General Motors

Download: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5cg94w
The automotive sector represents more than a simple industry. Since the late nineteenth century, it has embodied the economic and technological power of nations, the lifestyle, the dynamics of urban and territorial development, and it has acted as a national barometer of economic success and failure. This book explains how the car industry works and analyses the challenges both for the sector and for the economies that rely on the industry for jobs, growth, and innovation. It explores an industry that has been under severe pressure in industrialized countries for many years—factories have shut down, jobs have gone, and brands have disappeared—yet world production has never been so high, reaching new peaks annually. Fabio Cassia and Matteo Ferrazzi investigate as well the new trends of urban mobility and the characteristic of " car of the future " : the traditional landscape of car production and usage will be driven by technological advances, connectivity, car sharing, and by one the most fascinating advances, the self-driving car. How different will be the automotive sector in a decade? Will the traditional players be challenged by new entrants such as Google, Apple, Uber?

First chapter download: https://agendapub.com/images/pdfs/chapters/9781911116721_chp.pdf

Uno de los propósitos de los pabellones de las ferias internacionales es servir como escaparate de lo que una sociedad ha sido, es o será. Una intención que se ha comprobado que se enfatiza en aquellos pabellones que representan a sociedades que en el momento de la celebración de la Exposición se encuentran en los extremos opuestos en cuanto a nivel de desarrollo. Un énfasis este último que se pudo comprobar claramente en la Feria Mundial que se celebró en la ciudad de Nueva York en 1964. Y es que la Oficina Internacional de Exposiciones (conocida por su acrónimo anglosajón BIE) sancionó dicho evento por una serie de condiciones que provocaron que la mayoría de potencias mundiales adheridas a la organización no acudieran a Nueva York. De esta forma el país anfitrión exhibió en solitario los atributos de potencia mundial frente a un reducido conjunto de países situados a una larga distancia en cuanto a nivel de desarrollo. Y uno de ese escaso número de países que acudieron fue España. ¿Cuál era la distancia entre la sociedad americana y la española de la época? Una respuesta que será el eje central de la presente comunicación. Para ello el presente estudio comprobará la diferencia que existía entre ambas sociedades en términos arquitectónicos confirmando así la autoridad de esta disciplina como medidor de los avances de una civilización. Para ese propósito se tomarán como caso de estudio un pabellón por cada país. Lógicamente por parte de nuestro país será el Pabellón de España obra del entonces joven arquitecto Javier Carvajal Ferrer; mientras que por parte de Estados Unidos se tomará el Pabellón Futurama que Louis I. Kahn proyectó, pero que desgraciadamente no construyó, bajo el patrocinio de la empresa americana General Motors. Un proyecto frente a una construcción. Un arquitecto consagrado y otro novel. Una gran compañía tecnológica y un país emergente. Un presupuesto infinito y uno reducido. Futuro y tradición. ¿Cuál es ahora la distancia la distancia arquitectónica entre ambas sociedades?
#Arquitectura #architecture #pavillion #LouisIKahn #Kahn #JavierCarvajal #Carvajal #Spain #GeneralMotors

A decade ago, a wave of corporate scandals involving reprehensible behavior but stunning examples of lawyer passivity motivated me to write about the role of inside lawyers. In a series of articles, beginning in 2005 with The Banality of Fraud: Re-Situating the Inside Counsel As Gatekeeper, I suggested that it was improper for lawyers to be mere bystanders while their client representatives violated their legal obligations, especially when such violations were directly responsible for gross harm inflicted on shareholders, employees, or third parties. In The Banality of Fraud, I presented a diagnosis of the problem of inside lawyer acquiescence in corporate fraud, criticized the reforms ostensibly enacted to address the problem, and offered an alternative reform, which I believed squarely addressed the structural deficiencies identified in my diagnosis.

In making my arguments, I invoked the notion of a “gatekeeper,” which in the capital markets context I defined as a “private intermediar[y] who can prevent harm to the securities markets by disrupting the misconduct of [his or her] client representatives.” At the time, it was widely recognized that outside professional services providers, such as investment bankers, auditors, securities analysts, outside securities attorneys, and credit rating agencies, could perform gatekeeping functions that would benefit the securities markets. Less acknowledged and examined was the fact that inside lawyers could act as gatekeepers and possessed the capacity to stop corporate misconduct in its tracks, as Ronald Gilson first observed in his seminal article.

