  LVVXH  GH  OD  FKD°QH  GH  SU«SDUDWLRQ  HW  GH FRQVRPPDWLRQ  GH  YLDQGH  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OHV  SRUFLQV  OHV LQGLFHVGɛDQLPDX[¤J«VP¬PHFKH]OHVIHPHOOHVVRQWWUªVUDUHV 82 $X  VHLQ  GH  OD  WULDGH  GRPHVWLTXH  TXH  FH  VRLW  SDU  OD  PDVVH  GH  UHVWHV  GLUHFWHPHQW SURSRUWLRQQHOOH  ¢  OD  TXDQWLW«  GH  YLDQGH  IRXUQLH  RX  SDU  OɛHVWLPDWLRQ  GHV  PDVVHV  GH YLDQGH¢SDUWLUGHV10,OHEüXIIRXUQLWbbGHODYLDQGHOHUHOLTXDW«WDQWSDUWDJ« GLII«UHPPHQW  VXLYDQW  OD  P«WKRGH  HQWUH  RYLFDSULQV  HW  SRUFLQV  WDEO  ;;;,,  ;;;,,,  /ɛ¤QHIRXUQLUDLWGHbb¢bbGHODYLDQGHSDUUDSSRUWDXWRWDOGHODWULDGHGRPHVWLTXH/D IU«TXHQFHGHVUHVWHVGHSRXOHVRXOLJQHTXHODFRQVRPPDWLRQGHFHOOHFLGHYDLW¬WUH VRXWHQXHP¬PHVLTXDQWLWDWLYHPHQWLOHVWLUU«DOLVWHGHFKHUFKHU¢OɛHVWLPHU 83 'H  SDU  OHV  LQIDQWLOHV  OHV  ERYLQV  MHXQHV  DGXOWHV  HW  OɛDEVHQFH  GH  SRUFLQV  ¤J«V OɛDOLPHQWDWLRQ  FDUQ«H  GX  VLWH  QɛDSSDUD°W  SDV  FRPPH  U«VXOWDQW  GH  OD  Q«FHVVLW«  GH  OD U«IRUPHGɛDQLPDX[«OHY«VFɛHVW¢GLUHDEDWWXVDGXOWHVPDWXUHVRXYLHX[7RXWHIRLVFHV LQGLFHVQHVRQWSDVDVVH]PDUTX«VSRXUOHVUDSSURFKHUGHVVLWHVVRFLDOHPHQWIDYRULV«V TXHQRXVDYRQVG«ILQLVU«FHPPHQWGDQVXQHV\QWKªVHVXUOɛHVWO\RQQDLVDX[ ;H;,HV )RUHVWHWDO 6LOHVFRQVRPPDWHXUVVRQWOHV«OHYHXUVLOVQɛRQWSDVSU«OHY«GDQV OHXUVWURXSHDX[OHVE¬WHVOHVSOXVUHEXWDQWHVELHQDXFRQWUDLUH3DUDLOOHXUVOɛDEVHQFH WRWDOH  GH  JLELHU  VRXOLJQH  TXH  OHV  RFFXSDQWV  VRQW  WRWDOHPHQW  «WUDQJHUV  DX  PRQGH VDXYDJHGRQWDSSDUHPPHQWLOVQɛRQWSDV¢VHG«IHQGUHSDUXQHFKDVVHGHSURWHFWLRQ b Restes osseux et élevage 84 /DOLVWHGHVHVSªFHV«OHY«HVHVWVLPSOHbPRXWRQFKªYUHSRUFEüXISRXOH¤QHFKLHQHW SUREDEOHPHQWRLH/HODSLQOHFKDWGRPHVWLTXHHWOHFKHYDOVRQWDEVHQWV 85 6L  OHV  QRPEUHV  GH  UHVWHV  OHV  QRPEUHV  PLQLPXPV  GɛLQGLYLGXV  HW  OHV  IU«TXHQFHV GɛDSSDULWLRQ  UHIOªWHQW  OɛLPSRUWDQFH  WRXWHV  SURGXFWLRQV  HW  VHUYLFHV  FRQIRQGXV  GHV HVSªFHV  DQLPDOHV  «OHY«HV  GDQV  RX  DXWRXU  GX  VLWH  OHV  FRPSRVDQWHV  GH  OD  WULDGH GRPHVWLTXHVɛ«TXLYDOHQW 86 /HVFKLIIUHVGHODPRUWDOLW«OL«H¢ODFRQVRPPDWLRQDXVHLQGHVHVSªFHVQHSHUPHWWHQW JXªUHGɛHQYLVDJHUXQHJHVWLRQVS«FLDOLV«H7RXWDXSOXVSHXWRQDIILUPHUTXHVLOHV FRQVRPPDWHXUV  VRQW  OHV  «OHYHXUV  Oɛ«OHYDJH  HVW  VXIILVDPPHQW  SURVSªUH  SRXU  QH  SDV DYRLU¢VHFRQWHQWHUGHVDQLPDX[GHU«IRUPH'HSOXVFHVFKLIIUHVQHFRUUHVSRQGHQWSDV ¢XQHYLHDXWDUFLTXH'DQVFHVK\SRWKªVHVODFRQVRPPDWLRQGHFKªYUHHWGɛ¤QHSRXUUDLW ¬WUHPLVHVXUOHFRPSWHGɛXQHJRXUPDQGLVHSOXVTXHGɛXQHQ«FHVVLW«b b Restes osseux et artisanat 87 6XUbbUHVWHV  bFRUQLOORQV  GɛRYLFDSULQV  RQW  «W«  LQYHQWRUL«Vb  XQ  FRUQLOORQ  HQWLHU  GH FDSULQ  GRQW  OɛDSH[  D  «W«  VHFWLRQQ«  HW  bIUDJPHQWV  QRQ  VS«FLILTXHPHQW  G«WHUPLQ«V 86b bFRUQLOORQVHQWLHUVGHFDSULQ 86bbHWb HWXQFRUQLOORQHQWLHUGH PRXWRQ  86b   2U  OHV  86b  HWbbFRQWLHQQHQW  GHV  VFRULHV  U«VXOWDQW  GɛXQH DFWLYLW«GHIRUJH&RPPHQRXVDYRQVPLVHQ«YLGHQFHXQHUHODWLRQSRVVLEOHHQWUHOD P«WDOOXUJLHGXIHUHWOɛHPSORLGHODPDWLªUHFRUQ«H %RLV)RUHVWb LOHVWLQW«UHVVDQW GH  FRQVWDWHU  TXHbbGHVbbYHVWLJHV  GH  FRUQLOORQ  WURXY«V  VH  ORFDOLVHQW  GDQV  FHVbbXQLW«V VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHV b 374 17.2.6 Montboucher-sur-Jabron / Constantin Matériel 88 /H  PRELOLHU  RVVHX[  IDXQLTXH  SURYLHQW  GHbbXQLW«V  VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHV  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XXXIX Montboucher-sur-Jabron / Constantin : liste des unités stratigraphiques étudiées (NR dét. : nombre de restes déterminés ; NR total : nombre de restes total). b Résultats État physique des ossements 89 /HVRVRQWVRXIIHUWGɛXQHIRUWHDOW«UDWLRQVXSHUILFLHOOHGXH¢ODFRUURVLRQV«GLPHQWDLUH b Les espèces 90 /HVG«QRPEUHPHQWVGHVHVSªFHVVRQWH[SRV«VHQQRPEUHVGHUHVWHVGDQVOHWDEOHDX;/ HWOHVQRPEUHVGHUHVWHVSDURUJDQHGDQVOHWDEOHDX;/, TABL. XL Montboucher-sur-Jabron / Constantin : nombre de restes par unité stratigraphique (NR : nombre de restes). 375 TABL. 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FIG. 129 Aimargues / Saint-Gilles le Vieux : répartition des restes des espèces domestiques consommées entre le Xe et le début du XIe s. 379 FIG. 130 Aimargues/Saint-Gilles le Vieux : répartition des restes des espèces domestiques consommées au XIe s. 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HQWUHbbHWbbPRLV  OH  WURLVLªPH  HQILQ  HVW  XQ  DQLPDO  ¤J«  GHbbDQV SUREDEOHPHQWXQFKHYDO/HSOXVJUDQGQRPEUHGHFHVRVD«W«IRUWHPHQWURQJ«SDUOHV FDUQLYRUHVEHDXFRXSVRQWWUªVIUDJPHQW«VHWODVXUIDFHRVVHXVHWUªV«URG«HQHSHUPHW SDVGɛDIILUPHUTXɛLO\DHXSU«OªYHPHQWGHODYLDQGH&HSHQGDQWOHFRQWH[WHGHW\SH HVVHQWLHOOHPHQWDOLPHQWDLUHSHXWIDLUHHQYLVDJHUODFRQVRPPDWLRQGHFHVGHX[HVSªFHV b 17.3.2.3 La morphologie des espèces domestiques consommées 112 /D  WUªV  IRUWH  IUDJPHQWDWLRQ  GHV  RV  QɛD  SDV  SHUPLV  XQH  «WXGH  RVW«RP«WULTXH  WUªV SRXVV«H 4XHOTXHV KDXWHXUV DX JDUURW RQW SX ¬WUH UHFRQVWLWX«HV ¢ SDUWLU GHV RV GHV SDWWHVGHVPRXWRQV P«WDFDUSLHQP«WDWDUVLHQFDOFDQ«XPHWDVWUDJDOH bbFPbFP bFPbFPbFPHWbbFP/HVWURLVSUHPLªUHVKDXWHXUVFRQFHUQHQWOHVEUHELVOHV WURLVVXLYDQWHVSOXVLPSRUWDQWHVVRQWYUDLVHPEODEOHPHQWDWWULEXDEOHV¢GHVE«OLHUVb TXHOTXHVFKHYLOOHVRVVHXVHVSURXYHQWOHXUSU«VHQFHVXUOHVLWH 113 /HVFKªYUHVP¤OHVHWIHPHOOHVVRQWSRUWHXVHVGHFRUQHVHQIRUPHGHVDEUH8QHVHXOH KDXWHXUDXJDUURWDSX¬WUHFDOFXO«HSRXUXQHIHPHOOHbbFP FHFLSRXUODS«ULRGHGHV ;H;,,HV  114 4XHOTXHVUHVWHVFU¤QLHQVGHERYLQVSHUPHWWHQWGHGLUHTXHOHVIHPHOOHVSRUWDLHQWGHV FRUQHVDVVH]ORQJXHVUHWRXUQ«HVYHUVOɛDYDQW'HX[KDXWHXUVDXJDUURWDWWULEX«HV¢ GHX[YDFKHVRQW«W«FDOFXO«HV¢SDUWLUGHGHX[P«WDFDUSLHQVbbFP ;,HV HWbbFP 9,H;,,HV  115 'HX[«TXLG«VGHSHWLWHWDLOOHVRQW¢VLJQDOHUOɛXQDX;HVDYHFbbFPOɛDXWUHDX;H;,,HV DYHFbbFP 116 'HX[KDXWHXUVRQW«W«HVWLP«HVSRXUOHSRUFbHQYLURQbbFPSRXUODV«TXHQFH ;HV HWbbFPSRXUFHOOHGX;H;,,HV b 17.3.3 Les espèces sauvages 117 /HVPDPPLIªUHVFKDVV«VVRQWWUªVSHXUHSU«VHQW«VLOVɛDJLW¢FKDTXHIRLVGXFHUI &HUYXV HODSKXV HWGXFKHYUHXLO &DSUHROXVFDSUHROXV  118 /HV  HVSªFHV  DYLDLUHV  VRQW  XQ  SHX  SOXV  YDUL«HVb  OD  SHUGUL[  JULVH  3HUGL[  SHUGL[   OD FRUQHLOOH  &RUYXV  FRURQH   OH  JURVEHF  &RFFRWKUDXVWHV  FRFFRWKUDXVWHV   KDELWDQWV  GHV 382 FKDPSVHWGHVERVTXHWVDX[TXHOVVɛDMRXWHQWTXHOTXHVRLVHDX[GɛHDXbOHFDQDUGFROYHUW $QDVSODW\UK\QFKRV ODVDUFHOOHGɛKLYHU $QDUFUHFFD HWODIRXOTXHPDFURXOH )XOLFDDWUD  119 /HVSRLVVRQVɘGRQWODG«WHUPLQDWLRQD«W«IDLWHSDU-DFTXHOLQH6WXGHUɘSURYLHQQHQW HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW GɛHDX[ FDOPHVb IOHXYHV OHQWV ODFV «WDQJV 6RQW SU«VHQWVb OH JDUGRQ 5XWLOXV  UXWLOXV  HVSªFH  RPQLYRUH  FRQVRPPDQW  DOJXHV  HW  LQYHUW«EU«V  OH  URWHQJOH 6FDUGLQHXVHU\WKURSKWKDOPXV FRQQXVRXVOHQRPGHORX]RXGDQVOH0LGLHW«JDOHPHQW RPQLYRUHOHEURFKHW ([RVOXFLXV FDFK«GDQVODY«J«WDWLRQLOFKDVVHFɛHVWXQFDUQDVVLHU FRPPH  OD  SHUFKH  3HUFD  IOXYLD  «JDOHPHQW  LGHQWLIL«H  OD  WDQFKH  7LQFD  WLQFD   TXL FRQVRPPHVXUWRXWGHVLQYHUW«EU«VɘPROOXVTXHVHWODUYHVGɛLQVHFWHVɘHWOHJRXMRQ *RELR JRELR TXLFRPSOªWHFHWLQYHQWDLUH/HJRXMRQHVWXQSRLVVRQTXLSU«IªUHOHVIOHXYHVHWOHV ULYLªUHVDX[HDX[PRLQVFDOPHVPDLVTXHOɛRQSHXWUHQFRQWUHUGDQVOHVHDX[VWDJQDQWHV YRLUHVDXP¤WUHV,OVHQRXUULWGHSHWLWHVSURLHVYLYDQWHVHWGLYHUVHVPDWLªUHVRUJDQLTXHV HWY«J«WDOHV 120 9LHQQHQW  HQVXLWH  OHV  PROOXVTXHV  PDULQV  GRQW  OD  SURYHQDQFH  HVW  V½UHPHQW P«GLWHUUDQ«HQQHb  WUªV  IUDJPHQW«V  OHV  UHVWHV  DSSDUWLHQQHQW  HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW  ¢  GHV ELYDOYHVFRPPHOHVPRXOHV 0\WLOLGDH OHVSHLJQHV 3HFWLQLGDH GHW\SHFRTXLOOHV6DLQW -DFTXHVHWOHVFRTXHV &DUGLLGDH  121 3DUPL  OHV  HVSªFHV  VDXYDJHV  TXL  ULRQW  SDV  Q«FHVVDLUHPHQW  «W«  FRQVRPP«HV  FLWRQV  OD WRUWXH/ɛHQVHPEOHGHVUHVWHVUHWURXY«VGDQVXQVLORɘSODVWURQGRVVLªUHHWRVSRVW FU¤QLHQVɘDSSDUWLHQQHQW¢XQLQGLYLGXDGXOWHXQH«P\GHO«SUHXVH 0DXUHP\VOHSURVD  &ɛHVWXQHHVSªFHYLYDQWGDQVGHV]RQHVKXPLGHVDSSU«FLDQWOHVIRQGVYDVHX[GHVHDX[ VWDJQDQWHV6RQU«JLPHDOLPHQWDLUHHVWSOXW¶WFDUQLYRUHbW¬WDUGVJUHQRXLOOHVSRLVVRQV LQVHFWHV  PDLV  HOOH  SHXW  VH  QRXUULU  «JDOHPHQW  GɛDOJXHV  HW  GH  SODQWHV  DTXDWLTXHV  'H QRPEUHX[UHVWHVGHEDWUDFLHQVRQW«W«LGHQWLIL«VbLOVDSSDUWLHQQHQW¢ODUDLQHWWHYHUWH +\ODDUERUHD HWDXFUDSDXGFRPPXQ %XIREXIR  b 17.3.4 Les espèces commensales de l’homme 122 /HVUHVWHVGHFKLHQ &DQLVIDPLOLDULV VRQWSHXQRPEUHX[PDLVOɛLPSRUWDQFHGHVWUDFHVGH PRUVXUHVVXUOɛHQVHPEOHGHVRVUHMHW«VGDQVOHVGLYHUVHVVWUXFWXUHVLQFLWH¢SHQVHUTXɛLOV «WDLHQWWUªVSU«VHQWVVXUOHVOLHX[ 123 8QIUDJPHQWGɛKXP«UXVSRXUUDLW¬WUHDWWULEX«¢ODVRXULV 0XVPXVFXOXV  b 17.3.5 Conclusion 124 /HVFDSULQ«VFRPPHOHVERYLQVIRXUQLVVDLHQWVXUWRXWODYLDQGHIUD°FKHɘELHQTXɛLOVRLW 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9LHX[  $LQVL  WRXW  HQ  PHQDQW  OɛDQDO\VH  FRPSDUDWLYH  LO  IDXW  JDUGHU  ¢ OɛHVSULWFHWWHGLVSDULW«GHV«FKDQWLOORQV b 17.4.2 Composition et nature des lots osseux 129 /D  OLVWH  GHV  HVSªFHV  PDPPDOLHQQHV  HW  DYLDLUHV  LGHQWLIL«HV  VXU  OHV  FLQT  VLWHV  GH  OD PR\HQQH  YDOO«H  GX  5K¶QH  HVW  UHODWLYHPHQW  FRXUWHb  