Handoko Adi Susanto

Special economic zone (SEZ) is one of the economic policies of Government of Indonesia (GoI) to boost economic growth of country. One of the economic sectors which is put as platform of SEZ is the coastal and marine tourism. This paper aims to assess the sustainability of Coastal Tour-ism SEZ with the case of Tanjung Lesung Coastal Area. We modify Casagrandi-Rinaldi-Lacitignola (CRL Model) by incorporating community model as importance factors as well as tourists, capital, and environmental models. The results show that by incorporating community in the development scenario will increase the sustainability of tourism in the Tanjung Lesung SEZ where income, environmental factors and attractiveness of the tourism are increasing during the simulation period.

Saleh Bay is one of the locations where whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) occurrence observed in Indonesia and can be found all year round. Whale sharks broadly distributed throughout tropical and sub-tropical waters of the world’s oceans. Immature male is less than 7 m long, while female is less than 10 m, mostly tend to coastal habitat related. Result of research by Conservation International presented at International Whale Shark Conference in Australia in 2019, Whale Sharks in Saleh Bay had home movement patterns. This study aims to prove that Saleh Bay is the residential area of the whale shark. This study was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020. The Photo-ID data obtained were compared with CI’s Saleh Bay Whale Shark ID Catalog data which last update on April 2020. Surface temperature was measured directly in the range of 29-320C, data for chlorophyll-a were taken from marine.copernicus.eu and bathymetry from cmap.ihms.us then interpolated using QGIS 3.10 software. From ...

Managed access with reserved (MAR) is an approach for sustainable fisheries management, combined community-based conservation approach with spatial management to restore and protect Indonesia’s small-scale fisheries. This paper examines the implementation of MAR programs in Batu Belah village of Anambas islands marine recreational park, Riau islands province. The structured household survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted along with field observation during December 2018. The descriptive analysis applied to understand community knowledge, acceptance, participation, and perception on the current of marine environmental conditions, while the Analytic Network Process (ANP) used to identify problems and best strategies to improve future actions. Community knowledge and participation in MAR programs are at a moderate level, while community acceptance of MAR programs is at a high level. They mostly responded that the coastal environment is in better condition compared to pre...

The Arafura and Timor Seas (ATS) region is shared by Indonesia, Timor Leste, Australia, and Papua New Guinea (PNG), and is at the intersection of the Pacific and Indian oceans. High coastal population densities, degraded habitats, overexploited fisheries, low profile coasts, shallow continental shelves and macro-tidal conditions mean that coastal and marine environments in the region are currently facing multiple pressures. Climate change is expected to exacerbate these pressures and have profound effects on the status and distribution of coastal and marine habitats, the fish and invertebrates they support and, as a consequence, dependent communities and industries. Downscaled climate change projections for 2041–2070 for air and sea temperature, ocean chemistry and rainfall were modelled to provide spatially relevant regional and local data for a structured semi-quantitative vulnerability assessment. Results of the assessment were spatially variable and identified shallow coral reefs as highly vulnerable, particularly in the Timor Leste and Indonesia-Arafura sub-regions. Seagrass meadows were most vulnerable in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Indonesia-Arafura, and Timor Leste sub-regions. Mangroves and estuarine habitats were most vulnerable in Timor Leste and Western PNG sub-regions. Drivers of vulnerability include poor habitat condition, non-climate pressures, low connectivity, and limited formal management. Marine species vulnerability was also spatially variable, with highly vulnerable and priority species identified for each sub-region, including finfish and marine invertebrates. A key driver of species vulnerability was their stock status, with many species in Timor Leste, Western PNG and Indonesia, and several in northern Australia, overfished or potentially overfished. Limited management in some sub-regions, as well as non-climate pressures such as habitat decline, poor water quality and illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing were also key drivers. Species of conservation interest (dugong and marine turtles) were also highly vulnerable to climate change, driven by their threatened status and the fact that they are low productivity species that take years to recover from impacts. Priority species and habitats for local action were identified, and current pressures that undermine condition and/or resilience, with strategic recommendations aimed at minimising climate change vulnerability.

