Exterior Orientation

Within the last five years extensive research was done using integrated GPS/inertial systems for the direct georeferencing of airborne sensors for high-end applications. Pushed by the development and practical use of digital sensor systems, originally started with laser scanner systems ...

In this paper, a methodology for the calculation of rough exterior orientation (EO) parameters of multiple large-scale overlapping oblique aerial images, in the case that GPS/INS information is not available (e.g., for old datasets), is presented. It consists of five main steps; (a) the determination of the overlapping image pairs and the single image in which four ground control points have to be measured; (b) the computation of the transformation parameters from every image to the coordinate reference system; (c) the rough estimation of the camera interior orientation parameters; (d) the estimation of the true horizon line and the nadir point of each image; (e) the calculation of the rough EO parameters of each image. A developed software suite implementing the proposed methodology is tested using a set of UAV multi-perspective oblique aerial images. Several tests are performed for the assessment of the errors and show that the estimated EO parameters can be used either as initial approximations for a bundle adjustment procedure or as rough georeferencing information for several applications, like 3D modelling, even by non-photogrammetrists, because of the minimal user intervention needed. Finally, comparisons with a commercial software are made, in terms of automation and correctness of the computed EO parameters.

This work focuses on the stochastic properties of boresight determi nation between a strapdown IMU and a frame- based imaging sensor. The core of the stochastic model is a rigorous error propagation of the estimated input accuracies and their correlations. This subsequently yields mor e realistic estimates of boresight accuracy for every image event. The nature of INS/GPS integration makes

Scan2Map is an airborne remote-sensing system developed under the lead of the TOPO lab at the EPFL. Typically operated aboard a helicopter, it is dedicated for small mission areas (a few square kilometres at the maximum) and offers a sub-decimetre accuracy of the derived mapping products (orthophotos, digital surface- and terrain models). To achieve this high quality independently from ground

Abstract-Similarity measurements between 3 0 objects and 2 0 images are useful for the tasks of object recognition and classification. We distinguish between two types of similarity metrics: metrics computed in image-space (image metrics) and metrics computed in ...

In this paper, a methodology for the calculation of rough exterior orientation (EO) parameters of multiple large-scale overlapping oblique aerial images, in the case that GPS/INS information is not available (e.g., for old datasets), is presented. It consists of five main steps; (a) the determination of the overlapping image pairs and the single image in which four ground control points have to be measured; (b) the computation of the transformation parameters from every image to the coordinate reference system; (c) the rough estimation of the camera interior orientation parameters; (d) the estimation of the true horizon line and the nadir point of each image; (e) the calculation of the rough EO parameters of each image. A developed software suite implementing the proposed methodology is tested using a set of UAV multi-perspective oblique aerial images. Several tests are performed for the assessment of the errors and show that the estimated EO parameters can be used either as initial...

Natural hazard mapping requires techniques that can provide accurate and sporadic geo-referenced data. When facing difficult accessibility of the terrain and large mapping areas, the aerial photogrammetry offers the best solution to this problem. Nevertheless, in the domain of avalanche studies the classical photogrammetry reaches its limits when volumes of snow are the parameters to be determined. The difficulties of

This paper describes a new model developed at UCL for along track stereo sensors. The model is tested on SPOT HRS data provided under the SPOT Assessment Project (SAP) set up by CNES and ISPRS. The SPOT HRS data has been used to test a new sensor model for along track satellite data, and to generate a DEM using the Leica Photogrammetry Suite (LPS). The model described in this paper uses the collinearity equations in combination with astrodynamics. The main and fundamental point during the development of this model was to benefit from acquisition in the same orbit. The collinearity equations are modified to model the characteristics of a pushbroom scanner and the number of exterior orientation parameters. The state vector at the origin point of each image is computed. The results of testing the model with HRS data show that the model provides a stable, accurate and rigorous solution. The solution for the orientation from the LPS gives similar results to the new model and generates a ...

By direct georeferencing, i.e. the direct measurement of the exterior orientation of an imaging sensor using an integrated system con- sisting of receivers of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and a strap-down Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), many applications can be realized more efficiently and economically due to the reduction or elimination of required ground control and tie point infor- mation.

This work presents a camera calibration procedure for a stereo vision system to be applied in visual inspection ac- tivities involving the three-dimensional reconstruction of a scene. The presented procedure encompasses a robust method developed for solving the non-linear least-squares problems encountered, in order to obtain the global solution, and hence achieve the smallest error in estimating the param- eters

High-resolution satellite images (HRSI) at sub-5m footprint are becoming increasingly available. A set of algorithms for processing of HRSI has been developed at the Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry (IGP), ETH Zurich and realized in a software suite called SAT-PP (Satellite Image Precision Processing). The SAT-PP features mainly include: GCP measurements, image georeferencing with RPC approach and various other sensor

In this paper the sensor model evaluation and DEM generation for CARTOSAT-1 pan stereo data is described. The model is tested on CARTOSAT-1 data provided under the ISPRS-ISRO Cartosat-1 Scientific Assessment Programme (C-SAP). The data has been evaluated using the along track model which is developed in UCL, and the Rational Polynomials Coefficient model (RPCs) model which is included in Erdas Photogrammetry Suite (EPS). A DEM is generated in EPS. However, the most important progress that is represented in this paper is the use of the Coplanarity Equation based on the UCL sensor model where the velocity and the rotation angles are not constant. The importance of coplanarity equation is analyzed in the sensor modelling procedure and in DEM generation process.

