Format

Medical device labeling consists of directions on how to use and care for medical devices as well as information necessary for ensuring users' understanding and safety, including information about risks, precautions, and potential adverse reactions. This chapter provides guidance to designers for their decisions regarding positioning, formatting, and design- ing of labels and markings for controls, displays, panels, and associated equipment. The information presented here is derived from legal requirements, human factors research, and existing practices.

This paper presents a system, specially designed for the grape spraying through a robotic system. Agricultural Robotics is the logical proliferation of automation technology into bio systems such as agriculture, forestry, green house, horticulture etc. Presently a number of researches are being done to increase their applications. Some of the scientist contributions are mobile robot, flying robot, forester robot, Demeter which are exclusively used for agriculture. Humans are force to work in risky environment while spraying chemicals and pesticides on the crops for bug control. The tractors compress the soil, as they are heavier in weight. They cannot move in terrain environment. These techniques cannot recognize the crop and soil in close propinquity. Main aim is to avoid manual spraying of pesticides at actual farm, which will apparently reduce the impact of harmful chemicals on humans due to direction interaction of chemicals in manual spraying, and also increase the productivity of grapes. It will achieve by replacing human by a robotic system which will do the task of pesticides spraying over.

Dieses Buch zoomt in informationsreiche und pixeldichte Welten in HD. Digitalbildliche Hochauflösung ist hier ein Potenzial, das es ermöglicht, mit und an Bildern Wirklichkeit zu erforschen und zu befragen. Dokumentarfilme, Videokunstarbeiten, Galaxiefotografien, Blockbuster, Pressebilder und Netflix-Serien bestellen diese visuelle Kultur in HD und zeigen auf, dass Bilder und Wirklichkeit nicht in fixierten Rahmen sitzen, sondern im Prozess werden. HD heißt Image Processing. Lässt man sich darauf ein, entfaltet sich das Angebot, mit HD zu denken und sich vom Denken der Bildprozesse mitreißen zu lassen.

Deplacement est un paradigme qui permet de decrire les procedes que j’utilise pour m’organiser en tant qu’individu, artiste et chercheur. Mon processus se fait en mouvement constant que ce soit dans un contexte particulier ou entre differents contextes, aussi en perpetuel mouvements. Bouger et etre bouge, deplacer et etre deplace sont des procedes qui impliquent une lecture ininterrompue des contextes, la creation de situations appropriees, et/ ou une utilisation reflechie de situations existantes. Cela appelle des attitudes de presence, de distanciation et de (re-)positionnement. Cinq methodes et trois pratiques sont nees du temps consacre a cette recherche developpee dans le cadre d’un doctorat. Celles-ci sont proposees, partagees afin d’inviter le lecteur a un jeu de perception(s) et de positionnement(s) en vue d’un deplacement. Ma these intitulee “Displacement(s) as Method(s)”, est une matrice constituee de plusieurs formats (lettre, catalogue, conversation) et medias (texte, fi...

Previous research indicates that most consumers are unaware that older tires can deteriorate and lead to tread separation which could result in crashes. Even if they were to know about this hazard, the task of determining the date of manufacture (DOM) on tires is difficult. In the U.S., consumers must decode a 4 digit number at the end of a longer U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) identification number in small, black print embossed onto black sidewalls. Eighty-three participants (45 students and 38 adult non-students) were asked to decode 6 different date of manufacture (DOM) markings. Analyses showed that people have difficulty with determining dates in the current U.S. DOT format and that date formats resembling common U.S. date representations were more understandable to participants. Additionally, only half of the participants reported having knowledge of tire aging issues and few have looked at the DOT identification number before participating in this research. Discussed are implications for date formatting, followed by guidance on designing a more consumer-friendly DOM.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Hispanics are now the largest minority group in the U.S. Because many of these immigrants know little or no English, they are at a greater risk of injury because most product warning systems in the U.S. are exclusively in English. This study examined the perceptions and performance of both English and Spanish language users for various formats of bilingual labels (labels with two languages). English and Spanish language users gave ratings of acceptability, likelihood of purchasing product, and the likelihood of reading to each of a set of systematically-manipulated bilingual label designs on actual box and cylinder shaped containers. In general, designs having both languages arranged horizontally (side-by-side) were given higher ratings than vertically (top and bottom). English users strongly preferred labels with English in the primary position (e.g., left side, top side); whereas Spanish language users held less strong beliefs about their language in the primary position. The design with English-text on the left half and the Spanish-text on the right half on the box was the most preferred by both English and Spanish language users in the set tested. The box container labels were rated higher than those on the cylinder. The results suggest that bilingual labels are not only viewed favorably by users of the benefited minority language, but also by users of the majority language.

