Botanica sistematica

Сохранение
биоразнообразия, инвентаризация биологических объектов, изучение редких
и исчезающих видов в настоящее время по всему миру имеют важное
значение. Сосудистые растения являются одним из самых распространенных
на Земном шаре и наиболее удобным объектом ботанических исследований.
«В мировой флоре зафиксированы более 340 тыс. видов растений. 280 тыс. из
них являются цветковыми и всего лишь 30% обработаны систематически и
имеются данные о состоянии природных популяций. При этом следует
отметить, что флористика как наука имеет большое значение для оценки
трансформации природных ландшафтов под воздействием антропогенных и
естественных факторов и располагает огромным массивом первичной
информации для дальнейшего анализа»1.
В Узбекистане определение состава природной флоры на основе
современных методов исследования, оценка состояния растительного
покрова, сохранение и устойчивое использование занимает особое место
среди приоритетных направлений сохранения биоразнообразия. На данном
этапе интенсивного развития флористических исследований и накопления
большого массива новых данных важное значение имеет внедрение
системных исследований с целью сохранения биоразнообразия. В связи с
этим актуально усовершенствование флористических исследований и
проведение в районах высокой антропогенной нарушенност

In order to quantify values of the plant diversity in the province of Taza (N of Morocco), as approach of the environmental economy, an investigation and land prospecting raised real direct values of the local flora. The flora identified in the study area counts 140 species, corresponding to 55 botanical families and represent 3.11% of the national specific richness. The spontaneous species such Capparis spinosa, Muscaria comosum, Ziziphus spp. and Origanum spp. constitute a source of particular income for rural women and children. They occupy the local population for varying periods of the annual growing season: 17.3±7.76 days/year (Origanum compactum), 17.5±5.00 d/year (Muscari comosum) and 54.0±18.1 d/year (Macrochloa tenacissima). For the cultivated species, the plots are small and located in mountainous areas, and the arboreal species, Prunus dulcis and Olea europaea, provide more incomes, with respectively 1,825 ±2,142 and 3,788 ±2,602 dirham (MAD)/fellah (farmer). In addition to local uses of the species inventoried, we recorded important national and international traffics of the plant biomass harvested. The direct services provided by these resources, besides their indirect functional values, argue for the local flora conservation.

The authors of this edition propose a novel and inspiring research approach to the subject of plants, which – being a form of life that is different, yet akin to us – is a constant source of nourishment and metaphors, decoration and obsessions. The articles included in this thematic block on plants enter into lively ongoing debates on genetics, feminism, ecology and plant ontology. They are excellent examples of the fact that in Polish philosophical and cultural reflection there was an understanding very early on of the challenges that posthumanism poses to our anthropocentric intellectual habits. Foreign readers will recognize in these Polish reflections a bold willingness to ask ethical and aesthetic questions of great relevance to the modern world that go far beyond the safe, though most likely imagined, limits of what it is to be human.