PRXWRQ  FKªYUH  EüXI  «TXLG«V FKHYDO¤QHHWOHXUVK\EULGHV FKLHQODSLQSRXOHRLHHWWXUGLG«V(OOHVɛDFFUR°WDYHF GHVHVSªFHVVDXYDJHV¢$LPDUJXHV6DLQW*LOOHVOH9LHX[bFHUIFKHYUHXLOSHUGUL[JULVH FRUQHLOOHJURVEHFFDQDUGFROYHUWVDUFHOOHGɛKLYHUHWIRXOTXHPDFURXOH 384 130 'DQVODPR\HQQHYDOO«HGX5K¶QHOHVSULQFLSDOHVYDULDWLRQVTXDOLWDWLYHVVɛREVHUYHQWVXU OHVYHVWLJHVGɛ«TXLG«VSU«VHQWVGDQVGHVORWVDXVVLIDLEOHVTXɛ8SLH/HV9LJQDUHWVHW 0RQWERXFKHUVXU-DEURQ    &RQVWDQWLQ  PDLV  DEVHQWV  ¢  &UHVW    %RXUERXVVRQ  HW  ¢ &KDEULOODQ    6DLQW0DUWLQ  HW  OHV  UHVWHV  FU¤QLHQV  DXWUHV  TXH  OHV  FRUQLOORQV  GH UXPLQDQWVRYLFDSULQVHWERYLQVJ«Q«UDOHPHQWUDUHVVDXIVXUOHVLWHGH&KDEULOODQ 6DLQW0DUWLQ  1L  OD  SRVLWLRQ  FKURQRORJLTXH  QL  OH  YROXPH  GHV  ORWV  QɛH[SOLTXHQW  FHV YDULDWLRQV6HXOHVOHVVWUXFWXUHVIRXLOO«HVSHXYHQWGRQQHUXQHFOHIGɛLQWHUSU«WDWLRQTXL QHUHOªYHSDVGHOHXUQDWXUHmbPRUSKRORJLTXHb}PDLVGHOHXUIRQFWLRQ 131 /HV  IRVVHV  GH  &KDEULOODQ    6DLQW0DUWLQ  RQW  UHFXHLOOL  OHV  UHMHWV  GɛXQH  RFFXSDWLRQ TXRWLGLHQQHbFHVRQWGHVSRXEHOOHV$XFRQWUDLUHVXUOHVDXWUHVVLWHVLOVHPEOHTXHOHV VWUXFWXUHV RQW UH©X GHV G«FKHWV GLVSDUDWHV DEDQGRQQ«V GDQV GHV ]RQHV WRPE«HV HQ G«VK«UHQFH 132 /HVU«VXOWDWVREWHQXV¢SDUWLUGHVYHVWLJHVRVVHX[Gɛ$LPDUJXHV6DLQW*LOOHVOH9LHX[QH SHXYHQWIDLUHOɛREMHWGɛXQHLQWHUSU«WDWLRQSDUWLFXOLªUHbRQQHFRQQD°WSDVH[DFWHPHQW OɛRULJLQH  GHV  G«S¶WV  UHWURXY«V  GDQV  OHV  GLYHUVHV  VWUXFWXUHV  &HSHQGDQW  FHV  UHMHWV GɛRULJLQHGRPHVWLTXHVRQWHVVHQWLHOOHPHQWDOLPHQWDLUHV b 17.4.3 La consommation carnée 133 6HXOHVOHVHVSªFHVGRPHVWLTXHVPRXWRQFKªYUHERHXISRXOHRLHHWSUREDEOHPHQWOHV «TXLG«V¢$LPDUJXHV6DLQW*LOOHVOH9LHX[¢&K¤WHDXQHXIVXU,VªUH%HDXPHDX;,,,HV HW  Oɛ¤QH  ¢  &KDEULOODQ    6DLQW0DUWLQ  VRQW  PDQJ«V  HQ  PR\HQQH  YDOO«H  GX  5K¶QH  $X FRQWUDLUH  Gɛ$LPDUJXHV    6DLQW*LOOHV  OH  9LHX[  OHV  HVSªFHV  VDXYDJHV  \  IRQW  SUHVTXH WRWDOHPHQWG«IDXW¢OɛH[FHSWLRQGɛXQODSLQHWGɛXQRLVHDXSHXW¬WUHLQWUXVLIV 134 *OREDOHPHQWOHVSURGXLWVFRQVRPP«VVRQWGLYHUVLIL«V/DFKªYUHHVWPRLQVPDQJ«HTXH OHPRXWRQ&KH]OHVSRUFLQVOHVDGXOWHVPDWXUHVVRQWUDUHVHWOHVIHPHOOHVVRQWWX«HV MHXQHV  LQGLFH  GH  OHXU  «YHQWXHOOH  FDVWUDWLRQ  )RUHVWb   /HV  ERYLQV  VRQW  PDQJ«V DGXOWHVSOXW¶WMHXQHVSXLVTXɛDXFXQFULWªUHGHYLHLOLQGLYLGXQɛD«W«UHS«U« 135 'DQVXQHV\QWKªVHU«FHPPHQWSXEOL«HQRXVDYRQVHPSOR\«OHQRPEUHGHUHVWHVGHOD WULDGHGRPHVWLTXHSRXUVXLYUHOɛ«YROXWLRQGHOɛDOLPHQWDWLRQFDUQ«HGDQVOHVXGHVWGHOD )UDQFH )RUHVWbD /HVVLWHVGH&UHVW%RXUERXVVRQHW&KDEULOODQ6DLQW0DUWLQ DYHFTXHOTXHbbGHUHVWHVGɛRYLFDSULQVbGHUHVWHVGHSRUFLQVHWbbGHUHVWHV GH  ERYLQV  RFFXSHQW  XQH  SRVLWLRQ  VLQJXOLªUH  GDQV  OD  S«ULRGH  ,;H;,,H V  ILJ     ,OV UHMRLJQHQWFHUWDLQVVLWHVGXQRUGGHODU«JLRQ5K¶QH$OSHVSDUXQHSDUWSOXW¶WIDLEOHGH UHVWHVRYLFDSULQVHWLQYHUVHPHQWSDUXQHSDUWGHUHVWHVERYLQVHWSRUFLQVUHODWLYHPHQW IRUWH  $LQVL  LOV  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(d’apr. Forest 1998a). Tracé TGV-Méditerranée : 1 Crest / Bourbousson, Xe-XIe s. ; 2 Chabrillan / Saint-Martin, Xe-XIIe s. ; 3 Aimargues / Saint-Gilles le Vieux, IXe-début Xe s. ; 4 Aimargues / Saint-Gilles le Vieux, Xe-début XIIe s. 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'DXSKLQ«QRXVFRQGXLVHQW¢ODP¬PHFRQFOXVLRQ FIG. 134 Fossilisation de murs en terre crue : traces au sol, difÏcultés de reconnaissance, a murs d’adobe. Le premier stade de dégradation par les agents atmosphériques est la dislocation en agrégats et fines. Enfouies dans le sol, les briques s’altèrent en cellules « amiboïdes » (50 ans sufÏsent : Brochier 1994). Au stade final, les structures de terre prendront une forme en tas étalé, difÏcilement reconnaissables (même par analyse micromorphologique) du substrat sur lequel elles reposent et dont elles sont bien souvent issues ; b murs de terre crue (bauge ou pisé). Cas d’un mur ayant chauffé, et d’un alignement de pierres contre un mur. Les cellules de terre crue cuite vont se conserver ; l’alignement de pierres marquera en négatif le mur qui ne sera plus identifiable. 20 /ɛKDELWDWGHWHUUHSRXUOH0R\HQ„JHFRPPHSRXUOɛ$QWLTXLW«HWOD3U«KLVWRLUHHVW ODUJHPHQW  VRXV«YDOX«  %URFKLHUb   /HV  ULVTXHV  GH  VD  GHVWUXFWLRQ  HW  GH  VD  QRQ LGHQWLILFDWLRQVRQWODUJHPHQWSOXVQRPEUHX[TXHOHVFKDQFHVGHVDFRQVHUYDWLRQHWGH VRQREVHUYDWLRQ&HVGHUQLªUHVVRQWGHWURLVW\SHVb ɢOHUHFRXYUHPHQWUDSLGHSDUDJHQWQDWXUHOPDLVDXVVLHWVXUWRXWSDUOɛKRPPHGDQVOHFDV GɛHIIRQGUHPHQWV  GH  PXUV  GRQW  OH  KDXW  YD  SL«JHU  OH  EDV  HW  GɛKDELWDW  GHQVH  GH  W\SH DJJORP«UDQWb 396 ɢODFXLVVRQSDUOHIHX GXUFLVVHPHQW ODUXE«IDFWLRQ FRXOHXU GDQVOHFDVGɛXQLQFHQGLHb ɢOɛH[LVWHQFHGɛXQ«O«PHQWVLJQLILDQWTXLYDSHUPHWWUHGɛLGHQWLILHUOHPXUSDUXQHWUDFHHQ SRVLWLITXDQGLOH[LVWHXQVROLQGHSLHUUHRXTXHOTXHVQRGXOHVGHWHUUHUXE«IL«H ILJE RX HQFRUHSDUXQHWUDFHHQQ«JDWLI VDEOLªUHGHERLVDOLJQHPHQWGHSLHUUHVFRQWUHOHPXUWURXV GHSRWHDX[HWF  21 &HV  FRQGLWLRQV  GH  FRQVHUYDWLRQ  HW  GɛLGHQWLILFDWLRQ  GH  OɛDUFKLWHFWXUH  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L’effondrement et l’érosion des murs de pisé constituent des tas de terre qui seraient très difÏciles à identifier après recouvrement, lors d’une fouille. 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TXHOTXHV  PDLVRQV  DVVRFL«HV  ¢  FHV  VWUXFWXUHV  +RUPLV  OH  GRXWH  TXL  VXEVLVWH  VXU  OD VWUXFWXUHGHFKDXIIHGXVLWHGH&UHVW%RXUERXVVRQOHVYHVWLJHVFRQVHUY«VFRQILUPHQW TXH  SRXU  OHV  ;H;,H V  OHV  IR\HUV  VRQW  LQVWDOO«V  DX  UDV  GX  VRO  FH  TXL  VXSSRVH  TXH  OH IRUJHURQWUDYDLOOHDVVLVHWTXɛLOD¢SRUW«HGHEUDVOɛHQFOXPH/HVDP«QDJHPHQWVOL«VDX[ VRXIIOHWVQɛRQWSDVODLVV«GHWUDFHVFODLUHPHQWLQWHUSU«WDEOHV/ɛLPSRUWDQFHGHVFDORWWHV DVVH]«SDLVVHVHWODSU«VHQFHGHEDWWLWXUHVHQELOOHVLQGLTXHUDLHQWTXHOɛRQDDWWHLQWGHV WHPS«UDWXUHVVXS«ULHXUHV¢FHOOHVUHTXLVHVSDUODVLPSOHPLVHHQIRUPHHWTXHOɛRQD GRQFSURF«G«¢GHVWUDYDX[GHVRXGXUHSDUH[HPSOHUHODWLYHPHQWIU«TXHQWV 31  416 AUTEURS MARIE-CHRISTINE BAILLY-MAÎTRE $UFK«RORJXHGLUHFWHXUGHUHFKHUFKHDX&156bɘb/DERUDWRLUHGɛDUFK«RORJLHP«GL«YDOH P«GLWHUUDQ«HQQH 805b ALAIN PLOQUIN 3«WURORJXHFKDUJ«GHUHFKHUFKHVDX&156bɘb&HQWUHGHUHFKHUFKHVS«WURJUDSKLTXHVHW J«RFKLPLTXHV 835b 417 &KDSLWUH(QVHPEOHVIXQ«UDLUHV LVRO«VGDQVODPR\HQQHYDOO«HGX 5K¶QH Frédérique Blaizot et Véronique Savino b 20. 1 Introduction 20.1.1 Problématique générale : quelle interprétation pour ces ensembles funéraires ? 1 &HWDUWLFOHUDVVHPEOHOHV«WXGHVGHVV«SXOWXUHVLVVXHVGHFLQTVLWHVIRXLOO«VVXUOHWUDF« GX7*90«GLWHUUDQ«HHQWUH9DOHQFHHW$YLJQRQ ILJ HWGHWURLVDXWUHVH[KXP«V VXUOHWUDF«GHOɛDXWRURXWH$b6XG ILJ ,OVɛDJLWGHSHWLWVHQVHPEOHVIXQ«UDLUHV FRPSOHWV  HW  GH  JURXSHV  GHbb¢  bV«SXOWXUHV  VLWX«V  HQ  GHKRUV  GH  WRXW  V\VWªPH FRPPXQDXWDLUHTXLSU«VHQWHQWOHVSDUWLFXODULW«VGHQHSDVVHWURXYHUHQFRQWDFWDYHF XQ«GLILFHUHOLJLHX[HWGɛDYRLUXQHGXU«HGHIU«TXHQWDWLRQUHODWLYHPHQWFRXUWH7RXV VHPEOHQWDQW«ULHXUV¢OɛDQPLOOH 418 FIG. 139 Plan linéaire du tracé du TGV-Méditerranée avec localisation des sites étudiés. 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XLIII Nombre de sépultures par type pour chaque site. b 20.3.1.1 Caractéristiques extrinsèques 49 /HVLQIRUPDWLRQVGɛRUGUHVWULFWHPHQWDUFK«RORJLTXHSURYLHQQHQWGHVVLWHVGH&KDEULOODQ 6DLQW0DUWLQ(VSHOXFKH6DLQW5RPDLQHW0RQW0RUDXGODQDWXUHGHOɛHQFDLVVDQWHW FHUWDLQVSUREOªPHVGHG«FDSDJHQɛD\DQWSDVSHUPLVGDQVOHVDXWUHVFDVGHUHFRQQD°WUH ODPRUSKRORJLHGHVIRVVHVGDQVOHV«GLPHQW 50 'DQVODSOXSDUWGHVFDVVLOHSURILOGHOɛHVSDFHTXLUH©RLWOHFRUSVSHXW¬WUHDSSU«FL«SDU OHVFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHVWDSKRQRPLTXHVGXVTXHOHWWHQRXVQɛDYRQVTXHSHXGɛ«O«PHQWVSRXU UHVWLWXHUODVHFWLRQVXS«ULHXUHGHODIRVVHTXLIDLWWUªVVRXYHQWG«IDXWKRUPLVVXUOHVLWH GH&KDEULOODQ6DLQW0DUWLQ2UXQFHUWDLQQRPEUHGHV«SXOWXUHVVRQWVXIILVDPPHQW ELHQFRQVHUY«HVSRXUPRQWUHUTXHODVWUXFWXUHIXQ«UDLUHHVWFRQVWLWX«HGɛXQGRXEOH FUHXVHPHQW  OH  FUHXVHPHQW  VXS«ULHXU  «WDQW  SOXV  ODUJH  TXH  FHOXL  TXL  FRQVWLWXH  OH U«FHSWDFOH  GX  FRUSV  /H  SDVVDJH  HQWUH  OHV  GHX[  VɛHIIHFWXH  DORUV  DX  PR\HQ  GɛXQH EDQTXHWWHTXLUH©RLWODFRXYHUWXUH ILJ &HUHVVDXWSHXW¬WUHSU«VHQWVXUWRXVOHV F¶W«VGHODIRVVH 60bbRX60 PDLVSDUIRLVRQQHOɛREVHUYHTXHVXUWURLVF¶W«V 60bRX60 VDFKDQWTXHGDQVFHGHUQLHUFDVVRQDEVHQFHQHWRXFKHTXHOɛXQ GHVF¶W«VWUDQVYHUVDX[ 436 FIG. 149 Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : typologie extrinsèque des tombes en fosse. 