أن الله تعالى قد أمرنا بتدبر كتابه الكريم، فما زالت عامة المسلمين لم يدبروها ولو قرؤوه كل يوم حتى يكون القرآن زينة لهم في خزائنهم لم يلمسوه ولو مرة. ورجاء من استفادة هذه الكتابة ما يحض المسلمين على تدبر كتابه الكريم فضلا عما يتعلق بالقصة... more
أن الله تعالى قد أمرنا بتدبر كتابه الكريم، فما زالت عامة المسلمين لم يدبروها ولو قرؤوه كل يوم حتى يكون القرآن زينة لهم في خزائنهم لم يلمسوه ولو مرة. ورجاء من استفادة هذه الكتابة ما يحض المسلمين على تدبر كتابه الكريم فضلا عما يتعلق بالقصة لما فيها إشارة إلى معجزة القرآن الكريم. ومن خلال هذه الكتابة، بحثت عن إعجاز القرآن اللغوي في قصة موسى عليه السلام، وأذكر فيها الآيات اللاتي تشابهت بعضها ببعض وتكررت فيها وألفاظها متفقة، ولكن قد وقع في بعضها زيادة أو نقصان أو تقديم أو تأخير أو إبدال حرف مكان حرف أو غير ذلك مما ينتج الاختلاف بين الآيتين أو الآيات بين السورتي البقرة والأعراف. وفي البحث عنها، سلكت مسلك البحث المكتبي، بمنهاج المقارن الذي يصف ما يتعلق بالموضوع على ما كان عليه من ناحية الإعجاز اللغوي، والفائدة في إعادتها، وما الموجب للزيادة والنقصان والتقديم والتأخير والإبدال، وما الحكمة في تخصيص الآية بذلك دون الآية الأخرى، وهل كان يصلح ما في هذه السورة مكان ما في السورة التي تشاكلها أم لا، ليجري ذلك مجرى علامات تزيل إشكالها وتمتاز بها عن أشكالها من غير أن أشتغل بتفسيرها وتأويلها. وفي اختتام بحث هذه الكتابة، أفصح الأمر حيث أن الآيات المتشابهات في القصة تتجه على مواجهة خاصة ويتضمن على مضمون لا يتضمنه غيره. والتكرار فيها يظهر لنا وجه الإعجاز القرآني اللغوية من عدة أوجه مختلفة.
This article highlights the contribution of Shaykh ʻAbd al-Majid bin Aziz al-Zindani, a notable researcher in the study of al-I'jaz al-ʻIlmi (Islamic Scientific Miracles). Al-Zindani has extensively published written materials in... more
This article highlights the contribution of Shaykh ʻAbd al-Majid bin Aziz al-Zindani, a notable researcher in the study of al-I'jaz al-ʻIlmi (Islamic Scientific Miracles). Al-Zindani has extensively published written materials in supporting al-I'jaz al-ʻIlmi research works based on al-Quran and al-Sunnah as references, which has been used to defend baseless perceptions and accusations due to conflict between Islam and Science. Al-Zindani summarised the important conditions and methods as guideline to the study of al-I'jaz al-ʻIlmi. He was one of the founders of the International Commission on Scientific Signs in Quran and Sunnah and followed by the establishment of al-Iman University in Yemen, which expanded as the Center of Research and Development of al-I'jaz al-ʻIlmi. The main objective of this paper is to review his important information regarding his expertise, as well as his major contributions in the research of al-I'jaz al-ʻIlmi to the Islamic world.
