Career Counselling

Anormal Psikoloji kitabı, ruhsal bozukluklar alanında çalışan tüm profesyoneller, psikiyatristler, klinik psikologlar, psikologlar, psikolojik danışmanlar, hekimler, sosyal hizmet uzmanları, psikiyatri hemşireleri ve bu alanlarda öğrenci yetiştiren akademisyenler ile eğitim alan öğrenciler için temel bir başvuru kitabıdır.
2013 yılının Mayısı ayında yayımlanan DSM-5 ölçütlerine göre ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili sunulan bilgilerin güncellemesinin de yapıldığı bu kitap, tüm dünyada pek çok üniversitenin psikiyatri ve psikoloji bölümlerinde ders kitabı olarak okutulmaktadır.
Kitabın her bölümünde, ilk olarak ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili vakalar sunulmakta, daha sonra bozuklukların klinik tanıları yapılmakta ve DSM-IV-TR’den farklı olan DSM-5’te yapılan değişikliklere yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca, DSM-5’teki tanı ölçütleri, bozuklukların etiyolojisi ve epidemiyolojisi, bozukluklar üzerinde kalıtımın ve çevrenin etkileri, biyolojik ve sosyal ve kültürel etkiler, en güncel araştırmalardan elde edilen verilerle harmanlanarak sunulmaktadır. Ruhsal bozuklukların tedavisinde etkili olacak terapi yaklaşımları ve ilaçla yapılan tedaviler hakkında da bilgiler veren kitap, sahip olduğu zengin içeriği ile eşsiz bir kaynaktır.
Anormal Psikoloji kitabının; profesyoneller ve öğrenciler için önemli bir rehber olacağına, yardıma ihtiyaç duyan insanların sorunlarının çözümüne, ruhsal bozuklukların tanı ve tedavisinde önemli katkılar sağlayacağına inanıyoruz.

Career guidance for students, particularly in rural areas is a challenging issue in India. In the present era
of digitalization, there is a need of an automated system that can analyze a student for his/her capabilities,
suggest a career and provide related information. Keeping in mind the requirement, the present paper is an
effort in this direction. In this paper, a fuzzy based conceptual framework has been suggested. It has two
parts; in the first part a students will be analyzed for his/her capabilities and in the second part the
available courses, job aspects related to their capabilities will be suggested. To analyze a student, marks
in various subject in 10+2 standards and vocational interest in different fields have been considered and
fuzzy sets have been formed. On example basis, fuzzy inference rules have been framed for analyzing the
abilities in engineering, medical and hospitality fields only. In second part, concept of composition of
relations has been used to suggest the related courses and jobs.

Often, in spite of having the right set of qualifications, technical skills and experiences, certain candidates fails to impress the interviewers during job-interviews. There is no denying of the fact that when it comes to finally secure a job; almost everything depends upon the candidate’s performance during the interview process. Therefore, besides recognizing the importance of interviews; it is also widely believed that with proper understanding, preparation and practice, a person’s interview skills and employability can be greatly enhanced. With this objective, this article brings forth a valuable compilation of 25 important interview questions and suggestions for their effective answering. Most of the questions selected here are basically collected and shortlisted through a process of focus group discussion. The questions are general and contemporary in nature and are mostly suitable for junior to middle-level management positions, across various private sector organizations in India.

The study examined factors influencing career decisions using a sample of high school learners in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A mixed-method approach was utilised. In the quantitative phase of the study, a sample of 536 high school learners in South Africa filled out the Career Interest Inventory (Fisher & Stafford, 1999) in understanding factors that influence career decisions. Phase two sought to understand qualitatively how the identified factors from phase one influence the enactment of career decisions using focus groups with 60 learners drawn from the sample in phase one. Results from phase one showed that learners' career decisions were highly influenced by academic experiences and self-efficacy, parents, teachers, and peers, respectively. Learners perceived ethnic-gender expectations and negative social events as having low levels of influence when making career decisions. Female learners are significantly more highly influenced by parents, teachers, academic experiences, and self-efficacy than their male counterparts. Findings also reveal not only the complexity but also the sense-making that occurs when making career decisions. Implications are made based on these findings.

... 2005; Cabrera & La Nasa, 2000, 2001; McDonough, 2005b; Perna, 2000; Perna et al., 2008). Although there has been much written about the influence of school counselors on the college choice process, there is limited empirical evidence with large samples Julia Bryan, ...

