Entrepreneurial

Globalisation and production trends which comes from Western Europe make a situation in which the domestic universities and institutes are not able to transfer in commercial level in small and medium enterprises (SME's). Are there chance that technology parks in the future will be substitution for these organisations? Technology parks represent the place of SME's development, the place of the most direct technological transfer, where faculties and institutes gain their chance to present their scientific knowledge, adding a business spirit to their teaching role. New Technology Parks may really help the recovery of Bosnian economy, but a deep knowledge of the critical points of the local competitiveness is a must, has to be achieved before planning the technology park; a system of relationships: University/research + entrepreneur/industry + local government + bank/financial institutions must be defined; Both real estate and service strategies must be simultaneously planned ...

The right 4P strategy empowers organisations to pursue their marketing objectives in the target markets and therefore achieve the organisational objectives. Proper implementation of the right 4P strategy ensures provision of the right product, at the right price, in the right place thus, confirms that resources are efficiently and effectively utilized. This study aims to investigate the impact of 4P strategies on organisation performance in the garments industry of Bangladesh based on CEPZ (Chittagong Export Processing Zone). McCarthy’s (1964) 4 P’s (such as product, price, place, and promotion) are considered as the elements of 4Ps in this study. Data was collected through survey where a structured questionnaire, containing 25 closed-ended questions, was used. A total of 180 respondents were selected conveniently for this survey. The data was analysed using SPSS 24.0 version. From the findings of the study it was found that product, place, price and promotional strategies significa...

Social media being established as an effective medium of communication, marketers now highly focus on social media marketing create brand awareness and institute brand loyalty. Considering social media is the most popular among the urban youth of the country and Facebook being most popular social media site, this study is thus designed in order to identify the impact of Facebook marketing on urban youth’s brand loyalty.  Information was derived by conducting a validated questionnaire with a sample of 306 people which was further evaluated through regression analysis. It was found night time, 08:01 PM – 5:59 AM, is the most popular time period for the urban youth to use Facebook. Funny, informative, international/ national news contents are top preferred content on Facebook. A positive relationship between urban youth’s brand loyalty and components such as advantageous campaign, facebook group, popular contents and brand’s relevant contents of Facebook marketing. Whereas, updated con...

The quality of the human resource of an organization is essential to its success. Thus, every organization must seek to improve the quality of its workforce. One way of achieving this is through training and development programs. The importance of training and development programs can only be appreciated with a clear understanding of its direct impact on employee performance. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of training and development programs on employee performance. The data for this study has been collected through a structured questionnaire by conducting a survey. The sample size of this study is 100 and is chosen based on convenience sampling technique from different chemical and manufacturing industries of Bangladesh. All the data of this study were processed and analysed through SPSS 20. The value of Cronbach Alpha was 0.725, means that the data of this study is reliable according to Nunnaly, (1978). Hypotheses were tested through multiple regression anal...

This conceptual study approaches the creation process of new businesses from the perspective of organisational creativity and imagination in entrepreneurial opportunity process. Currently, organisational creativity and imagination have been linked to the creative view or creation theory in the entrepreneurial opportunity process field of research. We argue that our theoretical illustration concerning the dialectical creation process of entrepreneurial opportunities describes an early phase of the creation of new businesses. According to our theoretical illustration, entrepreneurs create new unknown effects from the given means or tools (the logic of effectuation) in the creative space (called in-between). In this manner, the creative space including subject, object and community (i.e., neutral opportunities) is empty at the beginning of the entrepreneurial opportunity process, and it is completed by elements of business environment (i.e., intension-driven entrepreneurial opportunities) such as rules, tools, signs and division of labour.

In developing countries, the role of women in the business sector is continuously improving. As a result, female enterprises have also been encouraged in Pakistan. This study is based on life cycle development phases from which women-owned enterprises have to go through in order to become successful. As a primary data source, face-to-face interviews with owners of successful women-owned enterprises were preferred. The data collection process was divided into two phases i.e. Phase-I and Phase-II. After data collection, qualitative analysis has been performed using NVIVO. Findings provide both generic and specific factors involved in life cycle development of women-owned enterprises. This study provides a detailed view of life cycle development model followed by successful women enterprises. The outcome of this research work is a theoretical finding which can be utilized by entrepreneurs owning small scale enterprises to improve their level of performance. Findings can also be helpful...

This study examines the nexus between energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in selected industrialized countries and selects the industrialized countries where three are industrialized and two are a newly industrial growing country out of five. The panel section implies the period from 1980 to 2014 for selected countries. The WDI is the main data source for the selected variables. This study conducts the FMOLS method, which is suggested by unit root and the Johansen co integrations test. The Granger causality also uses to estimate the causality in current variables. The Johansen Fisher co-integration test indicates the long-run association’s among the variable. The FMOLS technique estimates the marginal effect that industrialization and energy outlay is an authentic and significant influence on CO2 emission. Panel Ganger causality also shows a reliable result to estimate the causal relation.

