Professional Career Trends

Career education is an inseparable part of general education. In many countries a very big attention is paid to this. In Lithuania after 1990, a qualitatively new career education system has been started to be created, the development of which was not consistent and systematic during the whole period up to 2017. From a scientific point of view, most of the attention was paid to the analysis and estimation of the learners’ opinion, however much less attention was paid to career professionals’ position. Career professional’s position has been established in Lithuania since January 1st, 2017. However, such specialist preparation, their qualification questions, employment in education establishments, and career education process organisation and realisation remains problematic.
A qualitative / pilot research, carried out between February-March 2017, was focused on the career professionals’ (43) position on career questions analysis. It was sought to analyse career education situation in comprehensive schools, grounding the analysis on career professionals’ position.
It has been established, that career education has the greatest importance on students’ professional decision formation, and professional decision demand is the most important. Career actualisation demand is also important, because it helps the students understand career importance, encourages the students of low motivation to be interested in their career. Career education process organisation factors most frequently cause difficulties for career education: one encounters organisational difficulties, career education episodicity is experienced.
It has been stated, that resultivity of career education in a comprehensive school is high, because students’ professional decision is improved, motivation, responsibility are strengthened, abilities, competencies are educated, knowledge and information are provided. However, seeking to improve career education at school, it is necessary to raise specialists’ qualification and to establish a full-time position.

In post-modern society where rapid economic, social and political changes take place, career planning and management becomes more and more urgent every day. The mentioned changes are not necessarily positive or providing only all-round benefit. The environment becomes turbulent, in general sense; therefore it is natural that career environment, basically, is chaotic as well. Nevertheless, career for many people is, undoubtedly, very important, because it is directly related to life quality. Professional activity satisfies almost all human needs: physiological, safety, social, attainment, self-realisation, independence, autonomy and other. The efficiency of the mentioned activity and the ability of the personality to construct his career are closely related things.
Seeking to analyse university student position regarding career questions, a written form survey was carried out. The research was carried out between September and December, 2014.  The research sample (265) was structured applying a consecutive ‘bunch’ system. The respondents from three Lithuanian universities Klaipėda, Vilnius and Šiauliai, were selected in the sample. Professional career parameters were evaluated: career conception, the importance of work values and abilities, study influence, promoting and limiting factors and personal traits. The research is grounded on a mixed strategy, when quantitative and qualitative research approach is combined. The obtained results, based on qualitative analysis, about professional personal career promoting and limiting factors and personal traits are presented in this research.

Often, in spite of having the right set of qualifications, technical skills and experiences, certain candidates fails to impress the interviewers during job-interviews. There is no denying of the fact that when it comes to finally secure a job; almost everything depends upon the candidate’s performance during the interview process. Therefore, besides recognizing the importance of interviews; it is also widely believed that with proper understanding, preparation and practice, a person’s interview skills and employability can be greatly enhanced. With this objective, this article brings forth a valuable compilation of 25 important interview questions and suggestions for their effective answering. Most of the questions selected here are basically collected and shortlisted through a process of focus group discussion. The questions are general and contemporary in nature and are mostly suitable for junior to middle-level management positions, across various private sector organizations in India.

Germany likely employs Europe’s largest national lobby labor force. This article presents a comprehensive study of German lobbyists’ workplaces and employer expectations of competencies. It provides insights into emerging requirements for a qualified workforce in a diversified job market.
Drawing on multiple sources of statistics, surveys and cases, a first section examines staffing and entry routes for the main employer types – associations, corporations and consultancies. The job market offers a broad range of career options. This includes an emerging set of junior training programs. German employers have devised fully-paid apprenticeship models as structured practical learning schemes where rotating workplace assignments alternate with seminar learning. Some employers partner in training alliances. Traineeships are tailor-made and unregulated, but their existence points to a growing employer interest in formally developing a talent base and professionalism.
A second section offers a job market snapshot based on 189 advertisements from 2012 to 2014. Job ads can be assumed to be an objective measure of employers’ articulated intentions and expectations for a quality pool of applicants. The survey tabulates preferences for experience, academic degrees, knowledge areas, personal, social and method competencies, and specific political expert skills. Results demonstrate a complex interplay of qualifications and requirements. Ads also show great variety and ambiguity, suggesting that lobbying lacks standardized job classifications and a stable common vocabulary.
Findings show that organizational settings influence task and competency combinations expressed in job ads. While all employers appear to follow similar recruiting patterns in regard to some qualifications, they also differ. For example, associations and businesses place more emphasis on policy concepts, organizational participation, coordination, administration, and direct representation than do consultancies, while the latter stress advisory roles and strategizing. Corporations get less involved in campaign advocacy. Associations focus on members. Consulting firms tend to recruit younger, less experienced staff, and to less often request domain knowledge. Highlighting commonalities and differences, this paper may help stimulate discussion on explicating employers’ competency-based human capital management and recruiting practices.
The results may help develop guidelines for apprenticeship schemes, continuing education, organized efforts of professional bodies and university curricula.

