Digitizing

SUMMARY In the last 15-20 years when technology has entered into our lives, as in the other areas of engineering, it has become a necessity to utilize the conveniences and facilities provided by technology also in the area of cartography. Cadastral map sheets which were produced in earlier times need to be digitized in order to be used in the present day digital cadastre and the GIS(Geographic Information System) environment. However, the fact that the error limits which have been defined by the present regulations for digitizing old cadastral map sheets are low makes it difficult to use those map sheets. For this purpose, a regulation draft has been prepared in order to increase the usability of old cadastral map sheets in Turkey. In the present study, 4 cadastral map sheets of Konya/Turkey at a scale of 1/1000 were digitized and compared with land values and the coordinate differences were calculated. These coordinate differences were compared with the point position error limit v...

Palestra: A digitalização de documentos arquivísticos correntes, intermediários e permanentes como estratégia de preservação digital e constituição de lugares de memória digital e transparência ativa Mediador: Sérgio Diniz
FLORES, Daniel. A digitalização de documentos arquivísticos correntes, intermediários e permanentes como estratégia de preservação digital e constituição de lugares de memória digital e transparência ativa. 60 slides, color, Padrão Slides Google Drive/Docs 16:9. Material elaborado para Palestra online para Arquivologia Solidária. Apoio aos Arquivos do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, RS, 19 de junho de 2024. Disponível em: <http://documentosdigitais.blogspot.com>. Acesso em: 19 de junho de 2024.

The report focuses on the linguistic heritage of K.-F. Rafe (1792-1872), French-speaking Swiss, who lived in Russia for more than twenty years. It consists of a number of Russian grammar, he compiled; many two- and many-speaking dictionaries, as well as translations into French of works linguists, particularly N.I. Grech, A.S. Shishkov, A.K. Vostokov. Rafe merits before Russian linguistics were associated mainly with his two-volume dictionary of Russian language published under the title &quot;The etymological lexicon of Russian or Russian-French dictionary&quot; (SPb., 1835-1836), as well as educational &quot;parallel language dictionary of Russian, French, German and English &quot;. Rafe studied of this dictionary the compilation and publication of which for several decades, from the forties to the sixties of the 19th century, being already outside of Russia. in the name Rafe survived thanks to Louis Leger, its founder, who reissued Reyfovu grammar in 1878, partly reworked by expa...

We describe a project to create a three dimensional digital model of Michelangelo’s Florentine Pietà. In particular, we examine how to edit and interactively view the model that consists of millions of tri angles and hundreds of color and normal maps.

Garantir a preservacao da memoria da arquitetura e urbanismo brasileiro e expandir o acesso pelos pesquisadores e publico em geral, por meio da rede Internet, a conteudos de significativa importância tem sido objeto de atividades e projetos especiais desenvolvidos pela Biblioteca da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FAU-USP). O trabalho tem por objetivo contextualizar as atividades que vem sendo realizadas com foco na organizacao e acesso online ao acervo de periodicos brasileiros, em formatos convencionais e digitais, em âmbito nacional e internacional. A consolidacao de conhecimentos e desenvolvimento de competencias especificas de uma pratica de documentacao vem sendo contemplada, propiciando as condicoes necessarias para a continuidade desse processo.

After short introduction to carte-á-figure genre of maps discussed are three maps of Poland belonging to this category: the first state of Hondius’ Nova POLONIAE delineatio”, Visscher’s “Haec Tabula nova POLONIAE et SILESIAE, and Speed’s A NEWE MAPE OF POLAND. For the origin of the Hondius’ map a more precise range of dates is proposed. Question of the Visscher map’s order of states is clarified, supported by evidence from the author’s research. Finally, line of reasoning is presented and arguments quoted disproving widely held belief in priority of the Speed’s map over the Visscher’s. Also, dissimilarities between images of Silesia on Hondius’ and Visscher’s maps together with possible reasons of these are considered.

In this paper we describe a 3D scanning software suite which gives support to most of the processing phases of a complex 3D scanning project. In particular, our tools support: range maps alignment, range maps merge, mesh editing and mesh simplification. The software suite has been implemented by scratch and encompasses both up-to-date solutions (alignment, editing) and some original methods (merging, simplification, and, in part, alignment). The architecture of the software suite is described and an evaluation of its ...

The dichotomy between detail representation and data management is still a big issue in the context of the acquisition and visualization of 3D objects, especially in the field of Cultural Heritage. New technologies give the possibility to acquire very detailed geometry, but very often it&#x27;s very hard to process the amount of data produced. In this paper we present a project which aimed at virtually reconstructing the impressive (7x11 m.) portal of the Ripoll Monastery, Spain. The monument was acquired using triangulation laser scanning ...

The constant evolution of technological tools and the benefit of the introduction of new technologies in the teaching and learning process in schools, suggests that the possibilities of using digital technology in the practices of the evaluation of learning inside and outside the classroom.

