Complexity Leadership Theory

The "User`s Guide To The Future" is a powerful model developed by Mark McKergow and Helen Bailey for Solution Focused (SF) working with the future. In our session at SOLWorld 2019 we explained the model and demonstrated in a live coaching how clients find signs of progress facing challenging and complex projects. Model In their book "Host-Six New Roles of Engagement" (2014, pp.45-59) Mark McKergow and Helen Bailey present the following model which illuminates the responsiveness of hosting and helps Host Leaders (and indeed SF workers) think about where to put their focus, how to connect long-term hopes and objectives with short-term action. It outlines a way of working with uncertainty that is both efficient-getting lots of action for less effort-and responsive to the unfolding future. It contains some well-known sf elements combined with groundbreaking new ones: On a timeline starting from the right we find the hopes, dreams and intentions of a particular project-on the horizon. They might be big or small, global or very local. Whatever, something that sets a direction of travel is vital. Looking nearly to the horizon, we can think back a little. Supposing we were to achieve a better future-what precursors or building blocks will have to be in place to support that? This is about

A major challenge of education for sustainability is to overcome the reified conception of nature and development. As long as a look of "nature" as a phenomenon external to the relationship between actors and "development" as an exogenous phenomenon, mainly oriented to sustained economic growth persist, it is unlikely that conservation initiatives, impact mitigation and promotion of good practices be translated on a significant change in the way we establish the relationship between societies and "natures", both plural and dynamic. The look of the complexity and ontological multiplicity appear as viable options for a change of perspective and the in the transition to this new approach, the commitment to multidisciplinary education is essential. The Diploma in Education for Sustainable Development at the University of Santiago takes on this challenge in theoretical and methodological terms, through interaction and knowledge dialogue among teachers and among students from various disciplines.

I suggest two frameworks that may improve understanding of strategic thinking, strategic decision making, and strategic leadership. The first I call the Epistemology Framework. The second which was described and continues to be promoted by David Snowdon and colleagues is the Cynefin Framework.

In their book “Host – Six New Roles of Engagement” (2014, pp.45 – 59) Mark McKergow and Helen Bailey present the following model which illuminates the responsiveness of hosting and helps Host Leaders (and indeed SF workers)  think about where to put their focus; how to connect long-term hopes and objectives with short-term action. It outlines a way of working with uncertainty that is both efficient – getting lots of action for less effort – and responsive to the unfolding future.

Abstract: This study explores the leadership actions-oriented behavior of school principals in Finland. Actions-orientated behavior
enables the leader to appropriately articulate relations and task orientation to meet the immediate contextual demands and
to accommodate followership toward change and development. The leadership actions-orientated behavior of Finnish school
principals were studied in three schools. In-depth interviews with school actors (principals, vice principals, teachers, special
educators, and nonteaching staff) were conducted to triangulate the analyzed data. It was found that leadership actions-oriented
behavior enabled school leaders to articulate appropriate behavioral patterns to generate motivation and commitment. The
results suggest that actions orientations toward high-on relations enabled leaders to achieve leadership success, while actions
orientations toward high-on task enabled leadership effectiveness. Actions-oriented behavior toward high-on task enables
leadership flexibility with greater leadership elasticity. The results suggest that school actors anticipated a relational approach,
whose actions orientations were high-on task. The results also suggest that relations-oriented behavior is rationally applied by
school leaders who have remained in the organization for a longer time to strengthen the systematic approach. It was found
that leaders’ actions orientation with high-on task were more effective, while leadership actions orientation with high-on
relations generated social harmony. The results suggest that leadership actions-oriented behavioral flexibility and mobility can
be maintained by articulating high relations to low relations and high task to low task, not necessarily from task to relations or
relations to task alone. In doing so, a leader’s personality is prevented from distortions and behavior dysfunction.

Keywords: leadership behavior, actions-oriented behavior, relations-oriented behavior, task-oriented behavior, contextual variation,
leader’s case study, behavioral articulation, Finland, Skills, Ability, Competences and Intelligence (SACI)

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) is emerging and is taking the financial world by storm. The combination of ESG issues and investors' need for profit has made way for a new wave of responsible investment. Where your ESG compliance metrics and certifications can make or break the future for your company.

