Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)

Emrah SÖYLEMEZ[1], Özge ÇAKIR[2], Tutku GÖKALP[3], Seda NAL[4] ÖZET
Kıyı alanlarına ilişkin yaklaşımlar, bu alanların uluslararası ve ulusal ölçekte politika ve stratejilerin kesişiminde kalması ile sektörel stratejilere konu olmasından dolayı yöntemsel ve araçsal bir değişim içindedir. Türkiye planlama pratiğinde uygulanan Bütünleşik Kıyı Alanları Yönetimi ve Planlaması yaklaşımı da bu değişimlerden etkilenerek süreç içerisinde yeniden şekillenmiş; tanımı, içeriği, ölçeği ve kararları ile kendine özgü bir dile sahip olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de merkezi idarelerin sorumluluğunda yürütülen bütünleşik kıyı alanları planlama çalışmalarının uluslararası düzeydeki yöntem ve politika değişimleri ile birlikte gelişimini ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışma ile temelde üç nesil olarak sınıflandırılan bütünleşik kıyı alanları planlarına ilişkin geliştirilen dil, yaklaşım, planlama ve yönetişim yapısının değişim süreci ve idarelerce uygulamada karşılaşılan sorunlar karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Böylelikle farklı yaklaşımlarla hazırlanan planların geçirdiği dönüşüm sürecine yönelik zaman, idari ve teknik boyutları içeren kapsamlı bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Bütünleşik kıyı alanları yönetimi ve planlaması, kıyı planlaması, kıyı alanları, deniz saha planlaması

Groundwater serves as the main sources of drinking water for the Islanders. Now a days, the groundwater is contaminated due to sea water intusion and continuous anthropogenic activities. A proper understanding of the groundwater quality is important to meet the increasing demand and also for the future planning and development of the water resources. Andrott island is the largest Island in Lakshadweep having an area of 4.90 km 2 with a population density of 2312 person/km 2 (2011 Census). It lies in the east-west direction, between 10° 48′ and 10° 50′ N latitude and 73° 39′ and 73° 42′ E longitude. It is 293 km (158 nautical miles) away from Kochi (mainland). This paper aims to appraise the spatial distribution of groundwater quality of Andrott Island using geospatial approach. Detailed physico-chemical studies had been carried out to identify potential fresh groundwater resources and quantifying vulnerable parts of Andrott Island. BIS standard has been adopted to assess the quality of ground water at each sampling locations. 50 Samples were collected from water quality lab Andrott Island and GPS has been used to collect the sampling point locations. The statistical analysis has been performed using standard methods, by calculating correlation coefficients between different pairs of parameters. Spatial interpolation technique inverse distance weighted (IDW) has been used to estimate the spatial distribution of the groundwater parameters. The final integrated WQI map shows three priority classes such as good, poor and very poor groundwater quality zones of the study area and provides a guideline for the suitability of groundwater for domestic purposes. The result of the study estimated that 82% of pre Monsoon and 64% of post Monsoon samples fall under poor water category and the rest is categorized under good and very poor as per the WQI classification. The present study is helpful in proper planning and management of available water resources for drinking purposes.

The Mediterranean region has long been recognized as a climate “hot-spot”. Investigating the
role of climate and non-climate drivers on coastal zones is vital to understand the underlying
risks and identify appropriate response measures. Existing scientific uncertainties, however,
demand a high degree of flexibility when planning for adaptation to climate and non-climate
driven changes. Designing and implementing a robust method to assess current and future
vulnerabilities and risks to coastal hazards is a challenging issue for researchers and policymakers.
A multi-scale coastal risk index has several advantages that make such a methodology
particularly suitable to help make decisions despite scarce resources, limited local data and
uncertain information about the future