With the several developments in visualization, sensing, perception innovation, and transmission systems, 3D information has considered as main part of real-world applications such as multimedia, medical, architecture, manufacturing, computer vision, security, and more. Acquiring the scene depth information is one of the fundamental demands for some of these applications. Although the extracting of 3D information has been studied for more than three decades in different fields including robotics, computer graphics, and computer vision, it remains a challenge and fundamental issue. Systems with high accuracy, more quality of information and high frame rate of data processing have been a unique research opportunity for numerous researchers in order to control the huge volume data and provide convenient solutions. Therefore, several 3D systems of various types, which have satisfied multiple objectives have been proposed and developed to meet the previous requirements. However, in the l...

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Summary This paper explains the basic concepts and tools available for the comparison of early maps with modern counterparts. This comparison, which can be done using best fitting techniques through proper transformations of sets of points of the early map into corresponding sets of points of the modern counterpart, allows the study of the geometric and projective properties of early maps which is of main interest in the quantitative domain of the history of maps. Modern digital processing offers today easy tools for such comparative studies and this paper intends to give some fundamentals from the underlying theory and practice of the transformations, using no formulae but illustrations. In this way it is hoped that specialists in the field of cartographic heritage, including history of cartography and maps, having no previous opportunities to deal with the subject, could get hints on the issue, which may facilitate the dialogue with cartographers dealing with the nature of early m...

This work starts from the observation that today cartographic globes, present in almost every museum and art collection, are deprived of part of their value. They are actually considered as art objects, meant to decorate the halls of historical buildings and now relegated in museums, without recognizing the cartographic value that they deserve. From this consideration we want to investigate the different aspects of these cartographic spheres. We intend to improve the knowledge of their cartographic value under the double aspect of the material support and the depicted (or applied) cartography.

This work is part of a research branch that studies how to acquire metric, semantic and symbolic information from historical maps without damaging the physical support. The technological growth regarding both mechanical instruments and digital high-resolution sensors allowed the development of suitable tools for the digitization of historical maps and creation of more accurate digital models; therefore, by now, the use of automatic systems for acquisition of digital data is continuously spreading. In the work described in this paper we used a robotic arm (UR10), on which we mounted a digital camera in order to acquire high-resolution images of any object following a regular grid. The arm movement was programmed to keep the rotation angles of the camera constant while shifting it at pre-defined quantities along the two axes. The tests performed demonstrated that we could obtain a three-dimensional model with an accuracy below the millimetre in an almost automatic way.

SUMMARY In the last 15-20 years when technology has entered into our lives, as in the other areas of engineering, it has become a necessity to utilize the conveniences and facilities provided by technology also in the area of cartography. Cadastral map sheets which were produced in earlier times need to be digitized in order to be used in the present day digital cadastre and the GIS(Geographic Information System) environment. However, the fact that the error limits which have been defined by the present regulations for digitizing old cadastral map sheets are low makes it difficult to use those map sheets. For this purpose, a regulation draft has been prepared in order to increase the usability of old cadastral map sheets in Turkey. In the present study, 4 cadastral map sheets of Konya/Turkey at a scale of 1/1000 were digitized and compared with land values and the coordinate differences were calculated. These coordinate differences were compared with the point position error limit v...

У конспектi лекцiй наведенi основнi ввiднi вiдомостi до предмету з рiзального iнструменту. Для глибокого вивчення дисциплiни необхiдно користуватися спецiальною лiтературою, перелiк якої наводиться в кiнцi кожного роздiлу.The lecture notes provide basic introductory information on the subject “Cutting tools and tooling for automated production”. For in-depth study of the discipline, it is necessary to use special literature, a list of which is provided at the end of each section.В конспекте лекций приведены основные вводные сведения к предмету &quot;Режущий инструмент и инструментальное обеспечение автоматизированного производства&quot;. Для глубокого изучения дисциплiни необходимо пользоваться специальной литературой, перечень которой наводится в конце каждого раздела

Nowadays, digital technology has affected to the design attitude and methods for product success in this competitive market. In particular, it is critical point to keep the product quality matching product criteria for the safe and health industry. In Korean market, there are several respirators for industrial purpose. Some of them are imported from the global manufacturers such as 3M, and the rests are developed in domestic companies. However, most of them have the face seal leakage problem, because they were not designed by the watertight research for Korean facial characteristics. The focus of the study is to establish a design process to match a face piece of industrial respirator for Korean facial characteristics. To accomplish the study aims, the following procedure was implemented. (1) For a test panel, 60 Korean were selected by research parameters. (2) shape of faces from the test panel was scanned by 3d digitizer. (3) the parameter scales for 3 standard faces(L,M,S) were e...

In this paper we describe the virtual reconstruction of a dismantled and dispersed piece of art: the Funerary Complex of Arrigo VII. To faithfully reconstruct the monument, all of the statues and elements of the mausoleum have been acquired in digital 3D format; then, with advanced computer graphics techniques, some of the accredited reconstructing hypothesis have been assembled and evaluated.