This guide for students, graduates, and professionals who are interested in working in India features authoritative information on all important aspects of going to India for employment. With this publication Knowledge Must offers a complete resource on India's challenging job market for foreigners. In addition to answering the most pressing questions, the guide features valuable insights ranging from logistics such as visa procedures and accommodation arrangements to cultural background information and inspiration for how to spend one's leisure time.

This qualitative study investigated the lived experiences of highly sensitive persons (HSPs) to better understand the way they experience careers.  Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is the underlying personality trait and is present in approximately 20 percent of the population, equally distributed across gender and racial lines.  SPS is considered a non-normative personality trait in some Western societies and subcultures.  Thus, many HSPs experience difficulty finding an appropriate match between innate temperament and career.   
This qualitative research perspective employed semi-structured interviews with 35 participants recruited through social media web sites and snowball sampling.  Participants in the study were primarily from the U.S., but also from five foreign countries.  Participants were chosen based on answers to a recruitment questionnaire and Elaine Aron’s HSP Self-Test.  Major findings reveal a complex, interwoven dynamic interplay between nine major themes: (1) empathy, (2) childhood’s influence, (3) self-care, (4) a rich inner life, (5) creativity, (6) high sensation-seeking, (7) the sociological perspective, (8) the experience of work, and (9) the integral being.  The significance of this study is that it is the first of its kind to investigate this topic in a systematic, scientific manner.

Bu çalışma KÖK – Kişiye Özel Kariyer Modelinin içinde yer alan “Kariyer Check Up” isimli uygulamanın iş ve yaşam kalitesine olan etkisi araştırılmak üzere yapılmıştır. Hızla değişen dünyanın beklentilerimizle birlikte karakterimizde yarattığı farklılıklar hem hayatımızı hem de kariyerimizi doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bilginin ışık hızıyla yayıldığı günümüzde modern insanın en önemli ihtiyaçlarından birisi koçluk ve koçluğun hayatımıza dokunması gereken yerlerden birisi de şüphesiz ki kariyer. Meslek ve firma sayısının fazlalığı, kişinin kendini iyi tanıyamaması, gelişmeleri takip etmekte zorlanması gibi birçok faktör bireylerin kariyer seçimlerini yapmasında dezavantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda ortaya çıkmış ve başarılı sonuçlar alınmış olan “Kariyer Check Up” isimli uygulama detaylı olarak çalışmamızda incelenecektir.

This publication offers you a complete resource on China's challenging job market for foreigners. In addition to answering the most pressing questions, the guide features valuable insights ranging from logistics such as visa procedures and accommodation arrangements to cultural background information and inspiration for how to spend one's leisure time.

Purpose - This paper has two goals. The first is to develop a conceptual framework for analyzing the strategies of internationally mobile professionals in managing barriers to their career development. This framework is developed using Duberley et al.’s (2006) and Richardson’s (2009) concept of ‘modes of engagement’. The second goal is to better understand the nature of the careers that ethnic minority migrants undertake.

