Design Principles

Transparent display technology fundamentally challenges the concept of the screen: it turns viewing first and foremost into using. Transparent media presents users with a complex ensemble of imaging techniques and visual information that is embedded into their action routines, viewing habits and working processes. It shifts the focus from the analysis of visual elements on screen to the iterative interplay of structures and processes in front of and behind the screen. In order to show the associated transformation of design and interaction principles, the paper suggest three elementary conditions to be taken into account when designing transparent media technology: a) the position of the screen, b) the point of view of the user and c) the augmentation of objects.

Mobile microlearning targets a new audience of learners: employees and workers outside of offices, using smartphones for flexible, anywhere, anytime training. The term 'mobile' emphasizes that the content is made for small screens of smartphones. According to literature and industry reports, micro-lessons are generally between 30 s and 5 min. While research shows that mobile microlearning is a promising approach, it remains unclear how the current systems have been 'built': What are the underlying principles of such platforms? The goal of this study was to explore mobile-microlearning platforms and to unpack their inherent design principles. We applied different methods: First, we reviewed literature in both academic publications and industry reports in two iterative rounds. Second , we conducted interviews with industry professionals, e.g., directors and entrepreneurs of mobile-and micro-learning systems. Results show a set of 15 principles regarding technical issues, pedagogical usability of micro-content interaction and sequenced instructional flow. They can be used to detect issues and challenges in existing mobile platforms and may inform meaningful design principles for future development. The results expose that a more critical eye on the learning design implied in the small-screen platforms is needed e.g., future systems may include learning designs for higher order thinking skills.

Farklı sanat disiplinlerinin çoğu, yaratım sürecinde bazı kesişme noktalarında buluşurlar. Sanat insanoğlunun ihtiyaçlarından hayat bulmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu kesişimlerin oluşması sanatsal alanlar için çok da şaşırtıcı değildir. Bu çalışma, mimarlık ve seramik sanatının ilişkisini ve aralarındaki etkileşimi özellikle sanat eseri aracılığıyla ortaya koymaktır. İç mekan ve dış mekan gibi kavramlar, çoğunlukla yaşamın temel kavramları olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu kavramsal çerçeve, bahsedilen kavramlara mimari açıdan bakıldığında önem kazanmaktadır. Çünkü bu kavramlar aynı zamanda mimarlığın da temel kavramlarıdır. Mimarlık bu kavramları biçimlere dönüştürürken, seramik eserler için de dış mekanlar yaratır. Bu çalışmada, seramik ve heykel sanatçısı Serap Akarcalı'nın kavramsal, temel, üslup ve üretim açısından değerlendirilerek bazı iç mekan örneklerine atıfta bulunulmuştur. Daha sonra sanatçının eserlerindeki yöntem ve süreçler, seramik malzemelerin doğasından gelen imkanlar, çalışmalarındaki ifadelerinin soyutlanması, çağdaş seramik sanatının mimari anlamda bu iki sanat disiplininin nasıl ortaya çıktığını göstermesiyle sonuçlanmıştır.

In the late 1980’s and early 1990’s a range of approaches to using fractal geometry for the design and analysis of the built environment were developed. Mandelbrot’s “box counting” approach was later refined and developed by Carl Bovill (1996) who demonstrated a method for determining an approximate fractal dimension of architectural elevations and plans. This paper is the first investigation of the fractal dimensions of five house designs by Kazuyo Sejima, a famous, late 20th century minimalist designer (Aoki 2003; Hasegawa 2006). The fractal dimensions are calculated using a combination of Archimage and Benoit software, the former of which uses an extrapolation of Bovill’s box-counting method for the fractal analysis of house designs. Significantly, past research using the box-counting approach has only been applied to the works of Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier and a limited selection of ancient buildings. This paper will not only expand the set of cases tested by adding a sele...

Many books, designers, and design educators talk about visual design principles such as balance, contrast, and alignment, but with little consistency. This study uses empirical methods to explore the lore surrounding design principles. The study took the form of two stages: a quantitative literature review to determine what design principles are mentioned most often in discourse on design, and a card sorting exercise to explore the relationships designers, design educators, and design students saw among the most common design principles. Along with the  card sorting exercise, I used pre and post-exercise surveys to gauge how participants felt and thought about design principles and their use in design practice.