As organizations are scrambling to adapt to this new way of investing and doing business, not to get left behind in the dust led us to ask the question:

How is ESG methodology currently being implemented, and how are organizations and ESG practitioners responding to this implementation?

Our goal in this research is to explore how ESG is implemented and what issues organizations and ESG practitioners face when rolling out on the Danish market.

To reach an answer to our research question, we collected our primary data by interviewing nine prominent ESG managers, all chosen based on their expert knowledge of ESG in Denmark. Our secondary data is collected by finding relevant studies that will be used throughout the thesis to support or oppose the primary dataset. We believe that our mix of methods and theories can shine a light on how ESG is impacting the Danish market and how a comprehensive understanding of the issues can provide organizations and us an opportunity to withstand the complex environment it creates.

The findings in this thesis show us some of the issues and difficulties that have manifested in the Danish market. While the interviewees all have experienced different problems dealing with ESG, there is an overall positive consensus on the current state of ESG. However, as ESG is currently lacking any sort of 'best practice' and standardization, the environment will only become more complex. As we explore in this research, the complex environment rejects forcible organizing through traditional leadership.

To counter the rejection, we explore the possibility of ESG managers adopting the characteristics of the enabling leader from Complexity Leadership Theory to be able to combat the complex nature of ESG and the environment in which they operate.

Compartimos con este documento la alegría del trabajo conjunto, y de un camino colectivo que hemos
comenzado a transitar con un grupo humano de jóvenes, educadores y líderes sociales. Estas palabras están hechas
con muchas voces, y las ideas surgen de una intrincada madeja multicolor, de un cálido abrazo latinoamericano
que le da sentido y sostén.
Nuestro objetivo es difundir los aprendizajes que hemos logrado identificar en el proceso de trabajo compartido,
que incluyen los hallazgos de cada Programa de Formación en Liderazgo Juvenil para la Actoría
Social pero los trascienden, incluyéndolos en algo más valioso aún: la producción de un sueño común y la
propuesta de un camino.
Camino, itinerario, siempre en reforma, para todos aquellos que como nosotros se encuentren comprometidos
con los jóvenes de nuestro continente y con una identidad Latinoamericana. Identidad cultural
que queremos valorizar no para separarnos de otras identidades sino para, a partir del reencuentro con
nuestras raíces, poder abrirnos a la diversidad, aportando lo que nos es único y recibiendo lo que nos es
necesario.
Cuando soñamos con la construcción de un modelo para la Formación en Liderazgo Juvenil para la Actoría
Social en América Latina, lo hacemos desde este contexto. No se trata de un modelo acabado y pétreo
que da cuenta de todo lo existente y debe ser reproducido con exactitud. Sí se trata de una referencia, de
un conjunto de hallazgos de trabajadores de lo social que quieren ser compartidos para facilitar la tarea de
aquellos que los encuentren necesarios y nutrientes. También se trata de valorizar nuestra producción de
conocimiento desde la práctica y, por sobre todas las cosas, de rescatar la riqueza de pensar en conjunto
con los jóvenes, que tienen mucho para decir sobre sus necesidades y potencialidades.

Il Prof. Fritjof Capra, noto fisico e studioso della teoria dei sistemi, è fondatore e direttore del Centro per l’alfabetizzazione ecologica a Berkeley in California ed ha pubblicato opere di fama internazionale. Sin dal suo primo libro Il Tao della fisica, scritto nel 1975, egli pone in evidenza il passaggio da una visione del mondo meccanicista e riduzionista ad una visione sistemica ed ecologica. Un vero e proprio mutamento di paradigma capace di generare cambiamenti radicali in tutti i campi del sapere scientifico e della società. Una rinnovata concezione dell’essere umano che non si contrappone alla Natura ma ne è parte integrante, superando la tradizionale separazione fra mente e corpo. Accettando di essere parte integrante della Natura, l’uomo è in qualche modo spinto a superare una posizione semplicemente di dominio e sfruttamento delle altre forme di vita, e dell’ecosistema nel suo complesso, per assumere un atteggiamento di responsabilità verso la Natura stessa, responsabilità che diviene anche pragmatico “prendersi cura” dell’ambiente di cui è ospite prezioso, ma non spietato padrone.