Using the GM ignition switch scandal as a point of departure, in this Article, I answer some of the complaints and criticisms that have been lodged against my proposal. In particular, I address the complaint that, under my proposed reform, “general counsel would lose the benefit of the informal communications from senior managers that invariably emerge in the context of a relationship of trust and confidence.” I argue that the empirical assumptions underlying this complaint are not only unsupported and speculative but also reflect a poor understanding of corporate environments. And even if we assume that such a prediction about general counsel’s access to information bears out, it is unlikely that the predicted costs would offset all other benefits to be gained from my reform, in particular, the enhanced willingness of inside counsel to interdict wrongdoing in serious cases. In addition, I criticize the repeated reference to the “lawyer as friend” analogy as a model for inside lawyers’ relationships with senior managers. I argue that the notion of friendship elides the gravity of the relevant factual context and thus cannot provide useful guidance for how inside counsel should conduct themselves in the face of serious corporate wrongdoing. “Friendship” also mischaracterizes how employees ordinarily interact with one another in organizational settings and grossly misrepresents how some general counsel perceive their relations with senior managers and understand their fiduciary obligations to the corporate client. I conclude that as a model for inside counsel, the friendship analogy is strained, inapt, and should be avoided.

The purpose of this article is to render literature in the organizational behavior field. Powell (1990) contrast three modes of organization-market, hierarchy, and network-and stress the salient features of each. The logic of network forms demonstrate how networks differ from other forms, illustrative examples of network arrangements in craft and high-technology industries, in regional economies, and in formerly vertically integrated fields. The aim is to develop a number of empirically arguments about the circumstances that give rise to networks and allow them to proliferate. The paper concludes with a discussion of the conditions that give rise to network forms. MARKETS AND FIRMS Literature in this paper followed the fields of international business, technology strategy, industrial relations, organizational sociology, and the new institutional economies. Coase (1937) in article on the nature of the firm, conceived firm as a "black box". Williamson's (1975) argument "transaction that involve uncertainty require specific investments"-of money, time or energy that cannot be easily transferred. Transactions are moved out of markets into hierarchy, where inefficiencies of bureaucratic organization preferred to the relatively greater costs of market transactions, for two reasons: bounded rationality and opportunism. Outside boundaries of firms are competitors, while inside managers exercise authority and curb opportunistic behavior. The view that transactions are distributed at points along a continuum implies that markets are the starting point which other methods evolve. As Moses Finley (1973) tells us "only money in the nature of free booty and treasure trove". Williamson remarks "transactions in the middle range are much more common". For high tech start-ups in the U.S. and craft-based firms in Northern Italy, continuum fails to capture the complex realities of exchange, blinds us by reciprocity and collaboration as alternative governance mechanisms. Goldberg (1980) notes that many market exchanges have been replaced by international collaborations.

Il concetto di fordismo è venuto a designare di volta in volta un apparato di norme e criteri per l’organizzazione scientifica del lavoro, di tecniche per la produzione di massa, una cultura organizzativa della grande fabbrica, un processo omogeneo di governo della società industriale, fino a definire il compromesso sociale del secondo dopoguerra. Partendo da Henry Ford e arrivando a Gramsci, attraverso esperienze come quella italiana, francese e sovietica, il volume propone una complessiva storia comparata del fordismo, o meglio delle diverse idee e pratiche del fordismo che hanno permeato economia e politica nella prima metà del Novecento.

Teamwork in the automotive industry varies significantly from plant to plant. This book compares teamwork in four final assembly plants in Germany and the UK: the Opel Eisenach and a Mercedes factory in Germany, and the Vauxhall Luton and Nissan Sunderland plants in the UK. The plants in Eisenach and Sunderland are relatively new, and were from the outset organised around the principles of Lean Production.
The book addresses two questions: Firstly, can different models of teamwork be conceptualised with a simple, bi-polar model of teamwork, showing either innovative or structurally conservative characteristics? Secondly, do current models of teamwork signify a development towards post-fordism, as suggested by some researchers, or are they merely part of a neo-fordist rationalisation of production?
The following answers are suggested: Firstly, teamwork in different motor-car plants cannot be categorised in a bi-polar model; these different models of teamwork rather represent a continuum. Secondly, while teamwork moves manufacturing away from traditional taylorist models of production, it does not overcome Taylorism altogether.

This paper discusses Japanese motor vehicle manufacturing investment and state intervention measures in the Australian market. Australia’s auto industry is an extension of global motor vehicle manufacturers with a small number of domestic manufacturing firms that form a part of the global supply chain.  Toyota Motor Corporation, Mitsubishi Motor Corporation, General Motors Corporation and Ford Motor Company all have had extensive investments in the Australian market.  In the past, the Australian market was also a host to investments from Volkswagen AG, Chrysler LLC, Nissan Motor Company Limited and British Leyland Motor Corporation.  The size of the industry has shrunk recently with the March 2008 shut down of manufacturing by Mitsubishi Motors Australia Limited (MMAL), not long after the company’s emergence from a long and significant restructuring.  Still, the auto industry remains the largest single manufacturing sector in Australia both in terms of investment levels and the number of people employed.  Thus, Japanese auto manufacturing investment in Australia require an evaluation, now that the federal government has completed the 2008 ‘Review of Australia’s Automotive Industry’.  The paper focuses on Toyota Motor Corporation Australia (TMC Australia) in Victoria and (the recently shut down) MMAL in South Australia.