Η εκθετική πλέον εφαρμογή και χρήση των νέων τεχνολογιών στην υγεία είναι ένα ευρύτερα αποδεκτό συμπέρασμα από ειδικούς και μη. Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη, Μηχανική Μάθηση, Νανοτεχνολογίες, Τρισδιάστατα εκτυπωμένα φάρμακα, Ρομποτική Ιατρική και πολλές ακόμη τεχνολογίες, ήδη εφαρμόσιμες ή σε ερευνητικό ακόμα επίπεδο, διαμορφώνουν την επόμενη μέρα στην Υγεία επαναπροσδιορίζοντας τα σχετικά πλαίσια στη συνδεόμενη βιομηχανία, στις συναφείς υπηρεσίες, στο έργο των επαγγελματιών αλλά και στη σύνθεση των ειδικοτήτων που εμπλέκονται πλέον στον κλάδο της Υγείας. Αναμενόμενα λοιπόν, όπως σε κάθε αλλαγή σε οποιοδήποτε επιστημονικό ή άλλο κλάδο, προκύπτουν άμεσα ζητήματα άλλοτε νομικού και ηθικού περιεχομένου και άλλοτε έμμεσα κοινωνικών ή εκπαιδευτικών προτεραιοτήτων. Όλα τους, σε κάθε περίπτωση, με μια κεντρική αποστολή: Να εξετάσουν την νέα πραγματικότητα και τις νέες ανάγκες και απαιτήσεις που επιφέρει μια αλματώδης αλλαγή. Ωστόσο, τίθεται εύλογα το ερώτημα αν όντως αυτές οι αλλαγές στο χώρο της Υγείας είναι σε τεχνολογικό επίπεδο πράγματι τόσο μεγάλες, αν θα συνεχιστούν αμείωτες και αν, στην παρούσα φάση, οι εμπλεκόμενοι φορείς και στελέχη οφείλουν όχι μόνο να τις διαχειριστούν επιτυχώς αλλά και να προνοήσουν για την επόμενη μέρα. Μια συνοπτική εικόνα μπορούν να μας αποδώσουν ορισμένες τεχνολογικές εφαρμογές που ήδη είναι ευδιάκριτες στο εξωτερικό αλλά και στη χώρα μας ορισμένες από αυτές.

Using social capital theory as a framework, the authors examined data from the Educational Longitudinal Study (ELS: 2002) to examine how student contact with high school counselors about college information and other college-related variables influence students’ college application rates. In addition to some college related variables, the number of school counselors, and student contact were significant predictors of college application rates.  Implications for school counselors and counselor training are included.

This study is based on the analysis of narratives during counselling sessions of two clients facing the problem of stuttering. Though the two cases were quite different with regard to their demographic characteristics, but during counselling sessions, both the clients reported emotionally devastating and stressful home environment during childhood. Both the clients had reported undergoing childhood traumatic experiences of being abused and mistreated by their parents, especially by their father. The clients were clearly of the opinion that their father’s abusive behaviour infused in them a sense of acute fear, insecurity and mistrust regarding relationships. After initial few counselling sessions the clients narratives made it clear that their stuttering was more acute when they had to face their father.  These revelations suggested a strong relationship between traumatic childhood experiences /child abuse and stuttering. Parents are the key source of strength and confidence for a child. Parents are like the boat through which the child explores the vast ocean of life and develops his own personality. He/she looks towards his parents whenever he finds himself/herself in trouble perceived or real. But when the same source of strength and confidence becomes a source of fear or anxiety, it has a detrimental impact on not only the overall development of personality but also on the other cognitive capabilities including the fluency of speech.
The earlier studies in the field have primarily focused on the role of genetic factors in the aetiology of stuttering. On the basis of the analysis of narratives of the clients, we strongly believe that it will be misleading to lay overemphasis on genetic factors and to undermine the role of early childhood traumatic experiences in the aetiology of stuttering. Since chronic stress has been found to have a detrimental effect on various cognitive abilities, including the processing of speech and language, it has been argued that stress generated by early childhood traumatic experiences plays a key role in aetiology of stuttering. The effectiveness of CBT in significantly minimizing the problem of stuttering is indicative of the role of psychological factors.

Sociology as a Career  discusses the various career options available to a budding sociologist. It was presented at Two Day workshop in memory of Late Prof.Anjan Ghosh  on Sociology as a discipline and &  a profession in the 21st century " organized by the Department of Sociology, The University of Burdwan(28th&29th March ,2018)

Abstract 1. A general theoretical taxonomy of career decision-making difficulties, based on decision theory, has been developed. To examine the proposed taxonomy empirically, a questionnaire was constructed in which the various possible difficulties in the theoretical model were represented by respective statements.

