Gambia

It is important for the occupational health nursing community to develop an international interest in worker health in countries with limited resources. The collaboration between The Gambia and the University of Iowa discussed in this article can be replicated in other settings and need not be limited to academic institutions. Corporate sponsorship and inclusion of workplace safety criteria in business contracts provide incentives for fostering change in developing countries.

It is important for the occupational health nursing community to develop an international interest in worker health in countries with limited resources. The collaboration between The Gambia and the University of Iowa discussed in this article can be replicated in other settings and need not be limited to academic institutions. Corporate sponsorship and inclusion of workplace safety criteria in business contracts provide incentives for fostering change in developing countries.

This is a vivid and illuminating ethnographic account of an emerging force in contemporary Gambian social and religious life: the Tablīghī Jamā’at (TJ).  Through the prism of five detailed biographical narratives, Janson evokes the everyday lived experiences of TJ activists embedded in the socio-cultural matrix of the Gambia.  Her central objective is to dissect the ways in which youth, Islam and modernity – as distinct analytical concepts – intersect and coalesce in the lives of young Gambians seeking paths to piety through a contested arena in which tribal and reformist strands of Islam vie for primacy.  Sensitive yet scholarly, Janson’s presentation is laudable for the way in which her micro observations – the raw field data – are consistently sutured to broader theoretical frames and a comprehensive body of scholarship on the phenomenon of resurgent Islam in several international contexts.  What transpires is a multi-layered work of depth and texture that makes an important contribution to our understanding of the ways in which young women and men, inhabiting an ambivalent postcolonial space caught in the orbit of globalisation, appropriate and internalise religious experience.

Sit-tightism is like a natural trait that runs through the blood of Africans such that once they get into political power they  would  not  want  to  leave  until  they  die  in  office.  This  paper  examines  the  Gambian  case  in  which  the  former president Yahya Jammeh refused to relinquish power after completing his tenure of office even when he was trounced in the Gambian 2016 presidential election by Adama Barrow. Gambia would have been thrown into a bloody civil war if not for the timely intervention of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) which remained resolute to
prevent  him  from  perpetuating  himself  in  office.  Employing  political  realism  as  a  framework  for  analysis,  the  paper examines sit-tightism in Gambia and the strategies and tactics employed by the Economic Community of West African States to prevent  it. The paper also examines the effect  of this phenomenon on the development  of the country. The study reveals that ECOWAS has shown the world and also sent signal to over ambitious p residents in the sub region that it  is  prepared  to  fight  sit-tight  leaders  in  the  sub  region.  The  paper  recommends  among  other  things  democratic consciousness and political vigilantism among the people and an entrenched interest by non -state actors like the African Union (AU) and the United Nations (UN) to fight sit-tight leaders in all African countries as a way of salvaging African democracy from over ambitious African presidents.

Consider what might tie these three postal history artifacts together:
• A first flight cover of the Wright Brothers
• A Latvian crash cover caused by events in 1561 and the founding of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
• Interrupted mail from a flight of the Star Ship Enterprise in the year 2286
The answer is that you must read my article in the November-December issue of Kelleher’s Collectors Connection to find out!

Because this article is written as a two-page spread in magazine format, I recommend downloading the PDF and viewing with two-page view turned on. Click View > Page Display > Two Page View

"This anthropological study describes a specific form of mediation, as it is practiced in Ethiopia (Northeast Africa) by members of the Oromo and Amhara ethnic groups. It introduces elders as male household-heads in their advanced ages, who settle conflicts and arrange marriages for the members of the junior generations. There are not only 'easy' cases dealt with, which one might assume to be too 'unimportant' for state courts or other juridical institutions but also aggravated cases that may affect the wider group or that have inter-ethnic dimensions. The study uses specific case studies of marriage, bride abduction, physical injury and homicide for illustration. Within the book, reference is made to speech-act-theory and the 'new ethnographic' approach related to it. Both rhetoric strategies and non-verbal means of communication are discussed, such as postures, gestures, spatial arrangements, numerical symbolisms, or the deliberate use of certain kinds of dress and of material objects. Special attention is paid to the use of ritual in mediation procedures. The book brings to light significant regularities that are inherent to the different types of elders' proceedings. Peculiar elements and phases can be distinguished that re-occur in all types of processes analysed in the study. This cannot exclusively be explained by reference to 'process', as a general idea of people negotiating law. It moreover hints to the existence of a formal 'procedure', which follows its own rules. Accordingly, a change of perspective 'from process to procedure' is suggested in the book's programmatic title.

http://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de/title_2776.ahtml

Book Order US:
http://www.amazon.com/From-Process-Procedure-Aethiopistische-Forschungen/dp/3447066113/

Book Order Germany:
http://www.amazon.de/Process-Procedure-Mediation-Formality-Ethiopia/dp/3447066113/
http://www.buchhandel.de/detailansicht.aspx?isbn=9783447066112"

