Cape Coast

Cognitive and affective attributes are the key in any educational endeavor. They seek to give an indication of the extent to which a learner would succeed in a given subject. Given this, the paper examined the cognitive and affective characteristics of History students of the University of Cape Coast, using primary data collected via focus group discussions with a sample of History students selected through random sampling technique. Discussions were transcribed into written text and coded into themes and sub-themes. Commonalities and differences in the key themes have been presented. The study revealed that knowledge traits characterized students' cognitive abilities. The study further found that students have a negative attitude and lack of interest towards History. The results from this study calls for the need to improve the transaction of the History curriculum in the University. It is, therefore, recommended that teachers adopt and use appropriate implementation strategies...

Geometric design deficiencies on existing roads would lead to a potential accident, such as an accident happens at the sharp curves, layered pavement conditions, and slippery pavement surface. Road traffic accident has been increasing in the Southern Region of Tigray, of which this area was shown to have alarming rates. According to the Southern Tigray Regional Police, the high figure of road traffic accidents was recorded in Alamata, Mehoni and Hewane districts. This research study focused on the analysis of traffic accidents related to geometric design parameters of the existing asphalt road. While the data for the analysis covered route data, traffic accident report from the police station containing some injuries, crashes, and damage to properties, as well as interviews and questionnaire surveys to people who are directly involved in road travels, are considered. The primary data have mainly covered the geometry of the road which was measured during the site survey, road safety ...

The Kathmandu Valley Ring Road has been
subjected to a comprehensive analysis focusing
on accident-prone areas. Nepal's vulnerability to
multiple hazards, including road accidents, has
prompted a detailed examination of this critical transportation infrastructure. The analysis
sought to identify and understand the trends in
accidents along the Ring Road. Factors such as
traffic flow, road conditions, environmental
elements, and human behavior were considered
in this study. Data collected and analyzed
spanned a significant timeframe to capture year
wise variations and long-term patterns 2075-
2080 B.S. Findings revealed Top ten areas
exhibiting higher accident frequencies,
attributed to various factors. These accidentprone zones were predominantly characterized
by congestion, poor road maintenance, visibility
issues, and inadequate signage. Additionally,
instances of human error, such as reckless
driving and non-compliance with traffic
regulations, were significant contributors to
accidents.
The analysis highlighted the need for targeted
interventions in these identified areas.
Recommendations include infrastructure
improvements, enhanced road safety measures,
strategic traffic management, and public
awareness campaigns. Collaboration between
relevant authorities, local communities, and
transportation experts is crucial to implementing
these measures effectively. By focusing on
mitigating risks in these accident-prone zones,
the goal is to significantly reduce the occurrence
and severity of accidents along the Kathmandu
Valley Ring Road. This proactive approach
aligns with broader initiatives aimed at
enhancing road safety and ensuring the wellbeing of commuters and local reside

Road accidents are major causes of injuries and fatalities worldwide and a significant public health concern. This paper includes a comprehensive analysis of road accidents on the road section from Sanga to Dhulikhel of Kavrepalanchwok district so as to identify trends of accidents, causes contributing for accidents and identifying the accident black spots and ranking accident black spots based on the Weighted Severity Index and Accident Severity Index. The study uses a data driven approach using accident data obtained from the district police office, statistical analysis and weighted Severity Index and Accident Severity Index to observe road accident patterns. This study focuses on accident analysis to find out the spatial distribution of accidents, highlight accident peak times, accident black spots and their ranking. The various factors contributing to road accidents related to driver behavior, vehicle condition, pedestrian behavior, environmental condition were explored and statistical analysis are done to determine accident likelihood and severity which are very much helpful to identify accident-prone areas. There is noteworthy pattern in the accidents records in past four fiscal year. Overall, fatal accidents have decreased over the year but serious accidents have increased. The number of minor incidents has also shown some variation. Male had more accidents than females. It is clear that the male percentage significantly outnumber the female comprising 81.9%, while females make up only 10.1%. It was observed that the 26 to 56 age group is more vulnerable age group. The relatively low percentages of accidents occurred during morning and late evening. The accident frequency significantly rises from the late morning through the early afternoon with peak frequency in the late afternoon. It was observed that light vehicles account for 25%, tipper and other vehicles account for 19%, two wheeler accounts for 20% and vehicle and pedestrian accounts for 36% of the total accidents recorded.  This study suggests evidence based recommendations for accident prevention, infrastructure improvement, and public awareness programs and law enforcement strategies to reduce road accidents.