The mangrove area in the coastal area of Karawang Regency has become an area that is ecologically pressured by the surrounding area, which greatly affects its sustainability. Coastal community awareness is very important to preserve the mangrove areas. This study was conducted from October 2016 to March 2017. At nine coastal districts of Karawang Regency, it aims to analyze fisheries’ productivity associated within mangroves ecosystem based on mangrove data produced in 1995, 2005 and 2015. Correlation analysis between the production of some fishery commodities and mangrove area was conducted using SPSS 17. The results showed that the correlation between the mangrove ecosystem and the capture fisheries production was 0.7257. It can be concluded that there was a relationship between the mangrove ecosystem and the total fisheries production in Karawang Regency. The condition was expressed by the production of speckled shrimp, white shrimp, mullet and crab.

This study assessed variations in the relationship between zooxanthellae and their coral hosts seasonally and spatially. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes ( d 13 C and  d 15 N) were used to analyze the patterns of nutritional transport between coral and zooxanthellae. Studies of temporal differences were conducted during two dry seasons and one rainy season in the Berau Marine Conservation Area, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. To assess spatial variations, coral samples from three genera ( Porites , Seriatopora and Stylophora ) were collected from three localities, designated as nearest, medium, and farthest from the Berau River mouth. The lower  d 13 C of Seriatopora compared with the other two genera suggested that corals in this genus were more actively utilizing particulate organic matter and adopting a heterotrophic feeding mode. The  d 13 C values of coral tissue and zooxanthellae also were affected by differences in seasons, localities, and depth, whereas the  d 15 N values varied significantly with seasons alone. Differences in  d 15 N values between coral tissue and zooxanthellae were always positive in the first and second dry seasons, but negative in the rainy season. This finding indicated that zooxanthellae were the main source of coral nutrients during the dry season, while host coral may support zooxanthellae nutrition during rainy season of low turbidity. Spatially, sedimentation does not show significant impact to the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae.

Pemanfaatan ruang wisata harus memperhatikan kesesuaian dan daya dukung sumberdaya dan lingkungan dimana aktivitas wisata itu berada. Kesesuaian dan daya dukung wisata akan memberikan gambaran daya tampung wisata pesisir yang akan dikembangkan pada suatu kawasan wisata. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kesesuaian dan daya dukung wisata pesisisr di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Tanjung Lesung. Kesesuaian dan daya dukung wisata pesisir yang dianalisis adalah rekreasi pantai, banana boat, selam, snorkeling dan memancing, di 5 stasiun pengamatan.   Parameter yang digunakan untuk analisis spasial kesesuaian yaitu parameter indeks kesesuaian wisata (IKW) yang kemudian dizonasi dengan menggunakan multi criteria analysis (MCA) melalui kalkulasi jarak spasial (Euclidean distance) untuk mendapatkan zona-zona secara spasial dan luasnya. Perhitungan model matematika Boullon (Boullon’s Carrying Capacity Mathematical Model atau BCCMM) digunakan untuk analisis daya dukung. Dari hasil a...

Economic Valuation of Recreational Fishing Tourism in Tanjung Kait Coastal Water, Tangerang, Banten: Contingent Valuation Method and Travel Cost Method Approach Tanjung Kait, located in the north coast of Tangerang, has undeveloped tourism potential of recreational fishing on a bamboo platform in the middle of the sea. The purpose of this research was to determine the economic value of recreational fishing tourism in Tanjung Kait and to identify the influencing factors of the tourism demand in Tanjung Kait. Methods used in this research were Travel Cost Method (TCM) and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Linear regression was used to determine influencing factors of tourism demand. Data were obtained by interviewing tourists as respondents, with the help of questionnaires. The result of TCM showed that factors that significantly contributed the number of visits were education and duration of visit. Potential economic value of tourism activity in Tanjung Kait based on TCM reached IDR...

It was evident that many projects aided by international agencies that are implemented in Indonesia have been ‘sun-set project' only. Once the donor countries stop the funding, so do the projects: all the activities, the mission, and the related functions cease. In order to mitigate this, currently many Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) projects were implemented and are being implemented with an emphasis to local community participation and program sustainability through institutionalization, institutional building, and training. Among these, Coastal Resources Management Project (CRMP) has been implemented using two track approaches at both regional and village level. CRMP has built the capacity of existing institutions and created local institutions, through which the ICM program has been implemented. However, the important question is whether these institutions are likely to be sustained after the termination of the project. Therefore, this book examines the project achievem...

