Healthcare professionals

The purpose of this study was to review the empirical studies on health personnel’s views towards organ donation and transplantation.  A scoping review was carried out in English, Portuguese and Spanish. The search was conducted in eight databases, and two search engines. Four groups of descriptors were used. The period covered was 1985 to 2013. Frequency and content analysis was performed. Two hundred forty-eight articles were selected, out of 316 identified. The literature is temporally and geographically clustered. Quantitative studies predominate. The studies prioritized the perspective of medical and nursing personnel over other actors, such as directors and organ donation coordinators. Health personnel’s attitudes toward deceased organ donation was the most examined topic. In conclusion, a growing quantitative literature analyzes the perspective of physicians and nurses with regard to deceased organ donation and transplantation.

Hizmet sektörü alt dallarından olan sağlık sektörü insan emeğinin yoğun olduğu bir alan olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İnsan faktörünün başat rol oynadığı sağlık hizmetinde hizmeti alan da veren de insandır. Nitelikli hizmetin ortaya konmasında çalışanın iş doyumu ve örgütsel bağlılığı belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır, bu rol Kovid-19 sürecinde daha anlamlı hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda amaç, İş Doyumu ile Örgütsel Bağlılık arasındaki muhtemel olumlu ilişkiyi Bitlis Tatvan Devlet Hastanesi'nde inceleyerek, bu hastanede çalışan personel özelinde genel olarak ta kamuda Örgütsel Bağlılık ve İş Doyumu arasındaki bağlantıyı ortaya koymaktır. Amaç bağlamında literatür taramasıyla beraber, nicel bilimsel araştırma yöntemi ve anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan anketler Tatvan Devlet Hastanesi sağlık çalışanlarına 2021 Haziran ayında uygulanmıştır. Bu araştırma kapsamında yayın etiğine uyulmuş olup Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Etik İlkeleri ve Etik Kurulu'ndan 21/4-X sayılı etik kurul kararı alınmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, Örgütsel Bağlılık, İş Doyumu, Tatvan Devlet Hastanesi, Sağlık Meslek Mensupları.
The Relationship Between Organizational Commitment And Job Satisfaction: Tatvan State Hospital Sample
Abstract
The health sector, which is one of the sub-branches of the service sector, emerges as an area where human labour is intense. In the health service in which the human factor plays a dominant role, both those who receive the service and the ones who provide the service are human. The Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of the employee play a decisive role in the presentation of qualified service, this role becomes more meaningful in the Covid-19 process. The aim of this study is to examine the possible positive relationship between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Bitlis Tatvan State Hospital and to reveal the connection between Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction in the Public in general, in particular for the personnel working in this hospital. In the context of the purpose, along with the literature, quantitative scientific research Method and survey technique were used. The questionnaires used were applied to Tatvan State Hospital Healthcare professionals in June 2021. Within the scope of this research, publication ethics was complied with and the ethics committee decision numbered 21/4-X was taken from the Ethics Committee of Bitlis Eren University.
Keywords: Human Resources Management, Organizational Commitment, Job satisfaction, Tatvan State Hospital, Healthcare Professionals.

Introduction: Awareness of occupational safety and health (OSH) plays an important role in the prevention of occupational injuries and diseases. Following the enactment of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) in 1994, various programmes have been implemented by different agencies to increase awareness and knowledge of OSH in the workplace, including among healthcare workers. The objective of this study was to determine the level of OSH awareness and knowledge among healthcare professionals in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a 21-item self-administered questionnaire addressing information on demographics, general OSH issues, OSH legislations, occupational hazards in the healthcare setting and personal protective equipment (PPE). Results: The response rate was 93.1 percent (284 healthcare professionals). The overall level of knowledge on OSH was moderate, with a mean score of 62.0 percent. A larger proportion of doctors showed good OSH knowledge compared to other categories of healthcare workers, with administrative staff scoring the poorest marks. Participants were most knowledgeable about PPE, with a mean score of 72.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval [CI] 68.3, 75.6), compared to other sections such as general OSH, legislations and occupational hazards, with mean scores of 58.0 percent (95 percent CI 56.1, 60.1), 57.0 percent (95 percent CI 54.1, 60.8) and 64.0 percent (95 percent CI 61.7, 66.2), respectively. Conclusion: Although the OSHA 1994 has existed in Malaysia for more than ten years, awareness of OSH remains relatively poor. This warrants a greater effort to promote OSH knowledge and principles among the professionals.

Abstract: In this article we argue for the development of an understanding of human occupation as being inherently
political. Occupational therapy is broadly about the experience of ‘doing’ as the basis of social participation. This
requires access to the means of participation: space, facilities and resources for different forms of human action,
and occupational therapists need to develop an understanding of how access to these means is regulated. In this
article we develop an argument for the development of a political occupational therapy. We do this by outlining the
role of occupational therapists as activists as well as reflectors drawing on comparisons with cultural practice in
community publishing; by discussing the development of a language that will enable the recognition and exploration
of power differentials, and by delineating the importance of experiential knowledge.
Keywords: Professional Role, Social Participation, Political.