51 6HXOV  OHV  VLWHV  GH  &KDEULOODQ    6DLQW0DUWLQ  HW  GH  &KDEULOODQ    /ɛ+RUWDO  OLYUHQW  GHV FRXYHUWXUHVHQPDW«ULDX[LPSXWUHVFLEOHV(OOHVVRQWU«DOLV«HVHQGDOOHVGHPRODVVHYHUWH MX[WDSRV«HVFDO«HV¢OɛDLGHGHEORFVGHFDOFDLUH&HVEORFVVRQWVLWX«VHQWUHODGDOOHHWOD SDURLGXFUHXVHPHQWVXS«ULHXUGHODIRVVHRXVRQWSRV«VGLUHFWHPHQWVXUOHVGDOOHV¢ OɛHQGURLWR»HOOHVVHMRX[WHQW &+bbILJ 7RXWHIRLVVHXOHVbbV«SXOWXUHVSRVVªGHQW XQHFRXYHUWXUHFRPSOªWHGHGDOOHV'DQVOHVDXWUHVOHVODX]HVQHVRQWSU«VHQWHVTXɛ¢OD W¬WHDX[SLHGVRXDX[GHX[H[WU«PLW«V'DQVGHQRPEUHX[H[HPSOHVLOQHVXEVLVWH DXFXQ  «O«PHQW  GX  FRXYHUFOH  GRQW  OɛH[LVWHQFH  LQLWLDOH  HVW  Q«DQPRLQV  DWWHVW«H  SDU OɛDP«QDJHPHQWGHEDQTXHWWHVVXUOHVTXHOOHVLOUHSRVDLW¢OɛRULJLQHHWSDUOHVEORFVGH FDODJH,OHVWDORUVSRVVLEOHGɛHQYLVDJHUXQHFRXYHUWXUHmbPL[WHb}GHGDOOHVHWGHERLV GDQV  OHV  FDV  R»  OHV  GDOOHV  VRQW  ORFDOLV«HV  ¢  XQH  RX  DX[  GHX[  H[WU«PLW«V  HW  XQH FRXYHUWXUHGHERLVGDQVFHX[R»LOQɛH[LVWHSDVGHIUDJPHQWGHGDOOH(QILQTXHOTXHV IRVVHVQHSRVVªGHQWDXFXQGHFHV«O«PHQWVHWDXFXQUHVVDXWQɛD«W«REVHUY«¢ODIRXLOOH 6RXYHQWOɛDEVHQFHGHUHVVDXWVHPEOH¬WUHGXH¢XQG«FDSDJHWURSEDVRX¢XQOHVVLYDJH GHVVROVTXLIRQWTXHOHQLYHDXGɛRXYHUWXUHGHODIRVVHHVWFRQIRQGXDYHFFHOXLGHOD EDQTXHWWH/ɛK\SRWKªVHGɛXQG«S¶WHQSOHLQHWHUUHGRLWQ«DQPRLQVGDQVOHVFDVR»OHV IRVVHVQHSU«VHQWHQWDXFXQ«O«PHQWGHFRXYHUWXUH¬WUHGLVFXW«HSDUOHVP«WKRGHVGH OɛDQWKURSRORJLHGHWHUUDLQ 437 FIG. 150 Chabrillan / L’Hortal : sépulture CH13. 52 /H  FUHXVHPHQW  LQWHUQH  UHFRQQX  DUFK«RORJLTXHPHQW  SRXU  bV«SXOWXUHV  DIIHFWH  GHV IRUPHV  GLII«UHQWHV  WUDS«]R±GDOH  RYDOH  RX  JOREDOHPHQW  UHFWDQJXODLUH  DX[  DQJOHV DUURQGLV WDEO;/,9ILJ b ɢOHW\SHbbQHFRQFHUQHTXHbbV«SXOWXUHVGXVLWHGH&KDEULOODQ6DLQW0DUWLQbGDQVbbGɛHQWUH HOOHVODPRLWL«VXS«ULHXUHGXVTXHOHWWHHVWSODF«HGDQVODSDUWLHODSOXVODUJH W\SHOD HW GDQVOHVGHX[DXWUHVODSRVLWLRQHVWLQYHUV«H W\SHbE bPDLVFRPPHRQOHYHUUDFLGHVVRXV GDQV  OɛDQDO\VH  WDSKRQRPLTXH  GX  VTXHOHWWH  OD  PRUSKRORJLH  G«ILQLH  FRPPH  W\SHbE  HVW YUDLVHPEODEOHPHQWOHU«VXOWDWGɛXQDUWHIDFWGHIRXLOOHHWFHVIRVVHVDSSDUWLHQQHQWHQU«DOLW« DXW\SHbb ɢOHW\SHbbFRUUHVSRQGDUFK«RORJLTXHPHQW¢bbV«SXOWXUHVGH&KDEULOODQ6DLQW0DUWLQHW¢XQH GH6LPDQGUHV/D3ODLQHbOHXUIRUPHRYDOHVHFDUDFW«ULVHSDUXQU«WU«FLVVHPHQWGHVGHX[ H[WU«PLW«VSOXVRXPRLQVPDUTX«bGDQVOɛXQHGɛHQWUHHOOHVRQUHFRQQD°WXQHDPRUFHGH FDYLW«F«SKDOLTXH 60ILJbD b ɢOHW\SHbbHVWUHSU«VHQW«SDUbbV«SXOWXUHV¢&KDEULOODQ6DLQW0DUWLQHWXQH¢&KDEULOODQ /ɛ+RUWDObOHXUIRUPHUHFWDQJXODLUHDX[DQJOHVDUURQGLVFRQVWLWXHXQHVSDFHUHODWLYHPHQW «WURLWSRXUOHFRUSVGDQVbbFDV W\SHbD bGDQVbbDXWUHVIRVVHVFHWHVSDFHHVWEHDXFRXSSOXV ODUJH W\SHbE  438 TABL. XLIV Liste et caractéristiques des tombes en fosse (pour la définition des types, voir fig. 149) : + présence, – absence ; / non observable, ? incertain. FIG. 151 Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : sépultures, a SM7182, b SM7337, c SM12153. b 439 20.3.1.2 Caractéristiques taphonomiques Incidences de la morphologie des fosses 53 /DIRUPHGXFUHXVHPHQWLQWHUQHDXQHLQFLGHQFHLPSRUWDQWHVXUODSRVLWLRQGXFRUSVDX PRPHQW  GX  G«S¶W  HW  D  IRUWLRUL  VXU  OH  VTXHOHWWH  &HV  IRVVHV  VRQW  SURFKHV  GX  W\SH DQWKURSRPRUSKH  VL  OɛRQ  FRQVLGªUH  OD  G«ILQLWLRQ  ODUJH  GH  3  7URQFLQ     PDLV FHUWDLQHV  HQWUHQW  SOXV  SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQW  GDQV  FHOOH  SOXV  UHVWUHLQWH  TXɛHQ  GRQQH  0 &RODUGHOOH  &RODUGHOOH  HW  DO b     4XDUDQWHKXLW  V«SXOWXUHV  OLYUHQW  OHV LQIRUPDWLRQVQ«FHVVDLUHV¢OɛLQWHUSU«WDWLRQDUFK«RDQWKURSRORJLTXHGHFHW\SHGHIRVVH 54 'DQVWRXVOHVFDVOHFUHXVHPHQWLQWHUQHG«M¢SHXODUJH¢OɛRXYHUWXUHVHU«WU«FLWGDQVVD SDUWLHLQI«ULHXUHDXQLYHDXGXVROGɛLQKXPDWLRQ/HVSDURLVGXFUHXVHPHQWLQWHUQHVRQW IU«TXHPPHQWREOLTXHV/HFDGDYUHHVWSODF«GLUHFWHPHQWGDQVODIRVVHLOQɛH[LVWHDXFXQ FRQWHQDQWGXFRUSVHQPDWLªUHS«ULVVDEOH 55 3RXUbbV«SXOWXUHV  GH  QRWUH  V«ULH  bGH  &KDEULOODQ    6DLQW0DUWLQ  bGɛ(VSHOXFKH   6DLQW5RPDLQXQHGH6LPDQGUHV/D3ODLQH LOHVWSRVVLEOHGHUHVWLWXHUSDUOɛDQDO\VH WDSKRQRPLTXH  GX  VTXHOHWWH  XQ  SURILO  HQ  JRXWWLªUH  «WURLWH  HW  SURIRQGH  8QH  WHOOH PRUSKRORJLH  SURGXLW  XQH  FRQVWULFWLRQ  ODW«UDOH  LPSRUWDQWH  GX  VTXHOHWWH  &HOOHFL  VH WUDGXLW  SDU  OD  YHUWLFDOLVDWLRQ  TXDVL  WRWDOH  GHV  FODYLFXOHV  SDU  XQ  SHQGDJH  P«GLDO DFFHQWX«GHVVFDSXODVɘSRXYDQWDWWHLQGUHbbFPɘSDUOHPDLQWLHQGHVKXP«UXVHQYXH ODW«UDOHHWSDUXQHSURMHFWLRQHQDYDQWGHV«SDXOHV 60bILJbEb65bILJDb 63bILJF /RUVTXHOHIRQGGHIRVVHUHPRQWHDX[GHX[H[WU«PLW«VODPDQGLEXOH WRPEHHQDYDQWVXUODFRORQQHYHUW«EUDOHWDQGLVTXHOHFU¤QHUHVWHVXU«OHY« 65 /H FU¤QH  HVW  OH  SOXV  VRXYHQW  PDLQWHQX  HQ  YXH  DQW«ULHXUH  RX  HQ  WRXW  FDV  HQ  «TXLOLEUH LQVWDEOH 65 VXLYDQWODID©RQSOXVRXPRLQV«WURLWHGRQWODIRVVH«SRXVHOHFRUSV'H P¬PHOHVSLHGVW«PRLJQHQWGHQHWVHIIHWVGHSDURLODW«UDX[LQGXLWVSDUOHUHVVHUUHPHQW GHODIRVVH¢FHQLYHDX(QHIIHWDORUVTXHVRXVOɛDFWLRQGHODJUDYLW«OHVSLHGVFKXWHQW ODW«UDOHPHQW  DX  FRXUV  GH  OHXU  G«FRPSRVLWLRQ  LOV  WRPEHQW  LFL  DX  FRQWUDLUH  YHUV OɛLQW«ULHXU  RX  YHUV  OɛDYDQW  63  60   /H  YROXPH  GHV  F¶WHV  HW  GX  EDVVLQ  HVW IU«TXHPPHQW  SU«VHUY«  SDUFH  TXH  SDUIRLV  LO  H[LVWH  XQH  JRXWWLªUH  ¢  OD  EDVH  GX FUHXVHPHQW3DUH[HPSOHGDQVOHFDVGXVTXHOHWWHGHODV«SXOWXUH65bOHVRVFR[DX[ RQWSXVɛDIIDLVVHUHQWUD°QDQWODURWDWLRQH[WHUQHGHVI«PXUVPDLVFHVGHUQLHUVQHVH VRQWSDV«ORLJQ«VODW«UDOHPHQWPDOJU«FHPRXYHPHQWGɛ«YHUVLRQ 440 FIG. 152 Sépultures, a Espeluche / Saint-Romain : SR21 ; 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b Simandres / Mont-Moraud : sépulture MM6 ; c Simandres / La Plaine : SP14. 60 'DQVGɛDXWUHVV«SXOWXUHVODFRQFDYLW«GXIRQGHVWLQILPHRXQXOOH'DQVFHFDVOɛHIIHWGH JRXWWLªUH  U«VXOWH  QRQ  SDV  GH  OD  PRUSKRORJLH  GX  SURILO  WUDQVYHUVDO  PDLV  GH OɛHQIRQFHPHQWGXFRUSVGDQVOHVROUDPROOLSDUOHVOLTXLGHVGHODG«FRPSRVLWLRQ&H VLPSOHHIIHWGHJRXWWLªUHHVWG«SHLQWSDUOHVTXHOHWWHGHODV«SXOWXUH65b ILJD bOD PLVH¢SODWGHVYROXPHVHVWUHODWLYHPHQWELHQHQJDJ«HOHSHQGDJHP«GLDOGHVVFDSXODV HVWIDLEOH bFP HWOHVFODYLFXOHVVRQWREOLTXHVWDQGLVTXɛLOQɛH[LVWHSDVGHFRQVWULFWLRQ ODW«UDOH$YHFOHVTXHOHWWHGHODV«SXOWXUH65,bb ILJE VHXOOHPDLQWLHQGHODSDWHOOD JDXFKHHQG«SLWGHOɛDIIDLVVHPHQWGHOɛRVFR[DOW«PRLJQHGHODSUR[LPLW«GHODSDURL OɛHQVHPEOH  GX  VTXHOHWWH  LOOXVWUDQW  SOXW¶W  FHW  HIIHW  GɛHQIRQFHPHQW  GDQV  OH  VRO  SDU OɛLPSUHVVLRQTXɛLOGRQQHTXHVDW¬WHHVWmbHQWU«HGDQVOHV«SDXOHVb}/HVWRPEHVHQIRVVH GH&KDEULOODQ/ɛ+RUWDOVHFDUDFW«ULVHQWSDUXQIRQGWUDQVYHUVDOHPHQWSODW(QHIIHW HOOHV  VRQW  FUHXV«HV  ¢  WUDYHUV  XQ  V«GLPHQW  PHXEOH  PDLV  OH  VRO  GɛLQKXPDWLRQ  HVW V\VW«PDWLTXHPHQW  FRQVWLWX«  GH  OD  URFKH  LQGXU«H  VRXVMDFHQWH  VXU  ODTXHOOH  OHV IRVVR\HXUVVHVRQWDUU¬W«V$LQVLOHVVTXHOHWWHVQHSU«VHQWHQWDXFXQHIIHWGHJRXWWLªUH OHFRUSVQɛD\DQWSXVɛHQIRQFHUGDQVODURFKH &+bILJF /HIDLWTXHOHVSLªFHV RVVHXVHV  TXL  VH  VRQW  G«SODF«HV  GH  SDUW  HW  GɛDXWUH  GX  VTXHOHWWH  UHSRVHQW  PRLQV SURIRQG«PHQWTXHOHVRVHQSODFHUHQGFRPSWHQ«DQPRLQVGHOɛREOLTXLW«GHVSDURLVGH ODIRVVH 443 FIG. 154 Sépultures, a Espeluche / Saint-Romain : SR23 ; 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bIHPPHbKRPPH (QILQbDGXOWHVXUbbGH0RQGUDJRQ/H'XFIRXUQLWOHVLQGLFHV Q«FHVVDLUHV¢OɛHVWLPDWLRQGXVH[HbLOVɛDJLWGɛXQHIHPPH/ɛDGXOWH6(bGHV(VWRXUQHOOHV HVWI«PLQLQDLQVLTXHOHVbbDGXOWHVGH0RQW0RUDXGWDQGLVTXHODV«ULHGH/D3ODLQH FRPSWHbbKRPPHVHWbbIHPPH bKRPPHVHWbbIHPPHGDQVOD]RQHHVWHWbbKRPPHGDQV OHVHFWHXURXHVW /HVTXHOHWWHbGXVHFWHXURXHVWGH/D3ODLQHQɛDSX¬WUHH[DPLQ«OD WRWDOLW«GHVRVVHPHQWVD\DQW«W«G«WUXLWHSRXUODGDWDWLRQ& b 20.6.1 .2 Estimation de l’âge au décès Les adultes 150 /ɛ¤JHLQGLYLGXHODXG«FªVQHSRXYDQWSDV¬WUHHVWLP«DYHFVXIILVDPPHQWGHSU«FLVLRQ SRXUOHVDGXOWHVRQUDLVRQQHVXUODVWUXFWXUHSDU¤JHGHODSRSXODWLRQREWHQXHSDUXQ FDOFXOGHSUREDELOLW«V 0DVVHUb /ɛHQVHPEOHGH&KDEULOODQ6DLQW0DUWLQ ]RQHb  477 TXLVHFRPSRVHGHbbDGXOWHVDXQHIIHFWLIVDWLVIDLVDQWSRXUTXHQRXVXWLOLVLRQVFHWWH P«WKRGH WDEO;/9, 7RXWHIRLVGDQVbbFDVOHVVXWXUHVFU¤QLHQQHVQɛRQWSDVSX¬WUH OXHV VRLW SDUFH TXH OH EORF FU¤QLRIDFLDO HVW DEVHQW VRLW SDUFH TXH OHV VXWXUHV VRQW G«WUXLWHV'HFHIDLWODVWUXFWXUHSDU¤JHGHODSRSXODWLRQD«W«FDOFXO«HSRXUXQWRWDO 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XLVI Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : estimation du sexe et de l’âge au décès des adultes. Os coxaux : Bruzek 1991, Bruzek et al. 1996 ; sutures crâniennes : Masset 1982 ; sacrum ; Lovejoy et al. 1985a ; clavicule : Szilvàssy 1980. Age regr. estimation de l’âge par le calcul des régressions (Masset 1982) ; NV non vérifié ; / non observable. 478 TABL. XLVII Estimation du sexe et de l’âge au décès des adultes et des grands adolescents. Os coxaux : Bruzek 1991, Bruzek et al. 1996 ; sutures crâniennes : Masset 1982 ; sacrum : Lovejoy et al. 1985a ; clavicule Szilvàssy 1980. Age regr. estimation de l’âge par le calcul des régressions (Masset 1982) ; / non observable. 