Bridge

The purpose of this research is to evaluate and compare the relative merits of the two coating systems for reinforcing bars in concrete. A review is given of the nature and characteristics of both epoxy coated and galvanized steel for use as reinforcement in concrete. Also presented is an overview of the results from recent experimental work on the comparative corrosion behavior of uncoated black steel, epoxy coated steel, and galvanized steel in concrete.

A new identification methodology for dynamic axle loads using the superposition principle and influence surface concept was proposed in the companion paper, in which the effects of various factors such as bridge inertia force, measurement station, vehicle speed, traveling route, number of vehicles, road surface condition, and noise level were investigated through numerical simulations. In this study the proposed methodology is applied to identify the axle loads of a test truck traveling across an existing bridge. The axle load time-histories are obtained and compared to the static axle loads of the test truck. The results show that the identified dynamic axle loads are fluctuating around their static counterparts. The dynamic impact factor and load amplification factor for the axle loads under different vehicle speeds and road surface conditions are also studied. Being able to identify the real dynamic axle loads, the methodology can be applied to improve the current bridge-weigh-in...

The paper presents the new bridge over the river Acheloos in Greece. The position of the bridge poses several construction and design challenges, mostly due to the soil characteristics at the foundation, the increased seismicity of the region and the high flow of the river. The project involves the construction of a small balanced cantilever bridge with three spans of length 47.5m – 80m – 47.5m. The main innovation in the structure is that the deck is supported exclusively on high damping rubber bearings, a technique not commonly encountered in such bridges. The selection of this structural system was a result of the poor geotechnical / foundation conditions, which differed considerably among the piers, as well as their low height. This led to the design of special deck stabilizing systems for the various construction stages. The design included application of the principles of earthquake engineering, an advanced construction schedule and a displacement monitoring procedure. Informa...

Bridges are very important and costly structures lot of birr is spending for the construction hence hydrological investigations are highly recommended for the proper design and durability of bridge. The proposed study area is located at main Degan Town with Rassa Keble and Argoba Woreda Chelka river Ethiopia.The main objective of this study is to carry out hydrological and hydraulics investigations of the Chelka river, to determine its different return floods values in order to find the proposed bridge opening to provide bridge design parameters such as size and location of the bridge and exploring details like geomorphology, soil and land use or land cover, analysis of rainfall intensity. The mean annual rainfall ranges between 400mm-799mm. The mean annual moderate warm temperature is 120oc to 350oc, altitude from 1300-3000m. HEC-RAS (Version-4) software model has been used for determination of proposed bridge layout and the water surface profile. The hydrologic and hydraulic analysis of Catchments delineation is done by GIS Environment by using GIS Software’s like Arc View

Tianjin Yonghe Bridge is one of the important infrastructures in China where it serves as the crucial links in the transport network. Monitoring and maintenance of this bridge are essential tasks in prolonging its life. In this paper, GPS system was used for deformation data collection. Two analytical methods namely; Kalman Filter (KF) and Parametric Least Square (PLS) were used for the adjustment of these data. The analysis of test results indicate that: (1) the traffic loads are the main factor affects bridge damage, (2) after ten months of traffic opening, the south tower of bridge was returned to its original case, and (3) the maximum deformation was pronounced 48.2 m far from the beginning abutment after six months of bridge opening.

This research study analyzes the several positions in a box girder bridge where the pre-stressed tendons can be added. By keeping a constant loading and varying the positions the of the tendons, a comparative study has been done so as to understand the most effective positions of these pre-stressed tendons. For the analysis, SAP 2000 software has been used and the study has been done on the basic AASHTO type section of the box girder bridge. Two equal spans of the bridge with a two lane deck have been studied and the loading has been considered of moving type vehicles. The stress contours and deflections of the bridge deck have been observed so as to compare the results.

The maintenance of highway infrastructure requires major expenditure in many countries. By minimizing the repair or replacement of highway bridges in particular, this cost can be reduced significantly. Of the two bridge assessment components, loading is more difficult to estimate than strength, due to its more variable nature. Consequently, bridge traffic loading has been an area of intensive research in

The analysis as well as design of T-beam bridge super structure is presented herein with detailed discussion on various methods and results obtained. Also reliability based parameters are discussed along with probability factor for failure for the design of bridges using Limit state method

This paper is the continuation of the previous paper i.e. "Analysis and Design of T-beam Super Structure using Limit State Method" where in depth  analysis as well as design is carried out for piers, abutments for both water load and soil load along with dead load and moving load of vehicles. Also foundation design in form of Pile footing as well as supporting pile cap is done though piles are designed uneconomically. Experts may correct the foundation design wherever necessary. The soil report can be found from the very first upload i.e. T-beam bridge super structure.Thank you.