Within the paper the results of several studies will be presented, which have been carried out at ifp in order to evaluate the performance of digital airborne pushbroom cameras for photogrammetric data acquisition. In close cooperation with the respective system developers the DPA ( ...

For the past fifteen years line photogrammetry has been an extremely active area of research in the photogrammetry and computer vision communities. It differs from traditional analytical photogrammetry in the nature of the primitives employed in a variety of its fundamental tasks. While in traditional photogrammetry zero-dimensional entities, i.e., points are exclusively used as a driving power in its various orientation and exploitation procedures - in line photogrammetry as the name suggests linear, that is one-dimensional features often corresponding to elongated man-made features in the object space are employed. Of course, that means that no prior correspondence between distinct point in object space and its projection in the image is required and the entire linear feature (with arbitrary geometry) is accommodated in the appropriate mathematical model. However, despite a great effort in that field, only the resection problem, i.e. the solution of the exterior orientation from l...

In this paper, a GPS-independent mobile navigation and mapping system is introduced. This system employs the photogrammetric intersection to determine the coordinates of the surrounding objects and then it uses these newly known objects to compute its own position, when it moves, by the photogrammetric resection. The photogrammetric resection output - the exterior orientation parameters - is then used as

This paper summarizes the most important conclusions that can be drawn from recent developments in automatic aerial triangulation. The focus of the paper is on a shift from points to linear and areal features. After motivating this shift, the paper deals extensively with the use of control features to recover the exterior orientation parameters. Two different approaches are presented, namely an image point to control feature relationship, and an image feature to control feature relationship. The latter relationship requires fitting the appropriate feature through data points. The paper continues with an account of remaining problems and concludes with suggested future research and directions of automatic aerial triangulation.

Quality Control (QC) is a critical step in the mapping process when using Applanix POS AV system in the direct georeferencing mode or in the aerotriangulation mode of mapping. Therefore, in this paper, the necessary steps of quality control of direct georeferencing data is presented in some detail. This is presented through Applanix PSOPAC software package using real mapping data sets. First, a brief description of the quality control steps of POS data is introduced. Then a description of the simultaneous use of navigation/imagery data is presented through the DLC TM Concept.

In this paper, a GPS-independent mobile navigation and mapping system is introduced. This system employs the photogrammetric intersection to determine the coordinates of the surrounding objects and then it uses these newly known objects to compute its own position, when it moves, by the photogrammetric resection.

ABSTRACT: In this paper, a GPS-independent mobile navigation and mapping system is introduced. This system employs the photogrammetric intersection to determine the coordinates of the surrounding objects and then it uses these newly known objects to ...

The registration and geometric rectification of airborne scanner imagery is a prerequisite for the processing and analysis of this type of images. Within the paper the geometric processing of scanner imagery acquired from the Digital Photogrammetric Assembly (DPA), which is an ...

Within the last five years extensive research was done using integrated GPS/inertial systems for the direct georeferencing of airborne sensors for high-end applications. Pushed by the development and practical use of digital sensor systems, originally started with laser scanner systems and followed by imaging multi-line pushbroom scanners, direct georeferencing offers the only way for an efficient sensor orientation process. Nonetheless,

The pushbroom scanner HRSC (High Resolution Stereo Camera) onboard the European Mars Express mission is orbiting the planet Mars since January 2004 and delivers stereoscopic imagery with five panchromatic and four colour channels. This paper describes the process of improving the exterior orientation of the HRSC which is needed in order to derive high quality products such as high resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and ortho image mosaics from the data. The systematic photogrammetric processing for improving the exterior orientation is divided into two steps: First, a large number of tie points have to be automatically determined in the images using digital image matching. Second, a bundle adjustment is carried out using the globally available MOLA (Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter) DTM as control information. The developed approaches of the matching and the bundle adjustment will be described in this paper. After that, the performance of both methods will be evaluated with respec...

Within the last five years extensive research was done using integrated GPS/inertial systems for the direct georeferencing of airborne sensors for high-end applications. Pushed by the development and practical use of digital sensor systems, originally started with laser scanner systems and followed by imaging multi-line pushbroom scanners, direct georeferencing offers the only way for an efficient sensor orientation process. Nonetheless, even for standard frame based camera systems, digital or analogue, the use of direct orientation measurements is useful in especially in – from a photogrammetric point of view – unfavourable applications like corridor surveys or single model orientation. In the ideal case using direct exterior orientation elements with sufficient accuracy image orientation without any ground control is possible. Within this paper the use of integrated systems in airborne environments is discussed, where the main emphasis is laid on the combination with standard anal...

abstract Stereoscopic video capture, storage and display are critical tasks for several video metric applications and usually require specialized equipment. A low cost configuration for stereoscopic video imaging has been developed in the Laboratory of Photogrammetry of the National Technical University of Athens. The system consists of two conventional video cameras connected on a PC by using a multiple frame grabber board. Specialized software developed under Windows 98 guarantees accurate camera synchronization and ...

Many experiences have been done in the past in order to promote a wide diffusion of the photogrammetry both in teaching and professional works. Only the digital evolution allowed a real step forward in this direction. In the last years prof. Jachimski and prof. Grussenmeyer offer interesting and low-cost software solutions which help a lot the diffusion of the photogrammetric approach as a standard tool for architectural and archaeological applications. The paper presents a new easy-to-use but rigorous photogrammetric software named Z-Glif, produced by Menci ...