Understanding basic credit card information can be important for maintaining secure personal finances. Although considerable human factors research has examined safety communications and warnings to avoid risk of personal injury, little human factors research has been conducted on communications associated with financial risk. This study explored whether human factors principles can be applied to credit card information intended for consumers. People's decision-making performance was examined with respect to credit card application information given in two formats: less versus more structured format, with the latter involving information chunking and spacing. Participants (N=40) compared 16 pairs of credit card applications with the task of selecting one among each pair that was the better financial deal (i.e., that reduced financial risk or saved more money). Eight pairs had less formatting (in prose style) and eight pairs had more structured formatting. The results showed that the credit card applications with the more structured format significantly reduced comparison (decision) times but had only minor effects on response accuracy. Implications for formatting financial risk disclosures are offered.

Being able to locate the list of ingredients on a food product label can be important for consumers' health and safety. However, the arrangements of components on food labels could make it difficult to find the ingredients. This study examines whether the relative physical placement of the list of ingredients affects the time it takes for users to locate it. The location of the list of ingredients was varied on a food product label. The results suggest that the list of ingredients is found faster when it is located in the upper portions of a food label and closer to the nutrition facts panel than other locations on the label. Implications for improving food label safety are discussed.

This study evaluated whether high or low salience product manual warning formats resulted in different frequencies of both reading and warning recall accuracy. Both experimental conditions constituted an amalgamation of warning and product manual format features. The low salience condition was comprised of a capitalized signal word, paragraph prose-style warning text, warnings integrated with page content with low salience visual cues whereas the high salience condition included an icon, signal word panel, bulleted warning text, warnings placed separately at the page bottom with high salience visual cues. Eye movements were recorded while participants read pages from product manuals followed by a warning recall test. No significant difference in the number of warnings read was found but visual cues in the high salience condition shifted foveal vision to the warnings significantly more often than the cues in the low salience condition. Warning recall was higher in the low salience condition than in the high salience condition, probably because of the particular task and formatting used. Caveats and study implications are discussed.

Der Kurzfilm wird im akademischen Kontext aus Gründen seiner schweren Fassbarkeit – sowohl im theoretischen wie im praktischen Sinne – noch immer vernachlässigt. Versteht man den Kurzfilm als «Format» so wie der Begriff von David Joselit in After Art entwickelt wird, verschiebt sich das Erkenntnisinteresse vom einzelnen Film als Analyseobjekt zu Fragen zur Zirkulation, zur Rezeption und zur diskursgeschichtlichen Positionierung von kurzen Filmen zwischen Kunst und Kino. Der US-amerikanische Kunsthistoriker geht bei seinem Formatbegriff nicht von einem einzelnen Kunstobjekt aus, sondern von einem Netzwerk, das auf verschiedenen Ebenen – von der Produktion bis hin zur Rezeption – Verhältnisse herstellt zwischen dem Kunstwerk und seiner Umwelt unter den Bedingungen seiner Zirkulation. Anhand einer Trilogie von Kurzfilmen von James N. Kienitz Wilkins (Special Features (USA 2014), Tester (USA 2015), B-Roll with Andre (USA 2015)), die sich mit der Wirkungsmacht und der Währung von zirkulierenden Bildern auseinandersetzen, zeigt der Beitrag in aller Kürze auf, wie der Formatbegriff nach Joselit für die Analyse von Kurzfilmen fruchtbar gemacht werden kann.

Abstract:
Due to the significant increase in the last five years of audiovisual content distribution over the web, this paper is focused on a study aimed at the description and classification of a wide sample of audiovisual initiatives whose access is carried out by means of the World Wide Web. The purpose of this study is to promote the debate concerning the different names of these incipient media, as well as their categorization and description so that an organised universe of the WebTV phenomenon could be provided. An analysis of formats and content is carried out on the basis of quantitative techniques in order to propose a categorization typology. The results obtained in this study will offer the researchers and the professionals a comprehensive description of the models currently adopted in the field of video and television on the net.