This article examines the politics of knowledge production in the field of Islamic Studies, including Islamic Legal Studies, in the context of the Qur’an and Islamic law. It thinks broadly and freshly about Islamic Studies, categorizing... more
This article examines the politics of knowledge production in the field of Islamic Studies, including Islamic Legal Studies, in the context of the Qur’an and Islamic law. It thinks broadly and freshly about Islamic Studies, categorizing it anew, by considering the study of the Qur’an as it relates to three forms of Islamic Studies: White Supremacist Islamic Studies (WhiSIS), Patriarchal Islamic Legal Studies (PILS), and Intersectional Islamic Studies (IIS). The article examines the fundamental assumptions of WhiSIS and PILS, uncovering their operational logics, before discussing the theoretical framework that underlies IIS’ approach to Islamic Studies. It analyzes the critiques that WhiSIS and PILS level against IIS, and the challenges that IIS poses for both WhiSIS and PILS. It concludes by considering the role of IIS in the future of Islamic Studies.
ShaykhʻAbd al-Majīd bin ‘Azīz al-Zindanī is a notable researcher in the study of al-Iʻjaz al-ʻIlmī (Islamic Scientific Miracles). The study was carried out on the results of his work entitled Ta’ṣīl al-Iʻjaz al-ʻIlmī fī al-Qur’an wa... more
ShaykhʻAbd al-Majīd bin ‘Azīz al-Zindanī is a notable researcher in the study of al-Iʻjaz al-ʻIlmī (Islamic Scientific Miracles). The study was carried out on the results of his work entitled Ta’ṣīl al-Iʻjaz al-ʻIlmī fī al-Qur’an wa al-Sunnah (Ta’ṣīl) to investigate his important contribution in the development study of al-Iʻjaz al-ʻIlmī, the methodology used, summaries of the basic rules of al-Iʻjaz al-ʻIlmī by al-Qur’an and al-Sunnah and the analysis of samples of al-Iʻjaz al-ʻIlmī written by him based on the basic rules of al-Iʻjaz al-ʻIlmī. The primary objectives of this study are to gather important information about al-Zindanī’s biography and his contributions in the study of al-I‘jaz al-‘Ilmī to the Muslim world, study the writing methodology al-Zindanī used in his book and his source for al-I‘jaz al-‘Ilmī, explain the rules of al-I‘jaz al-‘Ilmī in the book of Ta’sīl and analyse samples from al-I‘jaz al-‘Ilmī written by al-Zindanī to see if they are written in the concept and model of al-I‘jaz al-‘Ilmī exemplifies his understanding. This study is done through a library research by collecting data, content analysis and qualitative method. The findings of this study is the empowerment of understanding of the research method of al-I‘jaz al-‘Ilmī to ensure that this method is develop on a strong scientific basis, understand the meaning of al-Iʻjaz al-ʻIlmī and acceptance method, concept and model according to al-Zindanī’s understanding and writing based on al-Qur’an and al-Sunnah in order to harmonize the disagreement on the understanding and acceptance of al-Iʻjaz al-ʻIlmī.
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What makes language beautiful? Arabic Poetics offers an answer to what this pertinent question looked like at the height of the Islamic civilization. In this novel argument, Lara Harb suggests that literary quality depended on the ability... more
What makes language beautiful? Arabic Poetics offers an answer to what this pertinent question looked like at the height of the Islamic civilization. In this novel argument, Lara Harb suggests that literary quality depended on the ability of linguistic expression to produce an experience of discovery and wonder in the listener. Analyzing theories of how rhetorical figures, simile, metaphor, and sentence construction are able to achieve this effect of wonder, Harb shows how this aesthetic theory, first articulated at the turn of the eleventh century CE, represented a major paradigm shift from earlier Arabic criticism which based its judgement on criteria of truthfulness and naturalness. In doing so, this study poses a major challenge to the misconception in modern scholarship that Arabic criticism was 'traditionalist' or 'static', exposing an elegant widespread conceptual framework of literary beauty in the post-eleventh-century Islamicate world which is central to poetic criticism, the interpretation of Aristotle's Poetics in Arabic philosophy and the rationale underlying discussions about the inimitability of the Quran.