Son dönemlerde, şiddet özellikle de sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet
eğiliminde artış gözlenmektedir. Bu eğilimde özellikle hastaların şiddet uyguladığı
genel görüşü hâkim olsa da, yapılan araştırmalar hasta yakınlarının daha çok şiddete
başvurduğu, şiddete başvuranların ise fiziksel şiddetten çok sözel şiddete yöneldiği
bulgulanmıştır.
Sağlık alanında hasta ve sağlık çalışanlarının yaşadıklarını bir problem haline
dönüştüren faktörlerin tespiti problemin çözümü için önemlidir. Bu nedenle sağlıkta
şiddeti tetikleyen nedenlerin tespiti hem sağlık çalışanları, hem de hasta ve hasta
yakınları çerçevesinde empatik bir yaklaşımla tasarlanan araştırmada tarafları şiddete
yönelten sebepleri ve uygun ortamı hazırlayan nedenlerin ortaya çıkartılması
amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma çerçevesinde Burdur İli’nde bulunan sağlık tesislerinde şiddet
olaylarına karışmış, yer almış, (şiddet uygulayan ya da uygulanan) adli makamlara
intikal etmiş, 8 sağlık çalışanı ve 7 hasta ve hasta yakını olmak üzere toplam 15 kişi ile
yüz yüze derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler nitel araştırma
yöntemlerden biri olan tematik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Görüşme
esnasında katılımcılardan sağlık çalışanlarına demografik, çalışma koşulları, sağlık
çalışanlarının hasta ve yakınlarını algılama düzeyi, olay örgüsüyle ilgili bilgiler, şiddeti
tetikleyenler sebepler; hasta ve hasta yakınlarına da demografik, olayın gelişimi, bilgi
düzeyi, olayın nasıl algıladığı, şiddete yol açan sebepler ile ilgili sorular yöneltilerek
veriler toplanmıştır.
Toplanan verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda hem sağlık çalışanları, hem de
hasta ve hasta yakınlarının karşılıklı iletişimleri esnasındaki sorunları bağlamında yanlış
anlaşılmalar neticesinde şiddete başvurulduğu; medyanın olayları sunumundan
etkilendikleri; sağlık çalışanlarının çalışma saatleri, alınan ücret ve yönetim kaynaklı
problemler yaşadığı; hasta ve yakınlarından şiddet olaylarına karışan kişilerin bir
sonraki sağlık ihtiyacı için aynı kuruma tekrar başvurma konusunda tedirginlik
hissettikleri; hasta ve hasta yakınlarının sağlık tesislerinden hizmet alımında kendi
haklarının ihlal edildiğini düşündükleri ve bunu düşünmelerine yol açan nedenin, hasta
haklarına ve hasta önceliklerine yönelik bilgi eksikliklerinden kaynaklandığı
bulgulanmıştır.
Sonuç olarak sağlık çalışanların için motivasyon araçlarındaki eksiklikler, hasta
ve yakınlarıyla aralarındaki iletişim eksiklikleri, yönetimden kaynaklı aksaklıklar hasta
ve yakınlarıyla etkileşiminde; hasta ve yakınlarına ise hasta öncelikleri ve hasta hakları
iv
konusundaki bilgi eksiklikleri, medyada yer alan sağlıkta şiddet içerikli haber ve
programlardan etkilenmeleri, bireysel çıkarları için kurallara uygun olmayan istekleri,
iletişim eksikliği veya yanlış anlamlandırmalar, olayın kendileri için taşıdığı önem ve
gelişim hızı kaynaklı etkileri, ekonomik ve psikolojik durumlarından dolayı sağlık
çalışanları ile etkileşimlerinde gergin ortamın ortaya çıkışını etkileyen faktörler olarak
belirtilebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Sağlıkta şiddet, hasta ve hasta yakını, nitel araştırma tematik analiz, sağlık çalışanları,
Recently an increasing tendency to violence, especially towards healthcare
professionals, has been observed. Although the opinion that it is patients that exert
violence is widely held, research has found that relations of patients resort to violence
more than patients themselves, and that violence is often verbal rather than physical.
To arrive at a solution, it is essential to determine the factors which turn the
experiences of both patients and healthcare professionals into problems. Therefore,
adopting an empathetic approach, the study aims to reveal the factors contributing to the
formation of an environment which leads both patients and their relations as well as
healthcare professionals to violence. Within the framework of the study, face-to-face
interviews were done with 15 individuals - 8 healthcare professionals and 7 patients and
relations - all of whom were involved in violent incidents at health centers (either as the
doer or the receiver) and were brought to the judicial authorities. The data were
evaluated by means of Thematic Analysis Method, a qualitative research method.
During the interviews, the healthcare professionals were asked questions about their
demographic background, working conditions, level of perceiving patients and patients’
relations, details about the incidents, and factors triggering violence, whereas the
patients and their relations were asked questions about their demographic background,
how the incident occurred, their level of knowledge, how they perceived the incident,
and factors triggering violence.
As a result of the analysis of the data, it has been found that both parties resorted
to violence due to misunderstandings in their communication, that they were affected by
the media’s presentation of the events, that healthcare professionals have problems
related to their working hours, salaries and management, that patients and their relations
who previously experienced a problem feel nervous about consulting the same
institution again, that patients and their relations feel their rights are being violated
while getting service from the health institutions and the reason why they feel so is due
to their lack of knowledge.
To conclude, the factors triggering violence can be listed for healthcare
professionals as lack in motivational tools, lack of communication with patients and
their relations, management-related problems, whereas the list for patients and their
relations include factors such as lack of information about patient-priority and patient
rights, the effect of media coverage of violent incidents in health centers, unlawful
vi
demands regarding their self-interest, lack of communication, misunderstanding, the
effects of the incident related to the level of importance and how fast the incident came
to pass, and their economic and psychological conditions.
Keywords: Violence in health sector, patient, patient’s relations, qualitative research thematic analysis, healthcare professionals.