.....the double bind as constituting an entirely new, non-material, principle of evolution, major conceptual revisions may need to be made in our general understanding of evolution as contained within the “modern evolutionary synthesis”.

KEYWORDS:
behavior, communication, context, contradiction, deutero-learning, double bind, epistemology, evolution, incompleteness theorum, kinesics, learning, logical type theory, metacommunication, metamessages, metatheory, mystification, paradox, relationships, schismogenesis, schizophrenia,  scientific elegance, symmathesy, teleology, temporality, transcontextual, transdisciplinary, trauma

The purpose and aim of this book is to develop an appropriate leadership model for missional churches. This implies a positioning of this book within the broader theology of mission and a consensus on the theology of the Missio Dei, originating at the 1952 conference of the International Missionary Council in Willingen, Germany. In this approach to the theology of mission, mission is understood as the work of the Trinitarian God, and the church is privileged to participate in God’s mission. It is against this background that the growing consensus on missional ecclesiology challenges leadership models developed for a different time and a different kind of church (with less or no emphasis on the missional character of the church). The aim is to reflect theologically on the role of leadership in the missional church. What kind of ideas about power, authority and leadership are appropriate for a missional church? New missional challenges demand new ideas about missional leadership.  Church organisation and leadership reflects a theological position – there is a strong relation between ecclesiology and church organisation. The nature of the church provides the framework to understand the character of the church. What the church is determines what the church does. The church organises what it does and agrees on rules that regulate ministries and organisation. Issues such as the way the church organises and governs what it does, and thus church leadership, need to be answered against this background and understanding. Church polity and organisation, as well as leadership, must reflect the identity, calling, life and order of the church.  This book, therefore, addresses life in the Trinity, participation in the Missio Dei and contours of the missional church as the point of entry to develop leadership insights. It contributes towards the development of an appropriate model of leadership for missional churches, because although recent developments in the theology of mission comprehensively addressed the area of missional ecclesiology, there is a gap in the development of a leadership model based on the concept of authority in the missional church.

"The concept of improvisation has become increasingly popular in the discourse of organizational theory. This paper explores the several aspects of improvisation, in the context of musical, organizational, and everyday activities, in order to address some of the philosophical issues relevant to this emerging interest. It addresses, for instance, the way the term improvisation has fallen into disrepute, referring to something that is, ultimately, a pale and messy copy of the ‘correct’ way. It argues that in western music, this can be traced to the modernist valorization of the order provided by a written musical score, perfectly representing the composer’s wishes, and the concomitant devalorization of the spontaneity and creativity of musicians who, before approximately 1800, improvised a substantial amount of their performances. Connections are made between the modernist concept of organization and postmodern or complexity-based approaches that stress creativity as an emergent property of the relationship between order and disorder. It concludes by suggesting that the study of improvisation demands a profound immersion into (inter-)subjectivity, emotions, time, aesthetics, performance, and social creativity, none of which have traditionally been the focus of organization and management studies, or the social sciences in general."

The modernist stream of thought had immensely influenced the theories of organizational management in the early twentieth century. Equilibrium-oriented and universally valid reductionist approaches viewed organizations as machines that could be broken down into pieces, hence, behavior of the whole could be understood from the knowledge of its parts. Mary Parker Follett, owing to her valuable contribution ahead of her time, emerges as a prominent figure in the history of management thought and organizational studies. Most of what is written and discussed today in the field of organization studies and management such as power, authority, group dynamics, leadership, coordination and governance have been derived from Mary Parker Follett’s corpus. She had built the bridge between complexity thinking and management almost four decades before the introduction of nonlinear dynamics to scientific research. Although the actual terminology of nonlinear dynamics was not employed in her postulations Mary Parker Follett’s works provide profound insights for the field of management under the prevailing global circumstances where the impact of repeated attempts to design the ‘whole’ seems to have been neutralized since it is barely enough to predict the outcomes of the upward-causality from the knowledge of the parts. A thorough analysis of her writings reveals that she had accurately anticipated the problems associated with the contemporary organizational settings as well as incorporating nonlinear dynamics into management thinking. This conceptual paper intends to draw inspiration from Mary Parker Follett’s works with special emphasis on the links between her conceptions and complexity thinking in the field of management.