Este trabalho representa a primeira contribuição de ampla abrangência para o conhecimento da flora pteridofítica da Caatinga. Nove mil quilômetros de estradas foram percorridos com o objetivo de coletar e observar as espécies de pteridófitas da região semi-árida no Nordeste do Brasil e norte do Estado de Minas Gerais. Também foram registradas as espécies ocorrentes na Caatinga depositadas nos principais herbários da região. No total 12 famílias, 20 gêneros e 37 espécies foram inventariadas: Acrostichum danaeifolium Langsd. & Fisch., Adiantum deflectens Mart., Anemia ferruginea Kunth, Anemia filiformis (Sav.) Sw., Anemia hirsuta (L.) Sw., Anemia mirabilis Brade, Anemia oblongifolia (Cav.) Sw., Anemia pastinacaria Moritz ex Prantl, Anemia tomentosa (Sav.) Sw., Azolla caroliniana Willd., Azolla filiculoides Lam., Azolla microphylla Kaulf., Blechnum serrulatum Rich., Cheilanthes eriophora (Fée) Mett., Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Underw., Doryopteris concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) Kuhn, Doryopteris ornithopus (Mett.) J. Sm., Hemionitis tomentosa (Lam.) Raddi, Isoetes luetzelburgii Weber ex Luetzelburg, Marsilea ancylopoda A. Braun, Marsilea deflexa A. Braun, Marsilea minuta L., Marsilea polycarpa Hook. & Grev., Ophioglossum nudicaule L. f., Phlebodium decumanum (Willd.) J. Sm., Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link, Pleopeltis macrocarpa (Bory ex Willd.) Kaulf., Polypodium polypodioides (L.) Watt, Polypodium triseriale Sw., Salvinia auriculata Aubl., Salvinia minima Baker, Salvinia oblongifolia Mart., Selaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring, Selaginella erythropus (Mart.) Spring, Selaginella sellowii Hieron., Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) K. Iwats. e Trachypteris pinnata (Hook. f.) C. Chr.. Foram registradas 31 novas referências para vários Estados da região. Uma lista anotada das espécies com a distribuição geográfica, ilustrações de algumas espécies e mapas de distribuição de cada táxon na Caatinga são apresentados no primeiro manuscrito. No segundo manuscrito são discutidos aspectos ecológicos, categorias de ocorrência, grau de ameaça e importância econômica das espécies ocorrentes na Caatinga e suas relações florísticas com a Floresta Atlântica, Cerrado, Floresta Amazônica e Chaco. Também foi gerado um dendrograma de similaridade das 24 zonas amostrais apontadas para a Caatinga. No terceiro manuscrito foram estabelecidos os padrões de distribuição geográfica da pteridoflora da Caatinga, onde foram reconhecidos cinco padrões locais: amplo, moderadamente amplo, restrito, muito restrito e disjunto. As espécies também foram classificadas quanto aos padrões globais: cosmopolita, pantropical, neotropical, restrita à América do Sul e endêmica do Brasil. Os padrões foram ainda relacionados às províncias fitogeográficas que bordejam a Caatinga. Os dados apresentados evidenciam uma flora de expressiva amplitude geográfica e plasticidade ambiental, provavelmente oriunda de florestas tropicais úmidas. Apesar da maioria das espécies registradas serem amplamente distribuídas no Brasil, a alta representatividade de espécies aquáticas e o baixo índice de espécies epífitas, entre outras características, evidenciam uma identidade própria da flora pteridofítica ocorrente na Caatinga.

De las 16000 especies vegetales con que cuenta el Ecuador muy pocas
se utilizan como alimento u ornamentales. En el Ecuador existen registros
sobre las siguientes especies: Fuchsia ampliata, F. andreii, F. campii, F.
cinerea, F. corollata, F. dependens, F. glaberrima, F. loxensis, F.
macrostigma, F. orientalis, F. polyantha, F. sessilifolia, F. sherffiena, F.
sylvatica, F. vulcanica, F. steyermakii, F. steyermakii x sherfiana y F.
pilaloensis. En la propagación por estacas hay que tomar en cuenta los
requerimientos eco-fisiológicos como luz, altura y humedad constante en
el suelo. Las especies de Fuchsia están claramente adaptadas a fuertes
condiciones mésicas, toleran bajas condiciones de luz por mucho tiempo y
frecuentemente forman las raíces cuando los niveles de luz mejoran. Las
estacas se cortan de 15 a 20 cm teniendo el cuidado que contengan
yemas jóvenes. Se pueden sembrar horizontalmente de manera que de
una estaca saldrá más de un brote, luego se envuelve en una funda que a
su vez se enrolla en papel húmedo y se coloca en el refrigerador durante
24 horas para inducir las yemas. Seguidamente se siembran en sustrato
con humus y buen drenaje, conservando siempre una humedad relativa
alta (90%) hasta que las yemas prendan; después de esto es posible
disminuir la humedad progresivamente. En el término de 10 semanas las
estacas estarán listas para transplantar. Si el contenido de humedad es
bueno habrá un mejor rendimiento en cuanto a la viabilidad de las estacas
con yemas. En nuestro ensayo los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en
Fuchsia ampliata con más del 70% de estacas, con yemas que regeneraron un nuevo individuo.