Keywords Career, Migrants, Self-Initiated Expatriates, Ethnicity

Paper type Research paper

The term ‘profession’ derives from the Latin word ‘profiteor’ meaning to profess.  Professionalisation, is the process whereby a gainful activity moves from the status of ‘occupation’ to the status of ‘profession’.  Claims for professional status and the emergence of standards and awards are typical of the journey that occupations make (or attempt to make) towards professionalisation.  However, some occupations fall short of the mark or, at best, become semi-professions with shorter training, less specialised knowledge; and more societal (state) control.  If coaching is to become a profession it must adopt criteria such as the development of an agreed and unified body of knowledge, professional standards and qualifications, and codes of ethics and behaviour.  While some of these are already completed or in development, the continuation of a multiplicity (and growing) number of coaching associations suggests that the pathway of coaching to professionalisation may be at best bumpy, and at worst derailed.

The presence of technological resources in schools and the high performance of so-called «Technology Generation» or «Generation Z» students are not enough to develop students' digital competence. The primary key is determined by the technological and pedagogical skills of teachers. In this paper, we intend to analyze the level of ICT skills of teachers in primary and secondary establishing a competency framework adapted to the Spanish educational environment, using as a basis the standards established by UNESCO in 2008 and reformulated in the year 2011. For this purpose, a questionnaire was done to show the profile of ICT teacher training faculty of the sample (80 schools and 1,433 teachers in the Community of Madrid) to study the characteristics of better training for the development of teachers was conducted under the digital jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education of Spain. The study results show a significant difference between optimal ICT skills and the low skills that teachers really have to develop learning activities with technological tools for their students. Teachers' digital skills are very important in the development of learning processes to introduce technologies as tools in the service of education, and this study will allow us to make decisions in policy formation and throughout early career teachers. RESUMEN La mera presencia de recursos tecnológicos en los centros y las altas capacidades de los alumnos de la «Generación Tecnológica» o «Generación Z», no son suficientes para desarrollar en los alumnos la competencia digital. La clave fundamental viene deter-minada por las competencias tecnológicas y pedagógicas de los docentes. En este trabajo, se pretende analizar el nivel de com-petencias en TIC de los profesores de Primaria y Secundaria estableciendo un marco competencial de referencia adaptado al ámbito educativo español, utilizando como base los estándares establecidos por la UNESCO en el año 2008 y reformulados en el año 2011. Para ello, se realizó un cuestionario que permitió establecer el perfil de formación docente en TIC del profesorado de la muestra (80 colegios y 1.433 profesores de la Comunidad de Madrid), para estudiar las características del profesorado mejor formado para el desarrollo de la competencia digital que establece el Ministerio de Educación de España. Los resultados mues-tran una alarmante diferencia entre las competencias que debieran tener los profesores para desarrollar la competencia digital en sus alumnos y la que verdaderamente tienen. Las competencias digitales del profesorado son muy relevantes en el desarrollo de procedimientos de aprendizaje que introduzcan las tecnologías como herramientas al servicio de la educación y este estudio nos permitirá tomar decisiones en política de formación inicial y a lo largo de la carrera profesional del profesorado.

Εδώ και αρκετά χρόνια σε ερευνητικό επίπεδο αλλά και στην επιστημονική και επαγγελματική πραγματικότητα, αναδύεται ο ρόλος της διεπιστημονικότητας και η αξία της τόσο σε επίπεδο σπουδών όσο και σε επίπεδο γνωστικών, επιστημονικών και εργασιακών δεξιοτήτων.
Η διεπιστημονικότητα αφορά στο γόνιμο συνδυασμό γνώσεων και δεξιοτήτων από διαφορετικά επιστημονικά πεδία και τομείς προκειμένου ο απόφοιτος να διαθέτει ευρύτερο πλέγμα γνώσεων και δεξιοτήτων, ικανό να ανταπεξέλθει επιτυχώς στους συνθέτους εργασιακούς ρόλους που διαμορφώνονται στο πέρασμα των χρόνων

According to the objectives of the paper, the evaluation was checked together with the participants in semi-structured interviews. Two assessments were given to the students: the strategic talent management and the innovation potential assessment. A control group was used, wherein the students received an innovation potential assessment but not the strategic talent management assessment. There was a vital difference between students who took the strategic talent management assessment and those who did not in assessing their innovation potential. A difference was also seen in the area of flexibility, self-confidence and achievement drive. The research exhibited that the assessment had helped the majority of the participants to get more involved in the needs of the market to make a greater impact in on today’s society since they became more aware of their own skills, talents,
capabilities, and goals.