This research intended to explore the performance of the management fresh fisheries supply chain and, eventually: to analyze the management, supporting facility and distribution and factors that affect the supply chain in Fafak, West Papua. The method used in this research is Soft System Methodology (SSM), which is expected to be able to solve problem through dialogue and qualitative method, as well as explicitly considers the aspect of ethic, sustainability and human values. There are seven stages in SSM, which includes: 1) supply chain problematic situation in fishery industry (2) revealing problem and creation of rich picture in building root definition/ relevant system (3) root definition/relevant system (4) reating conceptual model (5) comparing conceptual model with situation in the real world (6) formulating plan of maintenance action (7) execution of action plan. Problematic situation was analyzed using fish-bone diagram to help the designer to focus on the most important ro...

Purpose-The main source behind the success of an organization is the job satisfaction of an employee therefore, it plays a vital role for an organization to be successful and attain desired strategic goals. Method/Design- The primary data through adopted questionnaire has been collected for conclusion of this study. Health and safety, disabled support, and employee rights as independent variables and job satisfaction as a dependent variable has been considered. The data was collected using Convenience Sampling Technique. Data has been analyzed through SPSS version 21 and two statistical techniques such as Reliability and multiple regression analysis were applied for analysis purpose. Results- The findings of this study revealed that all the above-studied variables are found significant and positive on job satisfaction in the context of private schools in Hyderabad, Sindh. Originality/Contribution- It is recommended that private schools should consider these above mentioned -factors ...

... From four-course Peking duck to take-away Singapore rice. ... on average lasting one to two hours per meeting) – with owners or workers of ethnic Chinese restaurants ... contrast with conventional close-ended surveys, allowed me to learn about factors and concerns of importance ...

Developments in the global and national economies as well as the labour market, have made it necessary that more attention be paid to entrepreneurship and the updating of curricula presented by tertiary institutions. For this purpose reliable and valid information is required. The primary objectives of this article are to report on the levels of students’ entrepreneurial traits, to establish whether these traits are interrelated, and to determine the extent of the impact that demographic variables have on these entrepreneurial traits. A convenience sampling method (n = 1,215) was used. The best developed entrepreneurial traits observed included: “Competing against self‐imposed standards”, “Self‐confidence” and “Dealing with Failure”. Statistically significant relationships were also identified between the entrepreneurial traits of students and the tertiary institution attended, and students’ gender, race and age.

This study sought to analyse the extent of the application of Fourth Industrial Revolution techniques (4 IR) in the tourism sector of Zimbabwe using the Victoria Falls as a case study. The objective of the study was to analyse the effectiveness of 4IR technologies on the competitiveness amongst tourist operators and to determine strategies that could be adapted to improve the use of 4IR technological trends. A sample of 96 tourist respondents were used in the study, as well as 30 tour operators. The study also used probability sampling through systematic random sampling for tourists and non-probability sampling through random sampling for tour operators. The findings clearly showed that pre-travel technologies used by tour operators have enhanced tourists  choice of patronage. However, on-site technologies used by tour operators were limited acording to tourists who indicated that they were not satiesfied with the extent to which on-site technologies were applied. The reasons behind...

The study was conducted to establish the impact of financial management practices on the perdomance of SMEs in Zimbabwe. The problem statement identified lack of business growth of SMEs. The objectives of the study were to establish the impact of financial management  practices on the sustainable growth of SMEs. The study was based on a sample of 101 SMEs from the Catering Industry that were selected through random sampling. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 2.2. The findings revealed that SMEs used mostly four financial management practices: capital budgeting, working capital management, Capital structure, and financial reporting analysis. The challenges faced by SMEs in implementing prudent financial management practices were mainly poor management skills, lack of business registration and lack of financial literacy skills. The results of the study implied that most challenges faced by SMEs were internally localised. The study recommended a model for growth of SMEs in wh...

Purpose- As the global warming and pollution is increasing day by day, it is necessary to take active steps to overcome this. In this study age is considered an important variable in order to predict the purchase intention towards eco-friendly products in Hyderabad, Sindh.  Method/Design- Primary data has been collected by 172 respondents through adopted questionnaires. The respondents were the consumers located in different areas of Hyderabad, Sindh. Two different demographic profiles (age and level of income) were taken to determine its influence on intention to purchase eco-friendly products.  Findings- The findings of this study revealed that age is found to have significant impact on purchase intention. However, it has been found out that level of income doesn’t have significant association with purchase intention.   Practical Implications- The results of this study can helps marketer to make strategies for eco-friendly products and differentiate it from traditional products ...