El herbario de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (CHEP) ha creado colecciones de referencia tanto de flora en respuesta a la necesidad de tener información de la biodiversidad del país y que estén accesibles al público; hasta la actualidad se encuentran 17500 muestras de las cuales 7200 son de las Provincias de Bolívar, Chimborazo, Pastaza y Tungurahua; del total de muestras
Este trabajo de investigación se realizará con el objetivo de preparar y efectuar el montaje de los especímenes botánicos correspondiente a las colecciones de los realizadas por los estudiantes de la Facultad de Recursos Naturales durante el año 2010 con el fin de contribuir a incrementar los registros botánicos en el Herbario Institucional.

pakah daun jambu biji dan daging buah putih jambu biji memiliki efek untuk antidiare jika dibandingkan dengan daging buah jambu biji yang berwarna merah dan Dalam penelitian ini efektivitas ekstrak daun jambu biji daging buah putih dibandingkan dengan yang berwarna merah sebagai antidiare, berdasarkan aktivitas antimikroba, konsistensi feses, berat feses, waktu diare, dan uji waktu lintas usus.

Context: In Paraguay, Dorstenia brasiliensis Lam. (Moraceae), “taropé” is a species used for medicinal purposes, some authors consider it a polymorphic species according to the environment in which it is developed.

Aim: To determine the morphoanatomy of D. brasiliensis Lam., used for medicinal purposes in Paraguay.

Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The samples were collected from three locations: from Itá Azul, Colonia Independencia; the Market of San Lorenzo and from the Acclimatization Garden of the Facultad de Ciencias Químicas of the Universidad Nacional de Asunción.

Results: The following diagnostic characters were determined: rhizome with very marked short internodes, rough leaf to the touch, flowers in bisexual inflorescences, globose and verrucous seeds in the surface. Stomata restricted to the lower epidermis and in both epidermis at different times of collection; glandular hair with unicellular base and bicellular head in petiole, both epidermis of the lamina and in the central rib; short, globose, unicellular eglandular hair in lower epidermis of the lamina; long unicellular eglandular hairs, some erect and others with apex in pronounced curvature, both in lower lamina epidermis, in midrib and petiole. The dried and pulverized drug has dark green color with a marked characteristic aroma of this species.

Conclusions: The morphoanatomical characteristics of the D. brasiliensis samples from the three collection sites were determined, coinciding the results between them and constituting elements of diagnosis, for the correct identification and quality control of this plant drug.

A new classification and linear sequence of the gymnosperms based on previous molecular and morphological
phylogenetic and other studies is presented. Currently accepted genera are listed for each family and arranged according
to their (probable) phylogenetic position. A full synonymy is provided, and types are listed for accepted genera. An index
to genera assists in easy access to synonymy and family placement of genera.

Two late fl owering specimens from the Ophrys incubacea group were observed, the fi rst specimen on 11th May
2016 and the second on 19th May 2016 on limestone in the area of Veli Badin above Sočerga, SW Slovenia. Floral
macro-morphological characteristics were as follows: very lax infl orescence with small fl owers, dark reddish-brown,
horizontally aligned lip. The lip was slightly convex, without basal swellings, and with hairless, orange-brown border
of the lip (rim) curved upwards. Stigmatic cavity was concolourous with the lip, higher than broader, strongly constricted at the base. Speculum was glossy, dark bluish, edged whitish, π shaped, not branched. Due to the macro-morphological characteristics and late beginning of fl owering phase, two specimens were determined as Ophrys illyrica S.Hertel & S.Hertel (Orchidaceae), a new bee orchid species in the Slovenian flora.

Abstract. A revision of the Mexican species of the genus Cohniella is presented. Each species is fully described and illustrated. Furthermore, species entries include specimen citation, discussion of diagnostic features and biogeography. A key to the Mexican species of Cohniella is presented. Two new species, Cohniella leptotifolia Cetzal & Carnevali and Cohniella yucatanensis Cetzal & Carnevali, are proposed. Cohniella brachyphylla (Lindl.) Cetzal & Carnevali is morphologically and distributionally recircumscribed. Finally, as part of our ongoing studies in this genus, a non-Mexican species related to C. ascendens, Cohniella teres, is synonymized under Oncidium helicanthum Kranzl. for which the combination Cohniella helicantha (Kranzl.) Cetzal & Carnevali is newly proposed. We provide a key to three closely related, easily confused species, C. aguirrei, C. ascendens, and C. helicantha.