151 1RXVDYRQVDORUVHVWLP«Oɛ¤JHLQGLYLGXHODXG«FªVSDUODP«WKRGHPLVHDXSRLQWSDU& 0DVVHW  IRQG«H  VXU  GHV  «TXDWLRQV  GH  U«JUHVVLRQV  SRO\QRPLDOHV  GX  VHFRQG  GHJU« ¢ SDUWLUGXGHJU«GɛREOLW«UDWLRQGHVVXWXUHVFU¤QLHQQHV WDEOHVHQGRbHWH[RFU¤QLHQQHV  (OOHVSHUPHWWHQWGɛREWHQLUOɛ¤JHPR\HQPLQLPXPSRVVLEOHHWOɛ¤JHPR\HQPD[LPXP SRVVLEOH WDEO;/9,,;/9,,, /ɛH[DPHQGHODVXUIDFHDXULFXODLUHGHOɛRVFR[DO /RYHMR\HW DOD HWFHOXLGHOɛH[WU«PLW«VWHUQDOHGHODFODYLFXOH 6]LOY¢VV\b RQW«JDOHPHQW «W«FRQVLG«U«V¢WLWUHLQGLFDWLI/DFRXUEHGHPRUWDOLW«REWHQXH¢6DLQW0DUWLQFDOFXO«H DYHFOɛHQVHPEOHGHOɛHIIHFWLI DGXOWHVHWLPPDWXUHV VHUDGLVFXW«HSOXVORLQ 479 TABL. XLVIII Âge au décès des sujets biologiquement immatures. Âge dentaire : 1 Moorees et al. 1963, 2 Schour, Massler 1940 ; âge diaphysaire : 1 Sundick 1978, 2 Fazekas, Kosa 1978 ; maturation osseuse : Birkner 1980. L’âge au décès estimé en mois civils, mc indique qu’il s’agit de nourrissons et non de foetus morts in utero ; NV non vérifié ; / non observable. b Les immatures 152 7RXVOHVVTXHOHWWHVELRORJLTXHPHQWLPPDWXUHVVDXIXQ 65 SU«VHQWHQWVXIILVDPPHQW Gɛ«O«PHQWVSRXUTXHOɛRQSXLVVHHVWLPHUOHXU¤JHDXG«FªV/HXUQRPEUHVHU«SDUWLW FRPPHVXLWb ɢbSURYLHQQHQWGH&KDEULOODQ6DLQW0DUWLQ ]RQHb b ɢbGH&KDEULOODQ/ɛ+RUWDOb ɢbGH&UHVW%RXUERXVVRQ VHFWHXUVXG b ɢbGɛ(VSHOXFKH6DLQW5RPDLQb ɢbGH6LPDQGUHV/D3ODLQHb ɢbGH6LPDQGUHV/HV(VWRXUQHOOHV 480 TABL. XLIX Quotient de mortalité et nombre réel des décès pour les sites de Saint-Martin et Saint-Romain. 153 /HVU«VXOWDWVVRQWV\QWK«WLV«VGDQVOHWDEOHDX;/9,,,/HVSUREOªPHVP«WKRGRORJLTXHV «QRQF«VHQLQWURGXFWLRQ¢FHWUDYDLOIRQWTXHFHUWDLQVLQGLYLGXVSHXYHQWDSSDUWHQLU¢ GHX[FODVVHVGɛ¤JHVXFFHVVLYHV b 20.6.1.3 Distribution par âge et par sexe de la population inhumée 154 /D  ]RQH  VXG  GH  %RXUERXVVRQ  QH  UHQIHUPH  TXH  bLQGLYLGXV  LPPDWXUHV  G«F«G«V HQWUHbbHWbbDQV‚6DLQW0DUWLQ ]RQHb /H'XF%RXUERXVVRQQRUGHW0RQW0RUDXG QɛRQW «W« LQKXP«V TXH GHV DGXOWHV GRQW OɛHIIHFWLI YDULH HQWUH bHWb 7RXV OHV SHWLWV JURXSHV  QɛRQW  FHSHQGDQW  SDV  XQ  UHFUXWHPHQW  VS«FLDOLV«  VXLYDQW  Oɛ¤JH  DX  G«FªV SXLVTXɛDX[(VWRXUQHOOHVRQWURXYHXQHIHPPHHWXQHQIDQWHWTXɛ¢/ɛ+RUWDObLQGLYLGXV VXUbbVRQW  LPPDWXUHV  'DQV  FH  GHUQLHU  HQVHPEOH  bDGXOWHV  VXUbbVRQW  I«PLQLQV  OH VHSWLªPHHVWLQG«WHUPLQ« HWLOQɛH[LVWHDXFXQHQIDQWGDQVOHVFODVVHVbbHWbbDQV‚/D 3ODLQHOHVHQIDQWVHWOHVDGXOWHVVRQWP«ODQJ«VGDQVOHVGHX[VHFWHXUV bLPPDWXUHV 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FRQQXHQɛD\DQWXQHHVS«UDQFHGHYLH¢ODQDLVVDQFHLQI«ULHXUH¢bbDQVRXVXS«ULHXUH ¢bbDQV'HSOXVVLOɛRQFRPSDUHOHVTXRWLHQWVGHVFODVVHVVXLYDQWHVDYHFFHX[GɛXQH SRSXODWLRQR»OɛHVS«UDQFHGHYLH¢ODQDLVVDQFHHVWFRPSULVHGDQVFHWLQWHUYDOOHLOV SDUDLVVHQW  WRXW  ¢  IDLW  DFFHSWDEOHV  HW  VRQW  GRQF  HQ  FRQWUDGLFWLRQ  DYHF  OHV  U«VXOWDWV REWHQXVVXUOHVGHX[SUHPLªUHVFODVVHV1RXVDYRQVDORUVSOXVSU«FLV«PHQWFRPSDU« OɛHQVHPEOH  GH  OD  SRSXODWLRQ  DGXOWH  HW  LPPDWXUH  ¢  GHV  FRXUEHV  GH  U«I«UHQFH  R» OɛHVS«UDQFHGHYLH¢ODQDLVVDQFHHVWGHbbHWGHbbDQV ILJ /HVDQRPDOLHVWRXFKHQW QHWWHPHQW  OHV  GHX[  SUHPLªUHV  FODVVHV  LPPDWXUHV    HWbbDQV  TXL  VRQW  VRXV UHSU«VHQW«HV  DORUV  TXH  OHV  YDOHXUV  GHV  WURLV  VXLYDQWHV  HQWUHQW  GDQV  OɛLQWHUYDOOH  GH YDULDWLRQGHVSRSXODWLRQVGHU«I«UHQFHFKRLVLHV/HVU«VXOWDWVREWHQXVVXUOHVDGXOWHV VRQWUHODWLYHPHQWDFFHSWDEOHVP¬PHVXUOHVFODVVHVOHVSOXVMHXQHV 482 FIG. 169 Courbe de mortalité de Saint-Martin comparée à celles de deux populations de référence (N = 45). 159 ,OQɛHVWSDVSRVVLEOHGɛHVVD\HUGHFRUULJHUOHVDQRPDOLHVSDUODP«WKRGHGHVHVWLPDWHXUV G«PRJUDSKLTXHV  %RFTXHW$SSHO  0DVVHWb   OD  V«ULH  QH  UHPSOLVVDQW  SDV  OHV FRQGLWLRQV  UHTXLVHV  6HOOLHUb   SXLVTXH  OD  YDOHXU  GX  UDSSRUW  '    '  QɛDWWHLQWSDVbbHWTXHOɛHIIHFWLIWRWDOHVWLQI«ULHXU¢bbVXMHWV2QUHWLHQGUDDORUVTXHOD SRSXODWLRQDGXOWHGH6DLQW0DUWLQVHGLII«UHQFLHGɛXQHU«SDUWLWLRQWK«RULTXHGRQQ«H SDU  OHV  WDEOHV  W\SHV  /HGHUPDQQb   SXLVTXɛHOOH  SU«VHQWH  XQ  LPSRUWDQW  G«ILFLW  GH MHXQHVHQIDQWV b Espeluche / Saint-Romain 160 /HVTXRWLHQWVRQW«W«FDOFXO«VSRXUOHVFODVVHVGɛ¤JHLPPDWXUHVVXUODEDVHGHOɛHIIHFWLI GHODSRSXODWLRQWRWDOH/ɛHQIDQWGRQWOɛ¤JHDXG«FªVQHSHXW¬WUHHVWLP« 63 D«W« YHQWLO«VXUODFODVVHODSOXVMHXQH bDQ VHORQOHSULQFLSHGHFRQIRUPLW«/HVYDOHXUV REWHQXHV  SRXUbTb bɥ  HWbTb bɥ  HQWUHQW  GDQV  OHV  OLPLWHV  GH  YDULDWLRQ DGPLVHV  SRXU  OHV  VRFL«W«V  SU«MHQQ«ULHQQHV  ELHQ  TXH  OD  VHFRQGH  UHVWH  IDLEOH  $LQVL FRQWUDLUHPHQW¢6DLQW0DUWLQOɛ«TXLOLEUHHQWUHOHVSRSXODWLRQVDGXOWHHWLPPDWXUHHVW UHVSHFW«(QUHYDQFKHODGLVWULEXWLRQGHVLQGLYLGXVHQWUHOHVGLII«UHQWHVFODVVHVGɛ¤JH QɛHVWSDVQRUPDOHSXLVTXHODSOXVMHXQHHVWQHWWHPHQWVRXVUHSU«VHQW«H ILJ bOH TXRWLHQWbTbFRUUHVSRQG¢XQHHVS«UDQFHGHYLH¢ODQDLVVDQFHSURFKHGHbbDQVWDQGLV TXH  OHV  YDOHXUV  VXLYDQWHV  VRQW  FRQIRUPHV  ¢  FHOOHV  TXH  OɛRQ  UHQFRQWUH  GDQV  GHV SRSXODWLRQVGRQWOɛHVS«UDQFHGHYLHHVWGHbbHWGHbbDQV/DVWUXFWXUHSDU¤JHGHOD SRSXODWLRQDGXOWHQɛDSX¬WUHFDOFXO«HHQUDLVRQGXSHWLWHIIHFWLIGLVSRQLEOH 1 b  OɛHVWLPDWLRQGHOɛ¤JHLQGLYLGXHODXG«FªVGHVDGXOWHVW«PRLJQHGHODSU«VHQFHGɛDGXOWHV ¤J«V  SXLVTXHbbSHXYHQW  DYRLU  G«SDVV«bbDQV  'HX[  VXMHWV  VRQW  G«F«G«V HQWUHbbHWbbDQV 483 FIG. 170 Courbe de mortalité des classes d’âge immatures de Saint-Romain comparée à celles de deux populations de référence. b 20.6.1.5 Conclusion 161 'DQVODPHVXUHR»OHSULQFLSHGHPLQLPDOLVDWLRQGHVDQRPDOLHVG«PRJUDSKLTXHVD«W« DSSOLTX«  VXU  OHV  YDOHXUV  EUXWHV  GH  QRWUH  V«ULH  OHV  ELDLV  REVHUY«V  ¢  VDYRLU  OD  VRXV 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¬WUH LQYRTX«HGDQVOHFDVGH6DLQW5RPDLQR»OHG«ILFLWSRUWHVXUFHWWHFODVVHGɛ¤JHVHOOHQH FRQFHUQHUDLWSDV6DLQW0DUWLQR»LOHQJOREHODVXLYDQWH6LOɛRQUHWLHQWODSURSRVLWLRQ GɛXQHV«OHFWLRQRQUHPDUTXHTXɛHOOHQHVɛHIIHFWXHSDVVXUOHVP¬PHVFODVVHVGɛ¤JHGDQV OHVGHX[HQVHPEOHVIXQ«UDLUHVOHG«ILFLWREVHUY«¢6DLQW5RPDLQUHVWDQWIDLEOHSXLVTXɛLO QHVɛH[SULPHTXHGDQVOHFDGUHGɛXQHSRSXODWLRQGRQWOɛHVS«UDQFHGHYLH¢ODQDLVVDQFH VHUDLWGHbbDQV 162 /HSHWLWHIIHFWLITXLFDUDFW«ULVHOHVDXWUHVJURXSHVIXQ«UDLUHVQHSHUPHWSDVGHGLVFXWHU ODGLVWULEXWLRQSDU¤JHGHVLPPDWXUHV(QWRXWFDVFHVJURXSHVQHVRQWSDVFRQVWLWX«V XQLTXHPHQWGHVFODVVHVGɛ¤JHPDQTXDQWHVGDQVOHVJUDQGVHQVHPEOHVSXLVTXHVHXOXQ LQGLYLGXG«F«G«DYDQWXQDQHQHVWLVVX %RXUERXVVRQ HWTXHOHVHQIDQWVG«F«G«VHQWUH 484 bHWbbDQVQHVRQWSDVSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWQRPEUHX[/HVU«VXOWDWVREWHQXVVXUFHVSHWLWV JURXSHV  SHXYHQW  DLQVL  FRUUHVSRQGUH  ¢  XQ  «FKDQWLOORQ  DO«DWRLUH  GɛXQH  SRSXODWLRQ QDWXUHOOHVLOɛRQDGPHWTXɛLOVɛDJLWGɛRFFXSDWLRQVSRQFWXHOOHVGHFRXUWHGXU«H b 20.6.2 L’état sanitaire : l’exemple des hypoplasies linéaires de l’émail dentaire 163 /H  SRXUFHQWDJH  GɛK\SRSODVLHV  OLQ«DLUHV  GH  Oɛ«PDLO  GHQWDLUH  +/‹'  HVW  J«Q«UDOHPHQW «OHY«  GDQV  OHV  SRSXODWLRQV  P«GL«YDOHV  b¢bb   FRPPH  QRXV  OɛDYRQV  UDSSHO«  HW PRQWU«GDQVOɛ«WXGHGHOɛHQVHPEOHIXQ«UDLUHGH%HDXPH FIFKDSb 1RXVDYRQVSX UHPDUTXHU  ¢  SOXVLHXUV  UHSULVHV  TXH  OHV  IU«TXHQFHV  FKXWHQW  GH  ID©RQ  QRWDEOH  VL  OɛRQ «YDFXHGXFRPSWDJHOHVWUDFHVVXSHUILFLHOOHV'DQVODPHVXUHR»FHVGHUQLªUHVSHXYHQW ¬WUHFRQIRQGXHVDYHFGHVWUDFHVGɛXQDXWUHW\SHɘOHVS«ULN\PDWLHVQRWDPPHQWTXLQH W«PRLJQHQWSDVGHWURXEOHVPDLVVRQWOHVPDUTXHVQRUPDOHVGHODFURLVVDQFHGHQWDLUHɘ QRXV  DYRQV  FKRLVL  LFL  GH  UHOHYHU  XQLTXHPHQW  OHV  VWULHV  SURIRQGHV  RX  FHOOHV  TXL  VH SU«VHQWHQWVXUWRXWHODODUJHXUGHODIDFHYHVWLEXODLUHGHODGHQW 164 /HVbbHQVHPEOHV  IXQ«UDLUHV  TXL  QH  FRPSRUWHQW  TXHbbVXMHWV  FKDFXQ  /H  'XF  0RQW 0RUDXG  /HV  (VWRXUQHOOHV  QɛRQW  SDV  «W«  SULV  HQ  FRPSWHb  OHV  U«VXOWDWV  REWHQXV  ¢ %RXUERXVVRQHWGDQVOHVHFWHXUbbGH6DLQW0DUWLQR»VHXOVbbLQGLYLGXVSRXYDLHQW¬WUH 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L 485 TABl. L Hypoplasies linéaires de l’émail dentaire (HLÉD). ND nombre de dents observées ; HP nombre d’hypoplasies sur nombre de dents ; / absence de dents permanentes, usure ou présence de tartre occultant la lecture. 165 ‚6DLQW0DUWLQbVTXHOHWWHVVXUbbRQWSX¬WUHH[DPLQ«VHWbbGɛHQWUHHX[SU«VHQWHQW GHV+/‹'‚6DLQW5RPDLQODPRLWL«VHXOHPHQWGHODV«ULHDSXIDLUHOɛREMHWGHFHWWH UHFKHUFKH2QQRWHbbLQGLYLGXVVXUbbVHXOHPHQWTXLVRQWSRUWHXUVGHFHW\SHGHWUDFHV bVTXHOHWWHVVXUbbRQWSX¬WUHXWLOLV«V¢/ɛ+RUWDOHWbbVRQWFRQFHUQ«VSDUXQHDWWHLQWH (QILQ  OHV  GHQWV  GHbbLQGLYLGXV  VXUbb«WDLHQW  REVHUYDEOHV  ¢  /D  3ODLQH  HWbbVTXHOHWWHV SURYHQDQWGXVHFWHXUHVWSRUWHQWGHV+/‹' 166 /HVU«VXOWDWVREWHQXVVHVLWXHQWELHQHQGHVVRXVGHVSRXUFHQWDJHVREVHUY«VGDQVOHV V«ULHV  R»  WRXWHV  OHV  PDUTXHV  VRQW  SULVHV  HQ  FRPSWHb  GDQV  FKDFXQ  GHV  HQVHPEOHV SU«VHQW«VOHQRPEUHGHVXMHWVG«SRXUYXVGɛ+/‹'HVWVXS«ULHXUDXQRPEUHGHVXMHWV DWWHLQWVFHVGHUQLHUVQHUHSU«VHQWDQWTXHbbGHVVTXHOHWWHVH[DPLQ«V¢6DLQW5RPDLQ HWbb¢6DLQW0DUWLQ,OFRQYLHQWELHQV½UGHSRQG«UHUFHVU«VXOWDWVSDUOHQRPEUH GɛLQGLYLGXVGHFKDTXHV«ULHSXLVSDUOHQRPEUHGHWUDFHVUHFRQQXHVSDUUDSSRUWDX QRPEUHGHGHQWVFRQVHUY«HV/DFRPSDUDLVRQGHVTXDWUHV«ULHVUHWHQXHVPRQWUHDORUV TXHOHVVTXHOHWWHVGH6DLQW0DUWLQHWGH6DLQW5RPDLQSU«VHQWHQWPRLQVGɛ+/‹'TXHOHV DXWUHV ILJ /HVLQGLYLGXVSRUWHXUVGHPRLQVGHbbGɛDWWHLQWHVɘSDUUDSSRUWDX QRPEUHGHGHQWVREVHUY«HVɘ\VRQWHQHIIHWSOXVQRPEUHX[WDQGLVTXHGDQVOHVGHX[ DXWUHVV«ULHVOHVWUDFHVYDULHQWHQWUHbHWbb8QVHXOVTXHOHWWHLVVXGH6DLQW0DUWLQ SRVVªGHGHV+/‹'VXUWRXWHVVHVGHQWVPDLVOHQRPEUHREVHUYDEOHGHFHVGHUQLªUHV «WDQWGHbbVHXOHPHQWODYDOHXUGHFHWWHREVHUYDWLRQGRLW¬WUHQXDQF«H'HX[VTXHOHWWHV VRQW  SRUWHXUV  GH  GHX[  VWULHV  SDU  GHQW  FKDFXQ  PDLV  O¢  HQFRUH  XQH  VHXOH  GHQW  HVW FRQFHUQ«H WDEO/  486 FIG. 171 Pourcentage d’hypoplasies par rapport au nombre d’individus examinés. 