CPS

Industry 4.0 is seen as the beginning phase where computers and automation become connected and as an opportunity to increase the efficiency and effectiveness in the manufacturing industry. With the application of real-time data and information by integrating physical machinery and devices with networked sensors and software to predict, control and reduce costs in a long-term view. This study presents the basic fundamental concepts of Industry 4.0, where each technology of Industry 4.0 is described based on the current literature. Also, this study tries to understand the impact of Industry 4.0 to the ERP approach and how each technology of the Industry 4.0 can be related to ERP system and if current ERP systems are ready to support Industry 4.0. Based on the findings, there are many challenges related to the integration of Industry 4.0 and current ERP systems especially when it comes to the machine to machine, machine to ERP communication and the security of the data.

Technical evolution in networking and computation sectors have played a predominant role in the Cyber Physical System (CPS) development. With the extensive utilization of CPSs, novel security problems have emerged due to several intrusions, threats and attacks. Therefore, CPS security is at high risk. A proper study of CPS security requirements and techniques for risk assessment can aid in upgrading the security measures. This paper presents an elucidation of CPS, significance of intrusion detection and security robustness. Furthermore, it illustrates the scope of risk assessment in CPS. The prime motive of this work is to investigate the conventional security schemes and intrusion detection methods and the technical issues pertaining in this domain. This study aims to explore the existing issues in conventional models so as to design novel frameworks that can address these challenges and optimize the security.

This study examines the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and risk of stock price crash in UK firms. I use CEO Pay Slice (CPS) – the fraction of maximum top-five executives’ total compensation that goes to the CEO, and board ‘busyness’ – the proportion of board level directors who have three or more directorships, to evaluate the effect of these two important aspects of corporate governance on stock price crash risk.  The CPS reflects relative importance of the CEO as well as the extent to which the CEO is able to extract rents and expropriate shareholders wealth (expropriation effect). Board busyness may create a serious agency problem because directors are “too busy to mind the business”, allowing for executives’ short-termism and bad news hoarding (busyness effect). Using a large sample of UK listed companies over the 1997 to 2010 period, I document evidence supporting a positive relationship between CPS, board busyness and stock price crash risk. In line with the expropriation and busyness effects, I find that companies with high CPS and high levels of board busyness are exposed to higher level of stock price crash risk. The fact that CPS positively impacts on stock price crash risk has a strong implication for the on-going debate on how to reform executive remuneration so that it provides the right incentives to directors. There is also a direct implication for the public debate on limitation of the number of directorships held by executives from the findings, as I argue that board effectiveness depends on the overall level of board business.

Cyber-physical system (CPS) is a modern technology in the cyber world, and it integrates with wireless sensor network (WSN). This system is widely used in many applications such as a smart city, greenhouse, healthcare, and power grid. Therefore, the data security and integrity are necessary to ensure the highest level of protection and performance for such systems. In this paper, two sides security system for cyber-physical level is proposed to obtain security, privacy, and integrity. The first side is applied the secure sockets layer (SSL)/transport layer security (TLS) encryption protocol with the internet of things (IoT) based message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol to secure the connection and encrypt the data exchange between the system's parties. The second side proposes an algorithm to detect and prevent a denial of service (DoS) attack (hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) post request) on a Web server. The experiment results show the superior performance of the proposed method to secure the CPS by detecting and preventing the cyber-attacks, which infect the Web servers. They also prove the implementation of security, privacy and integrity aspects on the CPS.

This thesis is a journey on how collaboration leads to greater creativity through creative synthesis and other techniques. Research on creative synthesis shows students ability to come up with more original ideas that lead to insight. The author presents a new model for insight using previous theories and combining them into a new method.

This study examines the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and risk of stock price crash in UK firms. I use CEO Pay Slice (CPS) – the fraction of maximum top-five executives’ total compensation that goes to the CEO, and board ‘busyness’ – the proportion of board level directors who have three or more directorships, to evaluate the effect of these two important aspects of corporate governance on stock price crash risk.  The CPS reflects relative importance of the CEO as well as the extent to which the CEO is able to extract rents and expropriate shareholders wealth (expropriation effect). Board busyness may create a serious agency problem because directors are “too busy to mind the business”, allowing for executives’ short-termism and bad news hoarding (busyness effect). Using a large sample of UK listed companies over the 1997 to 2010 period, I document evidence supporting a positive relationship between CPS, board busyness and stock price crash risk. In line with the expropriation and busyness effects, I find that companies with high CPS and high levels of board busyness are exposed to higher level of stock price crash risk. The fact that CPS positively impacts on stock price crash risk has a strong implication for the on-going debate on how to reform executive remuneration so that it provides the right incentives to directors. There is also a direct implication for the public debate on limitation of the number of directorships held by executives from the findings, as I argue that board effectiveness depends on the overall level of board business.

Study Aims: This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of a technological program based on Creative Problem Solving (CPS) in developing thinking skills in Mathematics including its three patterns (visual, deductive, creative) among seventh grade female students in Gaza.
Study Approach: In order to achieve the study objectives, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach and the experimental approach. A list of thinking skills in Mathematics including its three patterns (visual, deductive, creative) has been prepared. The list consisted of (11) skills apt to be developed by the program. A technological program has been prepared in light of components and phases of (CPS). This is in addition to design and generate an application runs by Augmented Reality (AR) technology.
Study Tool and Sample: In order to verify the effectiveness of the program, the study tools were prepared representing in three self-prepared tests for visual thinking, deductive thinking, and creative thinking. Those tests have undergone pre and post application on a sample consisted of a group of female students selected from Alabbas Bin Abelmuttalib “B” School. This group was divided into two sub-groups, the first is experimental group totaling (48) students who study using the technological program, the second is control group totaling (49) students who study using traditional methods. SPSS software program was used to analyze the statistical data.
Study Results: The study results revealed that there are statistically significant differences at the level of (α = 0.01) between the mean scores of experimental group students and control group students in the post application of thinking skills in Mathematics test in total and in each pattern of thinking skills test (visual, deductive, creative) in favor of experimental group. Also, the technological program achieved a reasonable effectiveness in developing thinking skills in Mathematics among seventh grade female students in Gaza.
Study Recommendations: The most important recommendations of the study include the necessity of benefiting from the guiding material of the technological program and the procedural guiding book of teachers, which is prepared according to CPS model (CPS Version 6.1), as well as the AR technology in teaching Mathematics. By doing so, they should result in developing thinking skills in Mathematics including its three patterns; visual, deductive, and creative thinking. It is also important to adopt AR application, prepared by the researcher, by the Ministry of Education in Palestine and work on its development in order to employ this application in the process of teaching and learning Mathematics.