II Congresso sobre Planejamento e Gestão das Zonas Costeiras dos Países de Expressão Portuguesa / IX Congresso da Associação Brasileira de Estudos do Quaternário / II Congresso do Quaternário dos Países de Língua Ibéricas. Recife, PE, Brasil. Outubro 2003.
RESUMO As zonas costeiras constituem ecossistemas únicos e irreconstituíveis à escala humana, resultantes de uma longa evolu-ção, de muitos milhões de anos. Se os estuários e lagunas costeiras foram, desde sempre, objecto de intensa ocupação humana, já nos litorais arenosos oceânicos, por serem inóspitos, essa ocupação apenas se processou significativamente a partir de meados do século XIX, e com maior acuidade na segunda metade do século XX. A brusca intensificação da utilização das zonas costeiras ocorreu sem que os organismos de gestão estivessem para tal devidamente preparados. A consciencialização da nova realidade e das suas consequências, e a tentativa de adaptação das estruturas de gestão de-morou algumas décadas. Para tornar a ocupação e o desenvolvimento sustentáveis, surgiu, nas décadas finais do século XX, o conceito de Gestão Integrada da Zona Costeira. Todavia, em si, é um conceito impossível de concretizar, pois que as zonas costeiras são sistemas abertos. O que é possível, desejável e imprescindível é a Gestão Integrada do Terri-tório (em que obviamente se enquadra a Gestão Integrada da Zona Costeira).
ABSTRACT Coastal zones are unique, irreplaceable ecosystems. They are the result of a long (millions of years) evolution. Since early times estuaries and coastal lagoons were intensively occupied by humans. However, sandy oceanic coast only started to be intensivelly occupied at the 19 th and 20th centuries. Coastal management structures were not prepared for this sudden intensification in the utilization of coastal zones. Some decades were necessary to the management structures adquire conscience for the new reality and its consequences. In order to make sustanable the intensive utilization of coastal zones a new concept was developed during the last decades of the 20th century: the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). However, this concept is not aplicable, namely because cosatl systems are open systems. What is possible, desirable and indispensable is the Integrated Territory Management (from wich ICZM have to be an important part).

Spatial management, including setting aside conservation areas, is central to curbing the global decline of biodiversity, but many threats originate from beyond the boundaries of conservation areas. This is a particular problem in marine systems, which are influenced by many activities on land. In addition, connections between land and sea support many species and ecological processes valued for conservation. Integrated land and sea conservation planning is therefore of utmost importance. We review the literature describing connections between land and sea and how they have been incorporated into conservation planning. Land-sea connections include land-sea processes, the natural flows occurring between realms; cross-system threats, which originate in one realm and affect another; and socioeconomic interactions associated with management decisions to maintain or restore land-sea processes and to prevent or mitigate cross-system threats. We highlight the need to explicitly incorporate land-sea connections in conservation planning and suggest ways of doing this through the use of a novel operational framework for integrated land-sea planning. On the basis of expert surveys and a literature review, we also identify those aspects of conservation planning for which improved integration between land and sea is most needed.

Keunikan pantai laguna Lembupurwo terletak pada laguna luas yang jarang dimiliki oleh pantai-pantai lainnya di Kabupaten Kebumen. Selain itu, pantai Laguna Lembupurwo memiliki gumuk pasir dengan ketinggian bisa mencapai 10 meter yang bersanding manis dengan laguna. Pantai Laguna Lembupurwo juga terasa sejuk karena memiliki hutan cemara udang yang rimbun dan subur. Selain berfungsi sebagai tempat berteduh, cemara udang berguna untuk membentengi pesisir dari ancaman abrasi, terjangan tsunami dan meredam terpaan kencang angin samudera. Akan tetapi, banyak masyarakat yang belum mengetahui Pantai Lembupurwo dan  belum menjadikannya  senagai salah satu destinasi wisata. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan potensi dan keunggulan objek wisata pantai Laguna Lembupurwo penting untuk dilakukan.

Konsep Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) merupakan konsep yang memberikan dasar atau langkah-langkah dalam pengelolaan wilayah pesisir untuk mencegah kerusakan pada ekosistem laut maupun pada manusia. Pada paper ini akan membahas tentang manajemen wilayah pesisir secara terpadu di Negara Slovenia dan Indonesia. Manajemen wilayah pesisir dilakukan dengan cara mitigasi bencana alam yang terjadi di wilayah pesisir Negara Indonesia.