Subjects: Career education, homeroom, citizenship, health, science, computer science
Grade level: Middle school, high school, college, career. This is a student-centered activity that will work with all four levels.
Distance learning: Yes, this activity can be adapted to use in an electronic classroom.
Time for this lesson: 50 minutes

Content goals:
    • Students will be aware of STEM and STEAM and what they stand for.
    • Students will be aware of how varied the paths to a profession are in real life.

Skills taught:
    • Quick reading for interest.
    • Identifying unknown vocabulary in readings.
    • Creative writing.
    • Public reading.
    • Critical thinking during group discussion.

Bu çalışma KÖK – Kişiye Özel Kariyer Modelinin içinde yer alan “Kariyer Check Up” isimli uygulamanın iş ve yaşam kalitesine olan etkisi araştırılmak üzere yapılmıştır. Hızla değişen dünyanın beklentilerimizle birlikte karakterimizde yarattığı farklılıklar hem hayatımızı hem de kariyerimizi doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bilginin ışık hızıyla yayıldığı günümüzde modern insanın en önemli ihtiyaçlarından birisi koçluk ve koçluğun hayatımıza dokunması gereken yerlerden birisi de şüphesiz ki kariyer. Meslek ve firma sayısının fazlalığı, kişinin kendini iyi tanıyamaması, gelişmeleri takip etmekte zorlanması gibi birçok faktör bireylerin kariyer seçimlerini yapmasında dezavantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda ortaya çıkmış ve başarılı sonuçlar alınmış olan “Kariyer Check Up” isimli uygulama detaylı olarak çalışmamızda incelenecektir.

A reference work for specialists in student counselling and for those who employ counsellors in mental health services. It provides an analysis of research in this area and provides useful information on the extent and severity of student mental health problems and the effectiveness of counselling and psychotherapy across the student population. This is the first publication to systematically identify, assess and review research in this area.

Kajian ini bertujuan mendapatkan kesahan kandungan Modul Penyesuaian Pemikiran Kerjaya (PPK CIP). Modul ini dibina berdasarkan pendekatan Teori Cognitive Information Processing (CIP). Teori CIP menyediakan suatu rangka kerja untuk individu agar berkeupayaan dalam menyelesaikan masalah kerjaya dan seterusnya membolehkan mereka membuat keputusan kerjaya. Matlamat utama CIP adalah untuk membantu individu memperoleh kemahiran dalam membuat keputusan kerjaya. Kajian fasa pertama dilakukan untuk membina draf modul menerusi kajian kepustakaan dan temu bual guru bimbingan dan kaunseling.
Kajian fasa kedua pula ialah mendapatkan kesahan muka dan kesahan kandungan modul.Manakala, kajian fasa ketiga adalah
untuk mendapatkan pandangan serta komen panel pakar dari aspek kandungan modul dan sesi serta aktiviti Modul PPK - CIP. Sampel kajian adalah terdiri daripada kalangan pakar di dalam bidang psikologi dan kaunseling. Dapatan fasa pertama menghasilkan 8 sesi dan 23 aktiviti di dalam Modul PPK-CIP.
Manakala dapatan fasa kedua menunjukkan nilai kesahan kandungan modul mengikut Russel (1974) dan didapati nilai kesahan sesi dan aktiviti Modul PPK-CIP adalah sebanyak 85.83.
Manakala,dapatan fasa ketiga menunjukkan maklum balas dan penambahbaikan modul dari aspek kandungan, sesi dan aktiviti oleh panel pakar. Implikasinya dapat mengetahui aspek manakah dalam Modul PPK- CIP yang perlu dibuat penambah baikan sebelum Modul PPK-CIP digunakan semasa sesi kaunseling dan bimbingan kelompok kerjaya di sekolah. Justeru, hasil Modul PPK-CIP boleh dilanjutkan dengan membuat kajian rintis Modul PPK- CIP terhadap pelajar yang menghadapi pemikiran kerjaya disfungsi.
Kata Kunci:Analisis kesahan, pemikiran kerjaya disfungsi,modul, Cognitive Information Processing, Modul Penyesuaian Pemikiran Kerjaya (PPK-CIP)