The notion of Cyber-Physical-Social System (CPSS) is an emerging concept developed as a result of the need to understand the impact of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) on humans and vice versa. This paradigm shift from CPS to CPSS was mainly attributed to the increasing use of sensor enabled smart devices and the tight link with the users. The concept of CPSS has been around for over a decade and it has gained an increasing attention over the past few years. The evolution to incorporate human aspects in the CPS research has unlocked a number of research challenges. Particularly human dynamics brings additional complexity that is yet to be explored. The exploration to conceptualise the notion of CPSS has been partially addressed in few scientific literatures. Although its conceptualisation has always been use-case dependent. Thus, there is a lack of generic view as most works focus on specific domains. Furthermore the systemic core and design principles linking it with the theory of syst...

The lack of research on the field of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) and vocabulary intake in Chilean contexts led to the development of special sessions using a Classroom Polling System (CPS) to demonstrate that constant exposure to vocabulary input has positive effects on students’ vocabulary intake levels. To ensure such effectiveness, a t-test was used to gather quantitative data with the intent to falsify the assertion that CPS may not influence vocabulary intake levels and, in case of positive results, measure the interventions’ magnitude from an initial and final point. Results revealed slight improvements [p = 0.042, d = 0.400, t== 1.895, ɑ = 0.44, r = 0.721] thanks to the use of the platform. Further research suggests applying more interventions under different course levels and more participants.

The notion of Cyber-Physical-Social System (CPSS) is an emerging concept developed as a result of the need to understand the impact of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) on humans and vice versa. This paradigm shift from CPS to CPSS was mainly attributed to the increasing use of sensor enabled smart devices and the tight link with the users. The concept of CPSS has been around for over a decade and it has gained an increasing attention over the past few years. The evolution to incorporate human aspects in the CPS research has unlocked a number of research challenges. Particularly human dynamics brings additional complexity that is yet to be explored. The exploration to conceptualise the notion of CPSS has been partially addressed in few scientific literatures. Although its conceptualisation has always been use-case dependent. Thus, there is a lack of generic view as most works focus on specific domains. Furthermore the systemic core and design principles linking it with the theory of systems are loose. This work aims at addressing these issues by first exploring and analysing scientific literatures to understand the complete spectrum of CPSS through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Thereby identifying the state-of-the-art perspectives on CPSS regarding definitions, underlining principles and application areas. Subsequently, based on the findings of the SLR, we propose a domain-independent definition and a meta-model for CPSS, grounded in the Theory of Systems. Finally a discussion on feasible future research directions is presented based on the systemic notion and the proposed meta-models.

The notion of Cyber-Physical-Social System (CPSS) is an emerging concept developed as a result of the need to understand the impact of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) on humans and vice versa. This paradigm shift from CPS to CPSS was mainly attributed to the increasing use of sensor enabled smart devices and the tight link with the users. The concept of CPSS has been around for over a decade and it has gained an increasing attention over the past few years. The evolution to incorporate human aspects in the CPS research has unlocked a number of research challenges. Particularly human dynamics brings additional complexity that is yet to be explored. The exploration to conceptualise the notion of CPSS has been partially addressed in few scientific literatures. Although its conceptualisation has always been use-case dependent. Thus, there is a lack of generic view as most works focus on specific domains. Furthermore the systemic core and design principles linking it with the theory of syst...

The work describes two proposals for hydrogen production using the HTR-PM reactor as an energy source. Both proposals take advantage of the high output temperatures of the 2 × 250 MWth HTR-PM project to increase the efficiency of hydrogen production processes. Two proposals are analysed, the hydrogen production through the Cu-Cl cycle and the high temperature electrolysis process. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed conceptual designs, two computational models were developed in a chemical process simulator. A determination of the efficiency of the hydrogen production process coupled to the HTR-PM was carried out using the computational model developed. The high temperature electrolysis (HTE) process can produce 0.7821 kg/s of hydrogen with 27.37% of efficiency. The Cu-Cl process, although producing less hydrogen, 0.5637 kg/s, has higher overall efficiency (32.12%) than the HTE, mainly due to less global exergy destruction and higher exergetic efficiency.

When the Internet was conceived, the rationale was to interconnect Personal Computers to share advanced information or digital data everywhere. On the other hand, when implanted or embedded frameworks/networks were conceived, the motivation was to control system segments under real-time constrictions through detecting gadgets, ordinarily at little or small to medium scales. With the colossal development of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the propensity is to empower omnipresent persistent computing to control everything at whatever time and at a huge scale. This vision gave as of late ascent to the worldview of Cyber physical Systems (CPS). This article gives an idea of the Cyber-Physical Internet examine its outline prerequisites and present the constraints of the present systems/networks administration reflections to satisfy these necessities with a glimpse over real-time defies that must be considered in the outline Cyber-Physical Internet (CPI).