Este artigo analisa experiências diversificadas de profissionalização de sociólogos que exercem atividade em contexto não académico, em organismos do setor público e privado. Por um lado, procura-se verificar até que ponto estes diplomados vinculam a sua atividade profissional, em termos de práticas e representações, ao campo formativo e científico da sociologia (Costa, 1988 e 2004). Por outro lado, analisa se o exercício profissional da sociologia enquanto prestação de serviços à comunidade, com preocupações
sociais (Burawoy, 2005).

The unbalanced gender-specific division of labour emerged as early as the end of the nineteenth century, when women work was exploited and underpaid in the wage market. The gendered professional inequalities between women and men continue to persist even today. The present paper aims to provide an outline of the main concepts used for analysing gendered inequalities in professional careers and to delineate the most significant explanations regarding this phenomenon. Besides gender stereotypes and gender roles, other terms which conceptualize the gender-based inequalities and discrimination in professional careers are addressed, such as gender pay gap, horizontal segregation, evaluative discrimination, vertical segregation, glass ceiling, sticky floor, and gender status beliefs. Furthermore, there are discussed both theoretical economic approaches, which emphasize the role of human capital and explain discrimination of women in the labour market by the expectations on their lower productivity, and theoretical sociological approaches, which highlight other aspects, such as differences in power, social and cultural norms and values, and take into consideration the importance of social capital, social interactions and networks, and social closure in professional career and ascension. In the last part of the paper the key aspects of the debate are emphasized and some remarks about the necessity of larger, more integrative and practice-oriented researches in this regard are made.

Problem Statement: Today’s ever-changing educational environment has created a need for new leadership styles
that encourage positive change and improvement. In Turkish universities, the most commonly used leadership models are the classic and/or traditional ones, which lead to stagnation in innovation and entrepreneurship. Only a limited number of universities are actively engaged in innovative research activities and achieve success in terms of entrepreneurship and cooperative work with industry. Abroad effort is needed to improve cooperation and encourage leadership development.
Purpose of Study: This paper attempts to show and critically analyze the role of leadership models of university management in creating a learning environment for innovation and entrepreneurship.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 different faculty members and 12 graduate students over a period of three months at three different universities in
Istanbul. Interviews were centered on 6 core research questions. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the interview outcomes. The data were analyzed using the Atlas.ti 7 software kit.
Findings and Results: A large percent age of the participants,
78%, mentioned that participatory democracy is an important new leadership model that can empower innovation and entrepreneurship. Most respondents, 80%, also identified the important role of intensive collaboration with industry managers. In the transformation of the university, a significant percentage of the participants, 69%, agreed that
experts should be frequently consulted and their views taken into consideration. Slightly more than half of the participants, 54%, said that their university could do more to encourage innovation and innovative ideas from students and faculty members; out of the respondents who expressed this idea, the majority, 86 %, said that new leadership and
management styles would be critical in promoting this change.
Conclusions and Recommendations: As the current study shows, universities that apply new leadership styles create an
environment more conducive to fostering entrepreneurship and innovation. Consistent with previous research, the leadership model of university management plays a vital role
in universities’ readiness to accept innovative and entrepreneurial changes. Universities should adopt new leadership styles instead of using conservative and traditional leadership models that discourage innovation
and entrepreneurship. Generally speaking, democratic leadership models are more effective at fostering open innovation. In the new management framework, leaders can create new environments and spaces, such as technology transfer offices, to collaborate with industry.

Purpose
The key purpose of this paper is to develop a new conceptualization of the boundaryless career—a widely acknowledged contemporary career concept—that reflects its original description more fully than previous literature has done, and to apply this conceptualization in an empirical investigation of career behavior and intentions of a large sample of European Information Technology (IT) professionals.

Design/methodology/approach
As part of a large study of IT professionals in Europe (N = 1,350), we had three research objectives. First, we developed and empirically tested a new operationalization of a person’s boundaryless career orientation (BCO) that reflects the originally proposed boundaryless career meanings more closely than existing approaches. Second, we used this to identify in a holistic manner different patterns of BCO. Third, we examined the nature and extent of links between BCO and self-reported career behavior and intentions.