Key Words: Road Traffic accident, Weighted Severity Index, Accident Severity Index, Accident Black Spot.

The study focused on the empirical analysis of the determinants of savings behaviour by households in Ghana. The population consisted of individuals who constitute the employees and management, customers, market men, and women of some selected financial intermediaries in the Ho Municipality of the Volta Region of Ghana. A sample size of 152 was drawn from the population using the probability and non-probability sampling techniques. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data collected. The findings showed that, in general, majority of the individuals save with the financial institution in the Ho municipality. It also showed that many individuals’ choice of the financial institutions was encouraged by interest rates. It was also realized that, majority of the individuals within the Ho municipality has fewer dependents and this promotes saving behaviour in the Ho municipality. Also, in the findings, it was revealed that majority of individuals used the Automat...

Photographic material can sometimes pose an overwhelming and distorting presence, especially when it comes to the writing of history. Some of the first visual recordings of African social worlds via photography would long serve as a model for images of the continent. This phenomenon has only been reinforced by recirculations of images from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Intended as a counterpoint, this article will contemplate a paradoxical history of photography by considering it based not on its presence but on its very absence. A work of history supported by photographic and written sources from the years 1870 to 1910, this contribution focuses on photography as absence, as disappearance, and as erasure. This implicit history focuses on various essential phenomena that characterize the (non)production of photographic images of African social worlds in the age of colonial expansion. It first deals with the key question of the material destruction of old photographs of Africa. For a variety of reasons, an entire part of what was photographed is now either lost or in the process of becoming lost. One of the long-standing major effects of this has been a double erasure of African photography pioneers, who are poorly represented or underrepresented in institutional archives and have been deprived of historiographical attention; in many cases, their history remains to be written. The article then raises the question of refusals to pose and potential refusals to take photographs. We will see several scattered traces of such evasions of photography. The problem of self-censorship and the very restricted circulation of certain images, particularly those threatening the stability of colonial narratives, will also be studied at this juncture. Finally, the article will take a closer look at the photographs taken by Alex J. Braham. This individual, a district agent in Ogugu (southern Nigeria) for the Royal Niger Company at the turn of the twentieth century, was an eager photographer. His personal album contains several shots of a secret ceremony that he took without the participants’ knowledge, having hidden with his camera in a tent. This example of concealment (not of the image but of the photographic act itself) is also one of the possible manifestations of the invisibilities that have played a major part in forming and deforming photographic imagery of Africa.

The rate of heritage growth in a country is determined by the type of heritage tourism the country develops. The case study focuses on a specialised form of heritage that promotes rapid heritage tourism growth. It argues that diaspora tourism is the future of heritage tourism development in Ghana. Specifically, the need for Ghana to take advantage of diaspora tourism as an opportunity to develop its heritage tourism sector. Two case studies at Cape Coast Castle (CCC) and Bonwire Kente Town (BKT) are presented to disclose the opportunities and flaws of ‘genealogy tourism’ in Ghana, as well as why the government should embrace it. With the view to understanding the main reasons why the Ghanaian government should pursue diaspora tourism, the study has investigated its capabilities to increase awareness of the socio-cultural, historical, economic and community development that can manifest from a proper development, operation, and management of diaspora tourism. The study recommends tha...

Objective:To identify the socio-behavioral risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea symptoms visiting the HIV referral clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 HIV/AIDS patients with recurrent diarrhea. Questionnaires were administered to collect social and behavioral risk factors associated withCryptosporidiumand other opportunistic protozoan parasitic infections in HIV patients. Stool samples were collected for the diagnosis of enteric protozoan pathogens using modified Ziehl-Neelsen and acid-fast staining methods. CD4+cells counts of study subjects were obtained from patients clinical records. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson chi-square and multivariate-adjusted statistics tool on SPSS 16 for Windows.Results:Twenty-seven (54%) of the subjects were infected with enteric protozoan pathogens. The prevalences ofCryptosporidium,CyclosporaandMicrosporidiuminfecti...