De nos jours, plusieurs associations et ordres professionnels intègrent des compétences reliées à l’advocacy dans les référentiels de compétences qu’ils développent. Ce faisant, ils exigent de leurs membres qu’ils revendiquent au nom et pour leurs patients, qu’ils fassent la promotion de la santé et qu’ils défendent leur profession auprès de diverses instances. Bien que ces organismes articulent des discours plutôt unanimes sur ledit rôle d’advocate des professionnels de la santé, les chercheurs dans divers domaines de la santé articulent, pour leur part, des positions divergentes sur ce rôle, voire sur ce devoir. Notamment, ceux-ci ne s’entendent pas sur la nature de cette obligation, son étendue, sa justification et son application. Mais qu’en est-il exactement? Les professionnels de la santé ont-ils un devoir d’advocacy envers leurs patients, la population ou leur profession? Le but de cet article est d’apporter des pistes de réponses à cette interrogation et à plusieurs autres questions qui en découlent, et ce, par l’entremise de l’examen critique d’arguments pour et contre ce rôle tels qu’ils sont articulés dans les écrits, et ce, avant de prendre position dans ce débat.

The nature of their work requires the healthcare professionals to work in shifts, work overtime, report to duty at odd hours, take care of people who are sick and are sometimes terminally ill. Apart from draining them of physical energy, being in contact with such people also has a bearing on their psychological health. Striking a balance between life and work is a daunting task for the healthcare professionals. This study aimed at identifying the determinants of work life balance among Health care professionals, because they play a critical role in determining the efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of health care systems. Data was collected from Healthcare Professionals like Physicians, Nurses, Clinical Support Staff and Administrative staff from both the Public and Private Hospitals in Nagpur District using a structured questionnaire. Factor Analysis revealed five factors namely Demographic Factors, Supportive Work Culture, Working Conditions, Work Provisions and Travell...

From a broader perspective, the concept of worklife balance is described as the ability of the individual to meet the demands of both work and non-work life adequately. According to Davis and Tuttle (2017), "the concept of worklife balance reflects an individual's simultaneous engagement with work and non-work social roles, taking into account the relationships with other social actors implicated in work and non-work (usually family) life."

AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate research articles related to mobbing on healthcare professionals in Turkey using the content analysis method. METHOD: National and international scientific articles published between the years 2009, and 2018 were searched using PubMed, Science Direct and Google Academic databases between 04.01.2018, and 06.01.2018. When searching, the keywords 'mobbing in hospitals' , 'mobbing in health institutions' , 'health professionals and mobbing' , 'physicians and mobbing' , 'nurses and mobbing' were used. In this context, it was decided that 56 research articles could be used in the study by taking various restrictions into consideration. RESULTS: It was detected that public institutions were more frequently included in the research study. In terms of the research design, almost all studies were carried out using quantitative research methodology. It was observed that nurses constitute the most studied occupational group in these studies. It was determined that there were very few studies conducted especially with physicians and administrative staff in these studies. It was determined that there were very few studies conducted especially with physicians and administrative staff. CONCLUSION: It was observed in the studies that usually women were mostly exposed to mobbing, rate of verbal violence was quite high, communication of the employees were prevented in particular, most frequently managers exerted mobbing behaviour, the most effective cause of mobbing is the lack of a safe workplace environment, and that most of the victimized employees want to resign. It is believed that this study will contribute to the literature by providing a general perspective about the subject.

GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de sağlık çalışanları üzerinde mobbing ile ilgili yapılan araştırma makaleleri içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: 01.04.2018-01.06.2018 tarihleri arasında PubMed, Science Direct ve Google Akademik veri tabanları kullanılarak 2009-2018 yılları arasında yayımlanan ulusal ve uluslararası bilimsel makaleler taranmıştır. Arama yapılırken, "hastanelerde mobbing, sağlık kuruluşlarında mobbing, sağlık çalışanları ve mobbing, hekimler ve mobbing ve hemşireler ve mobbing" anahtar kelimeleri kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda çeşitli kısıtlamalarda dikkate alınarak 56 araştırma makalesinin çalışmada kullanılabileceğine karar verilmiştir.
BULGULAR: Çalışmada kamu kuruluşlarının daha çok araştırmalara dahil edildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırma türü açısından bakıldığında, neredeyse tamamında nicel araştırma yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalarda en çok yer alan grubun hemşireler olduğu görülmüştür. Özellikle hekimler ve idari personel üzerinde yapılan çalışmaların çok az olduğu belirlenmiştir.
TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Çalışmalarda en fazla kadınların mobbinge maruz kaldığı, sözel şiddetin çok fazla olduğu ve özellikle de çalışanların iletişimlerinin engellendiği, en fazla yöneticilerin mobbing yaptığı, güvenli iş ortamının olmamasının en çok etkileyen sebep olduğu ve sonuç olarak da kişilerin en çok işten ayrılmak istedikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Konu ile ilgili genel bir bakış açısı sağlaması nedeniyle çalışmanın literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmüştür.