Annona L. es uno de los seis géneros de la familia Annonaceae que podemos encontrar en el área que comprende la Península de Yucatán. El género cuenta con más de 200 especies que se distribuyen el Neotrópico y África tropical. El nombre del género proviene de “anón”, nombre indígena que hace referencia a un árbol de las Antillas Mayores.

The species richness of Peruvian Rainforest is immense considering the great diversity of microclimates and land surfaces; this makes the central forest of our country an interesting and particular place. That is the case of the Central Forest in Oxapampa (Peru), located in the eastern slopes of the Andes. The Missouri Botanical Garden-Perú possesses samples collected since 2004 and currently 35 000 botanical specimens have been deposited in the Herbario de la Selva Central - HOXA (Herbarium of Central Forest-HOXA). For the present study, a taxonomical review was performed for the Myristicaceae family; consequently 550 specimens were distinguished, determined and identified in 4 genera and 14 species. The most important species found include Compsoneura, Iryanthera, Otoba and Virola. Among other aspects, it is central to point out that the largest geographical distribution of the family Myristicaceae was found in lowland Amazonian forests. However, this study collected species from transitional forests; such is the case of Compsoneura sprucei, which also comprise a new species for the department of Pasco in Peru.

La familia Apocynaceae s.l. se ubica entre las 15 familias más diversas de México, con 385 especies repartidas
en 50 géneros y 3 subfamilias, de las cuales Asclepiadoideae es la de mayor diversidad en géneros, especies y endemismos.
Los géneros con más especies nativas (y endémicas) son Asclepias y Matelea. Los estados más ricos en diversidad de
taxones son los ubicados en ambas vertientes; destacan Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca y Veracruz. Por su número de especies,
sobresalen el bosque tropical caducifolio y los matorrales xerófi los. Del total de especies, 176 son endémicas de México.
Se presenta la lista de especies registradas, señalándose su distribución por estados.

The State of Rondônia is rich in species of Catasetum that are still undervalued, which presents a major challenge in the preparation of a map that shows the distribution and all occurrences of the species of the genus. As a result of our studies, four new records are presented for the State of Rondônia and a new natural hybrid is described and illustrated.
Samples of all species were collected for DNA extraction (aliquots kept in the Total DNA Bank of Plants UFPR – UPCB-DNA) and vouchers deposited at the herbaria UFMT and the RB.

A putative natural hybrid between Cohniella ascendens and C. brachyphylla (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae) from western
Costa Rica, C. ×francoi, is herein newly described, illustrated and characterized based upon both morphological and
anatomical characters. This taxon hybrid is most similar to C. ascendens but the flowers show intermediate characters
between the putative parents. Cohniella ×francoi is similar to C. ascendens in its semipendulous inflorescences, callus
shape, cylindrical column base with linear oblong wings, and obovate stigmatic cavity plus several anatomical
characters. On the other hand, it is similar to C. brachyphylla in the oblong to subquadrate lateral lobes of the labellum
that are in the same plane as the central lobe, and the rectangular disc of the labellum with a lateral extension of the callus
in the margins. A table of diagnostic characters for the new hybrid and its putative parents, a comparative figure, and a
map showing their geographical distributions are also provided.

""Deonymic markers in Aldrovandian naturalistic nomenclature.
This work examines the process of the formation, organization, and standardization of naturalistic terminologies in rhe 16rh century. After giving some terminological and methodological specifications, we analyze Aldrovandi's annotations to identif}y, on the basis of linguistic criteria, the role and the development of eponyms as indicators at species level in zoological and botanica] binomial nomenclature in the work ofUlisse Aldrovandi."

