Building Maintenance Management

The standard operation of companies involves managing risk, whether that risk comes from safety or financial factors. Despite this fact, most companies do little or nothing to manage the safety or financial risk related to their controller automation. This is quite surprising for manufacturing and production companies that depend primarily on equipment and process automation. Those involved in industrial management, plant safety, maintenance and installation of automation equipment should give serious consideration to the risks involved with their PLCs. This article focuses on automation control, but the following approach should be applied to all aspects of manufacturing and production automation.

This paper aims to explore three closely related issues: building maintenance, building depreciation, land rent. What makes these three issues deeply connected is the market value of the property. The choice to carry out preventive or corrective maintenance depends on how the building is affected by age (physical depreciation) and on the trend of land rent. Physical depreciation and land rent are phenomena that act with opposing force in determining the market value of an asset. Because the maintenance is strongly influenced by this value, it becomes crucial to identify the factors that cause it. The combination of the dynamics of two phenomena can (or not) make convenient maintenance. The right interpretation of the correlations in these problem areas can support a better property management / maintenance by owners, managing agents and related parties.

The key to realizing greater savings in your Lean initiatives and from more informed management decisions is to predetermine the "True" cost of downtime for each profit center category. TDC is a activity based costing methodology of analyzing all cost factors associated with downtime, and using this information for cost justification and day to day management decisions. Most likely, this data is already being collected in your facility, and need only be consolidated and organized according to the TDC guidelines

BS 8544 provides an overview of the use of life cycle costing of maintenance during occupation of buildings. It links with ISO 15686 and other UK guidance on maintenance. It provides standardised rules, guidance on data capture and evaluation and prioritisation of expenditure.

Facilities management is an integrated approach to operate, maintain, improve, and adapt the buildings and facilities of an organisation in order to support the core business operations of that organisation. Due to the lack of knowledge and skill in maintenance-related matters, the organisation and client rely on the facilities manager to take care of their building most of the time. However, the facilities management of the buildings has been unprofessionally applied by the facilities managers, which subsequently triggered negative impacts to the building services and facilities. Lack of manager's commitment is also questioned because of the salary payment. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine the relationship between the competency of facilities manager and maintenance performance; and investigate the relationship manager's salary and manager's commitment through questionnaire survey and interview. The findings indicate that there are significant relationship between manager's competency and maintenance performance; as well as manager's salary and manager's commitment. The study concludes that actions should be taken in order to improve the competency and commitment of facilities managers constantly, and hence enhance the maintenance performance.

-Worldwide, the investment in building maintenance is huge as it represents almost 50% of the total turnover of construction activities. Building maintenance is also categorised as the commonest function listed in facilities management activities. This pilot study explores the current practice of building maintenance management in higher education institutions in Malaysia. Information gathered from semi-structured interviews focuses on different areas of building maintenance practices. The main issue is to identify the user-requirements. The areas of study are to cover the objectives of maintenance departments, maintenance reporting processes, maintenance verification processes and other associated tasks. In addition, this study also looks into the contributions of Information Technology (IT) facilities to maintenance practices. Based on the findings, there will be differences in the maintenance practices among the four universities; empirically, of the 57 elements studied only 30% ...

Housing is one of the most basic needs of human beings but many people find it difficult to afford. This is why there are many housing shortages in most parts of the world especially in developing countries. There seems to be paucity of studies on rural housing challenges in Ghana in general and Kulmasa community in the Upper West Region of Ghana in particular. This research seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by assessing rural housing challenges in the Upper West Region of Ghana using Kulmasa as a case study area in order to come out with interventions to address these housing challenges. Study methods include the use of questionnaire, interview guides and observation checklist for data analysis. A total of 66 respondents (both male and female) who took part in this study were purposively selected. The results indicated that the existing housing conditions in Kulmasa community in the Wa Municipality of the Upper West Region of Ghana are in substandard state. The study found out that cultural reasons, proximity to place of work, environmental friendliness of the area, accessibility and affordability of the land and availability of better infrastructure are factors influencing housing development in Kulmasa community of the Upper West Region of Ghana. The study found out that lack of access to secure land, limited access to finance, high cost of land registration, slow bureaucratic procedures, lack of infrastructure in rural areas, development controls, uncoordinated policies and implementations, high cost of construction and high price of land are some of the challenges of the existing housing conditions in Kulmasa community of the Upper West Region of Ghana. It is recommended that the government of Ghana should provide enabling environment for private sector to provide safe, adequate and affordable housing for people in rural communities in the Wa Municipality of the Upper West Region of Ghana. Again, the study recommends that the government of Ghana should liaise with banks and set up social housing mortgage scheme for the people of Kulmasa community. This entails interested banks pooling reasonable sum of money together for lending to the people of Kulmasa community at a negotiated but reduced interest rate of say 5% or less.