Megaproject Planning and Management: Essential Readings contains the seminal articles from the growing body of research on megaproject planning and management along with an original introduction by the editor, Bent Flyvbjerg. The leading and most cited authority in the field, Flyvbjerg has used crowdsourcing and 25 years of experience to cherry-pick from several hundred articles and books the writings that define the field. This volume will be an indispensable source for those wishing to speak with authority about how megaprojects are prepared, delivered, and fought over. The target audience is students, academics, practitioners, and media pundits alike, as well as communities affected by megaprojects.

To assess human-induced response of footbridges and, if necessary, design the suppression systems such as tuned-mass dampers, it is vital to have reliable estimates of modal mass for lively vibration modes. Traditional experimental methods for estimating modal mass of existing footbridges require measurement of frequency response functions, implying direct measurement of controllable excitation. This requires expensive experimental facilities which often may not be financially or practically feasible.Out of necessity, a method has been developed for estimating the modal masses for vibration modes of footbridges known to respond perceptibly to pedestrian excitation. The method has the advantage that, in its simplest form, only a single channel measurement of acceleration response of the footbridge to a single person jumping, walking or swaying, needs to be recorded. Rather than applying and directly measuring artificial excitation, the method is based on quantifying the forces that generate the lively response, and characterising the initial part of the resonant build-up due to these forces. The method makes use of a database of laboratory-recorded time series of single-person jumping, walking or swaying with the reasonable assumption that the fundamental characteristics of human-induced forcing change little between laboratory and field testing. This also works because the early resonant build-up is relatively insensitive to the imperfect timing of human jumping, walking or swaying.The method has been evaluated on four full-scale footbridges so far and found to give acceptable accuracy with the error margin of about 15% for modal mass estimation for modes of vibration responding to vertical forcing.The method can be used in general for cases where resonant excitation of pedestrian structures is a concern, hence it can be used for vertical, lateral and torsional footbridge vibration modes and even for floors having low and well separated natural frequencies.

The stylistic and historical analysis of the Croatian bridge design and construction of the 19th and first half of the 20th century has not yet even been tackled. This paper presents the work of the Vukovar - based engineer - architect Fran Funtak thus covering at least a small part of this topic. As a scholarship holder of the National Government, Fran Funtak graduated from the Polytechnic in Budapest. Being employed in the Josip Banheyer and Son company as an expert in reinforced concrete construction, he quickly turned this small trading and construction company into one of the leading Croatian bridge and other reinforced concrete construction companies. This was the result of his talent as well as the quality and beautiful design of his bridges. The Zagreb-based firm Josip Dubsky was the company’s major competitor for large construction projects. His design work started as early as 1903 during his studies. It was, however, not until 1906 that the bridge across the river Vuka won the company a reputation of a reliable constructor. In the period before World War I a large number of reinforced concrete bridges were built as a part of the measures undertaken by the Croatian National Government to modernise transportation system. The Banheyer and Son company with its leading architect Fran Funtak received a large number of these commissions. Until 1910 Funtak’s bridge design was mainly engineering-based without many stylistic features except for a secessionist inscription on the bridge beam with a date of its construction. In the subsequent period until 1914 and the company’s termination, his bridges became lavishly decorated in the Secessionist style. Date and year are still noticeable on the beam but the usual motifs became rings „suspended” on the bridge cantilevers, rectangular projections, disc motifs, shallow horizontal and vertical cuttings. All these elements were also coloured. Bridge parapet ends became more massive, at first with strengthened banisters but later mostly built in reinforced concrete. Remarkable examples of secession-style constructions were the bridges across the canal Voćinska - Drava (1911) and the bridges in Orahovica, Čačinci, Sunja as well as drawings for some unknown bridges in the Vinkovci region, all of them with specific trapezoid openings. A special example is the arch bridge across the Biđ near Vrpolje not only for its specific construction (arch bridge) but also for the quality of expressiveness with obelisks at the bridge parapet ends and the specific division of fields between the intrados and the road. Funtak built bridges throughout northern Croatia (about 60 of them between 1903 and 1914) and in this way brought modern materials and types of reinforced concrete constructions as well as modern Secession-style vocabulary into the smallest and most remote regions. This paper is based on the research conducted mainly in the Construction Engineering Department of the Internal Department of the National Government of the Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia between 1903 and 1914. Archive data are combined and compared with data from the publications of that period particularly the annual reports for individual counties as well as the newspapers.

Bridges are the structure constructed for sporting the railway and road traffic or other moving Loads which are moving on Bridge. Bridges are constructed on obstruction which includes a river, channel, canyon, valley, avenue or railway. If a bridge is constructed to hold highway site visitors, its miles called a dual carriageway bridge. If, but, it's far built to carry railway site visitors, it's far referred to as a railway bridge. In the present work the two models are modeled using CSI Bridge software. The models are the steel girder bridge and concrete girder bridge. The results obtained in terms of the transverse displacement, horizontal and vertical shear force, axial force and moment about horizontal and vertical axis.