Organizations face a myriad of challenges as the world interconnects through the process of
globalization. In order to sustain viability and produce competitive advantage, organizations must develop a global
communication strategy. Communication skills need to be developed at all levels of the organization, from a
coherent mission statement to individual employee development. Organizations need global leaders, capable of
moving in and through divergent cultural environments. Identifying and equipping these future leaders is an
antecedent to success in the global marketplace. This paper offers an instructive model to guide organizations as
they face increasingly complex, cross-cultural environments.

This paper is a revised and expanded version of a paper entitled ‘The ‘wicked problem construct’ as a framework for organisational development and change’, presented at the 20th Annual Academy of Human Resource Development International Research Conference in the Americas. Arlington,
VA (DC Metro), USA, 14–16 February 2013.

Abstract
The recognition of tensions, contradictions and paradoxes in theory, research, and practice within organizations is important for effective organizational Leadership (EOL). The extent to which managers and policy makers currently have adequately come to terms with such complexity still remains open to discussion. The wicked problem construct (WPC) is a concept, process and a framework that can be used in identifying the reasons for these tensions and contradictions, explaining how they can be managed, and pointing out the limits they create for what is needed for effective organizational leadership. This paper examines the conceptual literature on ‘Wicked Problems’, identifying the critical dimensions of the proposed construct, and exploring the lack of attention to non-linear epistemology of practice and systems thinking by managers and policy makers. The challenges of traditional management approaches to address complexity and to increase effectiveness in dealing with wicked problems are explained. The implication for practice of the WPC as a framework for organizational effectiveness in public, private, and the third sectors is described.

Complexity leadership theory (CLT) is about balancing formal and informal organization to leverage dynamics of Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) and produce learning, creativity, and adaptation in organizations. Based on interviews with sixteen agile coaches (AC) at Spotify, this study examines how AC practice enabling leadership, a key balancing force in complexity leadership. Coaches practice enabling leadership by increasing the context-sensitivity of others, supporting other leaders, establishing and reinforcing simple principles, observing group dynamics, surfacing conflict and facilitating and encouraging constructive dialogue. The AC as complexity leader values being present, observing and reacting in the moment. Findings suggest flexible structure provided by an attentive coach may prove a fruitful way to navigate and balance autonomy and alignment in organizations.

In the field of development and humanitarian aid, we are facing increasingly complex and interconnected problems that exist in changing and unstable contexts. We need to incorporate approaches and methodologies that allow us to propose solutions that understand and embrace the qualities of today's reality. This means seeking solutions that: take into account the whole system; can evolve and effectively adapt to changing circumstances; build a body of learning and good practice throughout the process; and look at long-term behavioural changes and impacts.
A body of action-research has emerged within the field of development aiming to solve some of the above issues. This includes considering frameworks, models and methodologies to “Do Development Differently”. This hadbook cotais the theory ad practice of a workhosp I facilitated i Maila i which we looked at the underlying paradigms of thinking that can help us to reflect upon and put into practice adaptive development. We explored the theories and science of Complex Systems that lie behind the new paradigm of thinking designed to better understand the realities of today’s challenges and to overcome some of the limitations of linear, reductionist thinking for programming and planning. We looked at some of the methodologies that will help develop adaptive, systemic and collaborative projects.

The character of armed conflict continues to change at an alarming rate due to extremist ideologies, the ​reassertion of global hegemons, climate change, cyber conflict, infectious disease, and technological advances. This provides compelling justification that traditional leadership models used to prepare military organizations to succeed in armed conflict are becoming less useful. Given the hierarchical structure of military organizations and the complex environment described above leaders must now be able to generate teams that can thrive in the chaos and ambiguity associated with war. Teams must provide the innovative and creative solutions formerly left to the individual leader. This monograph explores how the theory of complexity leadership offers a compromise that bridges the gap between the stability commonly associated with the traditional top-down, centralized military structure, and the principles of self-organization, decentralization, and bottom-up refinement associated with complex adaptive systems. Two historical illustrations provide an analysis of leadership through the lens of complexity leadership theory. This research concludes with an analysis of current Army leadership doctrine, identify gaps and propose how complexity leadership theory could fill these gaps.

Put this and Tolstoy's War and Peace together and you will have all the answers …
Conscious consciousness in the "history" of the eternal present: From small to large and back:

Good morning friends, this post of mine could be the last one you will see, the next one I think you could see it in a few years.