Early modern Europeans developed several ways of thinking about the Qur’an and the person whom they took to be its author, the Prophet Muḥammad. This article looks at two distinct traditions of reading the Qur’an as law and as literature... more
Early modern Europeans developed several ways of thinking about the Qur’an and the person whom they took to be its author, the Prophet Muḥammad. This article looks at two distinct traditions of reading the Qur’an as law and as literature and shows how these traditions intersected and eventually merged. Together, they made the Qur’an fruitful for ‘thinking with’ under a variety of headings. Philologists, not philosophes, advanced this long-term process, though prominent non-scholars such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) took advantage of its fruits and used the example of Muḥammad and the Qur’an in their work.
The Qur’an made another contribution to what is now called the Enlightenment. Not too foreign and yet at an intellectually productive distance from Judaism and Christianity, it was a useful point of comparison for the Hebrew Bible. The reinterpretation of Hebrew Bible and Qur’an proceeded in lock step, often through bi-directional comparison, as both works came to be perceived through new aesthetic, rhetorical, and historical lenses. As a result, the two works converged as never before in European intellectual history. What is more, the study of the Qur’an helped to generate a new comparative concept: that of lowercase, plural
scriptures.
In the modern age, the conflict between science and religion manifests itself in the debate between evolution and creation. If we adopt a creationist's reading of the Qur'an, we discover an interesting anomaly. Reading the Qur'an... more
In the modern age, the conflict between science and religion manifests itself in the debate between evolution and creation. If we adopt a creationist's reading of the Qur'an, we discover an interesting anomaly. Reading the Qur'an literally does not necessarily provide the foundation of creationism. Creationists usually have in mind the concept of creatio ex nihilo, or 'creation out of nothing'. However, in the Qur'an, one of the words used for creation, khalaqna, has the root khlq, which means 'to split' or 'to divide'. This root word may even apply to the biological process of cell division. Therefore, from a scientific perspective, using the word khlq to describe this physical process is not problematic. In addition, with close textual analysis of the Qur'an, we realize that the word for creation 'be' (kun) does not truly describe the moment of creation, but rather that of 'being'. The Qur'an separates the notion of creation from being, which poses the question as to what the text constitutes as the ontological nature of the human being and the universe. Therefore, even if we do adopt a literal reading of the Qur'an, we find that it does not necessarily support a worldview that endorses creatio ex nihilo.
An extensive effort has been made to understand the meaning of the disjointed letters (huruf muqatta'at), which mysteriously prefix specific surahs (chapters) of the Quranic text. But all interpretations have not been successful enough to... more
An extensive effort has been made to understand the meaning of the disjointed letters (huruf muqatta'at), which mysteriously prefix specific surahs (chapters) of the Quranic text. But all interpretations have not been successful enough to provide any acceptable explanation. It is against this background that this paper presents a new interpretive approach of these letters and clarifies their divine purpose. An in-depth analysis of the size, position and intervals between the prefixed surahs clearly indicates that the letters mark the subdivision of the Quranic text according to specific fraction points in a well-ordered way. The analysis also shows that the letter combinations do not merely represent the 29 prefixed surahs but actually refer to the entire Quranic text and are closely related to the structured arrangement of its surahs and ayat (verses). Finally, the main conclusion of this study is that the mysterious disjointed letter combinations have actually the potential to provide indisputable evidence that the Qur'an has a divine author.
Les discours piétistes musulmans sur les prétendus miracles scientifiques du Coran et sur la « non évolution » des espèces peuvent sembler paradoxaux, voire contradictoires, de prime abord. En effet, les « miracles scientifiques » du... more
Les discours piétistes musulmans sur les prétendus miracles scientifiques du Coran et sur la « non évolution » des espèces peuvent sembler paradoxaux, voire contradictoires, de prime abord. En effet, les « miracles scientifiques » du Coran prétendent légitimer le discours coranique, donc divin, au sein d’un monde perçu comme dominé par une rationalité techniciste d’inspiration « occidentale ». Si Dieu existe (et il existe bien d’après les tenants de ce discours), il n’a pas pu ne pas prévoir les développements scientifiques de ces derniers siècles. Il appartient donc au·à la pieux·se lecteur·rice de les déceler au détour de tel ou tel verset, car Dieu, dans son infinie miséricorde et sa grande facétie, aurait perlé le Coran d’allusions aux découvertes scientifiques contemporaines, autrefois inaccessibles à l’entendement de pieux ancêtres dont les connaissances étaient plus limitées qu’aujourd’hui.
