Capacity Factor

Direct use and power generation based on geothermal sources are growing at a steadfast pace around the world. Although available abundantly in many parts of the world, geothermal energy sources have been under-utilized in desalination applications. Geothermal sources have the potential to serve as excellent heat sources for thermal desalination processes. Since thermal desalination processes require large quantities of heat sources, geothermal based energy source represents a feasible, sustainable, and an environmentally friendly option. The advantage with geothermal source is that it can act as a heat source and a storage medium for process energy utilization. If these water sources have high dissolved solids, then they can serve as feed water for the desalination process. Since external energy consumption is minimized except for the mechanical energy requirements, geothermal enabled desalination processes could have less environmental impacts when compared to other nonrenewable energy driven desalination processes. Cogeneration schemes for simultaneous water and power production are also possible with geothermal sources as well as poly generation with multiple process benefits involving cooling and heating applications. This paper provides the present state-of-the-art of geothermal desalination with discussion on the benefits of geothermal desalination over other renewable and nonrenewable energy driven desalination configurations. Present status of the worldwide geothermal desalination and the potential for future developments in this technological area were discussed in detail with case studies for

The main source of the World is the sun. The continuous energy flow in the natural process keeps our world alive and existence. The solar rays formed as a result of nuclear reactions in the sun interact with our world and are stored and transformed into different energy sources. Among thies energy resources, Renewable energy sources can be defined as being able to renew itself faster than depletion rate. These renewable sources are; solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, hydraulic energy and so on.

The more strategically diversified the energy resources and the more they are supported by renewable energies, the more humanity will guarantee future prosperty. regarding the sector growth and invstments in the last 10 years, Wind Energy gains a special importance among renewable energy resources.

The aim of this study; to analyse potential of wind energy by considering agricultural use in the Southeast Anatolia and to take a step to reduce the lack of information available in the scientific sources about the Southeastern Anatolia Region Wind Energy Potential.

On this study; the data of 24 meteorological stations in 9 cities in Southeast Anatolia, Wind Energy Potential Atlas of General Directorate of Renewable Energy and satellite imagery were analyzed simultaneously and  various information about the region was obtained. In this study, considering the wind characteristics in the region, possible performances of the horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines are examined and the power and energy values to be obtained are presented.

Wind-based power is one of the renewable base power sources that are tipped to play a great role in decarbonising the globe. To achieve this potential, more wind farms are likely to be built. The capacity factor of a wind farm and hence its profitability is dependent on whether it is properly sized and sited. In fact, some wind power plants have failed wholly or underperformed, because the wind turbine plant installed did not match the wind site. In this paper, a new approximate capacity factor equation has been derived for matching wind turbines to potential site for optimum yield and profitability. The indexes of capacity factor and cost of electricity were used as metrics in the model. The proposed model was applied to the climatic conditions and wind turbine characteristics of Kappadagudda and Mailiao wind farms in India and Taiwan, respectively. The result obtained showed good agreement with measured data for the two wind farms. With respect to the Kappadagudda wind farm, the model computed CF of 38% is close to the Kappadagudda real wind farm annual CF of 36% representing an absolute error of 2% and a mean square error of 0.96%. In addition, it was found that the proposed model followed the same general trend with other six existing models compared.

Malaysia is rapidly expanding the generation capacity of solar power through large scale solar (LSS) projects with the aim to achieve 20% renewable energy mix by 2025. This has motivated many solar industry players to explore the usage of solar PV with single axis tracker (SAT) system. However, many are still hesitant due to the lack of understanding on the comparative performance between fixed mounted solar PV with solar PV with SAT system. This paper aims to provide a comparative analysis on the performance of both systems. Simulation using PVSyst 6.83 was performed in five potential LSS sites spread across Peninsular Malaysia in Perlis, Kelantan, Pahang, Selangor and Johor with the same installed capacity of 10.32MWp. The energy yield and capacity factor for 21 years were simulated. On the average, it was found that SAT outperforms fixed mounted solar PV system by 15.08% based on their performance on their first year operation.

FOR CITATION:
Yihdego, Yohannes; Salem, Hilmi S.; Pudza, Musa Yahaya (2017). Renewable Energy: Wind Farm Perspectives - The Case of Africa. Journal of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Volume 5, Number 4, December 2017, pp. 281-306(26). Publisher: Scrivener Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7569/JSEE.2017.629521