From midnight today, according to official news, the Russian Federation will disconnect '' from the global internet and connect with its system.

All sites, all platforms, everything that is not connected to Russia will be blacked out, for sure I will not be able to use my e-mail as it is libero.it and not for example libero.ru.

Will also be disabled (I do not know the right word) all devices that use operating systems (not even this time I'm sure to say well), Android and Ios, the reason for all this I think you understand.

From midnight we will be isolated from friends, relatives, from any business in our country of origin, from everything that exists outside the Russian border, practically we will be isolated from the rest of the world.  A damnatio memoriae of modern times.

It looks like a scenario from a science fiction or catastrophic movie.  Unfortunately, if in these few hours that separate us from midnight, there is no second thoughts, it will all be true, and this reminds me of all the idiots who for months have accused the government of taking away their freedom, just to try to avoid the spread of the epidemic.

I embrace you all fraternally and do not forget me.

Gaetano Antonio Riotto.

Edit: Google news has been blacked out since Thursday 24 March. 13,448 viewsView 824 up votesSee 10 shares
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Marco Brigliadori · 11 minutes ago

The paradoxical situation is that Putin and the Russians are playing in Kiev the part of the French who destroyed Moscow but then had to retreat ... not even Hannibal fell into this unconscious hubris that you now see in small size in the Coop and in the condominium that distract themselves by taking it out on fate and with me ... Vae victis e sotto;)

PS: for those who are not strong with the inferences of complexity (ie in the ability to go from small to big things as in Forrest Gump), exclusion from the internet is equivalent to the general winter that killed the retreating French more than the Russian partisans …

Metti insieme questo e la Guerra e pace Tolstoj e avrai tutte le risposte...

Coscienza cosciente nella "storia" dell'eterno presente: dal piccolo al grande e viceversa:

Buongiorno amici, questo mio post potrebbe essere l'ultimo che vedrete, il prossimo credo che lo vedrete tra qualche anno.

Dalla mezzanotte di oggi, secondo notizie ufficiali, la Federazione Russa si disconnetterà’’da Internet globale e si connetterà con il suo sistema.

Tutti i siti, tutte le piattaforme, tutto ciò che non è collegato alla Russia verrà oscurato, di sicuro non potrò usare la mia e-mail in quanto è libero.it e non ad esempio libero.ru.

Verranno inoltre disabilitati (non conosco la parola giusta) tutti i dispositivi che utilizzano sistemi operativi (nemmeno questa volta sono sicuro di dirlo bene), Android e Ios, il motivo di tutto questo credo si capisca.

Da mezzanotte saremo isolati da amici, parenti, da qualsiasi attività nel nostro paese di origine da tutto ciò che esiste fuori dal confine russo, praticamente saremo isolati dal resto del mondo.  Una damnatio memoriae dei tempi moderni.

Sembra lo scenario di un film di fantascienza o catastrofico.  Purtroppo, se in queste poche ore che ci separano dalla mezzanotte, non ci saranno ripensamenti, sarà tutto vero, e questo mi ricorda tutti gli idioti che da mesi accusano il governo di togliergli la libertà, solo per cercare di  evitare la diffusione dell'epidemia.

Vi abbraccio tutti fraternamente e non mi dimenticate.

Gaetano Antonio Riotto.

Modifica: le notizie di Google sono state oscurate da giovedì 24 marzo.  13.448 visualizzazioni Visualizza 824 voti positivi Visualizza 10 condivisioni
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Marco Brigliadori · 11 minuti fa

La situazione paradossale è che Putin e i russi stiano recitando a Kiev la parte dei francesi che hanno distrutto Mosca ma poi hanno dovuto indietreggiare… nemmeno Annibale è caduto in questa inconscia arroganza che ora si vede a piccola dimensione nella Coop e nella  condominio che si distraggono prendendo la parola sul destino e con me... Vae victis e sotto ;)

PS: per chi non è forte con le inferenze della complessità (cioè nella capacità di passare dalle piccole alle grandi cose come in Forrest Gump), l'esclusione da internet equivale all'inverno generale che ha ucciso i francesi in ritirata più dei russi  partigiani...