This study characterised faecal sludge from public ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines in Cape Coast to assess their potential impact on the environment and to guide the selection of appropriate management solutions. The paper also estimates the amount of beneficial resources wasted due to the lack of a faecal sludge (FS) treatment facility. The study employed a quantitative design involving laboratory analysis of FS sampled from 13 purposively sampled VIP latrines in Cape Coast, Ghana. Sampling activities were carried out in January and February (dry season) and September and October (wet season) of 2015. Samples of unhardened pit latrine sludge were collected from all 13 pit latrines for quality assessment. Physicochemical parameters (moisture content, COD, BOD5, total solids and total volatile solids) of homogenous samples from the surface, middle and bottom of pit contents were analysed following standard procedures. Apart from total solids, all other parameters decreased wit...

Geometric design deficiencies on existing roads would lead to a potential accident, such as an accident happens at the sharp curves, layered pavement conditions, and slippery pavement surface. Road traffic accident has been increasing in the Southern Region of Tigray, of which this area was shown to have alarming rates. According to the Southern Tigray Regional Police, the high figure of road traffic accidents was recorded in Alamata, Mehoni and Hewane districts. This research study focused on the analysis of traffic accidents related to geometric design parameters of the existing asphalt road. While the data for the analysis covered route data, traffic accident report from the police station containing some injuries, crashes, and damage to properties, as well as interviews and questionnaire surveys to people who are directly involved in road travels, are considered. The primary data have mainly covered the geometry of the road which was measured during the site survey, road safety ...

One of the inputs for the economic development of a country is the expansion of a road network, which is important for the transportation of people and freights from place to place. With this expansion, the occurrences of a road traffic accident is increasing in all parts of the world from time to time, killing the lives of many peoples and damage to properties. This problem is growing with the highest rate in sub-Saharan African countries like Ethiopia. The general objective of this study is to identify the hazardous locations of road traffic accidents and suggest countermeasures to mitigate the occurrence of road accidents. The study area was conducted in the East Wollega Zone of Southwestern part of Ethiopia in the Oromia Region. Districts exposed to high traffic volume are sampled using a purposive sampling method. Those sampled districts include Digga, Sibbu Sire, Nekemte town, Wayyu Tuka, Guto Gidda, Gobbu Sayyo, Leka Dullacha, and Jimma Arjo. Road accident data are collected ...

The paper presents empirical results from a cross-sectional survey of car users in the Accra metropolis, regarding their seat belt usage. Primary data was generated through direct road side observations simultaneously with short self-reported attitudinal surveys. The use of seat belt was observed to be impressively higher among surveyed drivers. Seat belt usage is a function of gender, age and levels of education of drivers. In addition, the vehicle usage type, driving location and driving times were critical determinants of seat belt use. The need to ensure drivers’ personal safety and to comply with traffic regulations explain high seat belt use while discomfort and forgetfulness generally explain for non-use of seat belts. The paper cautions against complacency and suggests practical and effective strategies to continuously reduce the dangers associated with road traffic accidents.

Cognitive and affective attributes are the key in any educational endeavor. They seek to give an indication of the extent to which a learner would succeed in a given subject. Given this, the paper examined the cognitive and affective characteristics of History students of the University of Cape Coast, using primary data collected via focus group discussions with a sample of History students selected through random sampling technique. Discussions were transcribed into written text and coded into themes and sub-themes. Commonalities and differences in the key themes have been presented. The study revealed that knowledge traits characterized students' cognitive abilities. The study further found that students have a negative attitude and lack of interest towards History. The results from this study calls for the need to improve the transaction of the History curriculum in the University. It is, therefore, recommended that teachers adopt and use appropriate implementation strategies...