Tourism in general is often seen as an opportunity to promote economic and social development, as well as coastal tourism. Coastal tourism activities are also a driving force that can affect ecosystem structures and processes and reduce existing resources on the coast. The research aims to manage tourism coastal areas, both mainland and waters, therefore integrated zone development and sustainable between land and water can be realized. DPSIR analysis (Drivers, Pressure, State, Impact, Response) is a descriptive study with primary and secondary data obtained from respondents (tourist, community, expert) and literature review. The analysis was carried out with qualitative analysis and to test the results of the literature review and the results of field observations, an expert survey was carried out so that the factors in the management of coastal tourism in an area designated as a tourism zone were obtained. The dominant factors resulting from the DPSIR analysis can be concluded as ...

The development of coastal areas is growing rapidly in line with the high population growth that will threaten the continuity of coastal areas and ecosystems. Mangrove area located in the coastal area of Karawang Regency becomes an ecologically challenged area that greatly affects its sustainability. This study aims to examine mangrove ecosystems and community perspectives on the management of the mangrove ecosystems continuously and sustainably. The method used was a survey study at Nine Districts in Karawang Regency using the descriptive method with case study and perspective analysis on ten categories. Data were collected through interviews, observation and supported by secondary data. The description of this study was focused on mangrove ecosystem condition and community perspective in mangrove area management in coastal district Karawang. Data analysis used was a descriptive qualitative approach based on average with scales. The analysis results showed that most of the coastal ...

Abstrak One of the main coastal ecosystems of Tangerang Regency is the mangrove ecosystem is the mangrove ecosystem has numerous functions. However, this does not guarantee that it would not experience degradation and damage. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the level of mangrove ecosystem degradation in Tangerang Regency. The method used in this study is purposive sampling, whilst the measurement was performed through transect and non-transect methods with a reference to Indonesian National Standard Number 7717 year 2011. Data analysis in this study refers to calculations based on the Decree of the State Minister of Environment Number 201 year 2004 and Fauzi and Anna’s study in 2005. Results of this study indicated that the level of mangrove density of all village sites/stations in the category of rarely-damaged due to the fact that density values in all villages are below the range of 1,000 trees/ha. Meanwhile, the percentage value of mangrove cover is under the category of r...

Prioritas perencanaan sangat penting ditentukan untuk menjadi acuan pengelola dalam meningkatkan efektivitas pengelolaan kawasan konservasi perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prioritas perencanaan pengelolaan kawasan konservasi perairan daerah (KKPD) Pulau Ay-Rhun menggunakan metode Jejaring Analitik (Analytic Network Process, ANP). Permasalahan dan solusi dalam penentuan prioritas pengelolaan ini dikelompokkan menjadi empat, yakni: cluster ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, dan kelembagaan dengan masing-masing sub-cluster berdasarkan hasil diskusi kelompok terfokus (Focus Group Discussion, FGD). Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa masalah utama kawasan konservasi perairan Pulau Ay-Rhun adalah cluster ekologi. Sementara hasil analisis sub-cluster menunjukan bahwa permasalahan prioritas pengelolaan adalah: (1) cluster kelembagaan berupa kurangnya kapasitas dan kuantitas SDM dengan nilai 0,6711; (2) cluster sosial berupa kurangnya pemahaman terkait konservasi dengan nilai 0,6340...

The coastal area is one of the natural magnificence that is visited by many tourists because it has unique attraction such as white sand, exotic waves, unique coral reef, and beautiful natural scenery. The natural magnificence must be maintained by a variety of damages due to human activities and natural processes such as the tsunami. The impact of the tsunami disaster, in addition to psychological trauma also had an impact on the condition of the objects of tourist attraction, which eventually led to a decline in the number of tourists. Some damage to tourist objects and attractions studied in this paper include spatial conditions, changes in the transparency of seawater on the coast and the condition of existing coral reef. The analysis was carried out by comparing the conditions before and after the impact of the tsunami at Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in December 22th 2018. Through this analysis, it is expected that the management of coastal tourism in the after ts...

SAP Selat Pantar terletak di Kabupaten Alor Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Kawasan ini memiliki daya tarik berupa pantai karang berpasir putih yang landai dengan pemandangan bawah laut yang indah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SAP Selat Pantar Kabupaten Alor, pada bulan Agustus s/d Oktober 2016. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesesuaian kawasan untuk kegiatan wisata rekreasi pantai dan menganalisis daya dukung (carrying capacity) kawasan SAP Selat Pantar untuk kegiatan wisata bahari berbasis ekologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer pengambilan data analisis kualitas air, metode penentuan kesesuaian kawasan berdasarkan perkalian skor dan bobot yang diperoleh dari setiap paremeter, kedalaman, tipe pantai, lebar pantai, kecerahan, kecepatan arus, material dasar perairan, pengamatan biota berbahaya, dan ketersediaan air tawar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa potensi ekowisata pantai di SAP Selat Pantar ditemukan ada dua kategori yaitu kategori sangat sesuai den...