Introduction: COVID-19 may be the first pandemic crisis of such proportions that the healthcare workforce in Cyprus have experienced during their career. There has been limited research on the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on healthcare professionals with very few studies in China, a country with vast experience in dealing with outbreaks.
Aims: We aim to examine the psychosocial impact and self-regulation skills of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Presently, a total of 771 healthcare professionals have completed an online survey assessing their Quality of Life (QoL), anxiety, depression, occupational burnout, and self-regulation skills. Preliminary data were analysed using Pearson’s correlations and independent samples t-test.
Results: The sample up to date consists of doctors (n=32, 4.2%), nursing staff (n=687, 89.1%), allied health professionals (n=25, 3.2%), health scientists (n=15, 1.9%, and other healthcare professionals (n=12, 1.6%). Nearly half of the sample (n=368, 47.7%) are directly involved in the care of patients with COVID-19 (frontline staff). The prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety (n=211, 27.3%) and depression (n=206, 26.7%) is notable. Greater use of denial and behavioural disengagement (giving up) as self-regulation skills show consistent associations with poorer QoL (r= -.18 to -.39, p<.01) and greater levels of anxiety, depression, and occupational burnout (r= .18 to .41, p<.01). Greater levels of anxiety, depression, and occupational burnout are associated with poorer QoL outcomes (r= -.31 to -.66, p<.01). Frontline staff report lower physical QoL (t= -2.07, p<.05) and greater levels of anxiety (t= 2.46, p<.05), depression (t= 2.22, p<.05), and occupational burnout (t= 3.90, p<.01) compared with non-frontline staff. Frontline staff also report using more denial (t= 1.99, p<.05) and less acceptance (t= -2.36, p<.05) as self-regulation skills compared with non-frontline staff.
Conclusion: The levels of anxiety, depression, and occupational burnout along with the use of maladaptive skills by healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic can potentially impact their QoL. Frontline staff are at an increased risk for poor psychosocial outcomes. The findings can inform interventions and protocols to support healthcare professionals in utilising effective self-regulation skills during this and future crises in the healthcare setting.

In the last two decades, studies on the relationship between spirituality and health have grown significantly in the International literature. In Brazil, the debate on this subject has reached greater visibility since 2009, mainly in the health sciences, with the appearance of the term "spiritual care". In theology, studies on spiritual care in the health care context are still scarce. This paper aims to contribute to the broadening of this reflection. Firstly, spiritual care is approached from scientific publications in Portuguese language. Second, the interdisciplinary spiritual care model is presented as a holistic approach to patient care and consequences of applying a spiritual care model are outlined. The newly defined role of the hospital chaplains, pastoral counselors and spiritual caregivers is also discussed. As a conclusion, the paper mentions the main challenges going along with interdisciplinary spiritual care, especially those concerning the training of health care professionals. Resumo Nas duas últimas décadas, os estudos sobre a relação entre espiritualidade e saúde tem crescido significativamente no cenário internacional. No Brasil, as pesquisas nesse campo ganharam maior visibilidade a partir de 2009, sobretudo nas Ciências da Saúde, onde começou a aparecer o termo " cuidado espiritual ". Na Teologia, estudos sobre cuidado espiritual dentro do contexto da saúde são escassos. Este artigo pretende contribuir com a ampliação desta reflexão. Primeiramente, o cuidado espiritual é abordado a partir da produção científica em língua portuguesa. Em seguida, o modelo interdisciplinar de cuidado espiritual é apresentado como uma abordagem holística de cuidado ao paciente e também são delineadas as consequências da aplicação de um modelo de cuidado espiritual. Discute-se ainda, o papel novo e recém definido dos capelães hospitalares, conselheiros pastorais e cuidadores espirituais. O texto conclui mencionando os principais desafios que acompanham o cuidado espiritual interdisciplinar, especialmente aqueles que dizem respeito ao treinamento dos profissionais do cuidado em saúde.

INTRODUCTION: According to the World Health Organisation chronic diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the world, representing 60% of all deaths. Strategies employed to tackle chronic diseases aim to act on risk factors through adopting a healthy lifestyle. These strategies can be greatly implemented from the adoption of wearable devices, which allow a thorough and minimally invasive monitoring of patients’ clinical data.
This article aims to clarify whether wearable devices can help in preventing hospital readmission and improve quality of life in chronic patients.
Method: A literature search of electronic databases was performed in January 2017. The following databases were searched: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Pub Med, EMBASE and MEDLINE. RESULTS: 33 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the literature review. DISCUSSION: Various wearable devices are currently available to monitor and keep records of diffe- rent clinical information. Some of them are proved to prevent hospital re-admissions and to treat effectively life-threatening situations in certain categories of chronic patients.
Higher level of acceptability and usability are achieved when users are involved in the testing stage prior to the release of the device and/or the features and terms of use are clearly described to patients and carers. Wearable devices are also proved to be more accurate than clinical assessment only in estimating the risk of falls in chronic patients, thus improving safety in the home care setting.
Regardless of their features, wearable devices are yet to be used by both healthcare professionals and patients on a large scale.
KEYWORDS: wearable devices, chronic conditions, hospital admission prevention, safety, quality of life, healthcare professionals.