Findings
We identified five BCO factors that differentiate individuals into three distinct clusters. Although organizational boundaries appeared to be salient for most individuals, they did not differentiate the clusters. Instead, geographical mobility preference and rejection of career opportunities emerged as highly differentiating but hitherto rarely examined types of career boundaries.

Practical implications
Our findings can help HR managers to gain a better understanding of different mobility preferences amongst different groups of employees, which could lead to the development and implementation of more refined reward schemes and career development practices in organizations.

Originality/value
This study provides a new operationalization of the BCO that is grounded in its original definition and offers a new empirically tested 15-item BCO measure. It contributes to career research with scarce empirical findings regarding the components of the BCO, their salience for individuals, and the connections between BCO and behavior.

"What does a move from a village in the West African rain forest to a West African community in a European city entail? What about a shift from a Greek sheep-herding community to working with evictees and housing activists in Rome and Bangkok? In The Restless Anthropologist, Alma Gottlieb brings together eight eminent scholars to recount the riveting personal and intellectual dynamics of uprooting one’s life—and decades of work—to embrace a new fieldsite.

Addressing questions of life-course, research methods, institutional support, professional networks, ethnographic models, and disciplinary paradigm shifts, the contributing writers of The Restless Anthropologist discuss the ways their earlier and later projects compare on both scholarly and personal levels, describing the circumstances of their choices and the motivations that have emboldened them to proceed, to become novices all over again. In doing so, they question some of the central expectations of their discipline, reimagining the space of the anthropological fieldsite at the heart of their scholarly lives."

ABSTRAK Kertas konsep ini membincangkan tentang pemilihan kerjaya merupakan aspek yang amat penting dalam hidup seseorang. Pemilihan kerjaya yang betul akan membentuk individu yang berjaya dan menyumbang kepada sumber tenaga kepada negara sama ada individu normal atau orang kurang upaya. Definisi OKU ialah individu yang mengalami keterbatasan yang merujuk kepada jenis kecacatannya, seperti Kurang upaya pendengaran, Kurang upaya penglihatan, Kurang upaya pertuturan, Kurang upaya fizikal, Kurang upaya mental, Masalah pembelajaran dan Kurang upaya pelbagai atau " Multiple Disabilities ". OKU juga memerlukan pekerjaan untuk memenuhi keperluan kehidupan mereka. Kertas konsep ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti faktor-faktor pemilihan kerjaya dalam kalangan orang kurang upaya (OKU) berdasarkan Teori Trait dan Faktor. Kajian-kajian lepas mendapati antara faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan kerjaya OKU terdiri daripada faktor dalaman dan luaran. Faktor dalaman seperti (kelaya...

Our purpose is to examine the possibilities of Bakhtinian dialogical analysis for understanding students’ experiences of medical training. Twenty-three interviews were conducted with eleven British medical students intercalating in psychology. Forty emotionally resonant key moments were identified for analysis. Our analysis illustrates students’ use of the professional genre to present their training as emotionally neutral. However, we show how medical training can be framed in more unofficial and affective-laden ways in which threshold moments of crisis are presented as space-time breaches characteristic of the genres of adventure-wonder and adventure-ordeal. This affect was often depotentiated in the narratives through brief allusion to the professional genre. This cycling between genres suggests that the students were searching for an appropriate way in which to frame their experiences, a central dilemma being the extent to which medical training makes sense within an immediate and affect-laden, or future-orientated and affect-neutral, pedagogy. Finally, we identify how consultants are an important aspect of the affective experience of medical training who, at their best, offer inspiring exemplars of flexible movement between official and unofficial ways of being a doctor. In conclusion, we demonstrate the potential of genres to make sense, and to organize the experience, of medical training spatially in terms of moving between personal and impersonal contact, temporally in terms of moving between the extraordinary and routine, and affectively in terms of moving between potent and neutral affect. Learning to use the professional genre is part of enculturation as a doctor and can be helpful in providing a framework restoring coherence and composure through engaging with, and reformulating, difficult experiences. However, it is important to take seriously the resistance many of the students demonstrated to the professional genre as a possible barometer of its acceptability to the general public.