167 /ɛLQWHUSU«WDWLRQGHFHVU«VXOWDWVUHVWHG«OLFDWHFRPSWHWHQXGHV«FDUWVLPSRUWDQWVTXL H[LVWHQW  HQWUH  OHV  HIIHFWLIV  GHV  GLII«UHQWV  HQVHPEOHV  1RXV  FRQVLG«URQV  TXH  FHX[  GH 6DLQW5RPDLQHW6DLQW0DUWLQVRQWPLHX[¢P¬PHGɛ¬WUHGLVFXW«VHWTXɛLOVFRQVWLWXHQW 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U«GXFWULFH ¢ S¤WH JULVH VLOLFHXVH QRQ NDROLQLWLTXH HW QRQ JOD©XU«H /HXU WH[WXUH HVW DVVH]  JURVVLªUH  HW  SU«VHQWH  GH  QRPEUHXVHV  LQFOXVLRQV  VDEOHXVHV  /HV  DO«DV  GH  OD IDEULFDWLRQGHVYDVHVRQWSXSDUIRLVGRQQHUGHVYDULDWLRQVGHFRXOHXUVDVVH]PDUTX«HV /DQDWXUHGHVFXLVVRQVHWSRVWFXLVVRQVHVWWUªVYDULDEOH 3HOOHWLHU9DOODXULbb  /HVFRORULVVRQWYDUL«VHWSHXYHQWDOOHUGXJULVWUªVFODLUDXQRLUHQSDVVDQWSDUOHEHLJH IRQF«/HVWHVVRQVSHXYHQW¬WUHSDUIRLVGHFRXOHXUEHLJHEUXQHRXURXJHHW¬WUHFODVV«V GDQVFHWWHFDW«JRULH/HVWHLQWHVQHVRQWSDVWRXMRXUVLGHQWLTXHVHQVXUIDFHHWGDQVOHV FDVVXUHV8QHGHVFULSWLRQSOXVG«WDLOO«HGHVFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHVGHVS¤WHVVHUDU«DOLV«HGDQV OHVQRWLFHVGHVLWHV FIib  b Céramique à cuisson réductrice et glaçure plombifère (Red. gl.) 99 3¤WHJULVHVLOLFHXVHDVVH]JURVVLªUHDYHFJOD©XUHSORPELIªUHSDUVHP«H b Céramique grise kaolinitique (Kaol.) 100 &HWWHFDW«JRULHD«W«GLVWLQJX«HGHVF«UDPLTXHVJULVHVQRQJOD©XU«HV6LOHVWHFKQLTXHV GH  IDEULFDWLRQ  VRQW  LGHQWLTXHV  DYHF  OɛXWLOLVDWLRQ  GH  OD  SRVWFXLVVRQ  U«GXFWULFH  OD 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Les ensembles par site 103 /HVQRWLFHVGɛHQVHPEOHVSDUVLWHQHSUHQQHQWSDVHQFRPSWHODU«SDUWLWLRQVHORQOHV XQLW«V VWUDWLJUDSKLTXHV GH FKDTXH FKDQWLHU (Q HIIHW OɛKRPRJ«Q«LW« GHV ORWV HW OHXU DVSHFWTXDQWLWDWLIRQWVXJJ«U«GɛHIIHFWXHUGHVUHJURXSHPHQWVHWGHOHVSU«VHQWHUGDQV OHXUJOREDOLW« b 576 21.4.1 Upie / Les Vignarets (Drôme) 104 /HPRELOLHUF«UDPLTXHGXVLWHGHV9LJQDUHWV¢8SLH UHVS-0/XURO$IDQ FRPSRV« GHbbWHVVRQV  SURYLHQW  GH  IRVVHV  GH  QLYHDX[  GH  VROV  HW  GɛDEDQGRQ  /H  ORW  OH  SOXV DERQGDQWHVWLVVXGHVQLYHDX[GHUHPEODLVGɛDEDQGRQ b Types de production 105 /DF«UDPLTXH¢FXLVVRQU«GXFWULFHHVWODVHXOHUHSU«VHQW«H8QHGHVHVFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHV PDMHXUHVU«VLGHGDQVOɛK«W«URJ«Q«LW«GHVWHVVRQV$ILQGHQHSDVPXOWLSOLHUOHVW\SHVGH SURGXFWLRQLOVRQWWRXV«W«FODVV«VGDQVXQP¬PHJURXSH(QGH©¢GɛXQFKDQJHPHQWGH FRXOHXUOHVFDUDFWªUHVPRUSKRORJLTXHVUHVWHQWLGHQWLTXHV/HVS¤WHVLGHQWLIL«HVVRQW SRXUODSOXSDUWDVVH]JURVVLªUHVDYHFGHQRPEUHXVHVLQFOXVLRQVGHSDUWLFXOHVVDEOHXVHV /HVFRORULVYRQWGXJULVFODLUDXEUXQHQSDVVDQWSDUGHVS¤WHVGLWHVmbVDQGZLFKb}DX FüXU  URXJH  HW  DX[  VXUIDFHV  EUXQHV  HW  GHV  S¤WHV  GH  FRXOHXU  EHLJH  7RXWHV  FHV F«UDPLTXHVVRQWHQPDXYDLV«WDWGHFRQVHUYDWLRQHWWUªV«URG«HV/HV«GLPHQWGRQW HOOHV  SURYLHQQHQW  HQ  HVW  SHXW¬WUH  UHVSRQVDEOH  /D  F«UDPLTXH  NDROLQLWLTXH  HVW  LFL DEVHQWH b Aspects typologiques 106 /HVW\SHVGHOªYUHVLGHQWLIL«VW«PRLJQHQWGɛXQHPDLJUHGLYHUVLW«GHVSURILOV WDEO/,  /HVOªYUHVGHW\SHb ILJbQRVb VRQWPDMRULWDLUHVDYHFbbVXLYLHVGHVOªYUHV GHW\SHbF ILJbQRVb DYHFbbHWOHW\SHOD ILJbQRb DYHFbb/HVW\SHVbD ILJ  b  QRb  HWbE  ILJbb  QRb  UHVWHQW  DQHFGRWLTXHV  DYHF  UHVSHFWLYHPHQW  b HWbb 7RXV FHV ERUGV DSSDUWLHQQHQW ¢ GHV IRUPHV IHUP«HVb RXOHV HW FUXFKHV ¢ EHF SLQF«/HVRXOHVSRVVªGHQWGHVERUGVGHW\SHVbbHWbbOHXUGLDPªWUHGɛRXYHUWXUHHVWVLWX« HQWUHbbHWbbPP/HVFUXFKHV¢EHFSLQF« bYDVHV VRQWFDUDFW«ULV«HVSDUXQERUGGH W\SHODDVVRFL«¢XQODUJHEHFSLQF« ILJbQRb  TABL. LI Upie / Les Vignarets : répartition des bords par type dans la production kaolinitique, seule représentée. 577 FIG. 175 Upie / Les Vignarets : céramique Xe-XIe s. 1-8 ouïes à lèvre en bandeau ; 9 cruche à bec pincé ; 10-13 pots à lèvre excisée ; 14 fond marqué. 107 7RXVOHVIRQGVLGHQWLIL«VVRQWERPE«VRXOHQWLFXODLUHV8QH[HPSODLUHSRUWHXQHPDUTXH HQUHOLHI ILJbQRb GRQWOHPRWLIHVWGLIILFLOHPHQWSHUFHSWLEOHbLOHVWDVVH]SURFKH GɛXQPRGªOHFUXFLIRUPH/HVDQVHVVRQWUXEDQ«HVHWSHXYHQW¬WUHDVVRFL«HVDX[FUXFKHV ¢EHFSLQF«8QVHXOWHVVRQSRUWHXQG«FRUSHLJQ«RQG«U«DOLV«VXUS¤WHIUD°FKH b Proposition de datation 108 /HV«O«PHQWVOHVSOXVFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHVGHFHORWVRQWOHVIRQGVERPE«VHWOHIRQGPDUTX« DVVRFL«V¢GHVOªYUHVGHW\SHbbHWGHW\SHb/HPDQTXHGHGLYHUVLW«GXYDLVVHOLHUHVWXQH FRQVWDQWHGHVORWVGDXSKLQRLVGDW«VGHVb;Hɖ;,HbV/HIRQGPDUTX«FRQVWLWXHXQ«O«PHQW GDWDQWXWLOHGDQVOHVORWVW\SRORJLTXHPHQWSHXGLYHUVLIL«V&HVPDUTXHVVRQW¢FHMRXU DWWULEX«HVDX[;H;,HV )DXUH%RXFKDUODWb  109 /D  SU«VHQFH  GɛXQ  WHO  IRQG  VXU  FH  VLWH  FRQVWLWXH  XQ  «O«PHQW  VXSSO«PHQWDLUH  SRXU  OD FRQQDLVVDQFH  GH  IDLUH  GH  U«SDUWLWLRQ  GHV  IRQGV  PDUTX«V  TXL  HVW  FRQVWLWX«H  SDU  OH /\RQQDLVHWOH'DXSKLQ« 5H\QDXGHWDO /HVFUXFKHV¢EHFSLQF««YRTXHQWGHV U«FLSLHQWVFRQQXV¢&KDUDYLQHVGDQVXQFRQWH[WHGDW«GHODSUHPLªUHPRLWL«GX ;,HV )DXUH%RXFKDUODW0DFFDUL3RLVVRQb  110 /D  FRPSDUDLVRQ  DYHF  GHV  ORWV  SOXV  P«ULGLRQDX[  QɛD  SDV  IRXUQL  Gɛ«O«PHQWV VXSSO«PHQWDLUHV  GH  FKURQRORJLH  ,O  HVW  SRVVLEOH  GɛLQW«JUHU  FH  ORW  GDQV  XQ  IDFLªV GDXSKLQRLVLGHQWLTXHDX[VLWHVSOXVVHSWHQWULRQDX[7UªVKRPRJªQHVXUOɛHQVHPEOHGHV SKDVHVGɛRFFXSDWLRQHWGɛDEDQGRQGXVLWHLOSHXW¬WUHGDW«GHVHQYLURQVGHOɛDQPLOOH 111 /HV  WURLV  DQDO\VHV  DX  UDGLRFDUERQH  U«DOLV«HV  VXU  GHV  FKDUERQV  GH  ERLV  VH  VLWXHQW «JDOHPHQWDX[DOHQWRXUVGHOɛDQPLOOH FIFKDSb  578 b 21.4.2 Crest / Bourbousson 2 (Drôme) 112 /HORWGH%RXUERXVVRQ¢&UHVW UHVS9%DVWDUG$IDQ HVWFRQVWLWX«GHbbbWHVVRQV UHSU«VHQWDQW  XQ  QRPEUH  PLQLPXP  GHbbLQGLYLGXV  &H  ORW  HVW  U«SDUWL  HQ  WURLV HQVHPEOHV/HSUHPLHUSURYLHQWGHFRXFKHVGɛDEDQGRQGXVLWHDYHFXQPRELOLHUWUªV IUDJPHQW«HWU«VLGXHOSURYHQDQWYUDLVHPEODEOHPHQWGXVLWHJDOORURPDLQSURFKH/HV GHX[DXWUHVFRUUHVSRQGHQW¢OɛRFFXSDWLRQGHGHX[E¤WLPHQWV/HVWHVVRQVSURYLHQQHQW SRXUODSOXSDUWGHQLYHDX[GHVROVGɛR»XQHIRUWHIUDJPHQWDWLRQHWSRXUFHUWDLQVGH IRVVHVTXLRQWOLYU«GHVF«UDPLTXHVSOXVDERQGDQWHVHWPLHX[FRQVHUY«HV FIFKDSb  113 /HV  SURGXFWLRQV  UHQFRQWU«HV  VRQW  SHX  GLYHUVLIL«HV  ,O  VɛDJLW  HQ  JUDQGH  PDMRULW«  GH F«UDPLTXHV  ¢  FXLVVRQ  U«GXFWULFH  b   DVVH]  JURVVLªUHV  SU«VHQWDQW  GH  QRPEUHXVHV LQFOXVLRQV/HXUDVSHFW«URG«HVWSHXW¬WUHOL«DXV«GLPHQWR»HOOHVRQW«W«G«FRXYHUWHV &HVF«UDPLTXHVVRQWWUªVSURFKHVGHFHOOHVTXHOɛRQUHQFRQWUHVXUOHVLWHGɛ8SLH/HV 9LJQDUHWV/DF«UDPLTXHJULVHNDROLQLWLTXH b HWODF«UDPLTXH¢FXLVVRQR[\GDQWH b VRQWUHSU«VHQW«HVSDUTXHOTXHVWHVVRQVTXLVRQWYUDLVHPEODEOHPHQWU«VLGXHOV HWTXHOɛRQSHXWDVVRFLHU¢ODSUR[LPLW«GXVLWHJDOORURPDLQGH%RXUERXVVRQb/HV TXHOTXHVWHVVRQVGHJULVHNDROLQLWLTXHQHVRQWLOOXVWU«VTXHSDUGHVIUDJPHQWVGHSDURLV b 21.4.2.1 Une fréquentation au haut Moyen Âge 114 /HVWUDFHVGɛXQHIU«TXHQWDWLRQGXVLWHGXUDQWOHG«EXWGX0R\HQ„JHVRQWIRXUQLHVSDU GHV WHVVRQV SHXW¬WUH HQ VLWXDWLRQ U«VLGXHOOH GDQV OH E¤WLPHQWb TXL VH GLVWLQJXHQW QHWWHPHQWGXUHVWHGXPRELOLHU 115 /HVOªYUHVVRQWUHSU«VHQW«HVSDUOHVW\SHVbD b b b ODHWbE b HQF«UDPLTXH¢ FXLVVRQU«GXFWULFH/DJULVHNDROLQLWLTXHDOLYU«XQERUGGHW\SHbb ILJbQRb HWXQ GHW\SHbb ILJbQRb &HVGHUQLHUVDSSDUWLHQQHQW¢XQU«SHUWRLUHW\SRORJLTXHTXH OɛRQSHXWUDWWDFKHU¢Oɛ$QWLTXLW«WDUGLYHHWDXKDXW0R\HQ„JH 579 FIG. 176 Crest / Bourbousson : céramique du haut Moyen Âge. 1-9 ollae ; 11 bord en bourrelet, récipient non identifié ; 12, 13 bords de cruches ; 14 gobelet ; 15 bord de récipient non identifié ; 16 bord de coupe en jatte ; 17-19 mortiers. b Proposition de datation 116 /HVERUGVOHVSOXVFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHVUHVWHQWOHVERUGVWULDQJXODLUHVGHW\SHbb ILJb QRVb TXLDSSDUWLHQQHQW¢GHVROODHDWWULEX«HVDX[ 9H9,HV&ɛHVW«JDOHPHQWOHFDV GHVERUGVGHW\SHbbTXL«TXLSHQWOHVIRUPHVRXYHUWHVGHW\SHPRUWLHURXMDWWH ILJb QRVb /HW\SHbD ILJbbQRb HVWSU«VHQWDX[9H9,,HVHQ/\RQQDLV +RUU\b   HW  MXVTXɛDX  9,,H V  ¢  6DLQW%ODLVH  GDQV  OHV  %RXFKHVGX5K¶QH  '«PLDQV Gɛ$UFKLPEDXGbb   /H W\SHbE  ILJ b QRb HVW WUªV SURFKH GH IRUPHV DQWLTXHV  HW  GɛH[HPSODLUHV  GH  G«ULY«HV  GH  VLJLOO«HV  SDO«RFKU«WLHQQHV  /H  ERUG  GH W\SHbb ILJbQRb HQJULVHNDROLQLWLTXHDSSDUWLHQWSHXW¬WUH¢XQHIRUPHRXYHUWH GHW\SHEROFDU«Q«GRQWOHVH[HPSODLUHVFRQQXVHQ5K¶QH$OSHVVRQWGDW«VGHV 9H9,,H VHWGHVb9Hɖ9,HbVGDQVOHVU«JLRQVP«ULGLRQDOHV¢/RPEUHQ &DWKPDbDb /H ERUGGHW\SHbE ILJbQRb HVW¢FHMRXUFRQQXHQ/\RQQDLVGDQVGHVFRQWH[WHVGHV 9,,H,;H V  +RUU\bb     +RUPLV  OHV  GHX[  H[HPSODLUHV  HQ  F«UDPLTXH  JULVH NDROLQLWLTXH  WRXV  FHV  U«FLSLHQWV  VRQW  HQ  S¤WH  VLOLFHXVH  DVVH]  JURVVLªUH  ¢  FXLVVRQ U«GXFWULFHLGHQWLTXH¢FHOOHGHVERUGVGHW\SHbbHWbF&HVYDVHVSURYLHQQHQWHQPDMRULW« GH  UHPEODLV  HW  VRQW  DVVH]  IUDJPHQW«V  ,OV  VRQW  SHXW¬WUH  OL«V  ¢  XQH  RFFXSDWLRQ  SOXV SU«FRFH/RUVGɛXQVDXYHWDJH¢OɛRXHVWGXVLWHSOXVLHXUVREVHUYDWLRQVDYDLHQWSHUPLV GɛHQYLVDJHUXQHWHOOHK\SRWKªVH'DQVOHVHFWHXUbXQERUGGHW\SHbDHQF«UDPLTXH U«GXFWULFHD«W«LQYHQWRUL« ILJbQRb ,OHVWSURFKHGHFHX[FRQQXVVXUOHVROODHGHV 9H9,HV ¢/\RQ $\DODbb 8QERUGGHW\SHbF ILJbQ Rb VHPEODEOH¢GHV H[HPSODLUHVP«ULGLRQDX[HVWGDW«GHV9,H9,,,HV&HWWH«YHQWXHOOHIU«TXHQWDWLRQGXUDQW Oɛ$QWLTXLW«WDUGLYHHWOHKDXW0R\HQ„JHSHXW¬WUHPLVHHQUHODWLRQDYHFOHVLWHJDOOR 580 URPDLQ  GH  %RXUERXVVRQb  GRQW  OD  GHUQLªUH  RFFXSDWLRQ  HVW  VLWX«H  GDQV  OH  FRXUDQW GXb9HbV  7RXV  FHV  «O«PHQWV  SHUPHWWHQW  GH  SODFHU  