The importance of non-technical skills among healthcare professionals is gaining a widespread recognition as critical elements complementing the technical skills used for improving patients' safety. These skills are typically acquired through simulation training, which emerged as an effective way to complement clinical training. Non-technical skills frequently use high-fidelity simulation followed by a facilitated discussion known as debriefing. Debriefing by a skilled facilitator is thought to be essential for effective learning through reflective processes. Unfortunately, evidence to support the elements which contributes towards the effectiveness of debriefing remains sparse. We review the studies where elements of debriefing that have been manipulated and its effectiveness on the acquisition of non-technical skills among healthcare professionals through eight publications across four different databases. Non-technical skills performance improved after manipulated debriefing such as multimedia debrief, self-led debrief or no debrief. Besides, there was no added performance when video recording was added to facilitator-led debriefing. The application of learning theory on specific elements together with the application of selected debriefing models is highly encouraging for effective debriefing.

Background

Healthcare professionals throughout the developed world report higher levels of sickness absence, dissatisfaction, distress, and “burnout” at work than staff in other sectors. There is a growing call for the ‘triple aim’ of healthcare delivery (improving patient experience and outcomes and reducing costs; to include a fourth aim: improving healthcare staff experience of healthcare delivery. A systematic review commissioned by the United Kingdom’s (UK) Department of Health reviewed a large number of international healthy workplace interventions and recommended five whole-system changes to improve healthcare staff health and wellbeing: identification and response to local need, engagement of staff at all levels, and the involvement, visible leadership from, and up-skilling of, management and board-level staff.

Objectives

This systematic review aims to identify whole-system healthy workplace interventions in healthcare settings that incorporate (combinations of) these recommendations and determine whether they improve staff health and wellbeing.

Methods

A comprehensive and systematic search of medical, education, exercise science, and social science databases was undertaken. Studies were included if they reported the results of interventions that included all healthcare staff within a healthcare setting (e.g. whole hospital; whole unit, e.g. ward) in collective activities to improve physical or mental health or promote healthy behaviours.

Results

Eleven studies were identified which incorporated at least one of the whole-system recommendations. Interventions that incorporated recommendations to address local need and engage the whole workforce fell in to four broad types: 1) pre-determined (one-size-fits-all) and no choice of activities (two studies); or 2) pre-determined and some choice of activities (one study); 3) A wide choice of a range of activities and some adaptation to local needs (five studies); or, 3) a participatory approach to creating programmes responsive and adaptive to local staff needs that have extensive choice of activities to participate in (three studies). Only five of the interventions included substantial involvement and engagement of leadership and efforts aimed at up-skilling the leadership of staff to support staff health and wellbeing. Incorporation of more of the recommendations did not appear to be related to effectiveness. The heterogeneity of study designs, populations and outcomes excluded a meta-analysis. All studies were deemed by their authors to be at least partly effective. Two studies reported statistically significant improvement in objectively measured physical health (BMI) and eight in subjective mental health. Six studies reported statistically significant positive changes in subjectively assessed health behaviours.

Conclusions

This systematic review identified 11 studies which incorporate at least one of the Boorman recommendations and provides evidence that whole-system healthy workplace interventions can improve health and wellbeing and promote healthier behaviours in healthcare staff.

With unremitting change and intense competition, nowadays companies in Turkey are increasingly turning to be users of M&A as a tool to grow, build synergy, attain local/global presence, enter into new sectors, or achieve economies of scale and scope. However, it is too bad that they are usually not very good at wielding this tool successfully. Previous research yielded that good management of change related with human side of M&As, particularly the culture factor, has deterministic role in achievement of post-M&A success. Based on this backdrop, the major aim of the current study is to examine the effects of post-M&A culture change on individual and organizational performance outcomes. Survey method was used to gather responses of a purposeful convenience sample of employees (N=154), which went through an M&A process. An organizational culture inventory (DOCS), a personality inventory (NEO), a political skills inventory, and questions assessing perceptions of employees about pre and...