ABSTRAK Kajian ini merupakan kajian teks yang memfokuskan kepada penggunaan gaya bahasa 'aṭf dalam surah al-Rūm. Dalam melakukan analisis ini, lima ayat daripada surah al-Rūm diambil sebagai bahan kajian. Fokus kajian adalah untuk... more
ABSTRAK Kajian ini merupakan kajian teks yang memfokuskan kepada penggunaan gaya bahasa 'aṭf dalam surah al-Rūm. Dalam melakukan analisis ini, lima ayat daripada surah al-Rūm diambil sebagai bahan kajian. Fokus kajian adalah untuk meneliti perkaitan antara elemen 'aṭf iaitu ma'ṭūf 'alayh dan ma'ṭūf yang terdapat dalam ayat kajian. Dalam melakukan kajian ini, teori Ibn Qayyim (t.t) yang menekankan keperluan mendahului elemen yang perlu didahulukan dan mengkemudiankan elemen yang perlu dikemudiankan diaplikasi. Kajian mendapati perkaitan antara elemen 'aṭf mengisyaratkan kepada suatu makna tertentu yang menggambarkan keindahan linguistik al-Quran. Keimanan dan melakukan amalan kebaikan yang digandingkan bersama mengisyaratkan kepada kedudukan iman sebagai asas penerimaan sesuatu amalan kebaikan. Perkaitan antara kasih sayang dan kasihan belas mengisyaratkan kepada peringkat yang ditempuhi dalam kehidupan berumah tangga. Manakala perkaitan antara pergerakan awan nipis lalu membentuk awan tebal bergumpal mengisyaratkan kepada i'jāz saintifik dalam al-Quran yang menyatakan peranan angin dalam proses pembentukan awan. Kata Kunci: gaya bahasa 'aṭf, perkaitan elemen 'aṭf, makna tersirat, surah al-Rūm. ABSTRACT This study is a text study that focuses on the use of the speech act of 'aṭf in surah al-Rūm. In doing this analysis, five verses from surah al-Rūm were taken as the research samples. The focus of the study is to explore the relation between the elements of ma'ṭūf 'alayh and ma'ṭūf contained in the sample. In doing this study Ibn Qayyim (t.t) theory that precedes the element that needs to be preceded and delays the element that needs to be delayed has been applied. The study found that the relation between the 'aṭf element indicates a certain meaning that illustrates the linguistic beauty of the Qur'an. Faith and good deeds illustrate the position of faith as the basis of acceptance of good deeds. The relation between affection and compassion indicates the phase in the marriage life. The relation between movements of thin clouds and the forming of thick clouds indicate the scientific miracle in the Qur'an which states the role of the wind in the process of cloud formation. Keywords: speech act of 'aṭf, relation of the 'aṭf elements, implied meaning, surah al-Rūm.