У статтi розглянуто практичнi аспекти вивчення субпiксельної технологiї, якi можуть бути використанi в навчальному процесi. Суть методики полягає в отриманнi цифрового знiмка i наступної обробцi матрицi значень пiкселiв у градацiях сiрого кольору з визначенням рiвносигнальних зон субпiкселiв. Пiсля обробки всiх рiвносигнальних зон отримують цифровий знiмок пiдвищеної розрiзненностi

The article carries out the theoretical basis, the usefulness, and validation of the computational program geonetDigitizer (licensed as an open-source code as BSD-2) in order to apply as a toolbox for the programming language MATLAB©. The program geonetDigitizer was designed for the digitalization of plots expressed in the spherical projections Wulff and Lambert, which is of extensive use in structural geology and geomechanics. The reasons of presenting the program as an open code has the purpose to recover historical data presented in those projections, as also to recover old and modern information presented in that projections. All of these will reduce the possible phenomenon known as Digital Dark Age. To validate the code, it is presented here two examples, where real known values are compared with their corresponding values obtained by the process of digitizing. Finally, in the appendix is presented two application examples.

Abstract: The deployment of 3D optical scanning technologies for measuring three-dimensional shapes of sculptures of high morphological complexity, have seen recently a development so noticeable that it emerges as one of the most promising methods for the analysis and preservation of the Cultural Heritage. In spite of an undoubted richness of information produced with this technique, the method for generating a digital model from single 3D acquisitions involves errors propagation that may deteriorate the actual metric ...

This paper presents an improved method for spatially accurate extraction of detailed features from historical cartographic sources for use in time series analysis in GIS. This method uses Adobe Photoshop to extract features from a series of maps in the southern Burgundy region of France, with dates ranging from 1759 to 2002. The method is defined and the benefits of

Recently a collection of ancient maps was found in the Institute of Marine Sciences of CNR in Venice. The collection includes maps, perspective views, pilot books and ancient manuscripts: this work took into account a selection of maps and documents representing the Venice Lagoon and the Adriatic coast. The first part of this research focused on the application of a scientific method for digital acquisition of historical cartography; thanks to the Geomatic tools and especially to digital photogrammetry it is possible to acquire metric, semantic and symbolic information and also the three-dimensional shape of the geometrical support to correct the deformations occurred over time. In order to allow historical and morphological analysis of the Venice Lagoon, one of the main goals of this research will be the creation of a digital catalogue on a web-gis platform with all the ancient maps acquired. In this way it will be possible to query and to overlap the maps in an interactive way, al...

In a 3D acquisition project range maps collected around the object to be modeled, need to be integrated. With portable range cameras these range maps are taken from unknown positions and their coordinate systems are local to the sensor. The problem of unifying all the measurements in a single reference system is solved by taking contiguous range maps with a suitable overlap level; taking one map as reference and doing a rototranslation of the adjacent ones by using an&quot; Iterative Closest Point&quot;(ICP) method. Depending on the 3D ...

This work is part of a research branch that studies how to acquire metric, semantic and symbolic information from historical maps without damaging the physical support. The technological growth regarding both mechanical instruments and digital high-resolution sensors allowed the development of suitable tools for the digitization of historical maps and creation of more accurate digital models; therefore, by now, the use of automatic systems for acquisition of digital data is continuously spreading. In the work described in this paper we used a robotic arm (UR10), on which we mounted a digital camera in order to acquire high-resolution images of any object following a regular grid. The arm movement was programmed to keep the rotation angles of the camera constant while shifting it at pre-defined quantities along the two axes. The tests performed demonstrated that we could obtain a three-dimensional model with an accuracy below the millimetre in an almost automatic way.

The article describes the effect of the replacement of the used reference coordinate system in the georeferencing of an old map of Europe. The map was georeferenced into three types of projection – the equal-area conic (original cartographic projection), cylindrical Plate Carrée and cylindrical Mercator map projection. The map was georeferenced by means of the affine and the second-order polynomial transformation. The resulting georeferenced raster datasets from the Plate Carrée and Mercator projection were projected into the equal-area conic projection by means of projection equations. The output is the comparison of drawn graphics, the magnitude of standard deviations for individual projections and types of transformation. Keywords—Georeferencing, reference coordinate system, transformation, standard deviation. I. PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS IN GEOREFERENCING HE georeferencing of old maps is a process consisting of a series of individual acts. The process of digitizing map data usually do...

Generally, maps are subject to spatial changes due to several factors. Some of these are older land surveying and mapmaking techniques, human endeavor (unwitting errors, misrepresentation, bias, or outright fraud), switching to newer and more accurate spheroids or projections, and intentional spatial changes for political or security purposes. This problem arises when we combine information from existing paper maps with data from Global Positioning System (GPS) readings or with scanned maps or satellite imagery. Maps from different sources, from different types and different years (historical maps) do often miss the needed transformation parameters. The correct integration of these pieces of information (e.g. GIS data) requires a correct matching of the data as far as geographic location is concerned. This research aims to find an analytical objective methodology by which historical maps can be examined against modern ones to detect and locate the spatial changes using digital raste...

Summary In cartographic heritage we suddenly find maps of the same mapmaker and of the same area, published in different years, or new editions due to integration of cartographic, such us in national cartographic series. These maps have the same projective system and the same cut, but they present very small differences. The manual comparison can be very difficult and with uncertain results, because it&#x27;s easy to leave some particulars out. It is necessary to find an automatic procedure to compare these maps and a solution can be ...