Aims and objectives: This study aimed to examine the psychosocial impact and identify risk factors for poor psychosocial outcomes in healthcare professionals during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Cyprus.
Background: Healthcare professionals are in the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic facing an unprecedented global health crisis, which can have consequences on their psychosocial health. There is a need to identify risk factors for poor psychosocial outcomes to inform the design of tailored psychological interventions.
Design: Cross-sectional online study.
Methods: A total of 1071 healthcare professionals completed self-report
questionnaires. Measures included sociodemographic information, COVID-19- related characteristics, quality of life (Brief World Health Organization Quality of Life; WHOQOL-Bref), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8; PHQ-8),
occupational burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory; CBI), and coping (Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced; Brief COPE). This article follows the STROBE reporting guidelines.
Results: The prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety and clinically significant depression was 27.6% and 26.8%, respectively. Significant risk factors for poor psychological outcomes included being female, being a nurse or doctor (vs non-medical professional), working in frontline units (inpatient, intensive care), perceptions of inadequate workplace preparation to deal with the pandemic, and using avoidance coping. Depression and occupational burnout were significant risk factors for poor quality of life.
Conclusion: The findings suggest several individual, psychosocial, and organisational risk factors for the adverse psychological outcomes observed in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Relevance to clinical practice: This study highlights the urgent need for screening for anxiety and depression and psychological interventions to combat an imminent mental health crisis in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic response protocols and public health initiatives aiming to improve and prevent mental health problems in healthcare professionals during the current and future health crises, need to account for the various factors at play.
KEYWORDS: COVID-19, healthcare professionals, quality of life, anxiety, depression, occupational burnout, coping, SARS-CoV- 2, Pandemic, mental health

Identified barriers of organ donation advancement include lack of knowledge, personal beliefs, and a negative attitude from health professionals. This article reports on current knowledge and attitudes toward kidney donation among nurses and physicians in a Greek general hospital. A previously used questionnaire was applied. More physicians than nurses were donor card holders, with registration rates being lower than expected. Over half of the participants did not consider themselves well informed about registering as a kidney donor. Older nurses differed significantly from younger ones in their willingness to become live donors if an adult required a kidney. Nurses who were blood donors had higher odds ratio of feeling well informed when compared with nurses who were not blood donors. Integrating organ donation issues into undergraduate health science curricula and continuous education interdisciplinary programs is essential in increasing awareness, eradicating negativism, and reversing inertia.

119 This paper examines two sets of ethical issues relating to the health of human migrants and the delivery of healthcare across the globe. The first set pertains to the access of migrants to health care services in their adopted (or adopting) countries. The second set of issues arises in connection with the migration of healthcare professionals from low-and middle-income countries to high-income countries. In the final section the paper looks at these two sets of issues as interconnected concerns within a broader global justice framework of healthcare delivery. We show how the justice issues in the first set relate to the justice issues in the second set. In the end, we propose the adoption of that broader framework, making reference not only to issues of justice but also to the question of the integrity of medicine and the noble objectives of healthcare delivery.

“Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all, at all ages”. It is the Uncitral Sustainable Development Goal number 3. Reasonable and to be shared. Nevertheless, there are many controversies in its area: among health professionals and users, organizations and users, organizations and workers.
After the Second World War, thanks to the attention to health problems increased and life duration has grown as never before in human history. Many countries have implemented national health systems. Expectations of adequate services have grown out of all proportion. A lot of money is invested in healthcare.
High expectations, several potential (and unfortunately actual) conflicts. Characterized, very often, by human and psychological aspects: disability and death. How to manage them?
Prof.a Rosa Perez Martell analyzes all these aspects in the article  “Health, Mediation, and the Sustainable Development Goal 3” Mediate.com, March 2020

Background: Most people do not engage in sufficient physical activity to confer health benefits and to reduce risk of chronic disease. Healthcare professionals frequently provide guidance on physical activity, but often do not meet guideline levels of physical activity themselves. The main objective of this study is to develop and test the efficacy of a tailored intervention to increase healthcare professionals' physical activity participation and quality of life, and to reduce work-related stress and absenteeism. This is the first study to compare the additive effects of three forms of a tailored intervention using different techniques from behavioural theory, which differ according to their focus on motivational, self-regulatory and/or habitual processes.

ÖZET Son dönemlerde, özellikle sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet eğiliminde artış gözlenmektedir. Bu eğilimde özellikle hastaların şiddet uyguladığı genel görüşü hâkim olsa da, yapılan araştırmalar hasta yakınlarının daha çok şiddete başvurduğu, şiddete başvuranların ise fiziksel şiddetten çok sözel şiddete yöneldiği bulgulanmıştır. Sağlık alanında hasta ve sağlık çalışanlarının yaşadıklarını bir problem haline dönüştüren faktörlerin tespiti problemin çözümü için önemlidir. Bu nedenle sağlıkta şiddeti tetikleyen nedenlerin tespiti hem sağlık çalışanları, hem de hasta ve hasta yakınları çerçevesinde empatik bir yaklaşımla tasarlanan araştırmada tarafları şiddete yönelten sebepleri ve uygun ortamı hazırlayan nedenlerin ortaya çıkartılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma çerçevesinde Burdur İli'nde bulunan sağlık tesislerinde şiddet olaylarına karışmış, yer almış, (şiddet uygulayan ya da uygulanan) adli makamlara intikal etmiş, 8 sağlık çalışanı ve 7 hasta ve hasta yakını olmak üzere toplam 15 kişi ile yüz yüze derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler nitel araştırma yöntemlerden biri olan tematik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Görüşme esnasında katılımcılardan sağlık çalışanlarına demografik, çalışma koşulları, sağlık çalışanlarının hasta ve yakınlarını algılama düzeyi, olay örgüsüyle ilgili bilgiler, şiddeti tetikleyenler sebepler; hasta ve hasta yakınlarına da demografik, olayın gelişimi, bilgi düzeyi, olayın nasıl algıladığı, şiddete yol açan sebepler ile ilgili sorular yöneltilerek veriler toplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak sağlık çalışanlarının için motivasyon araçlarındaki eksiklikler, hasta ve yakınlarıyla aralarındaki iletişim eksiklikleri, yönetimden kaynaklı aksaklıklar ile hasta ve yakınlarıyla etkileşim kaynaklı faktörler; hasta ve yakınlarının ise hasta öncelikleri ve hasta hakları konusundaki bilgi eksiklikleri, medyada yer alan sağlıkta şiddet içerikli haber ve programlardan etkilenme, bireysel çıkarları için kurallara uygun olmayan istekler, iletişim eksikliği veya yanlış anlamlandırmalar, olayın kendileri için taşıdığı önem ve gelişim hızından kaynaklı etkiler, ekonomik ve psikolojik durumlarını içeren faktörler gergin ortamın ortaya çıkışını tetikleyen faktörler olarak bulgulanmıştır.