This study is carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the management and maintenance of the drainage system at Taman Damai Jaya, Skudai. A total of 100 residents are randomly selected from the total population to be the respondents of the study.  A set of questionnaire will be design to gain primary data from the respondents about their perception about the management and maintenance work that has been carried out by the local authority for that area. This research is focusing on the management and maintenance aspect for the drainage system. The expected result is to identify the important maintenance work criteria for the drainage system and also determine the efficiency level of the management and maintenance of the drainage system.

Construction progress monitoring has been perceived as one of the key factors that prompt the achievement of a construction project. However, assessing the progress is time consuming, costly and obliges specialized personnel to reduce disagreements and approximate the actual performance to the original plan as close as possible. Image processing is a promising method that has been developed for automated monitoring of construction projects. It has attracted increasing attention for progress monitoring, quality assurance and work space analyses. Nonetheless, remarkable drawbacks still remain in image processing, particularly for outdoor environment such as construction progress monitoring. The principle downside of image processing goes back to the image resolution. Ambient lightning condition significantly affects the image quality which does affect the accuracy of data, extracted from related images. Much research strives to reduce the level of errors for data extraction but so far none has been able to deliver complete satisfactory and reliable result. In this research a novel approach based on thermal image analysis is presented. The new method consists of three phases: First, collecting the thermal and original images by utilizing Infrared-Camera. Second, estimating the position of captured images by the use of wireless sensor network implemented in the work space. Finally, the 3D plan will be updated automatically in the Building Information Modeling (BIM) software. The preliminary experimental results from an actual concrete building construction site show the feasibility of inferring the actual state of progress by the use of thermal images to overcome the limitation of vision monitoring. 

AUTOMATED CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS MONITORING USING THERMAL IMAGES AND WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275024236_AUTOMATED_CONSTRUCTION_PROGRESS_MONITORING_USING_THERMAL_IMAGES_AND_WIRELESS_SENSOR_NETWORKS#share [accessed Sep 11, 2015].

Populated with 170 shopping malls operating seven days a week, Jakarta is regarded as one of global cities with the most shopping malls in the world (Kasdiono 2014). According to a report published by Cushman & Wakefield (2015), as per second quarter of 2015, total available retail space built-up area in Jakarta is 3,984,730 m2.

This large quantity of retail space area generates equivalently excessive amount of energy consumption. Eight of ten largest power consumers in Indonesia are shopping malls located in Jakarta, the rest two are major international airports of Indonesia (Intana 2012). A shopping mall in Jakarta could spend the same amount of electricity as two cities in different part of Java, combined (Ali 2013). At its peak, use of electricity in a large shopping mall in Jakarta could reach the capacity of 40 MW (Nurismarsyah 2014).

It is critical to implement energy efficiency program in these shopping malls in order to save cost on energy (from the business perspective), to reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions (from environmental perspective), as well as to provide larger energy reserve for area outside Jakarta where power scarcity still occurs (from social perspective).

High-rise residential buildings consist of separate multiple housing units that share the same lot of land. This type of building provides basic amenities, including covered parking, garbage chute, elevators, 24-hour security system, and swimming pool. Residents who live in high-rise residential buildings are required to share the entire basic amenities provided by the management corporation and are expected to follow rules and regulations to maintain the good condition of facilities. Residents and the management both face different issues on building maintenance. Accordingly, this paper aims to address the parameters of building maintenance issues in high-rise residential buildings from 2005 to 2013. The issues are classified into three main categories, namely, maintenance management fund, maintenance management efficiency, and maintenance management satisfaction. This classification is used to determine the issues on building maintenance management faced by residents and the Management Corporation in high-rise residential buildings.