The increasing incidence of the older age groups on the working age population, the transformation of the families models and their implications on the redefinition of care, as well the progressive spread of the chronic diseases and non self-sufficiency in old age, are leading different institutions to question the effectiveness and sustainability of the welfare system in developing the quality of ageing (NNA 2017; UNECE 2017; ILO, 2018). This happens in a context in which even the families, traditionally considered a leading resource in the fulfilment of care functions, are also affected by transformations. In relation to the increasing participation of women in the labour market, and the investment in policies aimed at the early retirement, the relationship between family responsibilities and work makes critical the position of caregivers within the labour market. An increasing number of households identify informal caregivers as a support in the management of care, giving rise to a transformation of the domestic and private care work. Despite an increasing relevance on the labour supply, informal care jobs are affected by a nuanced definition of the professional competences' profiles. In the context of changing organizational models of healthcare services, the regulation of the working conditions and the perspectives for the integration of the chain of social professions are still referred to the relationship between families and services, even within the debate on the recognition of the caregivers function. Retracing the mentioned scenario, this paper aims to explore the demand for the development of the care professions and services, deepening the relationship among the demand for care, the gender distribution of paid and unpaid care work, and the development of the social mandate in relation to the care jobs. Using the available national literature and statistics (Inps; Istat; Inapp) on care loads, recourse to support services, and finally on gender, aging and professional needs, the contribution

Textile engineering is not a recommended career option because of several reasons:
a)Textile is not a viable business in India, because China, Bangladesh etc are producing textiles at cheaper cost.
b)Problem is even worse in North India because electricity is expensive.
Most companies in India today hire consultants. To become a consultant, one needs to have several years of industry experience. To get experience has become difficult for a fresh engineer.
c)Most textile machinery now comes with few years of free consultancy and maintenance, which further reduces the need of textile engineers.

It is recommended that if one wants a career in engineering, then one should do basic engineering (such as electrical, mechanical etc) and not specialised engineering as specialisation careers fluctuate a lot. Basic engineer, with aptitude, will always have multiple options available to him.

Even if one wants to do specialisation engineering, chose careers in areas where import is difficult such as power generation, power distribution.

This double-blind peer reviewed paper, presented at the 10th International EAAE-ARCC conference on Architecture Research Addressing Societal Challenges (Lisbon 15-18 June 2016), illustrates and discusses a unique mapping of architecture practice, tracing arrays of critical, compared to commercial, practice approaches. It visually interprets the sociologist and philosopher Bourdieu’s theories on the interactions between agents and institutions to the field of architecture. Discussions relate Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and capital to key stages of UK architectural practice from the mid-1950s through 2015. The paper contributes to contemporary knowledge and debates about architects’ shifting roles and practice types in privatised, market-led processes by providing a spatial framework to trace the increasingly fractured nature of the profession. Established and emerging areas of architecture, derived from litera- ture reviews and primary sources, are evaluated as practice types in which agents seek –– at one end of the field –– to preserve, protect, or enhance traditional norms, versus those –– at opposite ends –– who challenge, and at times subvert traditional practice norms in favour of more critical approaches. This is the accepted version of the paper, forthcoming for publication.

This research explores the experiences of 18 gifted high school students career decision process which took 2 years 8 months. The students were from three different schools in İstanbul, and they had been taking career counseling in order to decide about their majors in their university years. The interactions with the students provided the data to answer the research questions, ''What are the difficulties, if any, to choose the right career path after the high school years, particularly the major that they want to study at the university?'' The data were gathered through in-depth interviews during the therapies including, the preparations of the documents for overseas applications which were recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed for patterns. The patterns became the prevalent themes for discussion in the findings and analysis.

This study developed and field tested an electronic career guidance package for secondary schools, the e-Career Guidance System. The study was an educational research and development study and thus utilised the instrumentation research design. The formative evaluation of the developed programme was carried out using the pretest–posttest control-group quasi-experimental methodology. The researchers used the Students Career Awareness Questionnaire in collecting data for the experiment. The questionnaire was standardised, with a reliability index of .87. Sixty senior secondary two (SS 2) students were selected for the quasi-experiment using the purposive sampling technique. Thirty students were randomly assigned to the control group and the other thirty to the intervention group. The pretest and posttest data collected were analysed and used in testing the four null hypotheses in the study using analysis of covariance statistics. The results obtained showed that the e-Career Guidance S...