"Il lavoro intende seguire il processo di formazione, strutturazione e fissazione nel Cinquecento delle terminologie naturalistiche. Dopo alcune precisazioni terminologiche e metodologiche si esaminano le notazioni aldrovandiane per individuare, in base a criteri linguistici, sviluppo e ruolo dei deonimi quali indicatori fito- e zoonimici di specie della nomenclatura naturalistica binomia di Ulisse Aldrovandi

""

Abstract. A revision of the Mexican species of the genus Cohniella is presented. Each species is fully described and illustrated. Furthermore, species entries include specimen citation, discussion of diagnostic features and biogeography. A key to the Mexican species of Cohniella is presented. Two new species, Cohniella leptotifolia Cetzal & Carnevali and Cohniella yucatanensis Cetzal & Carnevali, are proposed. Cohniella brachyphylla (Lindl.) Cetzal & Carnevali is morphologically and distributionally recircumscribed. Finally, as part of our ongoing studies in this genus, a non-Mexican species related to C. ascendens, Cohniella teres, is synonymized under Oncidium helicanthum Kranzl. for which the combination Cohniella helicantha (Kranzl.) Cetzal & Carnevali is newly proposed. We provide a key to three closely related, easily confused species, C. aguirrei, C. ascendens, and C. helicantha.

A new species of Catasetum has been found along the banks of the River Teles Pires, in the Southern region of the Brazilian
Amazon. In the present study it is described and illustrated, and has its conservation status discussed. The species presents
unique features and stands out among others found in the same region, and can be compared partially to C. mattosianum.

proposed three similarly constructed fossil generic spore names with the first word base, Laevigat-, attached to the uniform ending-sporites giving the three generic names: Laevigata-sporites, Laevigati-sporites and Laevigato-sporites. The names were proposed as part of Ibrahim's original morphographic classification of fossil spores, in which the stem base (first element) of the generic name with different and varying endings (e.g.,-a- ,-es- ,-i-, or-o-) is attached to the uniform ending-sporites; the particular ending of the stem base, coming in the middle of the name, being an important key to the taxonomic position of the spore genus in his suprageneric artificial, morphographical groupings (Aletes [-a-], Monoletes [-o-] and Triletes [-i-and-es-], vide Ibrahim, l.c.: 15–16). As a result, several sets of nearly similar generic names were produced (The International Fossil Plant Names Index, 2014–onwards [http:// fossilplants.info/about]):

Los bosques siempreverdes montanos bajos  alcanzan los 20 – 30 m de altura, es siempre verde y muy denso, con tres estratos difíciles de separar. Está formación se ubica entre 1300 m.s.n.m y 1700 m.s.n.m. Cedrela odorata (Meliaceae) aparece a menudo como un árbol emergente mientras que Dictyocarium lamarckianum (Arecaceae) es la especie de mayor presencia. El presente estudio se desarrolló en la provincia de Tungurahua, cantón Baños, parroquia Río Negro, sector El Placer,  a una altitud de 1800 m. en las coordenadas 01º27’S, 78º14´W. El trabajo de campo se realizó los días 18 y 19 de enero del 2008. Se realizaron 5 transectos de 50x4m. Dando un área total de 1000m². Se tomó el DAP y la altura de las especies mayores de 5 cm, se clasificó en 4 categorías diamétricas para analizar la estructura del bosque. Se colectaron especímenes de la mayoría de los individuos marcados. Los 116 individuos de 5 cm o más de DAP,  corresponden a 33 especies, 19 Géneros y 17 Familias, 19 especies solo comparten 1 individuo pero muchas de éstas ocurren en lugares alterados. La especies más abundante son: Croton palanostigma Benth, con 18 individuos. De acuerdo al Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI), la especie más dominante es Croton palanostigma Benth (IVI= 26.78). Como es un estudio nuevo documentado, todas las especies dominantes son nuevos registros para esta zona.  El área basal total fue de 1.66 m² en 0.1m²., la especie con mayor Área basal fue Croton palanostigma Benth,  con 0.67 m². En el estudio apreciamos una distribución de tallos jóvenes mayor a los tallos viejos, en este caso por las especies encontradas como es el caso de Croton palanostigma  y C.lechleri principalmente que además se encuentran en bosques secundarios. Según su composición florística y su distribución diamétrico presumimos que es un bosque secundario.