My contribution to the nuclear debate presents 3 possible concepts for complexity evolution, which make understood that what is at a stake right now is the evolution of complexity. The use of missiles in any war scenario has very little, and if any very bad effects on reality, which I strongly recommend to not to look for.

The official results of the conference were published under the following document, which you can find at the ETH Zürich file archive: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/154318/MD_Draft%20Report_16102012.pdf

The official report does not resolve the dilemma that was discussed in Brussels. It reveals a one-sided and partial perspective and does not uncover the risks at which Europe was. The debate was stronger than the report tells and the report fails to describe the Russian position adequately as well as the reality of the debate. The US-American assurance, that the missile defense shield set up by NATO is not offensive and does not mean a threat to Russia  is a discussable statement. Quoting Vershbow as main speaker is nice, but the way this report puts facts and presents opinions is debatable.

A report about the real terms of discussion cannot be published.

This paper examines the case for viewing conversations as emergent phenomena, and the practical consequences for complexity practitioners and others engaged in ‘talking cures’.  Post-structural thinking from Wittgenstein onwards is connected to the school of Solution-Focused practice, which has made explicit use of these ideas in a practical, pragmatic and effective form of psychotherapy and coaching.  These fields can be connected by the idea of ‘narrative emergence’, which casts light on the ways in which new narratives are formed within apparently everyday conversations.

This study investigated the statistical correlation between a paradigm of leadership known as community-building leadership (CBL) and engagement of adult millennials (ME) in three different local churches. The results of the study showed that there is a significant predictive relationship between the two. The research employed a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) with data derived from a discreet interval, Likert scale survey to determine if a statistically significant goodness of fit existed between two latent variables: CBL and ME. CBL is currently theorized as one aspect of leadership present in a complex system, also known as " complexity leadership. " Per the foundational theory for this research, the presence of CBL in an organization can be identified by the presence of eight distinctive " illustrative practices " and five distinctive " outcomes, " which reflect CBL's effect on members of the organization. These illustrations and outcomes were operationalized through the model with one exogenous variable (CBL) and one endogenous variable (ME). The survey responses supplied the data for the statistical analysis. Several implications for organizational leadership with respect to engaging adult millennials were drawn from the study.

The research investigates the role of leadership in the transformation of denominational structures towards a missional ecclesiology, and focusses on the Highveld Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church. It describes the missional journey of the denomination, and interprets the transformation. The theory of ‘complex leadership’ in complex systems is applied to the investigation of the impact of leadership on a denominational structure. The theory identifies three mechanisms used by leaders as enablers in emergent, self-organisation systems: (1) Leaders disrupt existing patterns, (2) they encourage novelty, and (3) they act as sensemakers. These insights are applied as a tool to interpret the missional transformation of a denomination.

Edward de Bono’s thinking tools have been utilised world-wide by work teams for at least three decades. Over this period there has also been extensive research focusing on work team effectiveness, because work teams are intrinsic to the operation of 21st century business organisations. Despite widespread use of de Bono’s tools however, there is a paucity of quality research focusing on the correct use of these tools by work teams. The purpose of the study presented in this Thesis was to explore the correct utilisation of de Bono’s thinking tools by work teams within business organisations. The problem investigated was the main concern of people who correctly use de Bono’s tools during work team occasions. Their main concern being, the emotional stress they feel each time they perceive particular types of cognitive interplay, that indicate to them a work team is not-on-the same-page, because no one is utilising de Bono’s tools. The Getting On-The-Same-Page Theory is presented in this Thesis as a classic grounded theory explaining how this concern is resolved. The core variable of the theory is the cognitive capability process of getting-on-the-same-page. This process has three stages, Tooling-Up, Tensing and Enabling. Tooling-Up starts when bettering is activated at the time someone is introduced to the tools and changes in their cognitive capability commence with structuring, which occurs each time they utilise the tools. Tensing commences with distinguishing and a user perceiving polarising, powering, holding-back and/or bouncing around in contrast to collective purposing, collective aligning and collective equalising. The former being types of cognitive interplay that indicate to a user a work team is not-on-the-same-page because de Bono’s tools are not being utilised, the latter being types of cognitive interplay that indicate a work team is on-the-same-page because the tools are being utilised. Enabling occurs when taking-it-on emerges and a user commits to helping people in business organisations to get-on-the-same-page, by helping them utilise de Bono’s tools during work team occasions. Empirical data for the study was collected through interviews and observation of nine work teams, in six business organisations, utilising de Bono’s tools for periods ranging between six weeks to at least four months. Data was analysed and collected while adhering to the tenets of classic grounded theory methodology. The Getting On-The-Same Page Theory contributes to both theory and praxis, including theory focusing on work team cognition, conflict and cohesion.