The unbalanced gender-specific division of labour emerged as early as the end of the nineteenth century, when women work was exploited and underpaid in the wage market. The gendered professional inequalities between women and men continue to persist even today. The present paper aims to provide an outline of the main concepts used for analysing gendered inequalities in professional careers and to delineate the most significant explanations regarding this phenomenon. Besides gender stereotypes and gender roles, other terms which conceptualize the gender-based inequalities and discrimination in professional careers are addressed, such as gender pay gap, horizontal segregation, evaluative discrimination, vertical segregation, glass ceiling, sticky floor, and gender status beliefs. Furthermore, there are discussed both theoretical economic approaches, which emphasize the role of human capital and explain discrimination of women in the labour market by the expectations on their lower productivity, and theoretical sociological approaches, which highlight other aspects, such as differences in power, social and cultural norms and values, and take into consideration the importance of social capital, social interactions and networks, and social closure in professional career and ascension. In the last part of the paper the key aspects of the debate are emphasized and some remarks about the necessity of larger, more integrative and practice-oriented researches in this regard are made.

The options of countries to study MBBS after 12th are many but only few are good enough to be considered. There are few things you must keep in mind while choosing the right university for yourself.

http://www.mbbsbangladesh.com/

MBBS is one of the most opted course in India for the science with medical stream students. Also, there are many people who want to go abroad to study MBBS. This not only provides better environment and quality education but also helps you to get more job opportunities and other lifetime experiences.

Career management as a lifelong lasting process becomes very actual in today’s modern society because of many reasons. In a general sense, the environment becomes turbulent; therefore it is natural that career environment, basically, is chaotic as well. Nevertheless, career for many people is, undoubtedly, very important, because it is directly related to life quality. Professional activity satisfies almost all human needs: physiological, safety, social, attainment, self-realisation, independence, autonomy and other. The efficiency of the mentioned activity and the ability of the personality to construct his career are closely related things.
Individual’s career process studies have become especially popular recently, because deeper career perception helps to understand the most important relations between man and work, career management and constant learning, helps not only to know person’s abilities, but also the abilities to give oneself to modern environment, to understand career projection possibilities, to plan one’s professional future.
Seeking to analyse final-year university student position regarding career questions, a written form survey was carried out. The research was carried out between September 2015 and March 2016. The research sample (185) was structured applying a consecutive ‘bunch’ system. The respondents from three Lithuanian universities Klaipėda, Vilnius and Šiauliai, were selected in the sample. Professional career parameters were evaluated: career management competency, study influence and work values. The research is grounded on a mixed strategy, when quantitative and qualitative research approaches are combined. The obtained results, based on qualitative analysis, are presented in this research.

Problem Statement: The universities need good funding and financing in order to have sustainable development and growth for their internal as well as external systems. Hence, they need well-rounded ecosystems.
Research Questions: In this study,which activities of the universities have more return and impact is critically studied since most of the universities have changed and transformed from teaching to research universities.
Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to understand how universities can have the sustainable growth, success, and quality assurance in these global competitive economies by improving the return and the impacts of the research, development, and innovation while decreasing their costs and expenses in their budgets and investments.
Research Methods: The perceptions and the experiences of the managers (38), who were responsible about research, development, and innovation at two state and two private universities, were analyzed in the phenomenological analysis where twenty research questions were answered through the semi-structured interactive interviews. The collected data of this study, which were analyzed in data analysis software-program NVivo 10.
Findings: The results showed clearly that a few number of the participants (18%), who were active in research, development, and innovation had significantly much better results in the return of these activities. However, those (82%), who could not be so successful in research, development, and innovation, had troubles in making long-term strategic investments since they did not see financial security. Conclusions: As a result, the universities,which have made the research, development, and innovation have more benefits, returns, and impacts comparing those who are doing less or teaching rather than research.The universities, which have significantly more innovation opportunities, like technology parks, and technology transfer and licensing offices,can make right investments and improvements that have synergic effects on returns and impacts.