Özet

Bu araştırma İstanbul Gedik Üniversitesi, İç Mimarlık ve Çevre Tasarımı Bölümü’nde Temel Tasarım dersini alan yirmi öğrenci üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın kuramsal zeminini oluşturan çalışmanın birinci kademesinde öğrencilerden, sınırlandırılmış bir düzlem üzerinde, seçtikleri temel geometrik formları kullanarak yüzeysel biçim ilişkilerine yönelik kararlar içeren iki boyutlu kompozisyonlar oluşturmaları istenmiştir. En az iki temel tasarım ilkesi barındırması beklenen çalışmanın son aşamasında ise, geometrik formlar ile temsil edilen yüzeysel kurguların hacimsel ortamda nasıl değerlendirildiğine ilişkin tüm süreçler maket çalışmaları ile tamamlanmıştır. Sonuç ürünleri üzerinden öğrencilerin tasarım reflekslerine ilişkin yaklaşımları tespit edebilmek için yedi soruluk yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin içerik analizi yöntemi ile frekansları tespit edilmiş ve bu frekans değerleri üretilen teknik anlatımlar ile tanımlı hale getirilmiştir. Ayrıca, araştırmanın kuramsal kısıtlılıklarına yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırabilmek ve nesnel yorumlar elde edebilmek için kapsamlı literatür taraması yapılmış ve temel tasarım ilkeleri ile biçim üretimine dair kabul gören uluslararası yaklaşımlar tanımlı hale getirilerek yüzeyden hacime geçiş temrinlerinin temel tasarım dersinde temsil edilmesi fikri detaylandırılmıştır. Öğrencilerin yüzeyden hacime geçiş kararları ile biçim üretimine yönelik yaklaşımları arasında temel tasarım ilkeleri ölçeğinde iletişim kuran bu araştırma ile mevcut tasarım yazınına ve tasarım odaklı lisans programlarında aktarılan temel tasarım eğitimlerine yönelik izlencelerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır.

Abstract

This research has been conducted on twenty students who are taking the Basic Design class in the Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design in İstanbul Gedik University. In the first stage of the study which composes the theoretical background of the research, students were asked to create two-dimensional compositions, on a limited level, that contains decisions about the superficial shape relations by using the basic geometrical forms that they chose. In the last stage of the study that is expected to have at least two basic design principles; all processes about how superficial fictions that are represented with geometrical forms, evaluated in the spatial environment have been completed with model studies. To determine approaches concerning the design reflexes of the students through result products, a semi-structured interview form with seven questions has been used. Frequencies of the acquired data have been determined with content analysis technique and these frequency values have been defined with the produced technical expressions. Also, to bring a new point of view to the theoretical constraints of the research and to get objective commentary, a detailed literature scan has been done and by defining the well-accepted international approaches about production of forms with basic design principles, idea of presenting the practicing of transition from surface to spatial in the basic design class has been detailed. With this study which makes contact between students transition decisions from surface to spatial and approaches for production of shape in the scale of basic design principles, it has been aimed to contribute to the development of current design literature and programmes devoted to conveyed basic design educations in design-oriented license programs.

This article reviews and consolidates different treatments of modularity, redundancy and degeneracy across different disciplines and different system types (spanning both Systems Science and Systems Engineering). This is done with two main objectives. The first is to draw out and compare the perspectives and classifications that are available for these important concepts. The second is to point to areas where there has been a lack of precision or where more rigorous distinctions would help make discourse on these concepts more productive. For modularity and redundancy, we first consider the definitions and variants associated with these concepts. We then identify some key classificatory principles which might be used to distinguish between variants so as to illustrate the diversity across domains and contexts. Degeneracy is addressed by explicitly relating it to redundancy and modularity. We identify two key areas where lack of explicit treatment often results in confusion for the concepts of modularity, redundancy and degeneracy: (i) the level (or `granularity') of analysis; (ii) whether it is types or instances that are being referred to. We hope that by making readers aware of the confusions that can arise, it will also encourage more serious dialogue to take place between practitioners and researchers in different domains so that existing bodies of knowledge can be usefully shared.

Building on practice, action research, and theory, this paper presents a framework and approach for the design of management systems that create sustainable value for multiple stakeholders. This positive approach to design builds on a foundation of Baldrige-based performance excellence concepts and principles and integrates aspects of systems theory, design thinking, appreciative inquiry, and sustainability to design management systems that integrate the perspectives of economic, environmental, and social stakeholders. The design framework, practices, and considerations originally emerged from practice and action research and were refined at the Monfort Institute applications lab using action research methods enhanced with selected case study practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide new insights on the process and practices of management system design to help practitioners design custom leadership and management systems, as well as provide new insights for academic researchers interested in advancing the theory of management by design. Examples and experiences are included to illustrate key concepts related to the “art and science” of management system design.