"Despite the scope and sophistication of contemporary health care, there is increasing international concern about the perceived lack of compassion in its delivery. Citing evidence that when the basic needs of patients are attended to with kindness and understanding, recovery often takes place at a faster level, patients cope more effectively with the self-management of chronic disorders and can more easily overcome anxiety associated with various disorders, this book looks at how good care can be put back into the process of caring.

Beginning with an introduction to the historical values associated with the concept of compassion, the text goes on to provide a bio-psycho-social theoretical framework within which the concept might be further explained. The third part presents thought-provoking case studies and explores the implementation and impact of compassion in a range of healthcare settings. The fourth part investigates the role that organizations and their structures can play in promoting or hindering the provision of compassion. The book concludes by discussing how compassion may be taught and evaluated, and suggesting ways for increasing the attention paid to compassion in health care.

Developing a multi-disciplinary theory of compassionate care, and underpinned by empirical examples of good practice, this volume is a valuable resource for all those interesting in understanding and supporting compassion in health care, including advanced students, academics and practitioners within medicine, nursing, psychology, allied health, sociology and philosophy."

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a challenge to the physical and mental well-being of doctors worldwide. Countries around the world introduced severe social restrictions , and significant changes to health service provision in the first wave of the pandemic to suppress the spread of the virus and prioritize healthcare for those who contracted it. This study interviewed 48 hospital doctors who worked in Ireland during the first wave of the pandemic and investigated their conceptualizations of their own well-being during that time (March-May 2020). Doctors were interviewed via Zoom™ or telephone. Interview transcripts were analyzed using structured thematic analysis. Five composite narratives are presented which have been crafted to illustrate themes and experiences emerging from the data. This study found that despite the risks of contracting COVID-19, many doctors saw some improvements to their physical well-being in the first wave of the pandemic. However, most also experienced a decline in their mental well-being due to anxiety, emotional exhaustion, guilt, isolation and poor support. These findings shed light on doctor well-being during COVID-19, and the ways in which they have been affected by the pandemic , both professionally and personally. The paper concludes by highlighting how doctors' work life and well-being can be better supported during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

The current article contains compilation of significant contributions done by theorists over the years about the phenomenon of perinatal loss. The objective of this paper is to provide information about important emotional and psychological consequences on parents who suffer stillbirth. This article addresses identity issues of the mother, father, and their relationship as a couple. It also provides information on the psychological, emotional, and legal aftermath of healthcare professionals who assist during the process of loss.