Shelter is one of the basic necessities for human beings nonetheless it remains a critical problem for millions of people. As at 2014, Ghana has an estimated population of 27 million, with a growth rate of about 2.2%. Ghana has an inevitable housing problem emanating from this rising population as the housing stock has not improved much over the years. Successive governments over the years have not played as much role as the private sector in housing delivery. Housing requirement by 2020 stands at 5.7 million new rooms. If these are to be successfully supplied, 3.8 new rooms must be completed in every minute of the working day for ten years. This paper sought to examine why the private real estate developing companies are unable to produce enough houses to meet the deficit and offers appropriate recommendations. The mixed method approach involving literature review, questionnaires and interviews were used for the study. Simple random sampling was used for questionnaire administration to 75 real estate developers. 50 representing 66.7% was realized. 15 key stakeholders in the real estate development industry including architects, quantity surveyors, and structural engineers were purposively selected for the questionnaire administration and also interviewed. Result of the outcome from the questionnaire survey and interviews were mapped and coded for the quantitative and qualitative analysis using basic statistical tools. Among the major problems identified were finance, acquisition of disputed land titles and persistent increase in prices of building raw materials. The study recommends an establishment of an extensive land information system to support the land administration project, institution of macroeconomic programs (to combat rising inflation and interest rate and depreciation of the cedi) and financing strategies (forward funding, corporate loans and lease-own arrangement) to boost the demand for houses of real estate developers.

Maintenance management aims at keeping the facility working
at a good and acceptable condition. In Egypt many obstacles
hinders the process of maintenance management. Those
obstacles almost occur through the building lifetime, starting from
the pre-design stage, the design stage , passing by the
occupation stage and ending by the operation and maintenance
stage.
The most reasonable approach when dealing with
maintenance management (MM) , is to view it as a branch of a
larger profession, which is, Facility Management(FM)which can
simply be explained as the management of both services and assets.
In the near future , Integrated Facility Management approach
(IFM), which is considered the recent development in the field of
maintenance management, will be used to an unprecedented
extent, through the use of modern Computer Aided Facility
Management technologies (CAFM). Thus require considerable
forethought of (IFM) and their costs, benefits and implications
when applied in local public buildings.
This thesis aims at finding a relevant approach to an Egyptian
market capable of appreciating the need for the integration of
maintenance and facility management. This aim is attained
through the use of a software assessment tool, that might help in
determining the value added in having an integrated facility
management approach.

For many years the performance of building projects has continued to deteriorate. Many criticisms have been directed to the construction industry for general shoddy workmanship. The low emphasis on the use of quality management practices can impact negatively on productivity and project performance. The objectives of the study are to: evaluate the level of use of quality management practices at pre-contract and contract stages of construction projects; evaluate the contributions of project team members to quality performance of construction projects; compare the level of use of quality management practices among  selected procurement  methods used in the construction industry at pre-contract and contract stages of construction; and to compare the level of use of quality management practices between public and private client types at  pre-contract and contract stages of  construction. The study focuses on evaluating the level of use of construction quality management practices by stakeholders and their impact on project performance with a view to avoid poor quality projects so as to meet client’s satisfaction. A survey research design approach was adopted to achieve these objectives. A field survey involving 165 professionals (Consultants, and Contractors, in Akwa Ibom state) that were involved in building construction projects was conducted. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using mean item score (MIS), Kruskal Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test. The result reveals a significant relationship between level of use of quality management practices and the project performance. Clearly, to improve project performance requires construction firms to re-examine the level of usage of appropriate quality management practices in their operations from the onset of a project by the lowest to the highest personnel, for better project performance. This will go a long way in changing the negative story of the construction industry in Akwa Ibom state and Nigeria as a nation.