This paper explores a value-based approach to the programming of training centers. For this purpose, it firstly argues the necessity of considering value sets in the programming. In this case, the advancement of science and technology is a significant factor for the programming. The paper deals with the relationship between value sets in the programming. Thereby, it presents some ideas that can heighten the dimensions of value sets in the programming of training centers.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to synthesise the prior literature on strategy maps to develop a practitioner’s guide to the design of strategy map frameworks. Robert Kaplan and David Norton introduced the strategy map in their 2000 Harvard Business review article. A strategy map visually represents how the critical elements of an organisation’s strategies are linked together. In an organisation’s strategy  execution process, a strategy map complements a performance measurement framework such as the balanced scorecard.
Design/methodology/approach – This is a technical paper, which primarily builds on the prior literature on the strategy map design. In particular, this study reviews 41 publications on strategy maps in the period 2000-2015, including observation of 333 strategy map frameworks.
Findings – This study develops 14 design principles across seven features of a strategy map framework. This study also identifies a significant lack of empirical research on strategy map design features and principles.
Research limitations/implications – Future research could examine whether and why various design features and principles could exert different or same effects (e.g. decision-relevance).
Practical implications – The developed design features and principles can be used by practitioners as guidance for developing customised strategy maps for their organisations.
Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature by serving as a one-stop shop” for both practitioners and researchers seeking a comprehensive understanding of the current state of the strategy map design features and principles.

The first four sections, I.1-III, cover the first twenty-six (26) Considerations and the remaining sections, IV-IX, the remaining seventy-four (74) Considerations, the Guidelines.

These 100 Considerations are explanations of Principles, Ambitions, Models for Gardens and Guidelines. Under each item, the Principles, Ambitions, Models for Gardens and the Guidelines/Patterns, themselves, are set in bold italics. There may be more than one such statement under any item. Treat them as indications. It should be clear from the texts whether they are to be regarded as relatively required, usually to be adopted (given the right circumstances) or quite optional.

This conceptual paper, under the topic track "Culturally-situated practice as design confidence", seeks to propose principles for good Caribbean design and establish a case for design in local cultural policy in West Indian islands; showcasing how a healthy relationship between design and local culture can contribute to creative and culturally proud solutions that can potentially offer economic and social benefits. Five fundamental principles to guide good Caribbean design are proposed, inspired by Caribbean culture and society. This paper applies these principles to show how culturally-situated design and designers can contribute to environmental and economic improvements; cultural continuity-making/keeping cultural traditions relevant and accessible; and visual/language preservation-culturally situated design for identity and communication. This study draws on insight, case studies and research to present the potential value of establishing fundamental Caribbean principles of good design and integrating design and culture in order to reap social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits.

Aims In these Guidelines, I am trying to make sure that I have covered most of the matters that I think ought to be covered to complete a fairly thorough sketch design for a Chinese-style scholar garden of the type to be found in the Jiangnan cities Nanjing, Shanghai, Suzhou (especially), Shanghai, Yangzhou and Wuxi – given that the reader has first studied the Principles, Ambitions and Models for gardens described in the previous Chapter.

This paper recommends a system of upstream taxes on fossil fuels, combined with refunds for downstream emissions capture, to reduce carbon and local pollution emissions. Motor fuel taxes should also account for congestion and other externalities associated with vehicle use, at least until mileage-based taxes are widely introduced. An examination of

ÖZ
Temel tasarım ilkeleri, yüzey üzerinde organize edilen fikirlerin ya da
düşüncelerin estetik yönden tutarlılığı ve ahengi için gerekli olan temel ilkeler
arasında yer almaktadır. Yeni bir çalışmayı oluşturmak için bazı ilkelere başvurmak gerekmektedir. Bu ilkeler, tasarım elemanlarını hem kendi içlerinde hem
de bir arada bütün olarak ilişkiler açısından düzenlemeye olanak sağlayarak yardımcı olmaktadır. Yapılan bu düzenlemeler neticesinde çalışmalar daha farklı
etkiler oluşturarak, ayrıcalık ve önem kazanmaktadır. Tasarım ilkeleri görsel
estetik açısından ögelerin birleşimine dayanak sağlayan ilkelerdir. Tasarım ilkeleri gazete, dergi, kitap vb. ögelerin en temel unsurları arasında bulunmaktadır.
Tasarım ilkelerinden olan bütünlük, denge, vurgu, orantı ve kontrast araştırmanın inceleme kapsamını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 15 gazetenin ana
sayfaları süreklilik göstermesi açısından 7 gün boyunca tasarım ilkeleri çerçevesinde, betimsel analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın temel amacını da gazetelerin ana sayfalarının tasarım ilkelerine uyup uymadığını ortaya koymak oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler gazetelerin
tasarım ilkelerine uygun olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca araştırmada gazetelerin tümünde asimetrik denge yani simetrik olmayan dengenin kullanılmış
olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
ABSTRACT
Basic design principles are among the fundamental principles necessary
for the aesthetic consistency and harmony of ideas or thoughts organized on the
surface. It is necessary to refer to some principles to create a new study. These
principles help by allowing the design elements to be organized in terms of relations both within themselves and as a whole. As a result of these regulations, the
studies create different effects and gain privilege and importance. Design principles are pillars that provide a basis for the combination of elements in terms of
visual aesthetics. Design principles are based on newspapers, magazines, books,
etc. It is among the most basic elements of the elements. Unity, balance, emphasis, proportion and contrast, which are among the design principles, constitute
the scope of the study. In this study, the main pages of 15 newspapers were
examined for 7 days, within the framework of design principles, by descriptive
analysis method. In this context, the main purpose of the study is to reveal whether the main pages of newspapers comply with the design principles. The data
obtained in the study revealed that the newspapers were compatible with the
design principles. In addition, it was concluded that asymmetric balance, that is,
non-symmetrical balance, was used in all newspapers

