Hungarian Kingdom

A csata korabeli, sokszor művészi igényű ábrázolásai, térképvázlatai olyan azonosítható földrajzi elemeket, terepjellegeket tartalmaznak, amelyek a terepen, a korszerű térképműveken azonosíthatók. Egyes csataképek a madártávlati nézetük belső változásai mellett is arányosak, így meggondolandó térinformatikai eszközökkel való elemzésük. A vizsgálat kiterjedt a csatatér és az érintett környezet seregmozgásokat befolyásoló földrajzi, felszínmorfológiai viszonyaira, a hadmozdulatok által érintett távolabbi tér vizsgálatára is. A művészi ábrázolásokon túli egyes képi megjelenítések, térképek, korábbi szakirodalmi eredmények elemzésével a további régészeti kutatás kiemelt fontosságú területei is meghatározhatók.
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The work examines the prenuptial agreements preserved in the National Archives of Vienna of those ladies-in-waiting who served at the Viennese Court alongside queens and queen consorts and married court officials and high nobles during the early modern period of the Hungarian Kingdom.

This article was published in the first issue of the Journal of Justice, published by the National Office of the Judiciary in 2020. The paper adds new details to the life and work of the last Hungarian Lord Chief Justice George Mailáth, who was murdered in a robbery in 1883. The paper gives an insight into the family's property relations, their solutions to maintain the family property on the basis of the family documents preserved in the Baranya County Archives, the National Archives of Slovakia in Bratislava and the Archives of the Capital City of Budapest.

The Beginnings of the Diplomatic Contacts of Safavid Persia with the Habsburgs and the Kingdom of Hungary in the Early 16th Century

The study deals with the issue of the first diplomatic contacts of Safavid Persia, Jagiellonian Kingdom of Hungary and the Habsburg Monarchy in the early 16th century. The introduction will present primary source materials edited in the collections as well as the respective scholarship. Based on these materials, I will reconstruct the beginnings of the aforementioned diplomatic relations. At first, key emphasis will be placed on the international circumstances of the relations’ constitution at the beginning of the 16th century. The conceptual framework of this historical issue will examine the question of the creation of an anti-Ottoman alliance which should have included Safavid Persia. Because of this, the Safavid dynasty (1501 – 1736) had established contacts with several European states (such as the Papal Curia, Venice and Portugal) from the beginning of their reign. It was they who conveyed the information about Persia to other political leaders of the then Europe, including the Hungarian king and the Holy Roman emperor. Furthermore, I will pursue an analysis of the first surviving correspondence between the first Safavid Shah Ismāʿīl (1501 – 1524), the Hungarian King Louis II. Jagiellonian (1516 – 1526) and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (1519 – 1556). Afterwards, I will indicate the further development of these nascent diplomatic contacts. The study intends to contribute to the knowledge on the international relations and diplomacy between the “West” and the “East” at the beginning of the 16th century, to which the Kingdom of Hungary, the Habsburg Monarchy and Safavid Persia belonged.

The paper deals with the custom of exchanging wedding rings between spouses in the early modern Kingdom of Hungary. On the basis of archival documents it is shown when and what kind of rings were given to the future wives and how the further fate of these rings was regulated in the various family documents.

The list of pastors and teachers of the Békés Reformed Diocese, located in the southeastern region of the Hungarian Kingdom in the 18th century, can be reconstructed from various sources. The most important source is the records of the diocese, in which the pastors inaugurated in the diocese were listed between 1696 and 1809. However, far fewer documents are available about the teachers; the diocese kept incomplete records of them. For both pastors and teachers, parish records and registries should also be considered. If the documents of all the parishes can be processed, a list of pastors and teachers of the diocese who served in the early modern age can be compiled.