Every building requires maintenance for achieving its projected lifespan. Historic buildings have been able to stand despite the passage of their projected lifespan. And, maintenance approaches has always helped to renew a building's life. In the context of the commercialized traditional settlements of Kathmandu Valley, historic buildings are still a part of the daily lives (whether private or public). Culturally celebrating the practice of cleaning and maintenance twice a year and founding day of every public monument, the communities and Guthis of Kathmandu valley has also undergone a contemporary bureaucratic management system. This thesis aims to identify the existing practices of maintenance management in historic buildings in Patan. It attempts at qualitative analysis taking three national cases for a collective instrumental case study by conducting within case analysis. In order to support the finding from the case analysis, a survey questionnaire to collect the ranking of pre-identified criteria for maintenance management of historic buildings in case of Patan has been done by purposive sampling method. The views and suggestions of the acting professionals in the field of historic buildings obtained through a semi-structured interview has added value to the finding from the representative cases. Conservation plans and maintenance policies, maintenance practices, materials, workmanship, financial sustainability, documentation and record-keeping and, procurement are the key features of maintenance management identified from the case studies and interviews. The outcome of this thesis could later be used as a basis for coming up with a suitable maintenance management programme for historic buildings in Kathmandu valley.

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs in buildings represent a significant part of the total building life cycle cost. However, project delivery methods in the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry are often focused on the capital delivery stage and associated costs ranging from planning, through design, to construction and handover. Open data standards such as the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and specifications such as the Construction Operations Building information exchange (COBie) provide the capability to capture Facilities Management (FM) data requirements in a structured manner from the early stages of project development. We aim to investigate how and whether IFC and COBie can deliver the data and information about assets required by facility managers within a whole life cycle perspective. We focus on specific use cases including the creation of asset registers and service life planning. However, the methodology adopted can be generalised and applied to any other FM use case. The results show that IFC, COBie and the tested supporting tools exhibited some shortcomings in delivering some of the data entities, types and parameters required for the selected FM use cases. We discuss these shortcomings and propose them as areas for improvement to domain researchers, standardisation bodies and technology providers. Finally, we instigate domain researchers to adopt the proposed methodology and conduct further FM use cases.

The Ghana Police Service is faced with acute housing challenge compelling the service to resort to rental accommodation from private landlords. Unfortunately, the quality of these police rented houses, especially in terms of maintenance, is generally not good and thus leaving the premises in deplorable conditions not guaranteeing the well-being of the police occupants.

This is a preview (buy the whole ebook with 75% discount on printed edition at http://www.saige.it/Details.aspx?id=41) of a rich handbook (over 300 pages in original printed edition, much more in this ebook) about thermography applied to sector of building, that approaches the technique both from a theoric and practical point of view. Thermography is explained with a lot of thermal images as examples for physical consequences of formulae, and case histories of several kind of inspections are developed, from moisture and mold, to thermal bypass, to water infiltrations, to façade delamination, to building energy efficiency and construction defects. Every source of errors in measuring surface temperature with thermography is described in detail with rich examples, so that book is unvaluable for the beginner but interesting too for the skilled. Both European (EN) that USA (ASTM) technical standards are described in detail, with guidelines for evaluation of gravity for thermal insulation weakness in buildings. A chapter is dedicated to describing technical characteristics of thermal cameras and software, so the beginner may understand data sheets before buying a thermal imaging system. Two chapters are dedicated to blower door test and his synergy with thermography, with explanation of standards and case histories. The last chapter treats of heat flux meter and measuring of thermal transmittance in situ, making the book a complete text for nondestructive energy efficiency tests for building.
Davide Lanzoni, engineer, level 3 in thermography, is owner of SAIGE (www.saige.it), and perform both thermographic inspections in building and electrical, and training courses for certification in level 1 and level 2.

The high rise residential building is known as separated multiple housing units that share same lot of land. Basically, this type of building provides basic amenities such as covered parking, garbage chute, elevators, 24 hours security system, swimming pool and so on. Residents that live in high-rise residential building need to share the entire basic amenities provided and corporate with Management Corporation to maintain the facilities in a good condition. In fact, there are many issues on the aspect of building maintenance managements faced by residents and the management corporation. Therefore, this paper aims to address the parameters of building maintenance issues at high-rise residential building from year 2005 to 2013. Then, classified the issues into three main categories namely maintenance management fund, maintenance management efficiency and maintenance management satisfaction. This classification is used to determine clearly the issues of building maintenance management faced by residents and Management Corporation at high-rise residential building.