ABSTRAK Ekowisata Mangrove Wonorejo sebagai wilayah yang alami dikelola berdasar kaidah alam, melalui konservasi, restorasi, dan rehabilitasi lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi dan permasalahan yang ada pada Ekowisata Mangrove Wonorejo. Selanjutnya mengetahui strategi pengelolaan berkelanjutan terhadap Kawasan pesisir Ekowisata Mangrove Wonorejo. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif.Teknik pengelolaan data dilakukan dengan studi Pustaka dan data sekunder. Analisis data dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Kondisi lingkungan internal dan eksternal Ekowisata Mangrove Wonorejo Surabaya saat ini terdiri dari kekuatan, yakni berfungsi sebagai penunjang konservasi mangrove, ekologi tempat/kesesuaian tempat, ketersediaan vegetasi flora dan fauna, dukungan modal dari pemerintah dan promosi; kelemahan, yakni sering terjadi perangkapan kerja, pendidikan dan pengalaman pengelola masih kurang, keramahan pengelola masih kurang, kurang pengawasan dari pengelola, dan kebersihan yang kurang terjaga; peluang, yakni sebagai alternatif pariwisata baru, dukungan kebijakan pemerintah, kebutuhan rekreasi masyarakat Surabaya dan sekitarnya, sarana dan prasarana wisata, dukungan dan partisipasi warga Wonorejo; ancaman, yakni pesaing sejenis, penebangan hutan mangrove secara liar, abrasi/kerusakan pantai, sampah dan kerusakan yang di lakukan oleh pengunjung (wisatawan). Strategi yang harus dilakukan oleh Ekowisata Mangrove Wonorejo Surabaya adalah strategi agresif, yaitu strategi yang menggunakan kekuatan untuk memanfaatkan peluang yang ada.