ABSTRACT:
This paper is on the push and choice for a greener and environmentally sustainable energy, particularly wind energy. A single wind turbine produces a limited amount of carbon emissions throughout its lifecycle. By taking a broader view, wind energy farms (or wind farms) have collectively a greater impact upon the environment and economy. Recent research on wind farms tends to focus on energy-generated modelling for the cushioning and mitigation of the climate-change malady, hence to enable accurate prediction of power generation. This paper presents an approach to wind energy, with respect to: (i) carbon emissions and intensity; (ii) potential energy production; (iii) return on economic investment; and (iv) payback-time from an early design perspective. The overall contribution of this work is to develop an approach to enable the selection of “greener” options represented in renewable energy sources, particularly the wind energy, with the focus on economic feasibility assessment and environmental impacts. This study represents, to top-management, industrialists (such as wind-turbines’ manufacturers), environmentalists, and engineers, as well as to wind-energy services’ providers, research scientists, and policy- and decision-makers, an assessment of the choices and options of wind-energy provision and in investing in its industry and development, as a clean and sustainable technology to generate electric power. In addition, the potential of using wind energy and other kinds of renewable energy sources for electric power generation is investigated in this study, with respect to the Continent of Africa, as a “case study”, in terms of opportunities and challenges. URL: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/scrivener/jsee/2017/00000005/00000004/art00004?crawler=true&mimetype=application/pdf

The retention behaviour of mono-, dicarboxylate and inorganic anions on latex-based pellicular anion-exchanger was investigated. This paper is focused on the possible retention mechanism providing a retention database on a variety of mobile phase compositions. It has been demonstrated that anions can interact with the cation-exchange layer on the highly crosslinked latex-based pellicular phase as well as with the anion-exchange sites. A hypothesis is proposed to explain a mixed-mode retention of the series of analytes. A combination of two mechanisms has been found responsible for the enhanced selectivity: ion-exchange and ion-exclusion. Applications include the separation of formate, acetate, propionate, lactate, pyruvate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, tartrate, fumarate, maleate , chloride, nitrate and sulphate with NaOH eluent using suppressed conductivity detection. The study effectively characterizes the behaviour of different analytes under elution conditions of practical impo...

Wind energy has been most prevalently utilized to generate electric power due to non pollution to the environment and the conservation of fossil fuel resources. The energy generated from wind turbine depends on the wind site characteristics and the wind turbine parameters. So, the choice of certain wind turbine for specific site is very important in terms of price of electric energy generated from wind energy system. Therefore, optimal choice of wind turbine is one of the most crucial issues in the design of wind energy system, which can utilize wind energy as efficiently as possible and achieve the best economic benefits. So this paper introduces a new and simple mathematic formulation for the wind turbine-site matching problem, based on wind speed characteristics of any site and the power curve parameters of any wind turbine. Wind speed at any site is characterized by the scale parameter (c) and the shape parameter (k) of the Weibull distribution function. The power curve paramete...

The use of renewable energies, mainly wind and photovoltaic, are sources of generation that have spread worldwide by micro-grids. In places where the implementation of electric grids is inaccessible or economically not feasible, the installation of wind micro-turbines and photovoltaic systems for electricity generation and water pumping systems has been implemented; however, renewable energies have not yet been used in some rural areas due to the lack of studies and initiatives of their own. In the present study, in situ measurements have been used to evaluate the wind potential in rural town and the application for micro-turbine. Through the Weibull Distribution, an analysis of the wind energy potential available in the area has been carried out incorporating commercial wind micro-turbines and energy cost analysis. The favorable wind levels and the nominal speed values of commercial turbines have allowed obtaining the capacity factor values and energy costs, which allowed determining the feasibility of the installation of wind micro-turbines to provide electric energy to the habitants of this town.

Wind energy has been most prevalently utilized to generate electric power due to non pollution to the environment and the conservation of fossil fuel resources. The energy generated from wind turbine depends on the wind site characteristics and the wind turbine parameters. So, the choice of certain wind turbine for specific site is very important in terms of price of electric energy generated from wind energy system. Therefore, optimal choice of wind turbine is one of the most crucial issues in the design of wind energy system, which can utilize wind energy as efficiently as possible and achieve the best economic benefits. So this paper introduces a new and simple mathematic formulation for the wind turbine-site matching problem, based on wind speed characteristics of any site and the power curve parameters of any wind turbine. Wind speed at any site is characterized by the scale parameter (c) and the shape parameter (k) of the Weibull distribution function. The power curve paramete...

The use of renewable energies, mainly wind and photovoltaic, are sources of generation that have spread worldwide by micro-grids. In places where the implementation of electric grids is inaccessible or economically not feasible, the installation of wind micro-turbines and photovoltaic systems for electricity generation and water pumping systems has been implemented; however, renewable energies have not yet been used in some rural areas due to the lack of studies and initiatives of their own. In the present study, in situ measurements have been used to evaluate the wind potential in rural town and the application for micro-turbine. Through the Weibull Distribution, an analysis of the wind energy potential available in the area has been carried out incorporating commercial wind micro-turbines and energy cost analysis. The favorable wind levels and the nominal speed values of commercial turbines have allowed obtaining the capacity factor values and energy costs, which allowed determining the feasibility of the installation of wind micro-turbines to provide electric energy to the habitants of this town.