Ghana implemented the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2005 with the intention of providing residents with quality affordable healthcare. Over the past few years, concerns have been raised about the quality of healthcare clients receive. This study assesses the experiences of NHIS subscribers with the quality of care they receive under the scheme by both private and public hospitals. The results from the 56 interviews show that the majority of the subscribers were dissatisfied with the overall quality of healthcare they received in both private and public hospital because of the long waiting hours, the poor attitude of nurses and the demand for payment of additional money. Even though clients who visited the private hospital paid for all services, excluding consultation, their level of satisfaction with the quality of healthcare was relatively higher than those who visited the public hospital. The paper concludes that NHIS clients do not receive the quality of healthcare the scheme promised and this has implications for premium renewals and health-seeking behaviour.

Road traffic accidents (RTA) in developing countries such as Ghana have been identified as one of the major causes of death. It has been classified as the second major cause of death apart from malaria and hence urgent attention is needed to curb this menace. This study was carried out to analyze RTA trends, identify causing factors and propose preventive measures. In the study, primary data was obtained from a survey conducted by randomly administering structured questionnaires to 150 drivers and pedestrians. While secondary data was gathered from RTA records for the past 10 years (2005-2014) obtained from the National Road Safety Commission of Ghana. The key findings from the study show that there is an increase in RTA cases for the past 10 years with population growth through the correlation and regression analyses. The regression model indicates clear positive faster increase in RTA trend with population growth in Ghana. In addition, the regional distribution also shows signific...

Geometric design deficiencies on existing roads would lead to a potential accident, such as an accident happens at the sharp curves, layered pavement conditions, and slippery pavement surface. Road traffic accident has been increasing in the Southern Region of Tigray, of which this area was shown to have alarming rates. According to the Southern Tigray Regional Police, the high figure of road traffic accidents was recorded in Alamata, Mehoni and Hewane districts. This research study focused on the analysis of traffic accidents related to geometric design parameters of the existing asphalt road. While the data for the analysis covered route data, traffic accident report from the police station containing some injuries, crashes, and damage to properties, as well as interviews and questionnaire surveys to people who are directly involved in road travels, are considered. The primary data have mainly covered the geometry of the road which was measured during the site survey, road safety ...

The term accessibility is used in the context of providing equal opportunity to enter into an environment. Much is not known about the accessibility of tourist sites such as castles and forts to people with disabilities. This study sought to examine the accessibility of the Cape Coast and Elmina Castles to people with disabilities through a qualitative approach which involved in-depth interviews and photovoice to collect data. The study revealed that the castles are inaccessible. Though ramps, spacious pathways and handrails in washrooms existed, there was however, no mutual relation between the design of the castles and the concept of accessibility as defined by the Disability Act. The creation of awareness on the rights of the disabled to participate in the tour of castles can perhaps draw the attention of local government authorities and other relevant stakeholders to effect the necessary changes.

Geometric design deficiencies on existing roads would lead to a potential accident, such as an accident happens at the sharp curves, layered pavement conditions, and slippery pavement surface. Road traffic accident has been increasing in the Southern Region of Tigray, of which this area was shown to have alarming rates. According to the Southern Tigray Regional Police, the high figure of road traffic accidents was recorded in Alamata, Mehoni and Hewane districts. This research study focused on the analysis of traffic accidents related to geometric design parameters of the existing asphalt road. While the data for the analysis covered route data, traffic accident report from the police station containing some injuries, crashes, and damage to properties, as well as interviews and questionnaire surveys to people who are directly involved in road travels, are considered. The primary data have mainly covered the geometry of the road which was measured during the site survey, road safety ...

Road accidents are increasing day by day, causing losses to human life and economy. This scenario focuses the necessity of understanding why these accidents occur and how to prevent future ones. Crash prediction models have been developed which are able to correlate accident frequency with infrastructure characteristics and to support the planning and design of countermeasures to enhance road safety. In this paper crash prediction model is developed using Artificial Neural network (ANN). Neural Networks have the ability to describe high complex systems and helps engineers to learn about, all the factors which promotes road crashes. ANN were developed in Python with Keras library. The factors considered in the model are crash data, speed, volume, landuse type, pavement width and condition, shoulder width, number of horizontal curves, vertical curves, intersections and bus stops. Results shows that estimated traffic accidents, based on the input data are close enough to actual road ac...