Eight species of simple-leaved Sorbus L. (Maloideae, Rosaceae) have been attributed to the flora of Hubei Province, China. In proposing a new species, Spongberg takes great pleasure naming it in honor of Professor Te-tsun Yu, former director of the Beijing Botanical Garden and Vice Director of the Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, foremost student of Asiatic Sorbus and primary advocate of renewed and continued cooperation between Chinese and American botanists.

The study about material contained in Barringtonia seeds were conducted for the first time using the standard procedure of AOAC. For present work, two species of Barringtonia were selected viz., B. acutangula and B. racemosa, which are distributed along the west coast of Maharashtra. The proximate composition and mineral constituents of Barringtonia seeds were evaluated. The B. acutangula seeds contained ash 4.24%, crude protein 9.23%, crude lipids 0.68%, crude fibre 13.54% and carbohydrates 66.17%. While in seeds of B. racemosa, ash 4.02%, crude protein 12.09%, crude lipids 0.75%, crude fibre 15.18% and carbohydrates 64.67% were observed. Both the species have a high energy value on dry basis. Comparing the mineral content with recommended dietary allowances (RDA), the results indicated that seeds of B. Acutangula fruits couldbe a good supplement for some nutrients such as calcium, fibre and carbohydrates, whereas the B. Racemosa seeds could be a good supplement for some nutrients such as fibre, potassium, zinc and carbohydrates. The seeds of Barringtonia could be promoted as a carbohydrate supplement. Hence, this piece of work claims the potential of Barringtonia species indicating its proximate and mineral composition.

In order to quantify values of the plant diversity in the province of Taza (N of Morocco), as approach of the environmental economy, an investigation and land prospecting raised real direct values of the local flora. The flora identified in the study area counts 140 species, corresponding to 55 botanical families and represent 3.11% of the national specific richness. The spontaneous species such Capparis spinosa, Muscaria comosum, Ziziphus spp. and Origanum spp. constitute a source of particular income for rural women and children. They occupy the local population for varying periods of the annual growing season: 17.3±7.76 days/year (Origanum compactum), 17.5±5.00 d/year (Muscari comosum) and 54.0±18.1 d/year (Macrochloa tenacissima). For the cultivated species, the plots are small and located in mountainous areas, and the arboreal species, Prunus dulcis and Olea europaea, provide more incomes, with respectively 1,825 ±2,142 and 3,788 ±2,602 dirham (MAD)/fellah (farmer). In addition...

Los bosques siempreverdes montanos bajos alcanzan los 20 – 30 m de altura, es siempre verde y muy denso, con tres estratos difíciles de separar. Está formación se ubica entre 1300 m.s.n.m y 1700 m.s.n.m. Cedrela odorata (Meliaceae) aparece a menudo como un árbol emergente mientras que Dictyocarium lamarckianum (Arecaceae) es la especie de mayor presencia. El presente estudio se desarrolló en la provincia de Tungurahua, cantón Baños, parroquia Río Negro, sector El Placer, a una altitud de 1800 m. en las coordenadas 01º27’S, 78º14´W. El trabajo de campo se realizó los días 18 y 19 de enero del 2008. Se realizaron 5 transectos de 50x4m. Dando un área total de 1000m². Se tomó el DAP y la altura de las especies mayores de 5 cm, se clasificó en 4 categorías diamétricas para analizar la estructura del bosque. Se colectaron especímenes de la mayoría de los individuos marcados. Los 116 individuos de 5 cm o más de DAP, corresponden a 33 especies, 19 Géneros y 17 Familias, 19 especies solo com...

A new population of Ipomoea macedoi, a critically endangered species from Brazil, was found in Chapada do Apodi (Rio Grande do Norte State). The species is recognized by its large, distinctly cordate outer sepals. A detailed description, comments on its distribution and conservation, a taxonomic comparison, photographs and a line drawing are provided. Resumo Uma nova população de Ipomoea macedoi, espécie brasileira criticamente em perigo, foi encontrada na Chapada do Apodi (estado do Rio Grande do Norte). A espécie é reconhecida pelas amplas e distintas sépalas externas cordiformes. Descrição detalhada, comentários sobre distribuição e conservação, comparação taxonômica, fotografias e ilustração, são fornecidos.