Germany lost WW I. The former winners, who’s signatures are left on the pages the
Versailles Treaty, have tried to deny the german naval and military aviation. The paragraphs
of the Treaty of Versailles were prohibiting Germans to have the militaty aviation, but did not
take any sanctions on the civil air activities. Sanctions of the Treaty were reflecting quite an
obsolete view considering the reality of the world in the 20’s. Their view was rather
horizontal and seemed not to perceive the vertical air dimension of the so- called „Luftozean”.
This became the point of breakthrough for the Germans. The German airspace was free to be
used by the former winners on the principle of reciprocity. The Paris Air Agreement 1925-26
has cancelled the restrictions on Germany to produce their aircrafts, stipulating that they
mustn’t be used for any military purpose. Pondering the history from this point of view, the
revision of the Treaty of Versailles took effects just 7 years after the assignment of the Treaty
in 1919! Lufthansa Airways has been established in 1926. Persistent work, using plenty of
energy and money Lufthansa has established in February of 1934 the world’s first scheduled
intercontinental transatlantic air route, equipped with german aircrafts and zeppelins.

This is an exploratory, descriptive study based on a convenience sample from a rural nursing service and in-country area farmers from The Gambia. The pur-pose of the study was to provide descriptive information about agricultural-related injury and illness from area farmers and to obtain data from rural nurses about the time they spent caring for and treating farmers. Employees of the nursing service could read and write English fluently and thus completed a written questionnaire; the area farmers were unable to read and write English so they were interviewed by farm extension workers in their own tribal language. The most alarming findings were the nursing respondents’ report of farm workers using pesticides in their homes, the poor condition of pesticide sprayers, and the lack of personal protective equipment. Despite their claim of following pesticide instructions, farm workers reported a sur-prisingly high number of respiratory and neurological signs and symptoms.

This manuscript reports results of our study to characterize the historical developments of agricultural practices in The Gambia and related health risks of farm workers. It surveys the various factors that shape production agriculture in the country and examines the degrees to which hand tools, animal traction, motorized traction and manual labour all contribute to the inherent hazards of farm work. The principal objective of this study is to lay the ground work for detailed research of occupational health hazards in Gambian agriculture; and development of policies and programmes to promote the health of Gambian farmers. The authors of this paper assume the belief that one must first understand the industry and its people before effective policies and programmes can be developed. The study concludes by highlighting the need for the integration of epidemiological investigations in the country's agricultural research programme.

The Gambia River was among the first regions of West Africa incorporated into the Atlantic slave trade. The local commercial centre that emerged by the eighteenth century included the village of Juffure. By the nineteenth century, the commercial centre entered a period of decline as Gambia became a formal British colony. Upon exiting the colonial realm of the British, the Gambia immediately entered the landscape of European tourism. Following the publication of Haley's novel, Roots, the Gambia and the residents of Juffure began to shape their identity around the Roots narrative and a tourist landscape was created to foster this narrative. The remnants of the former Atlantic trading centre surrounding Juffure and the designated UNESCO World Heritage Area in addition to the Roots landscape all incorporate similar historic and heritage built features. The three underlying narratives, however, actively contradict one another. Through an approach to history-making as a cultural process incorporating a guided, experiential understanding of landscapes, the purposeful movement of tourists through the built environment in order to promote one of three physically visible narratives is addressed applying a test of historic credibility developed by Appadurai in order to address issues of competing authenticity.

Cohort Profile: The Kiang West Longitudinal Population Study (KWLPS)—a platform for integrated research and health care provision in rural Gambia Branwen J Hennig, Stefan A Unger, Bai Lamin Dondeh, Jahid Hassan, Sophie Hawkesworth, Landing Jarjou, Kerry S Jones, Sophie E Moore, Helen M Nabwera, Mohammed Ngum, Ann Prentice, Bakary Sonko, Andrew M Prentice* and Anthony J Fulford MRC International Nutrition Group at MRC Unit The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia, MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK, University of Edinburgh, Department of Child Life and Health, Edinburgh, UK, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK and Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK These authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding author. MRC International Nutrition Group at LSHTM, UK & MRC Unit, The Gambia, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK. E-mail: Andrew.prenti...

Background Recently, there has been mounting interest in scaling-up vector control against malaria in Africa. It needs to be determined if indoor residual spraying (IRS with DDT) will provide significant marginal protection against malaria over current best practice of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and prompt treatment in a controlled trial, given that DDT is currently the most persistent insecticide for IRS. Methods A 2 armed cluster-randomised controlled trial will be conducted to assess whether DDT IRS and LLINs combined provide better protection against clinical malaria in children than LLINs alone in rural Gambia. Each cluster will be a village, or a group of small adjacent villages; all clusters will receive LLINs and half will receive IRS in addition. Study children, aged 6 months to 13 years, will be enrolled from all clusters and followed for clinical malaria using passive case detection to estimate malaria incidence for 2 malaria transmission seasons in 2010 and 2011. This will be the primary endpoint. Exposure to malaria parasites will be assessed using light and exit traps followed by detection of Anopheles gambiae species and sporozoite infection. Study children will be surveyed at the end of each transmission season to estimate the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection and the prevalence of anaemia. Discussion Practical issues concerning intervention implementation, as well as the potential benefits and risks of the study, are discussed. Trial Registration ISRCTN01738840 - Spraying And Nets Towards malaria Elimination (SANTE)