FHOOHFL  GDQV  XQH  ODUJH  IRXUFKHWWH FKURQRORJLTXHVLWX«HHQWUHOH9,HHWOH9,,,HV b 21.4.2.2 Le mobilier du bâtiment 1 117 /D  IRXLOOH  GH  FH  SUHPLHU  E¤WLPHQW  D  OLYU«  bbWHVVRQV  /D  F«UDPLTXH  ¢  FXLVVRQ U«GXFWULFHHVWLFLPDMRULWDLUHDYHFbb/DJULVHNDROLQLWLTXHUHSU«VHQWHVHXOHPHQWb /HVF«UDPLTXHVJDOORURPDLQHVU«VLGXHOOHVVRQWLOOXVWU«HVSDUGHVSURGXFWLRQV¢S¤WH URXJHGHVF«UDPLTXHV¢UHY¬WHPHQWDUJLOHX[HWWUªVYUDLVHPEODEOHPHQWSDUXQHSDUWLH GHVJULVHVNDROLQLWLTXHV 118 /HVW\SHVGHOªYUHVHQF«UDPLTXH¢FXLVVRQU«GXFWULFHLGHQWLIL«VVRQWGRPLQ«VSDUOHV ERUGV«YDV«V ILJbQRVb GHW\SHbb b VXLYLGHVOªYUHVHQEDQGHDXGHW\SHbF b HWGHOªYUHVGHW\SHbEDYHFbb WDEO/,, /HVDXWUHVW\SHVVRQWG«YHORSS«VSOXV KDXWHQUDLVRQGHOHXUFDUDFWªUHFKURQRORJLTXHSDUWLFXOLHU7RXVOHVIRQGVREVHUY«V SU«VHQWHQW  XQ  ERPEHPHQW  SOXV  RX  PRLQV  SURQRQF«  /HV  IRUPHV  LGHQWLIL«HV  VRQW  OHV RXOHVDYHFGHVERUGVGHW\SHbbHWbF¢SDURLVJOREXODLUHVHWIRQGVERPE«V8QERUGGH W\SHbbHVWDVVRFL«¢XQHFUXFKH¢EHFSRQW«SUHVTXHWXEXODLUH ILJbQRb OHERUGGH W\SHOD ILJbQRb DSSDUWLHQWDX[FUXFKHV¢EHFSLQF«/HVDQVHVVRQWWRXWHVSODWHV HW UXEDQ«HV HW DSSDUWLHQQHQW VDQV GRXWH DX[ FUXFKHV 4XDWUH WHVVRQV SRUWDLHQW GHV G«FRUV¢ODPROHWWHVLPSOHSHX«ODERU«V8QVHXOWHVVRQSRUWDLWXQPRWLIOLVV« ILJb QRb  FIG. 177 Crest / Bourbousson : céramique du bâtiment 1, Xe-XIe s. 1-4 ouïes à lèvre en bandeau ; 5 décor lissé sur paroi ; 6 cruche à bec tubulaire ponté ; 7-22 pots à lèvre évasée. 581 TABL LII Crest / Bourbousson : mobilier du bâtiment 1. Répartition des bords par type et mode de cuisson. b 21.4.2.3 Le mobilier du bâtiment 2 119 /HVGHX[SKDVHVGXE¤WLPHQWRQWOLYU«bbWHVVRQV/DF«UDPLTXH¢FXLVVRQU«GXFWULFH HQUHSU«VHQWHbVXLYLHGHODJULVHNDROLQLWLTXHDYHFbb/HVS¤WHVUHQFRQWU«HVVRQW LGHQWLTXHV  ¢  FHOOHV  GX  E¤WLPHQWb  3DUPL  OHV  OªYUHV  LGHQWLIL«HV  OH  W\SHbbGRPLQH DYHFbbVXLYLSDUOHW\SHbFDYHFbbHWHQILQOHW\SHODDYHFbb/HVW\SHVDFG HWbDQHVRQWUHSU«VHQW«VUHVSHFWLYHPHQWTXHSDUXQVHXOH[HPSODLUHVRLWbb WDEO /,,, /HVIRUPHVVRQWSHXYDUL«HVHWLGHQWLTXHV¢FHOOHVGHVF«UDPLTXHVGXE¤WLPHQWb,O VɛDJLW  HQ  JUDQGH  PDMRULW«  GɛRXOHV  «TXLS«HV  GH  ERUGV  GH  W\SHbb ILJ  b  QRVb HWbb ILJbQRVb GHFUXFKHV¢EHFSRQW««TXLS«HVGHERUGVGHW\SHbb ILJb QRb HWGHFUXFKHV¢EHFSLQF«DYHFGHVERUGVGHW\SHOD ILJbQRb bOHW\SHbDHVW UHSU«VHQW«  SDU  XQ  JREHOHW  WURQFRQLTXH  ILJ  b  QRb b  WURLV  IUDJPHQWV  GH  ERUGV DSSDUWLHQQHQW  ¢  GHV  FRXYHUFOHV  7RXV  OHV  IRQGV  VRQW  ERPE«V  RX  OHQWLFXODLUHV  OHXU ERPEHPHQWQɛHVWMDPDLVWUªVU«JXOLHUHWWUªVSURQRQF«&LQTGɛHQWUHHX[SRUWHQWGHV PDUTXHVHQUHOLHI ILJbQRVb bOHVPRWLIVXWLOLV«VRIIUHQWSOXVLHXUVSRLQWVGH FRPSDUDLVRQ DYHF FHX[ GH &KDUDYLQHV  ,VªUH  /H IRQG OH PLHX[ FRQVHUY« SRUWH XQH FURL[  DX[  EUDQFKHV  DVVH]  FRXUWHV  HQWUH  OHVTXHOOHV  VH  WURXYHQW  WURLV  ERXOHV  )DXUH %RXFKDUODW0DFFDUL3RLVVRQbbILJbQRb 8QDXWUHIUDJPHQWGRLWDSSDUWHQLU DXPRWLI¢ODFURL[HWWURLVDXWUHVHQFRUHSRUWHQWGHVFURL[VLPSOHV/HVDQVHVVRQW SODWHVHWUXEDQ«HVXQHVHXOHHVWDVVRFL«H¢XQERUGGHW\SHb/HVG«FRUVFRQVLVWHQW SRXUODSOXSDUWHQGHVLPSUHVVLRQV¢ODPROHWWHVLPSOH 582 FIG. 178 Crest / Bourbousson : céramique du bâtiment 2, Xe-XIe s. 1-15 ouïes à lèvre en bandeau ; 16-20 fonds marqués ; 21-30 pots à lèvre évasée ; 31 cruche à bec tubulaire ponté ; 32 cruche à bec pincé. TABL. LIII Crest / Bourbousson : céramique du bâtiment 2. Répartition des bords par type et mode de cuisson. b Proposition de datation du mobilier des bâtiments 1 et 2 120 $XFXQ  «O«PHQW  GH  GDWDWLRQ  DEVROXH  QɛHVW  YHQX  FRPSO«WHU  FHOOH  IRXUQLH  SDU  OD F«UDPLTXH8QGHVDUJXPHQWVPDMHXUVHVWFRQVWLWX«SDUOHVIRQGVERPE«VPDUTX«VbOHV 583 F«UDPLTXHV¢IRQGPDUTX«VRQWFRQQXHVGDQVXQHJUDQGHSDUWLHGHVVLWHVP«GL«YDX[GX 'DXSKLQ«HWGX/\RQQDLV )DXUH%RXFKDUODWbb)DXUH%RXFKDUODWHWDOb)DXUH %RXFKDUODWb bTXHOTXHVH[HPSODLUHVG«FRXYHUWVGDQVOH6XGUHVWHQWDQHFGRWLTXHV .DXIIPDQQHWDOb&DWKPDDb bFHW\SHGHIRQGVHVWGDW«GHV;H;,HV 121 /DF«UDPLTXHJULVHNDROLQLWLTXHHVWLFLPLQRULWDLUHDYHFbb(OOHHVWUHSU«VHQW«HSDUGH WUªVSHWLWVIUDJPHQWVGHSDURLVTXLODLVVHQWHQYLVDJHUOHXUU«VLGXDOLW«,OVYLHQGUDLHQW DORUVFRPSO«WHUOHVbbWHVVRQVGHF«UDPLTXHJDOORURPDLQH/DSUR[LPLW«GXVLWHJDOOR URPDLQ  GH  %RXUERXVVRQbbH[SOLTXH  OD  SU«VHQFH  Gɛ«O«PHQWV  DQW«ULHXUV  ¢  OɛRFFXSDWLRQ P«GL«YDOH/HVS¤WHVUHQFRQWU«HV¢%RXUERXVVRQbbVRQWJURVVLªUHVHWUDSSHOOHQWSDUOHXU DVSHFWPRUSKRORJLTXHFHOOHVGɛ8SLH/HV9LJQDUHWVHWGH&KDEULOODQ/ɛ+RUWDO 122 6LOɛRQH[FOXWOHV«O«PHQWVDWWULEX«VDXKDXW0R\HQ„JHFHPRELOLHUHVWWUªVSURFKHGH FHOXL  Gɛ8SLH    /HV  9LJQDUHWV  ɘGDW«  GHV  ;H;,H Vɘ  SDU  VHV  FDUDFWªUHV  W\SRORJLTXHV PRUSKRORJLTXHVHWFKURQRORJLTXHVDYHFXQHIRUWHSURSRUWLRQGHERUGVGHW\SHbbHWbF DVVRFL«V¢GHVRXOHV/HVFUXFKHV¢EHFSRQW«WXEXODLUHVRQWWUªVSURFKHVGɛH[HPSODLUHV FRQQXVGDQVOHVU«JLRQVP«ULGLRQDOHV‚/RXSLDQFHVIRUPHVVRQWGDW«HVGHV ;H;,,HV &DWKPDbDb HW¢/XQHO9LHOXQHIRUPHSUHVTXHVLPLODLUHD«W«G«FRXYHUWHGDQV XQVLORHWGDW«HGHV;H;,HV 5D\QDXGbb  123 7RXV  FHV  «O«PHQWV  SHUPHWWHQW  GɛHQJOREHU  FHWWH  F«UDPLTXH  GDQV  XQ  YDLVVHOLHU  GH WUDGLWLRQGDXSKLQRLVHGHV;H;,HV b 21.4.3 Chabrillan / L’Hortal (Drôme) 124 /H  PRELOLHU  F«UDPLTXH  WURXY«  ¢  &KDEULOODQ    /ɛ+RUWDO  UHVS  5  5«WKRU«    $IDQ  HVW U«SDUWL¢OɛLQW«ULHXUGHGHX[HQVHPEOHVTXLFRUUHVSRQGHQWDX[GHX[«WDWVP«GL«YDX[GH OɛRFFXSDWLRQ  GX  VLWHb  Oɛ«WDEOLVVHPHQW  UXUDO  E¤WL  GX  KDXW  0R\HQ  „JH  HW  OɛHQVLODJH  GX 0R\HQ  „JH  P«GLDQ  FI FKDSb   ,O  HVW  FRQVWLWX«  GHbbWHVVRQV  FRUUHVSRQGDQW  ¢  XQ QRPEUHPLQLPXPGHbbLQGLYLGXV b 21.4.3.1 Le mobilier du premier état médiéval 125 ,OHVWFRQVWLWX«GHbbWHVVRQVSURYHQDQWHQPDMRULW«GHFRXFKHVGɛRFFXSDWLRQHWGH UHPEODLV/DF«UDPLTXHJDOORURPDLQHU«VLGXHOOHHVWUHSU«VHQW«HSDUbbWHVVRQVDYHF GHVF«UDPLTXHV¢UHY¬WHPHQWDUJLOHX[XQHSDURLGɛDPSKRUHJDXORLVHXQHGɛDPSKRUH KLVSDQLTXHHWXQHSDURLGɛDPSKRUHQRQLGHQWLIL«H&HORWDOLYU«XQWHVVRQGHSDURLGH F«UDPLTXH G«ULY«H GH VLJLOO«H SDO«RFKU«WLHQQH HW XQH SDURL GH F«UDPLTXH FRPPXQH JULVH¢UHY¬WHPHQWSURFKHGHODG«ULY«HGHVLJLOO«H 126 /DJULVHNDROLQLWLTXHHVWLFLPDMRULWDLUHDYHFbbGHVLQGLYLGXV/HVERUGVLGHQWLIL«V VRQWDVVH]YDUL«VDYHFXQHU«SDUWLWLRQDVVH]U«JXOLªUHDXVHLQGHVGLII«UHQWVW\SHV WDEO /,9 /HSOXVUHSU«VHQW«HVWOHW\SHbDDYHFSOXVLHXUVYDULDQWHV,OHVWVXLYLGXW\SHbbHW GDQVGHVSURSRUWLRQVLGHQWLTXHVGHVW\SHVODEEFDEFbODHWbE 0DOJU«ODIUDJPHQWDWLRQGHVWHVVRQVHWOHPDQTXHGHSURILOVFRPSOHWVLOHVWSRVVLEOHGH G«GXLUHTXHODSOXVJUDQGHSDUWLHGHFHVERUGVDSSDUWLHQW¢GHVIRUPHVIHUP«HVGHW\SH ROOD 8Q  ERUG  GH  W\SHbbSRUWH  XQH  DQVH  /H  ERUG  ¢  PDUOL  GH  W\SHbb ILJbb  Q Rb SRXUUDLW  DSSDUWHQLU  ¢  XQH  MDWWH  RX  XQH  DVVLHWWHb  LO  HVW  WUªV  SURFKH  GH  FHUWDLQV H[HPSODLUHV  GH  G«ULY«H  GH  VLJLOO«H  SDO«RFKU«WLHQQH  HQ  SDUWLFXOLHU  GX  W\SH '63bb 3\bb 8QIUDJPHQWGɛ«FXHOOH¢ERUGUHQWUDQWGHW\SHbDD«JDOHPHQW «W«LQYHQWRUL«/HVIRQGVVRQWSODWV ILJbbQRb HWOHVDQVHVURQGHV ILJbQRb  584 $XFXQG«FRUQɛD«W«REVHUY«¢OɛH[FHSWLRQGɛXQHLQFLVLRQVXUXQIRQGSODW ILJb QRb  FIG. 179 Chabrillan / L’Hortal : céramique du premier état médiéval, VIe‑VIIIe s. 1 bord de cruche ? 2-6 bords de pots à cuire ; 7 bord d’olla à anse ; 8 fond plat avec décor incisé ; 9 gobelet ; 10-17 formes ouvertes ; 18 forme non identifiée ; 19-32 bords d’ollae de première génération. 585 TABL. LIV Chabrillan / L’Hortal : mobilier du premier état médiéval, (VIe‑VIIIe s.). 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LVII Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : des XIIe-XIIIe s. 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FIG. 184 Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : céramique kaolinitique des XIIe‑XIIIe s. 1‑18 ouïes à lèvre en bandeau. 164 $YHFbbOHERUG«YDV«¢JRUJHLQWHUQHGHW\SHbbHVW«JDOHPHQWELHQUHSU«VHQW« ILJ    ,O  HVW  LGHQWLTXH  DX  W\SHb  GH  6DLQW3DXO7URLV&K¤WHDX[  R»  FHWWH  IRUPH 596 UHSU«VHQWHbbGHVERUGV«WXGL«V/DJRUJHLQWHUQHHVWSOXVRXPRLQVSURQRQF«H&HV SRXUFHQWDJHVVRQWWUªVSURFKHVGHFHX[GHOɛDWHOLHUGH6DLQW%ODLVHGH%DX]RQ b /H GLDPªWUH GH FH W\SH GH ERUG HVW FRPSULV HQWUHbbHWbbPP DYHF XQH PDMRULW« GH U«FLSLHQWVGRQWOHGLDPªWUHPD[LPDOHVWVLWX«DXWRXUGHbPP,OIDXWQRWHUOHFDV H[FHSWLRQQHO ILJbQRb GɛXQU«FLSLHQWGɛXQGLDPªWUHGHbbPP&HW\SHSHXW¬WUH DVVRFL«GDQVODJUDQGHPDMRULW«GHVFDV¢GHVIRUPHVIHUP«HVFRPPHOHVFUXFKHV¢EHF SLQF«  RX  OHV  FUXFKHV  ¢  EHF  SRQW«  /HV  FUXFKHV  ¢  EHF  SRQW«  VRQW  UHSU«VHQW«HV SDUbbLQGLYLGXV ILJbbQRVbbILJbQRVb /HVEHFVVRQWDVVH]LPSRUWDQWV $XFXQHIRUPHFRPSOªWHQɛDSHUPLVGHG«ILQLUOHW\SHGHIRQGXWLOLV«3DUFRPSDUDLVRQ DYHFGɛDXWUHVVLWHVLOHVWSRVVLEOHGɛ«YRTXHUOɛXWLOLVDWLRQPDMRULWDLUHGXIRQGERPE«/HV FUXFKHV¢EHFSLQF«GHIRUPHEDVVH ILJbQRVb WURXYHQWGHVFRPSDUDLVRQVVXUGH QRPEUHX[VLWHV¢9LYLHUV /HHQKDUGW9DOODXULb 'LJQH '«PLDQVGɛ$UFKLPEDXG 3HOOHWLHUbE GɛDXWUHVVRQWGHGLPHQVLRQVSOXVLPSRUWDQWHV ILJbQRb  FIG. 185 Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : céramique des XIIe-XIIIe s. 1-10 pots à lèvre évasée ; 11,12, 19 cruches à bec ponté ; 13, 14, 16-18, 23-26 pots à lèvre évasée ; 15 gourde ; 20 oule à lèvre évasée ; 21, 22 cruches à bec pincé. 