This study investigated the effects of career guidance method and career counselling method on student’s vocational maturity. The main purpose of the study is to find out which of the two purposed techni1ques will best facilitate the development of vocational maturity among secondary school adolescents in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Two research questions were raised to guide the study and one hypothesis was formulated. The study was a quasi-experimental design of pre-test and post-test two experimental groups. The instrument used was an adopted inventory used by Kuti in 1979. The inventory was named Career Development Inventory (CDI). The validation of the instrument was re-established with reliability co-efficient of 74, 76 and 80 respectively in the sub-scale A, B, C. Treatments were done in two different schools. Career Guidance Technique (CGT) was used in school A, while, Career Counselling Technique (CCT) was used in school B, Career Development Inventory (CDI) was used as measure of vocational maturity at pre-test and post-test. Based on data collected and analysed, the results revealed general improvement in the students’ vocational maturity after treatment. The study also revealed that Career Counselling Technique (CCT) improve vocational maturity better than Career Guidance Technique (CGT). But both (CCT) and (CGT) help in the improvement of vocational maturity of students. Vocational or career guidance and counselling programme should be made compulsory in all secondary schools in Ekiti State.

The term competencies (singular competency) has become widely used in Human Resources
management and recently in training and career guidance. The aim of this article is to discuss its
origin and evolution and the implications for career guidance.

Using the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, we examined the probability of students attending college by taking into account their 10th- and 12th-grade exposure to college expectations from and college-related interactions with school staff. Our results suggest that college expectations and college-related interactions with their school counselors, teachers, and coaches had a modest impact on students’ odds of enrolling in college, considering the large impact of taking advanced courses and completing college admissions tests.

The science of psychology is believed to consist of objective and meaningful knowledge about a realm of our own direct experiencing with which we are all intimate and familiar, yet about which we also feel we have very little understanding, and no real insight, and so feel inclined to submit to psychology as if it were revelatory and definitive. Society’s default attitude to psychology is one of deferential, if occasionally grudging, respect. The quasi-medical arm of psychology – psychotherapy - is accorded a similar authority even when it appears to employ questionable methods and dubious reasoning. Yet our submissive, compliant attitude to these disciplines is deeply counterproductive to any serious quest for authentic metaphysical knowledge and self-fulfilment, because it effectively neutralises sceptical enquiry and intellectual self-reliance, both of which are essential precursors to, and indispensable features of, any meaningful commitment to metaphysical gnosis. And if one is to achieve clarity of thought and observational accuracy, it is especially important to approach one’s psychological capacities directly – without intermediary - in an independent and self-reliant spirit, free of the misguided and inappropriate interventions of psychology and psychotherapy, however well intended they might be. One should never allow one’s judgement to be distorted by specious theories formulated by people who can never know more about you than you can know about yourself.

There has been a push recently for counsellors to play advocacy roles for welfare of their clients, society and for their profession. Counsellors can be effective advocates as they have knowledge of dynamics of human behaviour and development. For counsellors to play effective advocacy roles, it is imperative to have knowledge and skills related to advocacy.  However, current scenario in India is not very encouraging as counselling as a profession is still in nascent stage. Training programmes in counselling in Indian universities and colleges have ignored or paid a lip service to multiculturalism and advocacy aspects of this profession. There is an immediate need to include these into curriculum and more emphasis should be given on imparting practical exposure to students.

This extensive literature review is the initial report of an empirical exploration of the long-term effects of career education interventions involving 7,000 Canadian youth in three provinces.

To ensure the construction of the most appropriate analytical models reflecting the latest evidence on successful career development strategies for youth, SRDC has examined the existing literature to consider (a) the stages of youth decision making and the key influences at each stage, (b) the role of career education in supporting post-secondary decisions, and (c) the kinds of career education resources available, taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of these sources.

Εδώ και αρκετά χρόνια σε ερευνητικό επίπεδο αλλά και στην επιστημονική και επαγγελματική πραγματικότητα, αναδύεται ο ρόλος της διεπιστημονικότητας και η αξία της τόσο σε επίπεδο σπουδών όσο και σε επίπεδο γνωστικών, επιστημονικών και εργασιακών δεξιοτήτων.
Η διεπιστημονικότητα αφορά στο γόνιμο συνδυασμό γνώσεων και δεξιοτήτων από διαφορετικά επιστημονικά πεδία και τομείς προκειμένου ο απόφοιτος να διαθέτει ευρύτερο πλέγμα γνώσεων και δεξιοτήτων, ικανό να ανταπεξέλθει επιτυχώς στους συνθέτους εργασιακούς ρόλους που διαμορφώνονται στο πέρασμα των χρόνων

The present study will argue that career guidance and counselling (CGC) policy, practice and research all need to be adequately contextualized and developed taking into account the social and cultural specificities of the environments they occur in. An important element in this is the training and development of the CGC profession, which needs to  adopt an
interdisciplinary approach, building on the diverse academic and work experiences of the practitioners in this field. At the same time, a crucial element to be incorporated in the
training and in the practice is the self-reflection. The practitioners need to critically reflect upon the values, ethics and experiences they bring into the relationship with the individuals using career services, as well as on the broader discourse(s) their practice is immersed in.