During the Middle Ages, Southern Transylvania was always regarded as an entrance gate by the populations inhabiting areas south of the Carpathian Basin. Thus, several Hungarian kings tried to enforce these border areas by settling in German population. The German settlement was closely linked with the development and organization of administrative structures with the aim of serving those particular communities created after the settlement. During the tumultuous 13th century, the Transylvanian Saxons’ administrative-territorial development came to encounter various moments and phases. During a first phase, the German settlers were greeted by a favorable political climate thanks to the issuing of Andrew the IInd’s diploma. This document founded a province beneficiary of an independent status in relation to the institution of the voivode. This privileged status had changed during the eight decades of the 13th century, at a time when several nobility factions were trying to subordinate the county (comitatus) of Sibiu appealing to their influence exercised upon the process of electing the Transylvanian voivode. The present paper aims to depict the phases of evolution and involution characterizing this province, especially with an emphasis upon the political context and the defining events regarding the county (comitatus) of Sibiu.

In my dissertation I wrote about the beginnings of the legislation on fideicommiss in Hungary, compared it with the legislation in the Austrian hereditary lands and showed how it worked in practice using the example of six Hungarian noble families (Thurzó, Pálffy, Esterházy, Erdődy, Zichy and Szirmay), the first founders of fideicommiss on the territory of the Hungarian Kingdom. My dissertation, defended in 2009, was later published as a monograph in a slightly revised form (two new chapters were added on the fideicommissa of the Lower Austrian nobles based on the research in the Salbücher preserved in the State Archive of Vienna and a chapter on the emergence of the Hungarian nobles' privileged freedom to dispose of their property) in 2014 under the title "A családi hitbizományok megjelenése Magyarországon" (The appearance of family fideicommissa in Hungary).

În toamna anului 1494, regele Ungariei Vladislav al II-lea își stabilea curtea la Sibiu pentru aproximativ o lună.  Șederea  suveranului a fost consemnată nu doar succint,  prin intermediul documentelor de cancelarie emise aici în respectivul interval de timp, ci și într-o manieră mai generoasă. Două registre de socoteli, întocmite de autoritățile urbane, surprind efortul comunității pentru o bună găzduire a regelui său.  O preocupare constantă, oglindită în cele două surse, este tocmai aprovizionarea cu produse alimentare și asigurarea serviciilor conexe (transportul apei, prepararea mâncării, ori sacrificarea animalelor). Deși editate cu mai bine de un secol în urmă, socotelile păstrate nu au fost valorificate pe măsura detaliilor conținute și a perspectivelor de analiză pe care le deschid. Drept urmare, scopul demersului nostru este de a lămuri contextul prezenței regale la Sibiu, dar, mai cu seama, de a pune în evidență ce a însemnat acest moment sub aspectul alimentației, cu diversele sale  fațete. Sursele pot fi interogate din perspectiva produselor consumate, a costurilor implicate, a contribuției colective (din partea hinterlandului sibian) ori individuale, uneori asumată în funcție de gen. Dat fiind că evenimentul se înscrie într-un timp al sărbătorii, inclusiv alimentația are un caracter excepțional, aspect sugerat de socotelile avute în vedere, mai ales în privința cantităților înregistrate. Astfel, ele conturează profilul unui oraș capabil să își asume și să susțină prezența  curții regale, lăsând totodată să se întrevadă  specificul economiei  locale, de la procurarea mirodeniilor orientale, la prepararea legumelor și cărnurilor din gospodăriile proprii.

The paper provides insight into the private life and the two marriages - one happy and one less so - of Count Palatine Paul Esterházy with Ursula Esterházy and Eva Thököly along the 17th and 18th centuries in Hungary. The papers examined previously unpublished archival documents.

The history of institutionalized writing in the Hungarian Kingdom is closely linked to the process of enforcing
the royal authority within the provinces. The need to implement an administrative system became a must once the
kingdom’s expansion turned into an accomplished phase. This was the context which led to the emergence of documents
within the Hungarian Kingdom. One is able to state, that the medieval document, even through its primary form,
represented the solution to various problems, economic, social and religious ones. The present paper aims to portray the
history of institutionalized writing in the Hungarian Kingdom, emphasizing the administrative writing, its context of
development, the causes that led to it emerging as such, the evolution of the practice of writing and its characteristics.