597 FIG. 186 Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : céramique des XIIe-XIIIe s. 1-12, 14-16 pots à lèvre évasée ; 13 cruche à bec ponté ; 17 cruche à bec ponté ; 18,19 cruches non identifiées. FIG. 187 Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : céramique des XIIe-XIIIe s. 1 cruche à bec ponté ; 2, 9 cruches basses à bec pincé ; 3-6 cruches à bec pincé ; 7 jarre ; 8 cruche haute à bec pincé. 598 165 /HW\SHODFRUUHVSRQGDXW\SHbbGH6DLQW3DXO 5D\QDXGDb TXLHVWG«QRPP« mb¢OªYUHURQGHb}LOHVWDVVRFL«¢GHVFUXFKHV¢EHFSRQW«,ObQHUHSU«VHQWHTXHbbGHV H[HPSODLUHV‚%ROOªQH 7KLULRWbE LOHQUHSU«VHQWHbb/HVGLDPªWUHVUHQFRQWU«V VRQWLGHQWLTXHV¢FHX[GXW\SHb 166 /HVLWHQɛDOLYU«TXɛXQVHXOERUGGHW\SHbD ILJbbQRb /HW\SHbF ILJbbQRbb ILJ  b  QRb  HVW  SURFKH  GH  ERUGV  FRQQXV  VXU  OH  VLWH  GH  1RWUH'DPH  GH  OD  &DOOH  ¢ 'LHXOHILW  $OFDPRbb     8Q  ERUG  DSSDUWLHQW  YUDLVHPEODEOHPHQW  ¢  XQ  U«FLSLHQW GHVWLQ«DXVWRFNDJH ILJbQRb  FIG. 188 Chabrillan / Saint-Martin : céramique kaolinitique des XIIe‑XIIIe s. 1, 5 coquemars ; 2 cruche à bec ponté ; 3, 4 pots ; 6 fond plat ; 7, 8 couvercles. 167 8Q  SHWLW  ERUG  GɛRXYHUWXUH  «WURLWH  «YRTXH  XQH  JRXUGH  ILJ  b  QRb   'ɛDXWUHV 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TABL. LVIII La Roche-sur-Grane / Les Treilayes : répartition des bords par type et mode de cuisson. b Proposition de datation 179 /D  VWUDWLJUDSKLH  QɛHVW  GɛDXFXQ  VHFRXUV  SRXU  OD  GDWDWLRQ  6HXOV  OHV  DVSHFWV  SXUHPHQW W\SRORJLTXHV  SHXYHQW  ¬WUH  XWLOLV«V  &H  PRELOLHU  SHXW  ¬WUH  SODF«  GDQV  XQH  ODUJH IRXUFKHWWHFKURQRORJLTXHVLWX«HHQWUHOH ;HHWOH ;,,HV/DVLWXDWLRQGXJLVHPHQWDXVXG GH  OD  ULYLªUH  'U¶PH  H[SOLTXH  SUREDEOHPHQW  OD  SODFH  RFFXS«H  SDU  OHV  SURGXFWLRQV NDROLQLWLTXHV 603 b 21.4.6 Montboucher-sur-Jabron/ Constantin (Drôme) 180 /HPRELOLHUF«UDPLTXHGXVLWHGH0RQWERXFKHU&RQVWDQWLQ UHVS0b*R\$IDQ HVW FRQVWLWX«GHbbWHVVRQVDYHFXQQRPEUHPLQLPXPGHbbLQGLYLGXV,OHVWU«SDUWLHQ GHX[  HQVHPEOHV  FKURQRORJLTXHV  GLVWLQFWV  FRUUHVSRQGDQW  FKDFXQ  ¢  OɛRFFXSDWLRQ  GɛXQ E¤WLPHQW b 21.4.6.1 Le mobilier du bâtiment A 181 /DF«UDPLTXHSURYHQDQWGHOɛRFFXSDWLRQGXE¤WLPHQW$HWFRQWHQXHGDQVOHUHPSOLVVDJH GHVIRVVHVHVWFRQVWLWX«HGHbbWHVVRQVSRXUXQQRPEUHPLQLPXPGHbLQGLYLGXV$X VHLQ  GH  FHW  HQVHPEOH  OD  JULVH  NDROLQLWLTXH  HVW  PDMRULWDLUH  DYHFbb  GHV  LQGLYLGXV /ɛREVHUYDWLRQUDSLGHGHVS¤WHVODLVVHDSSDUD°WUHOHXUILQHVVHOɛLQVHUWLRQGHG«JUDLVVDQWV HWGHSDUWLFXOHVGHPLFD/DF«UDPLTXHVLOLFHXVH¢FXLVVRQU«GXFWULFHUHSU«VHQWHbb GHVLQGLYLGXV 182 /ɛDQDO\VH  GHV  ERUGV  WDEO  /,;  LQGLTXH  TXH  OH  W\SHbF  HVW  OH  SOXV  UHSU«VHQW« DYHFbbLQGLYLGXV ILJbQRVb HWSHXWSDUIRLVSUHQGUHODIRUPHGɛXQERXUUHOHW SOXVRXPRLQVSURQRQF«,OHVWVXLYLGHVEDQGHDX[WULDQJXODLUHVGHW\SHbDHWbEDYHF JRUJHLQWHUQHDVVH]SURQRQF«H ILJbQRVb DLQVLTXHGHVEDQGHDX[SURFKHVGX W\SHbD/HVW\SHVODHWbbVRQW«JDOHPHQWUHSU«VHQW«V ILJbQRVb 7RXVFHVERUGV VRQW¢DVVRFLHU¢GHVIRUPHVIHUP«HVGHW\SHROOD8QERUGGHW\SHbEHVWDVVRFL«¢XQH IRUPHRXYHUWHXQHFRXSHFDU«Q«H ILJbQRb 7RXVOHVIRQGVG«FRXYHUWVVRQWSODWV HWDVVH]«WURLWV ILJbQRVb  FIG. 192 Monboucher-sur-Jabron / Constantin : céramique du bâtiment A. 1-10, 12-17 ollae ; 11 coupe carénée ; 18, 19 fonds d’ollae. 604 FIG. 193 Monboucher-sur-Jabron / Constantin : céramique du bâtiment B, XIe s. 1-13 ouïes. TABL. LIX Montboucher-sur-Jabron / Constantin : bâtiment A. 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TABL. LX Montboucher-sur-Jabron / Constantin : bâtiment B. Répartition des bords par type et mode de cuisson, XIe s. b 607 Proposition de datation 193 /HORWSURYHQDQWGHOɛRFFXSDWLRQGXE¤WLPHQW%SRVVªGHGHVFDUDFWªUHVPRUSKRORJLTXHV PDUTX«VTXLIDFLOLWHQWOɛDUJXPHQWDWLRQ/HVERUGVHQEDQGHDXGHW\SHbFDVVRFL«V¢GHV RXOHV¢IRQGERPE«VRQWVXUWRXWSU«VHQWVGDQVGHVFRQWH[WHVGHVHQYLURQVGHOɛDQPLOOH HW  MXVTXɛDX  ;,,,H V  ,OV  SHXYHQW  ¬WUH  FRPSDU«V  ¢  FHX[  G«FRXYHUWV  ¢  6DLQW3DXO7URLV &K¤WHDX[ 5D\QDXGbD TXLVRQWGDW«VGHV;,,H;,,,HV 194 /H  W\SHbbVHXO  QH  IRXUQLW  SDV  GɛLQGLFH  FKURQRORJLTXH  WUªV  SU«FLV  FHSHQGDQW  VRQ DVVRFLDWLRQDYHFGHVFUXFKHV¢EHFSRQW«OHUDSSURFKHGɛXQYDLVVHOLHUHQXWLOLVDWLRQGªV OɛDQPLOOHHWMXVTXɛDX;,9HV 9LFDUGbb /HVDWHOLHUVGH%ROOªQHGDW«VGX ;,,H V  FRQQDLVVHQW  FHWWH  IRUPH  7KLULRW  E   /HV  S«JDXV  UHQFRQWU«V  HQ  FRQWH[WH IXQ«UDLUH  HQ  SDUWLFXOLHU  ¢  0RQWEULVRQVXUOH/H]  HW  1\RQV  VRQW  GHV  FUXFKHV  ¢  EHF SRQW«  U«XWLOLV«HV  *DJQLªUHbb  &RODUGHOOHbb     /D  FUXFKH  ¢  EHF  SLQF« TXDGULORE«HVWDVVH]SURFKHGHU«FLSLHQWVG«FRXYHUWVGDQVGHVV«SXOWXUHV %DLOO\0D°WUH b*DJQLªUHbb HWGDW«VGX;,HV 195 /HV  IRQGV  ERPE«V  HW  OHQWLFXODLUHV  FRQVWLWXHQW  «JDOHPHQW  GH  ERQV  LQGLFHV FKURQRORJLTXHVbSOXVDXQRUGOHXUDSSDULWLRQVHPEOHOL«H¢FHOOHGHVIRQGVPDUTX«V GDQVOHFRXUDQWGX ;HVHWSHUGXUHGXUDQWWRXWOH ;,HV )DXUH%RXFKDUODWb &HWWH RFFXSDWLRQQɛDOLYU«DXFXQIRQGSODW«WURLWOHTXHOHVWWUªVIU«TXHQWDXKDXW0R\HQ„JH HWVHPEOHU«DSSDUD°WUHDYHFXQIRUPDWSOXVODUJHGDQVODU«JLRQGDQVOHFRXUDQWGX;,,H VɘHQSDUWLFXOLHUVXUOHVLWHGH&KDEULOODQ6DLQW0DUWLQ/HVLWHQɛDSDVU«Y«O«GHIRQGV PDUTX«V,OHVWIRUWSUREDEOHTXɛLOVRLWVLWX«KRUVGHVFRXUDQWVGHGLIIXVLRQGHFHX[FL/D TXDVLH[FOXVLYLW«GHVSURGXFWLRQV¢S¤WHNDROLQLWLTXHQɛHVWSHXW¬WUHSDV«WUDQJªUH¢FH SK«QRPªQHbHQHIIHW¢FHMRXUDXFXQIRQGPDUTX«QɛD«W«REVHUY«VXUOHVF«UDPLTXHV JULVHVNDROLQLWLTXHV/HFRXYHUFOHQHIRXUQLWSDVGɛ«O«PHQWGHGDWDWLRQVXSSO«PHQWDLUH ,OHVWFHSHQGDQWWUªVSURFKHGHVH[HPSODLUHVFRQQXVVXUGɛDXWUHVVLWHVP«ULGLRQDX[HQ SDUWLFXOLHU  ¢  3X\JLURQ  $OFDPR  %RLVb  HW  DX  &DVWHODV  GH  &XFXURQ  )L[RW 3HOOHWLHUbb  196 7RXVOHV«O«PHQWVFRQVWLWXDQWFHORWODLVVDLHQWHQYLVDJHUXQHGDWDWLRQDX[;H;,HV&HOOH FLD«W«FRQIRUW«HSDUXQHGDWDWLRQSDUGHQGURFKURQRORJLHHIIHFWX«HVXUOHERLVGHV SRXWUDLVRQV  GX  E¤WLPHQW  TXL  GRQQH  XQH  GDWH  GɛDEDWWDJH  SRVW«ULHXUH  ¢bbHW DQW«ULHXUH¢bb DYHFU«VHUYH  b 21.4.7 Lapalud / Les Girardes (Vaucluse) Le mobilier 197 /HPRELOLHUF«UDPLTXHSURYLHQWGXUHPSOLVVDJHGɛXQIR\HU,OHVWFRQVWLWX«¢bbGH F«UDPLTXH  JULVH  NDROLQLWLTXH  &HWWH  VWUXFWXUH  FRQWHQDLW  «JDOHPHQW  GH  OD  F«UDPLTXH DQWLTXHU«VLGXHOOHOL«HDXVLWHJDOORURPDLQSURFKH 198 /HV W\SHV GH ERUGV LQYHQWRUL«V  WDEO /;, DSSDUWLHQQHQW ¢ XQ U«SHUWRLUH IDFLOHPHQW LGHQWLILDEOH/HW\SHODDSSDUWLHQW¢GHVU«FLSLHQWVQRQLGHQWLIL«V ILJbQRb /H W\SHb ILJbQRb DYHFbbLQGLYLGXHVWDVVRFL«¢XQHDQVH/HVOªYUHVbFGLWHVmb¢ FURFKHWb}  DX  QRPEUH  GHbb ILJ  b  QRVb   VRQW  «JDOHPHQW  UHSU«VHQW«HV  (OOHV DSSDUWLHQQHQW¢GHVIRUPHVIHUP«HVGHW\SHROOD¢SDURLVJOREXODLUHVHWIRQGSODW«WURLW ILJbQRVb /HVIRUPHVRXYHUWHVVRQWUHSU«VHQW«HVSDUOHW\SHbETXLFDUDFW«ULVH OHV  JREHOHWV  WURQFRQLTXHV  RX  EROV  ILJ  b  QRVb   ,O  IDXW  HQILQ  VLJQDOHU  WURLV 608 FRXYHUFOHV ILJbQRVb TXLSHXYHQW¬WUHDVVRFL«VDX[IRUPHVIHUP«HVFRPPHOHV ROODH$XFXQG«FRUQD«W«REVHUY«7RXVOHVIRQGVLQYHQWRUL«VVRQWSODWVHWDVVH]«WURLWV FIG. 195 Lapalud / Les Girardes : céramique du haut Moyen Âge, VIIe‑VIIIe s. 1 pot à anse ; 2 alla ; 3-5 gobelets ; 6-8 couvercles ; 9, 10, 19, 20 fonds d’ollae ; 11-18 ollae. TABL. 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23 tête de charnière. b Domaine cultuel 55 Croix pattée (fig. 197 : no 20) 0%& 3ORPETXDUW] 'LPb[bb[b ;,HV9LGHVDQLWDLUHVRXVOHSODQFKHUGXE¤WLPHQWGX;,HV 56 &URL[  SDWW«H  ¢  GRV  SODW  &HQWUH  GH  OD  FURL[  HQ  UHOLHI  SDU  UDSSRUW  DX[  H[WU«PLW«V DFFXHLOODQWXQTXDUW]IDFHWW«PRQW«HQVHUWLFORVVDQVGRXWHPDLQWHQXSDUFROODJH/H PDXYDLV«WDWGHODVXUIDFHQHSHUPHWGHOLUHXQG«FRUGɛLQFLVLRQTXHVXUODEUDQFKH 628 ODW«UDOHGURLWH/DEUDQFKHLQI«ULHXUHQRQSDWW«HVHSRXUVXLWSDUXQHWLJHFDVV«HVDQV GRXWHGHVWLQ«H¢OɛRULJLQH¢VɛLQV«UHUGDQVXQDXWUH«O«PHQWPDQFKHFRIIUHWHWF b Mobilier domestique 57 Bordures de récipients(objet A : fig. 197 : no 21) &60b )HU 'LP$ b[bb[b % b[bb[b & b[bb[b ;H;,,HV+RUVFRQWH[WHVWUDWLJUDSKLTXH 58 /RWGHWURLVREMHWVGLII«UHQWVPDLVLQFRPSOHWV 59 $ %RUGXUHGHSHWLWU«FLSLHQWTXDGUDQJXODLUHIRUP«SDUXQUXEDQSOXV«SDLVHQKDXW PHVXUDQWbbPPGHKDXW¢OɛRULJLQHHWSU«VHQWDQWXQHSHUIRUDWLRQFLUFXODLUHSRXUXQ ULYHWDJH % 7¶OHILQHFDVV«HTXDGUDQJXODLUHDYHFXQVHXODQJOHGURLWFRQVHUY«bOɛ«WDWGHOD VXUIDFHQHSHUPHWSDVGHOLUHXQ«YHQWXHOG«FRU3DVGHWUDFHVGHULYHWDJHYLVLEOHV & 7¶OHULJLGHIRUPDQWXQDQJOHGURLWSOXV«SDLVVHHQKDXWSHXW¬WUHXQHERUGXUHGH U«FLSLHQW 60 Charnière à goupilles(fig. 197 : no 22) &,% )HU 'LPb[bb[bbb[bb[b ;,,,HV&RPEOHPHQWGɛDEDQGRQGɛXQHIRVVHVLOR¢OɛH[W«ULHXUGXE¤WLPHQW$ 61 'HX[  JRXSLOOHV  WLJHV  GH  VHFWLRQ  TXDGUDQJXODLUH  UHFRXUE«HV  IRUPDQW  DQQHDX  ¢ H[WU«PLW«VSRLQWXHV bOHVGHX[DQQHDX[VRQWLPEULTX«VOɛXQGDQVOɛDXWUH&HVIHUUXUHV GH URWDWLRQ VRQW WUªV IU«TXHPPHQW H[KXP«HV  '«PLDQV Gɛ$UFKLPEDXGbb  HW VHPEOHQWSOXW¶WFRQYHQLU¢GXPRELOLHUTXɛ¢GHOɛKXLVVHULHGHFRQVWUXFWLRQSRXUODTXHOOH RQSULYLO«JLHUDOHVJRQGVSOXVU«VLVWDQWV 62 Tête de charnière (fig. 197 : no 23) 89 )HU 'LPb[bb[b 0«GL«YDO+RUVFRQWH[WHVWUDWLJUDSKLTXH 63 7LJHUHSOL«HSRXUIRUPHUXQDQQHDXHWGHX[H[WU«PLW«VSRLQWXHVGRQWXQHFDVV«H b Outillage 64 ,OVɛDJLWO¢GXGRPDLQHGHORLQOHSOXVLPSRUWDQWTXDQWLWDWLYHPHQWVXUOɛHQVHPEOHGHOD FROOHFWLRQP¬PHVLXQHV«OHFWLRQGUDVWLTXHD«W«HIIHFWX«HGDQVODFORXWHULH/ɛDEVHQFH GHV  PDW«ULDX[  RUJDQLTXHV  UHQG  OD  OHFWXUH  GHV  RXWLOV  GRQW  OHV  PDQFKHV  «WDLHQW J«Q«UDOHPHQW  HQ  ERLV  ɘWUªV  UDUHPHQW  HQ  RVɘ  EHDXFRXS  SOXV  GLIILFLOHb  FHV  ODFXQHV FRPSOLTXHQWQRWDPPHQWODGLVWLQFWLRQHQWUHOHVGLII«UHQWVFRXWHDX[ 629 65 /HV  DFWLYLW«V  «FRQRPLTXHV  SU«VHQWHV  DX  WUDYHUV  GHV  GLII«UHQWV  RXWLOV  VRQW  YDUL«HVb «OHYDJHWUDYDLOGHODWHUUHFXOWXUHGHODYLJQHHWGHVF«U«DOHVWLVVDJHHWILODJHWUDYDLO GXERLVHWF b • Aiguiser 66 3OXVLHXUV  JDOHWV  GH  IRUPHV  LUU«JXOLªUHV  RX  LQKDELWXHOOHV  RQW  «W«  FRQVLG«U«V  FRPPH SLHUUH¢DLJXLVHUSDUOHVIRXLOOHXUV&HSHQGDQWVHXOVFHX[TXLSU«VHQWHQWXQHXVXUHGH FRQWDFW  FDUDFW«ULV«H  YLVLEOH  ¢  OɛüLO  QX  RQW  «W«  SU«VHQW«V  GDQV  FH  FDWDORJXH  (Q UHYDQFKHFHUWDLQHVGɛHQWUHHOOHVRQWSHXW¬WUH«FKDSS«¢ODYLJLODQFHGHVIRXLOOHXUV DLQVL  TXH  GHV  SLHUUHV  XWLOLV«HV  FRPPH  OLVVRLUV  SRXU  FHUWDLQHV  DFWLYLW«V  DUWLVDQDOHV WUDYDLOGXFXLUWUDYDLOGXYHUUH WUªVGLIILFLOHV¢UHS«UHU&HVGLIILFXOW«VH[SOLTXHQW SHXW¬WUHTXHVHXOVGHX[VLWHVDLHQWOLYU«FHW\SHGɛREMHWVWUªVFRXUDQWVKDELWXHOOHPHQW QRWDPPHQWVXUGHVVLWHVUXUDX[ 67 Pierre à aiguiser (fig. 198 : no 24) $6* *DOHW 'LPb[bb¢bb[b 0«GL«YDO)RVVHG«SRWRLUVDQVPRELOLHUF«UDPLTXH 68 *DOHWWDLOO«DX[GHX[H[WU«PLW«VSU«VHQWDQWGHVWUDFHVGɛXVXUHUHFWLOLJQHVVXUXQHGHFHV VXUIDFHV 69 Pierre à aiguiser (fig. 198 : no 25) &60b *UªVb" 'LPb[bb[b ;H;,,HV&RPEOHPHQWGɛDEDQGRQGHIRVVHVLORSLULIRUPH 70 &\OLQGUHDYHFXQHH[WU«PLW«FDVV«HOɛDXWUHDUURQGLH8QHIDFHHVWSROLHSDUOɛXVXUHGXH DXIURWWHPHQWDWWHVWDQWOɛXVDJHGHFHWREMHW 71 Pierre à aiguiser (fig. 198 : no 26) &60b *UªVb" 'LPb[bb[b ;H;,,HV+RUVFRQWH[WHVWUDWLJUDSKLTXH 72 3DUDOO«O«SLSªGHO«JªUHPHQWWUDS«]R±GDODX[DU¬WHVDUURQGLHV8QHIDFHHVWSROLHSDU OɛXVXUHGXHDXIURWWHPHQWDWWHVWDQWOɛXVDJHGHFHWREMHW 630 FIG. 198 24-26 pierres à aiguiser ; 27-29 clous ; 30, 32, 36 lames et soies ; 31, 34, 35 lames ; 33 pointe de lame. b • Assembler 73 /DFORXWHULHHVWOHGRPDLQHOHSOXVUHSU«VHQW«GDQVOHPRELOLHUP«WDOOLTXHGHVVLWHVGX 7*90«GLWHUUDQ«Hb  WRXV  RQW  OLYU«  GHV  FORXV  GH  TXHOTXHV  H[HPSODLUHV  ¢  SOXVLHXUV GL]DLQHVGHSLªFHV%LHQTXHGHGLPHQVLRQVYDULDEOHVWRXVFHVFORXVVRQWFRQVWLWX«VGH WLJHV  GH  VHFWLRQ  TXDGUDQJXODLUH  HW  GH  W¬WHV  SODWHV  FDUU«HV  RX  FLUFXODLUHV  ,OV DSSDUWHQDLHQWVDQVGRXWH¢ODFRQVWUXFWLRQRX¢GHVDVVHPEODJHVGHSODQFKHVQRXVHQ FLWRQVWURLVH[HPSOHVUHODWLYHPHQWELHQFRQVHUY«V1RWRQV«JDOHPHQWTXHPDOJU«OD TXDQWLW«GHFORXVDXFXQPDUWHDXQLPDVVHWWHQɛD«W«PLVDXMRXUVXUFHVVLWHV 74 Clou (fig. 198 : no 27) 89 )HU 'LPb[b ;H;,HV$EDQGRQGXE¤WLPHQW 75 7¬WHSODWHFLUFXODLUHHWKDPSHGHVHFWLRQTXDGUDQJXODLUH 76 Clou (fig. 198 : no 28) &60b )HU 'LPb[b ;H;,,HV+RUVFRQWH[WHVWUDWLJUDSKLTXH 77 7¬WHFLUFXODLUHSODWHKDPSHGHVHFWLRQTXDGUDQJXODLUHFDVV«H 78 29. 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46 stylet ? 47, 48 gouges. b 634 • Graver, sculpter 107 Ciseau (fig. 199 : no 41) &60b )HU 'LPb[bb[b ;H;,,HV+RUVFRQWH[WHVWUDWLJUDSKLTXH 108 /HGRVHWOHWUDQFKDQWGHFHWWHODPHSU«VHQWHQWXQHFRXUEHSDUDOOªOHHWXQHH[WU«PLW« SRLQWXH/DVRLHHVWFRXUWH«WURLWHDYHFXQHVHFWLRQUHFWDQJXODLUH/DIRUPHJ«Q«UDOH HVW  WUªV  SURFKH  GH  FHOOH  GɛXQ  FLVHDX  GH7LOO\VXU6HXOOHV6DLQW9DDVWVXU6HXOOHV &DOYDGRV +DOERXWHWDObILJ  109 Burin (fig. 199 : no 42) 89 )HU 'LPb[bb[b ;H;,HV1LYHDXGɛRFFXSDWLRQGHODSLªFH& 110 7LJH  GH  VHFWLRQ  TXDGUDQJXODLUH  TXL  VɛDPHQXLVH  YHUV  XQH  GH  VHV  H[WU«PLW«V GHbb[bb¢bb[b &HW\SHHVWLQYHQWRUL«FRPPHEXULQ¢WDLOODQWSHUSHQGLFXODLUHDX PDQFKH +DOERXWHWDObILJ  111 Poinçon (fig. 199 : no 43) &60b )HU 'LP[bb[GLDP ;H;,,HV&RPEOHPHQWGHIRVVH 112 &RUSV  «SDLV  GH  VHFWLRQ  TXDGUDQJXODLUH  «Sb   UHQIO«  DYHF  XQH  H[WU«PLW«  HQ  ERXOH GLDP   b  OɛDXWUH  GH  VHFWLRQ  TXDGUDQJXODLUH  VɛDPLQFLW  MXVTXɛ¢  IRUPHU  XQH  SRLQWH &RPPHSRXUOHVFRXWHDX[ODGLVSDULWLRQGHVPDW«ULDX[RUJDQLTXHVHWGRQFGHPDQFKHV «YHQWXHOV  UHQG  WUªV  GLIILFLOH  OɛDWWULEXWLRQ  GH  OD  IRQFWLRQ  GH  SRLQ©RQ  ¢  GHV  WLJHV P«WDOOLTXHVbODSU«VHQFHGHSRLQWH¢FHUWDLQHVWLJHVQRXVFRQGXLW¢OHVSURSRVHUSRXU FHWWHIRQFWLRQ 113 Poinçon ? (fig. 198 : no 44) 0%&b )HU 'LPb[bb;,HV '«PROLWLRQGXE¤WLPHQWGX;,HV 114 )UDJPHQW  GH  SRLQWH  UHFWLOLJQH  /ɛLGHQWLILFDWLRQ  UHVWH  GRXWHXVH  OD  FDVVXUH  ODLVVDQW FRPSOªWHPHQWLQFRQQXOɛ«YHQWXHOHPPDQFKHPHQW 115 Poinçon ? (fig. 199 : no 45) &%% )HU 'LPb[bb[b ;H;,HV&RPEOHPHQWGHIRVVHGDQVOHE¤WLPHQWb 116 7LJHGHVHFWLRQFDUU«HGRQWXQHH[WU«PLW«HVWSRLQWXH,GHQWLILFDWLRQGRXWHXVH 117 Stylet ? 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(fig. 200 : no 50) $6*b2V 'LPb[bb[b ;,H;,,H6SOXW¶W;,,HV&RPEOHPHQWGɛDEDQGRQGHIRVVHVLOR 127 2EMHWQRQWHUPLQ«XQHIDFHSROLHXQHIDFHEUXWHSODWHWHIILO«SHXW¬WUHGHVWLQ«¢ IDEULTXHUXQHDLJXLOOHFRPPHOHQRb2XSHXW¬WUHVɛDJLWLOGɛXQHDO¬QH 128 Déchet de production de tabletterie(fig. 200 : no 51) $6* 2V 'LPb[bb[b ;H;,HV)RVVHG«SRWRLU 129 ‹O«PHQW  WURQFRQLTXH  DYHF  XQH  H[WU«PLW«  SRLQWXH  HW  OɛDXWUH  DUURQGLH  4XHOTXHV LQFLVLRQVLUU«JXOLªUHPHQWU«SDUWLHVSDUDLVVHQWGHVWLQ«HV¢FRPSRVHUXQG«FRUbOHKDXW 636 GHODSLªFHVHPEOHFDVV«bQRXVVRPPHVSHXW¬WUHHQSU«VHQFHGɛXQH«EDXFKHGHVW\OHW RXGɛXQHDOªQHSRXUOHWLVVDJH FIG. 200 49 déchet de fabrication ; 50, 51 déchets de production de tabletterie ? 52 sonnaille ; 53 forces ; 54, 55 esses ; 56 élément de suspension ; 57 fragment de crémaillère ? b • S’occuper des animaux 130 1RXVSU«VHQWRQVLFLOɛ«O«PHQWOHSOXVFRPSOHWSDUPLOHVWURLVVRQQDLOOHVGHODFROOHFWLRQ 131 Sonnaille (fig. 200 : no 52) 0%& )HU 'LPb[bb[b ;,HV&RPEOHPHQWGɛXQHIRVVH 132 &ORFKH  HQ  GHX[  IUDJPHQWV  PDLV  TXDVL  FRPSOªWH  GH  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(fig. 204 : no 94) &%% )HU 'LPb[bb[b ;H;,HV6ROGɛRFFXSDWLRQGXE¤WLPHQWb 223 5XEDQ¢GHX[HUJRWVGHbbFPGHORQJHQYLURQGLVWDQWVGHbbFP 224 Fiche de scellement ?(fig. 204 : no 95) &%% )HU 'LPb[bb[b ;H;,HV&RPEOHPHQWGɛXQIRVV«GɛDVVDLQLVVHPHQW 225 5XEDQFRXG«GRQWXQHH[WU«PLW«HVWPDUWHO«HSRXUIRUPHUXQHSRLQWH 226 Racloir ou étrille(fig. 204 : no 96) &60b )HU 'LP/b, ;H;,,HV+RUVFRQWH[WHVWUDWLJUDSKLTXH 227 7LJHGHVHFWLRQTXDGUDQJXODLUHVɛ«YDVDQWHWIRUPDQWXQDQJOHGURLWDYHFXQHODPHTXDVL WULDQJXODLUH¢WUDQFKDQWDUURQGL ODPHbb[b 1RXVVRPPHVSHXW¬WUHHQSU«VHQFH GɛXQRXWLOGHW\SHUDFORLUSRXUOHWUDYDLOGHVSHDX[ɘOHPDQFKHHQPDW«ULDXRUJDQLTXH DXUDLWDORUVGLVSDUXɘRXELHQGɛXQH«WULOOHVHUYDQW¢QHWWR\HUODUREHGHVFKHYDX[ &UD 648 9DOERQQHbb 'DQVOH*DUGOHVERXODQJHUVXWLOLVDLHQWDXG«EXWGXVLªFOHGHV RXWLOVGHIRUPHHWGHWDLOOHDQDORJXHVSRXUFXUHUOHXUS«WULQ VRXUFHRUDOH  228 Plaque décorative(fig. 205 : no 97) &%% )HUEURQ]H 'LPb[bb[ ;H;,HV&RPEOHPHQWGɛXQHIRVVHGɛH[WUDFWLRQ PDW«ULHOF«UDPLTXH9,H,;HV 229 3ODTXH  GH  IHU  UHFWDQJXODLUH  SHUF«H  GDQV  OHV  TXDWUH  DQJOHV  GH  WURXV  GDQV  OHVTXHOV SDVVHQWGHSHWLWVULYHWVHQEURQ]H/ɛR[\GDWLRQGHOɛREMHWQHSHUPHWSDVGɛREVHUYHUXQ «YHQWXHOG«FRU8VDJHH[DFWLQG«WHUPLQ«bG«FRUGHFHLQWXUHGHSHWLWPRELOLHUb" 230 Applique décorée (fig. 205 : no 98) &%% %URQ]H 'LPb[bb[b 9,,H9,,,HV'«PROLWLRQGɛXQE¤WLPHQW 231 )UDJPHQWGHSODTXHUHFWDQJXODLUHGRQWXQHIDFHHVWRUQ«HGHG«FRUVGHW\SHIORUDO 6ɛDJLWLOGɛXQG«FRUGHY¬WHPHQWRXGHFHLQWXUHb" 232 Plaque avec charnière(fig. 205 : no 99) &,% %URQ]H 'LPb[bb[b ;,,,H;,9HV1LYHDXGHFRXUGXE¤WLPHQW% 233 3ODTXHFKDUQLªUHDYHFFLQTSHUIRUDWLRQV GLDP GRQWXQHDYHFXQIUDJPHQWGHULYHW 6ɛDJLWLOGɛXQ«O«PHQWGHSHWLWPRELOLHURXGHFHLQWXUHb"3DVGHG«FRUDSSDUHQW 234 Applique décorative(fig. 205 : no 100) &60b %URQ]H 'LPb[bb[b ;,H;,,HV+RUVFRQWH[WHVWUDWLJUDSKLTXH 235 2EMHWLQFRPSOHW$SSOLTXHIRUP«HSDUXQFDUWRXFKHTXDGUDQJXODLUHDVVRFL«¢XQGLVTXH SHUIRU«  FRQWHQDQW  XQ  ULYHW  /ɛDXWUH  H[WU«PLW«  HVW  FDVV«H  '«FRU  GH  FRIIUHW  RX  GH Y¬WHPHQWb" 236 Plaque décorée avec charnière(fig. 205 : no 101) &,% %URQ]H 'LPb[bb[b ;,,H;,,,HV5HPEODLGɛDP«QDJHPHQW 237 3ODTXHUHFWDQJXODLUHSU«VHQWDQWGHX[SHUIRUDWLRQVGDQVOHVDQJOHVGɛXQORQJF¶W«HWXQH FKDUQLªUHVXUOɛDXWUHORQJF¶W«REWHQXHSDUHQURXOHPHQWGHODW¶OH/HG«FRUVXUXQH IDFHHVWREWHQXSDUGHVLQFLVLRQVLUU«JXOLªUHVVXUOHSRXUWRXUIRUPDQWXQFDGUH¢XQ G«FRU«PDLOO«¢GRPLQDQWHYHUWEOHX'HX[WULDQJOHVGɛ«PDLOURXJHVRPEUHHQFKHY¬WU«V FU«HQWVL[VXEGLYLVLRQVWULDQJXODLUHVHWXQHVHSWLªPHORVDQJLTXHDXFHQWUH'HVFURL[ JURVVLªUHV  UHPSOLHV  Gɛ«PDLO  YHUWEOHX  OHV  G«FRUHQW  /HV  GHX[  SHUIRUDWLRQV  VRQW HQWRXU«HVSDUXQFHUFOHGHGRUXUH&HWUªVEHOREMHWG«FRUDLWVDQVGRXWHXQHFHLQWXUHRX XQSHWLW«O«PHQWGHPRELOLHU 649 238 Ardillon ? (fig. 205 : no 102) &60b %URQ]H 'LPb[b ;,H;,,HV+RUVFRQWH[WHVWUDWLJUDSKLTXH 239 7LJHSRLQWXHGHVHFWLRQFLUFXODLUHVRPP«HSDUGHX[DQQHDX[bDUGLOORQb" 240 Plaque décorée arrondie(fig. 205 : no 103) &,% %URQ]H 'LPb[bb[b ;,,,HV&RPEOHPHQWGɛDEDQGRQGHIRVVHVLOR¢OɛH[W«ULHXUGXE¤WLPHQW% 241 3ODTXHGHIRUPHGHPLWURQFRQLTXH¢G«FRUGHFXSXOHV0DOJU«VDIRUPH«YRFDWULFHLO QHVɛDJLWSDVGɛXQG«¢FRXGUHSXLVTXHOHVERUGVGHFHWWHSLªFHVRQWmbILQLVb}HWQRQSDV FDVV«V)RQFWLRQLQFRQQXH 242 Fibule ? 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