The focus of the M.S. in Addiction Counseling program is on the skills students need to support people who are dealing with substance abuse (drugs and alcohol) and addictive behaviors related to gambling, exercising, technology, and pornography. Coursework provides an overview of history, theories, and trends in the addiction counseling field. Students examine the factors that put individuals at risk for developing addictions, and they study how to treat addictions that may coexist with other mental health issues, such as anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive behavior. By analyzing various diagnostic and assessment tools, students learn best practices for conducting clinical evaluations to identify and address addictive disorders.

Yalın girişimciliğin ve startup'ların gelişimi, vizyon ve inovatif düşünme yeteneğine sahip bireylere bağlıdır. Girişimcilerin kazancı, yüksek büyümeyi hızlandırmaları için verileri kullanmayı öğrenerek müşteri etkileşimini artırması bakımından çok önemlidir. Bu amaçla, yalın girişimcilik alanında önemli danışmanlardan olan Brant Cooper ve Patrick Vlaskovits, bu kitabı kaleme alarak girişimciliğin inovatif yönüne vurgu yapmış ve alana katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Yazarlar bu kitapta, teknolojinin içinde ve dışında faaliyet gösteren onlarca girişimci ve startup fitma sahipleri ile görüşerek çeşitli vaka incelemelerini paylaşmışlardır.
Yeni bir girişimin oluşumunun ilk aşamalarında belirsizlik vardır. Ancak bu belirsizlik karşısında tahmin ve planlama gibi geleneksel müdahaleler artık yeterli gelmemektedir. İşte Yalın Girişim, tam da bu noktada devreye girmektedir. Bu kitapla Yalın Girişimcilere inovasyon odaklı, bilimsel verilere dayanan, test ve deneylerle ölçümlenebilir yeni bir yönetim anlayışı aktarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kitap vasıtasıyla girişimciler; müşterilerle nasıl iletişim kurulacağını, denemelerin nasıl gerçekleştirileceğini ve iş girişimlerinde elverişli verilerin nasıl kullanılması gerektiğini öğrenip bu doğrultuda girişimlerine inovasyon katabileceklerdir.
Bu kitap, kurumların işletme modellerine ilişkin zorlukların belirlenip bunlar üzerinde çalışılmasını sağlayacak yeni düşünme biçimleri, araçlar ve aktiviteler sunmaktadır. Startup'ın ne olduğu, bu doğrultuda vizyon, değerler ve kültürün etkileri üzerinde yeni bir vizyon vermektedir. Ayrıca inovatif bir vizyon için müşteri etkileşimi ve yalınlık, uygulanan gerçek vaka incelemeleriyle detaylandırılmıştır. Bu bakımdan Yalın Girişimci kitabının, sistemli ve inovatif bir girişimin oluşmasına rehberlik etmesi açısından okunması gerekir. Kitap sadece yeni girişimciler için değil, aynı zamanda üniversitelerde girişimcilik kültürü kapsamında da değerlendirilmesi gereken bir kaynaktır. Ayrıca, işletmelerde özellikle araştırma ve inovasyon odaklı çalışmalara önem veren şirket sahiplerinin ve yöneticilerin başvuru kitabı olarak değerlendirebilecekleri bir referans niteliği de taşımaktadır.

Άρθρο σχετικά με την ασύγχρονη και εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση.  Η εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση κερδίζει όλοένα και μεγαλύτερο έδαφος.  Πλήθος επιλογών και πανεπιστημίων παρουσιάζονται αναλυτικά στο άρθρο αυτό, καθώς επίσης και τα κριτήρια αναγνώρισης των εν λόγω τίτλων σπουδών από τον Δ.Ο.Α.Τ.Α.Π. και το ΚΥ.Σ.Α.Τ.Σ.  Μπορείτε να δείτε το άρθρο στον σύνδεσμο: https://www.eduguide.gr/arthra/spoydes-e3-apostasews-h-lysh-toy-mellontos/

New article about distance learning all over the world, especially in Europe.  In this document, wirtten in greek, you can find details about greek and european universities that offer distance education within new pedagogical methods.  You can read the article by clicking the link above.