Paper ini merupakan kajian literatur dalam pemeliharaan gedung milik pemerintah. Pemeliharaan gedung milik pemerintah merupakan proses yang selama ini kurang mendapat perhatian. Padahal, gedung memerlukan pemeliharaan selama 90% umurnya. Pemeliharaan gedung dapat dibedakan menjadi pemeliharaan preventive dan corrective. Masing-masing jenis pemeliharaan memerlukan strategi tertentu dalam pelaksanaannya. Pemeliharaan preventive memerlukan usaha yang lebih karena memerlukan upaya pendugaan yang memerlukan beberapa data.

The level of maintenance and the condition of public housing has been a significant concern for tenants and housing researchers alike. The state of public housing is often a reflection of its local authority managers and the policy that surrounds it. This paper assesses the performance of local authorities in the management of public housing in Ghana. Data was collected through interviews with local authority housing officers and tenants as well as a small sample survey of tenants. The performance of the authorities mentioned above was measured by three factors; adequacy (house types and quantity), decency (maintenance and satisfaction with maintenance), and affordability (rent levels). The paper concludes that the current state of Ghanaian public housing, when measured against its mandate to provide adequate, decent and affordable housing to beneficiary government workers is substandard due to underperforming local authorities (LAs). The paper suggests that rent policy should be reviewed to empower LAs to self-determine and collect rent. Rents in the public housing sector should be reviewed to realistic levels so that they may generate funds for maintenance. Housing policy should institute internal and external mechanisms to monitor the performance of LAs in the management of public housing.

The standards of maintenance management of buildings at many educational institutions, including tertiary institutions, need improvement. TQM has proven to be effective in the improvement of quality in the maintenance of building facilities, although many tertiary institutions are still grappling to implement TQM in the maintenance of their buildings. This study examines the perceptions that maintenance workers have about the challenges they face during the implementation of TQM in the maintenance of buildings of Institutions' of Higher Learning (IHL), assessing whether there are statistical differences based on workers' affiliated campuses and their positions. A case study approach utilising quantitative data was used in the study where a questionnaire with closed-ended questions was distributed to purposively sampled maintenance workers in an IHL in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The data collected from this group of respondents who are based in the five campuses of the institution were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. No statistical difference in the affiliated campuses and workers positions was found regarding their perception of the challenges faced. However, a significant difference was found in the responses provided by workers positions as regards the impact of TQM challenges in their building maintenance activities.The scope of this study was limited to one IHL in South Africa. Therefore, further studies can be conducted in other IHLs.

Purpose: Scheduled building maintenance requires appropriate and adequate spare parts to replace existing parts on a regular basis. Management of spare parts is seen as an important criterion to ensure the efficiency of scheduled maintenance. Thus, this paper aims to identify the contributors of spare parts management and investigate the relationship between these contributors and maintenance cost performance.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This research adopted a quantitative approach, which utilised questionnaire surveys to study the relationship between the contributors of spare parts management and maintenance cost performance. The data was analysed through descriptive analysis, correlation, and regression analysis. Additionally, a case study was examined to validate the results obtained from the survey.
Findings: The results of this research demonstrated that the quality of spare parts, budget allocation for acquisition of spare parts, and level of stocks were significantly correlated to the maintenance cost variance. Moreover, the results of the regression analysis indicated that the quality of spare parts was the significant predictor of maintenance cost variance.
Originality/Value: This research highlights the importance of spare parts management in building maintenance. It recommends that maintenance management set up a spare parts management department for updating stocks frequently. Meanwhile, the management should avoid ad-hoc acquisition of spare parts, as this is always more expensive. The management should also select spare parts based on quality instead of lowest cost. In addition, building managers should also apply the developed regression model in practice to predict and improve maintenance performance.

Building maintenance costs are increasing rapidly due to poor maintenance in the past. In this paper, attempts are made to identify the characteristics of scheduled maintenance. It has been established that the characteristics of scheduled maintenance always affect the cost performance. Therefore, this research aims to establish their relationships. Then, regression model is produced for maintenance prediction purposes. The triangulation