Leadership elasticity enhances leadership style flexibility and mobility to enable educational leaders to maintain appropriate leadership equilibrium. The essential of leadership elasticity contributes towards organizational effectiveness by followership’s maintenance through appropriate expansion and contraction of relations and task behavioural orientation simultaneously, arrive at optimally balanced leadership equilibrium. This study aimed to explain leadership elasticity in achieving leadership equilibrium through relations and task behaviour orientating style-flex by assimilating the followership variables of task, timing, people, and trust. The study suggest both relations and task behavioural orientation is essential for a leader to bring about organizational effectiveness and social harmony. Moreover, Leadership elasticity expanding toward relations-oriented enabled less elasticity, while, expansion toward task-oriented behaviour enabled high elasticity. Leadership contextual intelligence and contextual experiences are both essential in identifying the variations in the contextual settings. This enables appropriate leadership approach of style-flex through the leadership behavioural orientations towards timing, trusting, tasking and people. The variations in the degree of elasticity can cause disturbances by frequent behavioural changes in an attempt to fit in the situation. This multi attempt behavioural changes can be the major cause of style-drift.

Keywords :Leadership Elasticity; Leadership readiness; leadership behavioural pattern; relations and Task-oriented behaviour; leadership appropriateness; leadership flexibility; leadership style-flex; leadership style-fix; Leadership style-drift; leadership multi-style flex

Human interaction is so important because, in the workplace, you always have to work with other people. As a leader, the way in which you and others relate to each other, authentically and inauthentically and use personal-and collective power within those relationships can create positive, enabling workplace environments, or be places of exclusion and negative engagement. Our research was a qualitative study, informed by complexity theory, of the construct of power relations, investigating the lived experiences of leaders within the complexity of the emerging economy of South Africa. It also further explored the challenges of such an approach in terms of the implementation and openness of people within organisations to engage with power relations, and not just to treat it unconsciously. Key features of our research were unpacking the relevance for leaders, as well as the impact of social dynamics, concepts of power, leader attributes, personal traits and organisational features on power relations.

The complex web of the global information grid will undergo explosive changes over coming decades. As advances in science and technology converge, a myriad array of discoveries in biotechnology, nanotechnology and information technology will produce unpredictable effects that must be accounted for in any estimate of what the world will look like in this future. A strategically important feature of this world will be the emerging trend of information warfare. Though still immature at present day, this trend will become increasingly dominant in the years to come. The information warfare of tomorrow will be radically different from its prototype today. No longer will it be confined to the mainframes of the Internet or to corporate databases: the battleground of the future will draw into its scope the scientific advances being made today in bio and nano technologies. The divisions between man and machine will blur. When networked technologies are ubiquitous, a state-sponsored attack on electronic networks can have far-reaching, and devastating, physical consequences.

Abstract:
In a liquid society, complexity can be mastered in a swarm intelligence concept. Basic premise for such a development is the expansion of global civil society into state structures on a peer-to-peer level. A modern society does not necessarily need traditional state forms as they were until now, authoritarian, coercive, etc. State structures were required in a specific time to convey information and prioritize information quality. Social patterns emerge out of information prioritization.

Politicians are afraid to lose influence. They mostly are opposed to citizen participation or autonomy and seek conservation of power. In order to preserve their factual power they use violence by all means. The use of violence by politics is to be understood as a tool to destabilize Global Civil Society and its competitiveness regarding information prioritization within society.

A peer-to-peer (P2P) based entity dealing with complexity on a popular level does not make the situation more complex, but lesser complex. A rough estimate of the capacity of popular complexity governance points at the possibility, that a P2P Complexity-Governance-Grid manages the same tasks different state structures fulfill, with less than 30% of the resources used by state structures today. In economic terms, this is the equivalent of a total reset of society. States and economies become less efficient, when rising transaction costs. Transaction costs within societies rise because:
- Societies tend to become more complex and the complexity coping strategies are generally neglected, except by complexity experts. Politicians do not care.
- With rising complexity, control of information and its flows within society become more costly if based on authoritarian structures and not voluntarily contributed.