The purpose of this article is to render literature in the organizational behavior field. Powell (1990) contrast three modes of organization-market, hierarchy, and network-and stress the salient features of each. The logic of network forms demonstrate how networks differ from other forms, illustrative examples of network arrangements in craft and high-technology industries, in regional economies, and in formerly vertically integrated fields. The aim is to develop a number of empirically arguments about the circumstances that give rise to networks and allow them to proliferate. The paper concludes with a discussion of the conditions that give rise to network forms. MARKETS AND FIRMS Literature in this paper followed the fields of international business, technology strategy, industrial relations, organizational sociology, and the new institutional economies. Coase (1937) in article on the nature of the firm, conceived firm as a "black box". Williamson's (1975) argument "transaction that involve uncertainty require specific investments"-of money, time or energy that cannot be easily transferred. Transactions are moved out of markets into hierarchy, where inefficiencies of bureaucratic organization preferred to the relatively greater costs of market transactions, for two reasons: bounded rationality and opportunism. Outside boundaries of firms are competitors, while inside managers exercise authority and curb opportunistic behavior. The view that transactions are distributed at points along a continuum implies that markets are the starting point which other methods evolve. As Moses Finley (1973) tells us "only money in the nature of free booty and treasure trove". Williamson remarks "transactions in the middle range are much more common". For high tech start-ups in the U.S. and craft-based firms in Northern Italy, continuum fails to capture the complex realities of exchange, blinds us by reciprocity and collaboration as alternative governance mechanisms. Goldberg (1980) notes that many market exchanges have been replaced by international collaborations.

General Motors’ 2022 Super Bowl ad “Dr. EV-il” summons viewers to ponder the issue of climate change. The ad introduces the company’s electric vehicles (EV), apparently committing the company to a “net-zero” future. In the same breath, GM subtly admits that it will use what is purported to be a looming catastrophe to its advantage.

Questa è la traduzione di un saggio breve di P. S. Adler sul caso significativo della NUMMI, la joint-venture fra Toyota e General Motors sul suolo americano. La commistione del modello giapponese e l'influenza sindacale hanno dato vita a un caso organizzativo singolare estremamente efficace, come viene presentato dall'autore.

This chapter provides a conceptual basis for the price discovery potential for tradable market instruments and specifically the development of mortgage securitization in Asia. We argue that securitization in Asia may be potentially important because it may help bring transparency to the financial sector of Asian economies. We put forth a model explaining how misaligned incentives can lead to bank-generated real estate crashes and macroeconomic instability. We provide new comparative data on the banking sector's ...

Recently VFMM (Variable Flux Memory Machines) have been gaining popularity for their applications in EV's. These motors have the ability to operate at high speeds while also providing high starting torque. They use non-rare earth LCF magnets which makes the design a potential low cost option in future. This review paper discusses the recent research in VFMM. The first part of review is focussed on the types of VFM machines under research. Second part of the paper discusses the latest control methods for VFM machines.

In many intracellular processes, the length distribution of microtubules is controlled by depolymerizing motor proteins. Experiments have shown that, following non-specific binding to the surface of a microtubule, depolymerizers are transported to the microtubule tip(s) by diffusion or directed walk and, then, depolymerize the microtubule from the tip(s) after accumulating there. We develop a quantitative model to study the depolymerizing action of such a generic motor protein, and its possible effects on the length distribution of microtubules. We show that, when the motor protein concentration in solution exceeds a critical value, a steady state is reached where the length distribution is, in general, non-monotonic with a single peak. However, for highly processive motors and large motor densities, this distribution effectively becomes an exponential decay. Our findings suggest that such motor proteins may be selectively used by the cell to ensure precise control of MT lengths. The model is also used to analyze experimental observations of motor-induced depolymerization.

This chapter provides a conceptual basis for the price discovery potential for tradable market instruments and specifically the development of mortgage securitization in Asia. We argue that securitization in Asia may be potentially important because it may help bring transparency to the financial sector of Asian economies. We put forth a model explaining how misaligned incentives can lead to bank-generated real estate crashes and macroeconomic instability. We provide new comparative data on the banking sector's ...