In this interview, Italian fashion designer Romeo Gigli discusses his story, from the 1980s onwards, and reflects on the principles of his fashion design which constantly questions and redefines its own boundaries - published in "Fashion Practice", 2017

Over-appropriation and degradation of groundwater can result from lack of recognition of, and inappropriate arrangements for, managing groundwater as a common-pool resource. An irrigators group in the Lockyer Valley, South-East Queensland, Australia and the Queensland ...

In recent decades, the concept of existence is increasingly becoming a significant subject in contemporary studies of architecture. However, its concerns in architecture cannot be denied in the last centuries. In the 17 th-century Persia, a philosophical movement had effects on the concept of existence, which coincided with the urban developments, and the establishment of novel civic centers. With respect to philosophical backgrounds of architecture, this study aims to interpret the concept of existence in the designs of civic centers. For this purpose, the primacy of existence to essence, and bestowing of presence are illustrated to analyze the presentations in the designs of civic centers in that era. Then, the presentations are categorized to elucidate manifesting units in the designs of civic centers. Finally, the result of this study presents principles applied in the designs of civic centers, based on the concept of existence.

Script for video: https://youtu.be/qay82MW52k8
Let’s start with the “Mise-en-page”, a fancy French expression that could be translated into English as "Page Layout", but for some reason in Codicology the French term has met fortune and is preferred in almost every Western language. Anyhow, the mise-en-page is the result of fitting text into available spaces.
And for this there are a number of considerations to take into account, because the resulting object, the book, should have appropriate dimensions for its purported use, and at the same time the reader must have access as comfortable as possible to the text, not to mention that the book must keep within budget.
In practice mise-en-page is the result of dividing the text in pages, and the text of each page in lines. The main constraint is, of course, the nature of the writing support, but this operation is also the result of a number of cultural conventions.
That will be our subject for this video and the next one. In particular we shall see:
• The need of a mise-en-page to give potential readers good access to the text
• Which elements must be considered in defining a mise-en-page
• Which cultural constraints are in the mise-en-page design
• What value margins have in the mise-en-page

Target Audience: Senior digital users, Product Designers, Product Developers, Information Technology Business Analysts, Information Technology Compliance team partners.

In current situations, the use of the digital web is becoming more predominant as part of everyday routines. It is essential for web authors to ensure the web content can be accessible by everyone. On the other hand, it is also significant that the user becomes familiar with the existing assistive technologies, which plays a major role in accessing web content by people with disabilities. The primary objective of this article is to articulate the facts about the Aging population, how they relate to digital web accessibility, assistive technologies available to access web content, benefits of making accessible digital products, and best practices for creating accessible web solutions. This article also covers different types of disabilities challenged by people with ageing impairments in accessing the digital web content, as well as the remedies to be used from both the user's and web author's perspectives.

El presente estudio tenía como objetivo explorar la eficacia del Aprendizaje-Servicio 100% online (APSv), implementado durante la pandemia COVID-19 en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios italianos. Los objetivos fueron: comprender, según la perspectiva de los y las estudiantes, ventajas y desventajas de hacer APSv (9 proyectos en total) y el valor atribuido a la experiencia; investigar la eficacia de APSv en el desarrollo de las competencias transversales de los y las estudiantes y el aumento de su percepción de la importancia de estas competencias en su futura actividad laboral. El estudio mostró que los y las estudiantes perciben dificultades relacionadas con: la complejidad del trabajo a distancia, la falta de contacto humano, la comprensión del impacto del proyecto, la descontextualización del servicio, y la falta de competencias digitales. Sin embargo, reconocieron que la esfera digital ofrece nuevas oportunidades para gestionar el trabajo, impactos potencialmente más amplios y nuevos enfoques para el diseño digital. Por último, los resultados proporcionaron información sobre los beneficios del APS 100% online para el desarrollo de competencias transversales (comunicación, habilidades analíticas, habilidades de procesamiento de información y datos digitales, y resolución de problemas digitales). El estudio aporta indicaciones para la práctica docente y la investigación futura.