The purpose of the present study is to examine the career decision-making profile of
the adolescent students of the public high schools of Cyprus by applying the Career
Decision-Making Profiles (CDMP) questionnaire of Gati, Landman, Davidovitch,
Peretz-Asulin, & Gadassi (2010). The development of the CDMP suggests that an
individual’s career decision making process can be better described by a
multidimensional profile instead of a single decision-making style or a dominant
characteristic. Using the data of 421 students, who were about to make a career choice,
the results of the survey revealed eight dimensions for the Greek-Cypriot version of
CDMP scale. The findings construct a multidimensional profile characterization of an
individual’s career decision making processes: (1) “Information gathering and
processing-Effort invested in the process”, (2) “Desire to please others-Dependence on
others”, (3) “Speed of making the final decision”, (4) “Consulting with others”, (5)
“Aspiration for an ideal occupation”, (6) “Locus of control”, (7) “Willingness to
compromise”, (8) “Procrastination”. Using the T-test, we will discuss significant
gender differences in the eight dimensions of the CDMP.
Keywords: Career Assessment, Career Counseling, Career Decision-making process, Secondary Education.

Career counseling is a very important thing in the lives of people today. Your abilities, interests, circumstances, the skills that you already have as well as your personality are all factors that work hand in hand in determining the career path that you will take. Sometime making such a decision on your own is not easy, which is why people seek the help of a career counselor.

Over the last few decades, youth aspirations and post-school transitions have become the focus of much research, particularly in economically-developed countries such as Australia. In October 2010, Australia’s National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education organised and held a conference with the theme ‘Aspiration, Mobility, Voice’. The event was followed by a special issue of Critical Studies in Education (CSIE), which included articles and discussion notes by the contributors and keynote speakers of the conference. The main aim of the CSIE special issue was to enhance thinking on efforts to widen participation in higher education (HE) and improve student equity (Gale 2011). Its authors discussed new ideas and opinions about student equity in HE (Sellar and Gale 2011), with an emphasis on disadvantaged students (Parry 2011). A number of contributors highlighted how, despite good intentions, the modern conceptualisation of ‘aspiration’ risks establishing disadvantaged young peo ...

Although musicians have always had portfolio careers, the discourse in conservatoires around training musicians specifically for portfolio careers is relatively new. This is partly because of increasing opportunities in the workplace for entrepreneurial and multi-faceted musicians and partly – in the UK at least – because of educational policy and practice. This article incorporates narratives provided by professional portfolio musicians and students and teachers at a single conservatoire in the UK, to illustrate disjunctures between the expectations fostered by conservatoires undergoing changes in their culture and the lived experiences of teachers and students responding, in real time, to changes both within the conservatoire and in the wider society. One of the key findings of the research is that teachers and students have qualitatively different conceptions of what it means for students to be trained for portfolio careers. The paper concludes by considering the implications of ...

A visit to the St. Sophia of Istanbul is like a visit to the nearly 2000 year old history of the city itself. The church is one the finest & most famous examples of Byzantine architecture in the world. It is located in the heart of old Istanbul, next to the also famous Blue Mosque, in the Sultan Ahmet Square of Istanbul. The above photograph above shows the actual view of the Hagia Sophia Church Museum (Aya Sofya Muzesi) as it appears in Istanbul today. Four minarets have been added to Hagia Sophia, after the Ottomans captured Constantinople at 1453 and converted the building from a church into the mosque. Today, Saint Sophia is neither a Church nor a Mosque, but a museum that is open to the public. The Hagia Sophia was built as a Constantinian Church by the emperor Justinian I, between A.D. 532 and 537 and at the time, it was estimated to be the largest covered space in the world. Its architects were Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles. It was built in only five years. On May 558, the dome of the church collapsed due to a December 557 earthquake, and though a new dome was quickly rebuilt afterwards.Hagia Sophia is a Greek phrase that means 'Holy Wisdom'. This ancient basilica was also called Saint Sophia. The Turks call it 'Aya Sofya Muzesi' (Hagia Sophia Museum) or in short, Ayasofya. After its construction ended, Hagia Sophia served as a Church for the following nine centuries, until  Constantinople was invaded and taken over by the Ottomans on the 29th of May, 1453. After this date, the Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque.
Then in 1935, during the first years of the Republic of Turkey, the Mosque was secularized and made into a museum under the direction of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, founder of the Turkish Republic.    It became a national museum, as it remains today.