The exploration sought to analyse the effects of procurement procedures on customer satisfaction through a case study of United Refineries Limited. As the industry in Zimbabwe had been enlarging in size and intricacy, so too did the challenges met across the procurement sector. Instances of such challenges comprised inter alia varying customer preferences, the requirement for ecological practices and the need to sustain relationships in the supply chain. The study was based on the network theory which highlighted that businesses in a network cannot create procurement procedures at liberty and independently without involving others in the network. The investigation assessed the effect of procurement procedures on customer satisfaction through the utilisation of the descriptive design. The research population comprised of 107 employees and 25 customers aggregated based on daily walk-ins. The sample was 84 respondents for employees and 20 for customers in terms of which judgmental samp...

The purpose for this paper is to explore social media marketing from
the perspective of entrepreneurial learning. The theoretical basis consists of
contributions from the fields of organisational learning and entrepreneurship.
An empirical study involving ten companies has been carried out. The
data were analysed with methods inspired by grounded theory. Categories
describing the companies’ social media presence from an entrepreneurial
learning perspective are provided. The value of using organisational learning as
a framework for social media marketing is shown. Thus, the paper presents a
novel way of studying social media activities which should contribute to the
theoretical fields of organisational learning and entrepreneurship as well as to
the understanding of social media marketing. For practitioners, the findings
provide additional knowledge that should be useful for their own social media
activities.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the nature and process of leadership in a mid‐sized, family‐controlled bank in Singapore in order to understand how it grew and developed under family control.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on distributed leadership as a theoretical framework in exploring how a major corporate acquisition was conceived and undertaken to advance the bank's growth and development. Data were obtained through structured interviews with managers based on a three‐part discussion protocol following a pre‐interview questionnaire.FindingsAn “extended” system of leadership involving different levels of managers is developed that successfully completed the acquisition and produced significant growth from the combined businesses.Research limitations/implicationsBased on a single case, the paper does not claim that the observed phenomena are typical of mid‐sized family‐controlled businesses (FCBs). However, for scholars, the paper suggests how studyi...

Sustaining employees performance is a critical process. Employee sustainability is crucial for achieving organizational sustainability. For an organization, it's important to understand the individual employees perspective based on their age differences. Needs and resources are different for young employees and old employees. This paper proposes a model of sustaining employees performance of diverse age groups of employees by considering individual employee’s based on Herzberg two factor theory, the motivational theory of lifespan development, and transformational leadership theory. This is a conceptual paper in nature and has successfully developed a model. The proposed model has covered important areas which can create employees satisfaction to retain them in the organization. Employee retention has been proposed as a mediator which is a strong component to build employee’s sustainable performance. For the researcher and practitioners, it will be recommended to test this model...

Having noted the importance of small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey, studies a number of current management issues such as globalisation, European Union
(EU) membership, Internet and telecommunication technologies, protectionism, foreign capital inflow, and increasing consumer awareness that are likely to play a crucial role in the SMEs’ future. After conducting in-depth interviews with 31 SME owners/managers, found that there is a positive attitude towards these issues even though the respondents lack a clear and comprehensive understanding of the pros and cons. Hence, in light of the findings of this study,there is an obvious need for gaining insights about the business environment for Turkish SMEs and designing and employing a strategic perspective if they are to capitalise on emerging opportunities and avoid threats in the new business environment.

The business development undertaken by this partner group includes several issues. Problems related to the development of marketing activities that have been carried out so far and want to change the marketing concept from online to offline. Although constrained by the limited location of store stock from each coffee partner, they still want to innovate directly through the idea of ​​a tavern. The concept of business planning and product innovation is not yet understood as a tool that effectively recognizes business potential through on-going shop innovation. Marketing problems through other promotional media and cooperation. The method of implementation used to obtain solutions and target outcomes set, through training, technical guidance, and assistance. In the implementation of a team with experts who are experts in their fields, determine the stages and procedures in getting solutions to problems faced by partners, so partners can develop into sustainable businesses, and have co...

This study was carried out to examine the impact of green marketing on financial performance in textile industry. The variables taken into consideration are green brand awareness and green advertisement. A total of 230 respondents’ opinions were collected out of which 206 were found usable. Correlation and multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses and to analyze the data. Green brand awareness turned out to have a significant impact on financial performance. In contrast green advertisement was found out to have an insignificant impact on financial performance. This study contributes to the literature in a number of ways as no such study has been carried out in Pakistan's context. This study will help marketers and managers to get an insight of the impact of green marketing on financial performance which has been inconclusive for a longer period of time. This could help them to improve their companies financially by including strategies related to green marketing

Employees are one of the leading assets of any organization and the vigorous role they play towards an organisation’s success cannot be undervalued. Accordingly, equipping these unique assets through effective training becomes imperative in order to maximize the job performance. Also position them to take on the challenges of the today’s competitive business climate. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of organization’s training on employee performance. The nature of this study was quantitative and data for this study had been collected through structured questionnaire by conducting survey. A total 200 respondents were selected through convenience sampling technique from the different private banks, mainly from Chattogram. All the data of this study were processed and analyzed through SPSS software (version 24). The value of Cronbach Alpha was 0.796 which means that the data of this study is reliable according to Nunnaly, (1978). Hypotheses were test...