Bu çalışmanın amacı özel hastane çalışanlarının tükenmişlik düzeylerini tespit etmek ve bu tespitler doğrultusunda öneriler geliştirmektir. Veri toplama aracı olarak, literatür bilgilerinden yararlanılarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen; personelin tanımlayıcı özellikleri, meslek ve çalışma koşulları hakkındaki düşüncelerini tanımlayan 14 sorudan oluşan anket formu ile 22 sorudan oluşan Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği (MTÖ) kullanılmıştır. Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği; 9 maddeden oluşan duygusal tükenmişlik, 5 maddeden oluşan duyarsızlaşma ve 8 maddeden oluşan kişisel başarı alt boyutlarından oluşmaktadır. Alt ölçeklerdeki puanın yüksek olması tükenmişliği ifade etmektedir. Verilerin analizinde kullanılan istatistiksel analiz yöntemlerini belirlemek amacıyla, normal dağılıma uygunluk analizinde Kolmogorov-Smirnov sınaması, verilerin homojenlik durumunu tespit etmek için ise Levene sınaması kullanılmıştır. Bu sınamaların sonuçlarına göre cinsiyet, medeni durum, eşin çalışma durumu ve çalışılan kurum değişkenlerinde; Bağımsız T Testi kullanılırken görev, yaş, eğitim durumu ve mesleki deneyim değişkenlerinde ise Kruskal Wallis Testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, 274 özel hastane personelinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda katılımcıların duygusal tükenme ve duyarsızlaşma puanları normal düzeyde çıkarken kişisel başarı puanları ise düşük düzeyde çıkmıştır. Ayrıca; meslek, yaş, eğitim durumu, mesleki deneyim ve medeni durum gibi demografik değişkenler ile tükenmişliğin alt boyutları arasında en az bir anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşın cinsiyet, çalışılan kurum ve eşin çalışıp çalışmama durumu değişkenleri ile tükenmişliğin alt boyutları arasında herhangi bir anlamlı farklılık bulunamamıştır. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the burnout levels of private hospital employees and develop recommendations based on these findings. The questionnaire form consisting of 14 questions which was developed by the researcher through benefiting from the literature, and describing the defining characteristics of the staff, thoughts about professional and working conditions and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) consisting of 22 questions were used as data collection tool. Maslach Burnout Inventory is composed of emotional exhaustion subscale consisting of 9 items, depersonalization subscale consisting of 5 items and personal accomplishment subscale consisting of 8 items. The high scores on the subscales represent the burnout. In order to determine the statistical analysis methods used in analyzing the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for the analysis of compliance with the normal distribution, and Levene's test was used to determine the homogeneity condition of the data. According to the results of these tests, independent t test was used for the variables including gender, marital status, spouse's employment status and the organization the employee works for, while Kruskal Wallis test was used for the variables including task, age, educational background and professional experience. The study group was composed of 274 private hospitals staff. As a result of the study, while the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores of participants were normal, personal accomplishment scores were at the low level. Also, at least one significant difference was detected between demographic variables such as occupation, age, educational status and marital status subdimensions of the burnout. However, no significant difference was found between the variables, including gender, organization and spouse's employment status subdimensions of the burnout. * Bu çalışma 3. Uluslararası Çin'den Adriyatik'e Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, 27-30/10/2016, İktisadi Kalkınma ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Enstitüsü, Antalya/TURKİYE' de bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.

The increasing feminization of healthcare and medical professions entails the visibility of women in some positions traditionally held by men. Rethinking the widely used generic masculine language... is a matter of gender or a matter of sex?
Through the use of dictionaries and guides for a non-sexist usage of language, this article analyzes how to represent women within the medical language, focusing on the feminine designations applied to the healthcare and medical professions. It
also discusses how to name the men in charge of work positions traditionally considered exclusive of women. Medical language should adjust to reality, always with a respectful approach to both sexes' sensitivity.

Emerging data indicates the prevalence and increased use of pharmaceutical enhancements by young medical professionals. As pharmaceutical enhancements advance and become more readily available, it is imperative to consider their impact on medical professionals. If pharmaceutical enhancements augment a person’s neurological capacities to higher functioning levels, and in some situations having higher functioning levels of focus and concentration could improve patient care, then might medical professionals have a responsibility to enhance? In this paper, I suggest medical professionals may have a responsibility to use pharmaceutical enhancements. In some situations, having higher functioning levels of focus and concentration is conducive to providing the best possible care to a patient. In these circumstances medical professionals should use pharmaceutical cognitive enhancements. I conclude by examining the limitations and implications of this responsibility in the practice of medicine and areas for future research.

Resumen:
Introducción: Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación financiada sobre la información de salud y la responsabilidad de los diferentes sectores implicados en el ejercicio de esta divulgación. Objetivos. Los objetivos son descubrir si se consigue una información educativa, de rigor y de calidad en la prensa vasca, analizar las informaciones de salud y reflexionar sobre el trabajo que realizan los periodistas en el ámbito de la salud y su relación con los/as facultativos/as. Metodología. Se han desarrollado técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. Se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de la prensa vasca entre los años 2001-2010: El Correo, Noticias de Gipuzkoa, Noticias de Álava, Diario de Navarra y Berria. Un total de 30.311 periódicos que se han editado en las dos comunidades en diez años. Se ha procedido a la recolección de datos desde la técnica de la ‘semana compuesta’. El estudio cualitativo se ha realizado a través de entrevistas en profundidad a expertos/as durante 2012: periodistas que habitualmente publican informaciones de salud en los diarios señalados y directores/as de centros sanitarios del País Vasco y Navarra. Conclusión. Este estudio plantea que la información de salud carece de perspectiva educativa; que se necesita una especialización profesional y que médicos y periodistas tienen que fortalecer una mejor relación minimizando las diferencias que les separan.

Abstract:
Introduction: This article presents the results of funded research on health information and the responsibility of the different sectors involved in communicating this knowledge. Objetives. The objectives are to discover whether educational information with rigour and quality is achieved in the Basque press, analyse the health information and examine work done by journalists in the health scope and their relation with doctors. Methodology. Quantitative and qualitative techniques have been implemented. An analysis of the contents of the Basque press between 2001-2010 was carried out: El Correo, Noticias de Gipuzkoa, Noticias de Álava, Diario de Navarra and Berria. A total of 30,311 newspapers published in the two regions in a ten-year period. The data was compiled based on the ‘composite week’ technique. The qualitative study was carried out by means of in-depth interviews to experts during 2012: journalists who commonly publish health information in the aforementioned newspapers and the directors of health care centres in the Basque Country and Navarra. Conclusion. This study raises the issue that health information lacks an educational perspective; professional specialisation is required and doctors and journalists must strengthen a better relation by minimising the differences which separate them