Abdülkâhir el-Cürcânî’nin (ö. 471/1078-79) lafızcı fesâhat anlayışını reddederek söz dizimi (nazm) nazariyesini ortaya koyduğu hicri beşinci asırda, bir başka edebiyatçı düşünür İbn Sinân el-Hafâcî’nin (ö. 466/1073) pür lafızcı bir... more
Abdülkâhir el-Cürcânî’nin (ö. 471/1078-79) lafızcı fesâhat anlayışını reddederek söz dizimi (nazm) nazariyesini ortaya koyduğu hicri beşinci asırda, bir başka edebiyatçı düşünür İbn Sinân el-Hafâcî’nin (ö. 466/1073) pür lafızcı bir fesâhat nazariyesi geliştirdiği görülmektedir. Cürcânî’nin sınırları nahvin anlamlarıyla çizilmiş anlamcı fesâhat anlayışı Eş‘arî söz anlayışını dilbilim ve edebiyat zemininden desteklerken, İbn Sinân el-Hafâcî, benimsediği kelâmi mezhebin yaratılmış söz anlayışını doğrudan fesâhat anlayışına yansıtarak lafızcı bir fesâhat anlayışı geliştirir. O bunu yaparken, dilin seslerine dair nahiv biliminde ortaya konan veriler, edebî eleştiri ve belâgat geleneğindeki lafız eksenli yaklaşımlar ile Mu‘tezile kelâmcısı Kâdî Abdülcebbâr’dan (ö. 415/1025) devraldığı yaratılmış söz anlayışını terkiplemektedir. Ancak fesâhatin lafız ve seslere atıfla açıklanması Kur’ân ve onun eşsiz dil özelliği dikkate alındığında birtakım problemlere yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Hafâcî’nin kelâmî kaygılarla geliştirdiği lafızcı söz anlayışının, onu, Kur’ân’ın i‘câzı meselesinde sarfe görüşünü benimsemeye meylettirdiği öne sürülecek. Böylelikle kelâm, belâgat ve i‘câz gelenekleri arasındaki irtibat Hafâcî örnekliği üzerinden gösterilirken, yaratılmış söz anlayışının lafızcı bir fesâhat anlayışını doğurduğuna, lafızcı fesâhat anlayışının da sarfe görüşünü olumlamaya zemin hazırladığına işaret edilecektir.
Islamic theology has normatively considered the Qurʾān to be the Islamic miracle par excellence. This article reads a formative treatise on the topic, Kitāb Iʿjāz al-Qurʾān by Abū Bakr al-Bāqillānī (d. 403/1013), in light of literary... more
Islamic theology has normatively considered the Qurʾān to be the Islamic miracle par excellence. This article reads a formative treatise on the topic, Kitāb Iʿjāz al-Qurʾān by Abū Bakr al-Bāqillānī (d. 403/1013), in light of literary debates over badīʿ poetry in the early Abbasid era. It argues that al-Bāqillānī’s theorizing of the Qurʾān’s literary-rhetorical excellence is best understood in this context, demonstrating that his articulation of aesthetic priorities was shaped by the controversy over badīʿ poetry. In particular, the influence of Abbasid literary discourse is evident in the manner in which al-Bāqillānī champions the clear communication of meaning over ornamentation in texts, showing how contemporaneous literary trends and debates shaped Abbasid iʿjāz al Qurʾān discourse.
Abstract: This paper discusses the work of two French authors who advocate a “scientific” exegesis of the sacred scriptures: the physician Maurice Bucaille (1922-1998) and the religious leader Claude Vorilhon (alias Raël – b. 1946).... more
Abstract: This paper discusses the work of two French authors who advocate a “scientific” exegesis of the sacred scriptures: the physician Maurice Bucaille (1922-1998) and the religious leader Claude Vorilhon (alias Raël – b. 1946). Bucaille argues that the Qur’ān’s divine origin is demonstrated by its accuracy about natural phenomena and “scientific facts,” whereas the Bible does not stand up to a “scientific” examination. Vorilhon supposedly received a revelation regarding the creation of humanity by an alien race, the Elohim. Part and parcel of such revelation is a biblical exegesis that identifies in numerous passages of the Old and the New Testament allusions to the Elohim’s technological interventions in the history of humanity. It is argued that, despite apparent differences, the textual strategies respectively followed by the two authors while blending “science” and scriptures display substantial similarities and that they are influenced by narrative and philosophical patterns deeply rooted in French culture.