Teluk Jakarta adalah sebuah perairan di utara Jakarta yang memiliki kedalaman relatif dangkal dan morfologinya dibentuk oleh hasil endapan sedimen sungai (Ongkosongo et al., 1977). Teluk ini menjadi vital karena baik pada badan perairannya maupun pada pesisirnya terdapat aneka ragam kegiatan ekonomi seperti pelayaran, pelabuhan, pariwisata, perikanan tangkap, pemukiman, industri dan perdagangan. Terdapat setidaknya 13 (tiga belas) sungai yang bermuara di Teluk Jakarta, sehingga membuat Teluk Jakarta menerima cukup banyak transpor massa sedimen dan limbah dari hulu hingga hilir ketigabelas sungai tersebut sebagai akibat dari banyaknya aktivitas di sepanjang tepian sungai-sungai itu. Semua sedimen dan limbah yang dibawa itu lantas kemudian akan terakumulasi di perairan muara. Sebagai akibat dari akumulasi sedimen dan limbah dalam jumlah yang relatif semakin meningkat oleh karena meningkatnya pula kegiatan di darat dari waktu ke waktu, Teluk Jakarta kemudian mengalami degradasi lingkungan. Berbagai penelitian mengenai degradasi lingkungan di Teluk Jakarta telah dilakukan sejak lama mulai dari Yatim et al. (1979) dan diikuti Hutagalung (1997); Williams et al. (2000); Lestari dan Edward (2004); Sanusi et al. (2005); Sutisna (2007) Arifin dan Fadhlina (2009); Hamzah dan Setiawan (2010). Degradasi Teluk Jakarta diindikasikan dengan keadaan peristiwa blooming fitoplankton (Wardianto et al., 2004), penurunan kualitas hidup pada kerang hijau (Jalius et al. 2008) dan degradasi ekosistem terumbu karang (Estradivarti et al., 2007). Selain kasus-kasus pencemaran perairan seperti yang telah disebutkan contohnya, permasalahan perairan Teluk Jakarta adalah laju sedimentasi yang relatif tinggi akibat banyaknya material yang ditransportasikan oleh aliran sungai. Tingginya laju sedimentasi di Teluk Jakarta sejatinya sudah mulai teridentifikasi sejak awal tahun 1970-an sebagai akibat dari perubahan yang terjadi di daerah hulu dan sepanjang aliran sungai-sungai yang mengalir ke Teluk Jakarta (Lubis et al., 2007). Pemerintah Republik Indonesia melalui Program Pengembangan Terpadu Pesisir Ibukota Negara atau National Capital Integrated Coastal Development (NCICD) sejak Januari 2013 membuat rencana induk (master plan) untuk melanjutkan program Jakarta Coastal Defence Strategy (JCDS) untuk merumuskan suatu strategi komprehensif untuk mengatasi permasalahan banjir di Jakarta. Berdasarkan data BPS tahun 2010, wilayah Provinsi DKI Jakarta yang memiliki luas kurang lebih 7.500 km 2 dan jumlah penduduk mencapai 27,9 juta jiwa merupakan provinsi yang memiliki kepadatan penduduk tertinggi di Indonesia. Terdapat sekitar 4 juta penduduk yang tinggal di daerah rentan terhadap bencana banjir. Banjir juga diperkirakan dapat menimbulkan nilai kerugian ekonomi sekitar 104 triliun dollar Amerika (NCICD, 2013), jika bencana banjir tersebut terus berlarut-larut dan tidak diatasi. Salah satu proyek yang digelontorkan oleh NCICD dalam mengatasi permasalahan banjir di Jakarta adalah pembangunan tanggul laut raksasa: Giant Sea Wall Jakarta (GSW Jakarta). Pembangunannya tentu memerlukan kajian yang mendalam mengingat kegiatan pembangunan tersebut mengubah morfologi yang ada dan kemudian pasti memiliki dampak pada lingkungan dan ekosistem perairan Teluk Jakarta dan kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat di sekitarnya. Selain proyek GSW Jakarta, terdapat proyek lain di Teluk Jakarta yang nyata-nyata juga mengubah morfologi perairannya. Proyek tersebut adalah proyek reklamasi Teluk Jakarta yang dirancang oleh Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah sebagai jawaban atas keterbatasan ruang di Jakarta. METODOLOGI DAN BATASAN Dalam makalah ini, kajian prediksi dan analisis perubahan kondisi perairan Teluk Jakarta sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan GSW Jakarta dan pulau-pulau reklamasi, dibatasi dengan mengkaji hanya pada perubahan perilaku fluktuasi muka air laut dan perilaku arus di Teluk Jakarta. Proses prediksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak pemodelan Delft3D dengan mengasumsikan hanya faktor pasang surut dan masukan air dari sungai-sungai yang akan berperan terhadap perubahan muka laut dan arus. Secara temporal, prediksi ini mencakup waktu satu bulan, pada bulan Januari tahun 2014. Secara spasial, area yang dikaji dalam makalah ini adalah Teluk Jakarta sebelum dan sesudah adanya GSW Jakarta dan pulau-pulau reklamasi. Dari beberapa data lokasi pengamatan yang tersedia, terdapat tiga lokasi yang dibahas secara mendalam pada makalah ini. Tiga lokasi itu merepresentasikan masing-masing area yang nantinya terletak di dalam GSW Jakarta (Stasiun IN01), dekat/pada GSW Jakarta (Stasiun WL01), dan di luar GSW Jakarta (Stasiun OU04).