Bleak House of Third World: Chooti even though an abusing world is a relief for the workers working in the mechanic shops across the country. Mechanics mostly named Ustad is the custodian of the children. The guardian of these children beseeched to these Ustads to take their children as internees. These guardians know the environment which blacken their clothes but polish their skills to earn the so called respectable earning in the land of waned opportunities. But these guardians do not know the darker side of the picture. They do not know that along with their clothes, their souls are also blackened. These children enter into the workshop with clean heart, clean words and clean face but when they graduate they have skills sometimes, but they always have dirty hearts, dirty words and dirty faces. Iqbal Ahmed who lost his identity to slur intended Balla almost wept when he shared his ordeal with us. He said that a slight mistake can infuriarate the Ustad and he can beat them badly. Slap, fist appear to be a bliss when it is compared with the hurled tool which can hit anywhere. Balla oh no Iqbal said the Ustads were doing all this with complete impunity their parents were happy as long as they were expected a constant stream of money in future. The fall from angelic heaven to satanic hell follows these abominable steps. This horrifying situation was a test case for the psychology professor, Mr. Rehmat Sootwala. Along with his research team he came up with the following model. The table given below describes the constructs use in the model: Table 1 Construct Description Physical Torture Level of torture Experienced by Internees measured on 10 point Scale. (1 = Lowest, 10 = Highest) Abusive Language Level of abuses experienced by internees measured on 10 point Scale. (1 = Lowest, 10 = Highest) Hygiene Level of hygiene experienced by internees measured on 10 point Scale. (1 = Lowest, 10 = Highest)

The present study depicts the story of three elementary school mathematics teachers who come from a different socio‐economic background but have similar entrance characteristics for college studies. They have chosen teaching as their first and sole alternative and as their preferred profession in life. All three were integrated into the education system upon graduation from college and, a short time later, less than three years, are playing key roles in the field of education in addition to their teaching practice in class. The study aims to identify unique characteristics of college graduate teachers who undergo an accelerated process of professional development. Their stories illustrate that the attitude towards the discipline (love of the profession, the wish to teach it), the wish to make an impact on what is transpiring in the system, personality variables and the school context in which they work as teachers are major and significant factors in their professional growth.

Politikstudium in der Bundeshauptstadt: Eine Garantie für die Chance, ganz nah an die Politik heranzukommen? An den groBen Berliner Unis fallen die Politologen in spe ein düsteres Urteil uber den Praxisbezug ihrer Ausbildung. Dies ergab eine Befragung unter 132 Studierenden der Freien und der Humboldt-Universität durch politik & kommunikation Ende Juli. Der Unzufriedenheitspegel ist hoch...

Son innumerables las ocasiones en las que la literatura hace referencia a las diferencias visibles, percibidas o relatadas, entre el recorrido laboral de las mujeres y el de los hombres. Lo que queda claro en los distintos estudios es que la trayectoria de la mujer suele ser retratada como multidireccional y no lineal, además de caracterizarse por desarrollarse en una multiplicidad de contextos y experiencias de vida. El presente estudio pretende analizar las trayectorias profesionales desde el punto de vista de las experiencias de las propias agentes en términos de relato y desde una perspectiva longitudinal, iniciada en los 90 y finalizada en 2010. La perspectiva de análisis está orientada por las historias de vida de los últimos doce años de carrera profesional de los agentes, así como por la contrastación de caso: mujer y hombre. El análisis se centra en los elementos y las condiciones que permiten o constriñen el proceso de promoción profesional, ya sean individuales, organizacionales o sociales. Los resultados reflejan como la subjetividad está comprometida con un mundo de prescripciones y proscripciones que concede diferencias para aplicar a ambos sexos.



Abstract

There are countless occasions in which literature refers to visible, perceived or narrated differences between the working trajectory of women and that of men. What comes out of such references is that women’s career is often depicted as multidirectional and non-linear, as well as unfolded through multiple settings and life experiences. This study is aimed at analyzing professional careers through the point of view of agents’ own experiences in terms of stories and from a longitudinal approach that started during the 90’s and came to an end in 2010. The analytic perspective is guided by the life stories of the last twelve years in the professional career of agents, as well as the contrast made between cases: woman and man. The analysis is focused in the elements and conditions that enable or constrain the professional promotion process, whether they are individual, organizational or social. Results reflect how subjectivity is engaged in a world of prescriptions and proscriptions that grants differences applicable to both women and men.