Tyres are one of the active safety components on vehicles and also considered an important component in the legislative instrument in Ghana. As far as safety is concern, several studies have found out that tyre failure has impact on road traffic accident. This research looked into causes and effect of tyre failure on road traffic accidents on commercial vehicles in the Takoradi Township in the western region of Ghana as a case study. Survey research method was used in collecting data. Four hundred and fifty (450) questionnaires were personally administered to commercial drivers in the study area. The study found out that there were four major causes of tyre failure: over-inflation, under-inflation, wear and overloading of vehicles. The result further shows that tyres fail on the road, because more than 89 percent of drivers in the metropolis are not familiar with tyre information and most especially legal requirement on the minimum tyre tread depth in millimetres as enshrined in the...

This study was carried out to analyse the poverty status of dry fish vendor households in Lower Cross River Basin, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to; estimate the mean expenditure on basic consumption items of fish vendor households, determine the influence of socio-economic characteristics of the respondents on their poverty status and estimate the determinants of poverty amongst fish vendor households. Primary data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Logistic regression). The monthly mean per adult equivalent household expenditure of the households was $29.78 (N 4,764.48) out of which poverty line of $ 9.93 (N1, 588.16) was estimated. Results of FGT decomposition revealed that poverty incidence for the study area is 0.569. The head count index was calculated at 56.9 % while poverty gap was 48.0%. Logistic regression result showed that except for age, and marital status, all other explanatory variables were found to be significant predictors...

Abstract- The study explored the experiences and characteristics of history student teachers as they are admitted into the history teacher education programme in the University of Cape Coast. The study surveyed 16 history student teachers, 3 lecturers and Twenty four (24) practising teachers. A combination of purposive sampling and census methods, stratified sampling and snowball sampling techniques were respectively used for the study. The results showed that candidate who chose to pursue teacher education in history at the university of Cape Coast had some teaching experience mostly at the basic level and have taught history related subjects. Also student teacher candidates had good grades in history as well as had good aggregates before enrolling into the programme. Again individuals who intend pursuing the programme also had interest in the study of history.

The study explored the experiences and characteristics of history student teachers as they are admitted into the history teacher education programme in the University of Cape Coast. The study surveyed 16 history student teachers, 3 lecturers and Twenty four (24) practising teachers. A combination of purposive sampling and census methods, stratified sampling and snowball sampling techniques were respectively used for the study. The results showed that candidate who chose to pursue teacher education in history at the university of Cape Coast had some teaching experience mostly at the basic level and have taught history related subjects. Also student teacher candidates had good grades in history as well as had good aggregates before enrolling into the programme. Again individuals who intend pursuing the programme also had interest in the study of history. .

It is evident from the literature that financial education and financial training fail in South Africa, which results in tertiary institutions sending their students into the world with a lack of preparedness for the financial challenges that await them. The problem with this study is that before interventions can be designed, a thorough understanding of the needs of students is important. Therefore, the purpose of this case study is to evaluate the financial literacy needs of third-year students at a South African university. The research fulfills the purpose by means of a survey, where a questionnaire was developed to first evaluate the socio-economic environment and exposure to the world of finance and then the financial literacy of 424 students who participated in this study. The contribution of this study is, first, that with the existing literature as a basis and a cluster analysis of the results, a new suitable questionnaire to evaluate financial literacy was developed for th...

PurposePersonal financial stress-free living is desired by many, which dwells on sound financial literacy (including financial behaviour, financial knowledge and financial attitude). Many individuals do not make optimal savings and investment decisions. The realisation that these choices may well lead to low living standards has also increased economic anxiety, especially in Sub-Sahara African countries, including Ghana. Thus, this study underscores the link between financial literacy and financial distress in Ghana. It establishes whether persons that are financially literate escape financial distress in their life.Design/methodology/approachThe paper engages nationally representative survey data and adopts a positivist research approach with logistic regression analysis to establish the likelihood of financial literate persons experiencing financial distress.FindingsThis study establishes that financially literate individuals are 2.4% less likely to experience financial distress. ...