Coastal erosion, land use and land cover (LULC) changes analysis using remote sensing is a dynamic, relatively low cost based precise method using now a day. Coastal districts of Bangladesh occupied by naturally grown mangrove forest which are susceptible to rapid land cover (LC) changes and natural erosion. Barguna and Patuakhali districts of Bangladesh deserve special attention for conserving coastal mangrove forest named Tengragiri Wildlife Sanctuary and variety of human forces income. The core objective of this research is to analyze the LULC change along with coastal erosion analysis from 2000 to 2017. Combination of four years Landsat satellite image analysis, primary field data, geo-tag photography, secondary information, utilization of forest carbon inventory 2015 data, and semi-structured questionnaire are the key approaches adopted in the study. K-means cluster based unsupervised and maximum likelihood supervised classification by using ERDAS Imagine 2014 found the total study area is 33,361 ha. Random sampling (40 points/class) based accuracy assessment and verification by google earth pro 7.1 found overall accuracy 88.15% and Kappa coefficient is 0.867. Python coding program and overlay operation tested for conversion analysis any found weighted overlay provide best results. An intensive RS analysis of 33,564 ha mangrove forest and community landscapes generated six (6) distinct land cover class and sub-classes, e.g. Forest, agriculture & grassland, plantation, sandbar, settlement and waterbody. During 2000-2017, agriculture and grassland were decreasing 23 ha/year. Out of 11,831 ha (in 2000) Agri-grass land 9,326 ha remained intact while remaining 2,246 ha converted to settlement mixed with homestead plantation class. This study also presents the landscape erosion-accretion due to natural, quasi-natural and anthropogenic interventions which shows that, along the river flow and at the confluence at the Nishanbaria Union (local name Khouttar Char & Fakir hat) to lower side of the Tengragiri WS locations are susceptible to high trend of land erosion whereas accretions are prominent on the reverse sides named Baliatali Union, Barabagi Union and so on. These results of the study and developed maps will be helpful for the community people, line departments, national and international policy maker and the researchers' community for monitoring coastal geomorphology including erosion and accretion of this landmass.

This paper provides an integrated overview of the benefits of coastal planning maps that includes multiple dimensions - physical environmental features, biological environmental features, sociological features and key economic features.  It argues that ICZM have advantages on better managing the coastal and marine issues in South Tarawa, Kiribati

Огляд присвячений національній системі територіального планування в Україні з фокусом на
особливості планування розвитку прибережної смуги морів. Детально розглянуті законодавчі,
інституційні, організаційні та інші аспекти системи планування розвитку територій України та
окреслені позитивні сторони і потреби у вдосконаленні чинної системи регулювання використання
прибережної смуги морів. Окремо розглядаються питання інтегрованого управління прибережною
смугою морів в Україні, зокрема, сутнісні, методологічні, організаційні та інші проблеми його запро-
вадження в національну систему управління природокористуванням. Національні аспекти плану-
вання територіального розвитку розглядаються в контексті міжнародного співробітництва та вико-
ристання кращого світового досвіду.
Огляд підготовлено в рамках проекту The PlanCoast (2006 – 2008) INTERREG III B CADSES Project (Adriatic Sea - Baltic Sea - Black Sea).

The main purpose of this paper was to develop an Oil Spill Hazard Index (OSHI) concerning hydrocarbon maritime traffic. The subsequent aim is to evaluate this hazard index along the whole Italian coastline and waters.
The OSHI processing derives from the aggregation of two hazard subindices: R1 (concerning hydrocarbons
handled at ports) and R2 (related to hydrocarbons in transit). In order to assess the OSHI along the Italian coastline (8660 km), it has been divided into 335 coastal stretches and for each of them an OSHI value was calculated, considering the amount of crude oil and petroleum products moved in the Italian ports or just passed through continental shelf waters, as well as the major Mediterranean oil routes affecting the Italian seas.
All the results (national oil traffic database and hazard indices) were recorded in a Geographic Information System (GIS) database that contains a comparative spatial analysis of these records in order to achieve a critical scale of the oil spill hazard along the Italian waters and coasts.
The obtained results include computerized cartography and operational maps representing useful tools for decision-makers as well as practical guidelines for the elaboration of a national oil spill contingency plan, and the application of the principles of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) by public administrations and local stakeholders.

Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan keragaan sumberdaya pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil dan analisis kecenderungan dampak penambangan pasir laut serta memberikan arahan pemanfaatan dan zona preservasi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau. Penelitian berlangsung dari bulan Oktober – Desember 2003. Metode penelitian mengunakan metode survei dan analisis interprestasi citra satelit landsat ETM7. Potensi Ekosistem Mangrove seluas 24.091,03 ha, Ekosistem padang lamun seluas 7.548,66 ha, Ekosistem Terumbu Karang seluas 15.291,42 ha. Kondisi ekosistem mangrove dari sedang hingga baik, padang lamun keadaan sedang – baik serta terumbu karang dengan kondisi rusak hingga baik. Produksi perikanan tangkap mencapai 88.864,3 ton pada tahun 2002. Hasil analisis overlay kedudukan kuasa pertambangan (KP) dengan areal penangkapan, kawasan lindung dan kawasan budidaya perikanan terdapat 18 unit KP yaitu 12 KP pada daerah penangkapan tradisional (5-10 GT; <6 mil) dan 6 KP pada kawasan Lindung.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has implications for coastal planning and management. Rules for isolation and physical distancing, among other measures for human life protection, have led to the closure of most beaches around the world. The present critical situation has raised the following question: How can some recommendations be designed in sun, sea, and sand tourism-dependent-insular countries to face “the COVID-19 new normality?” We used the content analysis technique to analyze representative publications on a global level to ascertain information on best management practices. A survey of 58 experts provided additional information. We used inferential statistics for sample selection and produced a list of 43 practices and beach planning and management actions to face the COVID-19 pandemic. This led to 27 new recommendations designed for beach planning and management within insular contexts, some of which were tested in the Republic of Cuba. Recommendations aim to guarantee a culture of safety and improvement within the field of beach or coastal planning and management. These recommendations should prove useful for other insular countries, during the COVID-19 period, in the new normality that follows, and in other post-pandemic scenarios.

The COVID-19 pandemic has implications for coastal planning and management. Rules for isolation and physical distancing, among other measures for human life protection, have led to the closure of most beaches around the world. The present critical situation has raised the following question: How can some recommendations be designed in sun, sea, and sand tourism-dependent-insular countries to face "the COVID-19 new normality?" We used the content analysis technique to analyze representative publications on a global level to ascertain information on best management practices. A survey of 58 experts provided additional information. We used infer-ential statistics for sample selection and produced a list of 43 practices and beach planning and management actions to face the COVID-19 pandemic. This led to 27 new recommendations designed for beach planning and management within insular contexts, some of which were tested in the Republic of Cuba. Recommendations aim to guarantee a culture of safety and improvement within the field of beach or coastal planning and management. These recommendations should prove useful for other insular countries, during the COVID-19 period, in the new normality that follows, and in other post-pandemic scenarios.

Nayachar is a 48 km² tidal island situated in the inner Hugli estuary, West Bengal. From 1987, the then State Government started to pursued a plan to reclaim the island and convert it to a major chemical hub. This article first briefly traces the history of past development efforts of the island, and then goes on to show why its industrialisation should be considered as an environmentally unsound idea. The principal arguments are as follows. Nayachar is an ecologically sensitive locale where the process of land-building is continuing in distinct phases. Besides, it also plays an important role in maintaining morphological equilibrium of the estuary by absorbing tidal spillage and therefore should not be reclaimed. Like all islands of the Hugli estuary, it is inherently unstable. The estuary’s deepest parts were once located right where Nayachar has currently accreted. The low-lying island is also vulnerable to wave overwash during high-magnitude tropical storms. These types of storms are set to increase their frequency due to global warming. The warming is also likely to raise the sea level, threatening the island even more. Nayachar’s northeastern part is already under erosion for the last 40 years. The strong north-directed flood tidal currents of the estuary and its adjacent shelf would create major problem for safe disposal of toxic wastes. Finally, as per the existing regulations of the Central Government, it is illegal to make any kind of construction in Nayachar, let alone industrial agglomerations.

Human activities often drive landscape degradation and the associated loss of value. This paper describes a method that, by integrating multiple factors, characterize landscape value to establish relevant and effective management practices. The new integrated method for landscape assessment (IMLA) is a four-step model that includes: (i) establishment of a general theoretical basis for sustainability relevant metrics; (ii) characterization of the landscape; (iii) landscape valuation; (iv) recommendations for landscape value management. Each step includes different interactive components of analysis. The new IMLA considers the potential range of values associated with each landscape unit and facilitates sustainable landscape management. The method is systematic and includes both inductive and deductive reasoning. Its articulation is represented in the conjunction and overlapping of all factors and variables considered. IMLA was tested in Santiago de Cuba Bay (Cuba) and used to determi...