A P2P-Complexity-Governance-Grid targets the reduction of transaction costs. A state public administration deals with complexity symptoms because not all citizens are built into the state structure (exogenous data). In this perspective, complexity is produced by all members of a society but only perceived as a symptom by state administration members. In a P2P-Complexity-Governance-Grid all citizens are par-taking and do not deal with complexity symptoms. Instead, all citizens are integrated and produce the original complexity data themselves (endogenous data).

The conceptualization of data used in the mathematical formula exist already as indexes produced by many national and international agencies, be it state admin-istrations, OECD, UN or others. Single sets of data exist, but not a complete panel, because these organizations i.e. face adverse conditions, when they try to work these indexes: they produce exogenous data. This adds complexity to the already existing complexity. Data are not verified and authentic, not delivered by the original complexity producer. Reasons why corporate or public structures have difficulties: data are being dealt with like in earlier times feudalism dealt with goods. Public or corporate data-monopolists use data as if they were feudal rights. This makes the access to required quality data and proper complexity governance impossible.

A P2P-Complexity-Governance-Grid project is thought to ease data production on a popular P2P level. The Grid does not seek a top-down approach, but a bottom-up approach.

Resumen
Se explora la naturaleza recursiva del lenguaje, la iteración a la que parece condenado  cuando debe dar cuenta de sí mismo. El carácter autorreferencial del lenguaje, como  némesis, se verifica en las paradojas que reingresan constante en sí mismas, expresiones arquitectónicamente circulares en cuyo movimiento de pliegue y repliegue comparece el infinito. De allí la perplejidad frente al principio de “información faltante”, el teorema de la incompletitud, los sistemas caóticos (ciencias de la complejidad) que parece amenazar nuestra racionalidad. También entran a consideración las exploraciones realizadas por W. S. Burroughs desde la literatura pulp donde el ser humano aparece alienado por el lenguaje. El lenguaje (y las normas gramaticales y sintácticas que le caracterizan) sería un organismo parásito, un virus, que ha elegido nuestras mentes como hábitat. El sujeto se encuentra manipulado y transformado por los procesos de contagio; el lenguaje es un virus que se reproduce con gran facilidad y condiciona cualquier actividad humana, dando cuenta de su intoxicada naturaleza. Se finaliza con la contraposición entre el pensamiento occidental con el pensamiento oriental, en particular con el budismo Zen, entendiendo este último como una visión alternativa del mundo, basada en el flujo y transformación, en lugar de la inmutabilidad y subordinación de los conceptos lógicos griegos.
Abstract
The recursive nature of language is explored, iterating that seems doomed when to give an account of himself. The self-referential nature of language, as nemesis, is verified in constant re-entering the paradoxes themselves architecturally circular motion expressions in which fold and stow appears infinity. Hence the perplexity against the principle of "missing information", the incompleteness theorem, the (complexity science) chaotic systems appears to threaten our rationality. Also suitable for consideration examinations by WS Burroughs from pulp literature where man appears alienated by language. The language (and grammatical and syntactical rules that characterize it) would be a parasitic organism, a virus that has chosen our minds as habitat. The subject is manipulated and transformed by the processes of contagion; language is a virus that is easily reproduced and conditions any human activity, realizing his intoxicated nature. It ends with the contrast between Western thought with Eastern thought, understanding the latter as an alternative worldview, based on the flow and transformation, rather than the immutability and subordination of Greek logical concepts.
Palabras Clave:
Lógica, paradoja, consistencia, recursividad, contradicción, lenguaje, racionalidad, metáfora viral, lecturas parasitarias
Keywords:
Logic, paradox, consistency, resourcefulness, contradiction, language, rationality, metaphor viral, parasitic readings

Average case complexity, in order to be a useful and reliable measure, has to be robust. The probability distribution, generally uniform, over which expectation is taken should be realistic over the problem domain. But algorithm books do not certify that the uniform inputs are always realistic. Do the results hold even for non uniform inputs? In this context we observe that Binary Tree sort is more robust than the fast and popular Quick sort in the average case.