This report presents a series of 17 case studies of coastal management initiatives from a wide a range of countries and territories throughout the Pacific region. Case studies illustrate examples of local, provincial, national and regional scales of actions. The initiatives and lessons described in case studies are:

locally and culturally appropriate,
suitable to national institutional structure and capacity,
supported by evidence or considered to have a high likelihood of success,
cost effective and potentially sustainable or promoting sustainability,
potentially applicable elsewhere

EDITOR'S NOTE: This paper represents 1 of 5 review articles generated from 2 research projects funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Program, ARCH and LAGOONS. The projects aim to develop and apply participative methodologies in collaboration with key stakeholders, to manage the multiple problems affecting European lagoons and estuaries. The articles in this series provide strategies for the sustainable management of these vulnerable ecosystems, which are increasingly threatened by climate change, urbanization, and industrialization. ABSTRACT The present study applies an evolutionary resilience framework to complex socioecological systems in the coastal regions in Europe with a particular focus on lagoons. Despite their variations, lagoons share common challenges in achieving effective and sustainable ways of governing and managing economic, social, and environmental uncertainties. Our aim is to demonstrate that building resilience involves planning not only for recovery from shocks but also for cultivating preparedness and seeking potential transformative opportunities that emerge from change. The framework consists of 4 dimensions: persistence, adaptability, transformability, and preparedness. To illustrate how this 4-dimensional framework can be applied to the specific context of lagoons, we draw on examples of good and poor practices from the 10 lagoons studied as part of the ARCH project. Integr Environ Assess Manage 2016;12:000-000. © 2016 SETAC.

In this study, a multi-criteria index was developed to assess anthropogenic stressors along the Medi-terranean coastline. The index aimed at geo-locating pollution hotspots for informed decision making related to coastal zone management. The index was integrated in a Geographical Information System based geodatabase implemented at several pilot areas along the Northern (Italy and France), Eastern (Lebanon), and Southern (Tunisia) Mediterranean coastlines. The generated stressor maps were coupled with a biodiversity richness index and an environmental sensitivity index to produce vulnerability maps that can form the basis for prioritizing management and mitigation interventions towards the identification of pollution hotspots and the promotion of sustainable coastal zone management. The results identified significant differences between the two assessment methods, which can bias prioritization in decision making and policy planning depending on stakeholders' interests. The discrepancies emphasize the need for transparency and understanding of the underlying foundations behind vulnerability indices and mapping development.

Cuba embraced integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) after the Earth Summit, 1992. A series of legal and institutional arrangements rapidly emerged, creating a more solid framework for ICZM in the Caribbean island. Nonetheless, although nearly 48% of Cuba jurisdictional area is ocean, the scope of most ICZM initiatives in the country has been limited to coastal terrestrial issues. Thus, recognition for the inclusion of the marine component of the coastal zone in the national policies and legislation for ocean and coastal management is needed. This paper discusses a number of policy and legal shortcomings that constrain integration and success in ICZM initiatives. Such limitations coupled with opportunities arising from the current political and economic context in the island put the realization of successful ICZM at risk. Overall, the development of a new and comprehensive policy that supports integrated coastal and ocean management in Cuba is critical for: i) addressing the gaps and limitations of the national ICZM approach; and ii) addressing the imminent challenges and opportunities that the new Cuban economic model may represent to the national governance of ICZM.

The Mediterranean environment stressors and their effect on trophic state require the assessment of interconnection between land-based drivers, the real and potential pressures and impacts. To achieve this, it is necessary to consider as well, several social and economic factors that may influence decision-making around land-sea planning and the management of nutrient, pollutants and sediment transport. Moreover, once the ecological situation is characterized, it is advisable to establish the linking between the natural systems and the ecosystem services. In the Mediterranean Sea, it fairly demonstrated by ecosystem-based management approaches and the literature that human activities can affect the water column, the seafloor, and the biodiversity, among others. Moreover, it is a fact that these issues require a detailed piece of knowledge of a wide variety of geological, sociological, economical and biological variables, among others. Those variables are dependent on prioritises act...