Green mussel is one of the fisheries resources have to be developed to prospective higheconomically valuable commodities .This is proportional to the nutrition beef , eggs and chicken .This indicates that green shell are mostly potential can be developed through the cultivation .The study is done at july until august sea north of java in 2019 , the village Ketapang , Mauk district , Tangerang , Banten .The data under the four station representing village ketapang waters .The methodology used by approaching purposive sampling method uses the data analysis by the ratings point .The village ketapang skoring waters that is both life and research sites support green shell that could be used as the green mussel cultivation .

This study assessed variations in the relationship between zooxanthellae and their coral hosts seasonally and spatially. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes ( d 13 C and  d 15 N) were used to analyze the patterns of nutritional transport between coral and zooxanthellae. Studies of temporal differences were conducted during two dry seasons and one rainy season in the Berau Marine Conservation Area, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. To assess spatial variations, coral samples from three genera ( Porites , Seriatopora and Stylophora ) were collected from three localities, designated as nearest, medium, and farthest from the Berau River mouth. The lower  d 13 C of Seriatopora compared with the other two genera suggested that corals in this genus were more actively utilizing particulate organic matter and adopting a heterotrophic feeding mode. The  d 13 C values of coral tissue and zooxanthellae also were affected by differences in seasons, localities, and depth, whereas the  d 15 N values varied significantly with seasons alone. Differences in  d 15 N values between coral tissue and zooxanthellae were always positive in the first and second dry seasons, but negative in the rainy season. This finding indicated that zooxanthellae were the main source of coral nutrients during the dry season, while host coral may support zooxanthellae nutrition during rainy season of low turbidity. Spatially, sedimentation does not show significant impact to the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae.

From the Coral Triangle, which is the global centre of marine biodiversity, species richness tends to decrease eastward across the Pacific Ocean and westward across the Indian Ocean. However, this region is severely threatened by both human and natural disturbances, calling for urgent conservation efforts. Conservation and management decisions inevitably require definition of the limits of population structure of each species as well as mechanisms that produce high biodiversity in the Coral Triangle. In this study we sequenced the mitochondrial COI region of the pincushion seastar, Culcita sp., a common coral reef seastar whose life history resembles other well-studied coral reef seastars. We found a large genetic difference between Indian (Culcita schmideliana) and Pacific Ocean (Culcita novaeguineae) lineages. All the populations (except from Thailand) had Pacific mtDNA haplotypes, while central and western Indonesian populations had both Indian and Pacific haplotypes, showing a s...

In 2014 at the end of his term, Indonesia’s President SB. Yudhoyono passed a law that changed the roles of district (i.e., local) and provincial governments in marine resource management. Under prior law, local governments had held authority to manage marine resources out to four nautical miles from the coastline, with provincial governments then managing from the 4-nm line to 12 nm.*  But under the new law, Law No. 23 of 2014, that local authority was transferred to the provincial level. As a result, provincial governments now have authority from the shore to 12 nm — including for exploration, exploitation, conservation, marine spatial planning, and other management of marine resources — and local governments have none

Indonesia is a mega-biodiversity country, while several scientists referred to Indonesia as the "Amazon" of the world's global marine ecosystem. In 2006, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in his speech during the CBD meeting informed the audience that Indonesia is committed to develop marine protected areas covering 10 million hectares in 2010 and 20 million hectares in 2020. Similarly at the global level, it was also emphasized that the development of marine protected areas are not only focusing towards the region but also the towards the effectiveness of marine conservation area itself. This is to ensure that marine protected areas are working according to its intended functions. One of the marine protected areas in Indonesia is the Karimunjawa National Park. The Karimun National Park zones have been revised in 2005 and to examine its effectiveness its statas and condition will be examined in the year 2010. The objective of this study are to: (i) Provide ...

Pemerintah Republik Indonesia berkomitmen untuk mencadangkan dan menetapkan 20 juta hektare lingkungan pesisir dan laut untuk kepentingan konservasi pada tahun 2020, dimana saat ini luasan tersebut telah mencapai 15,7 juta hektare. Agar kawasan yang luas ini dapat memberikan manfaat positif yang sebesar-besarnya bagi masyarakat dan menunjang upaya konservasi sumberdaya hayati yang terperbaharui maka kawasan tersebut perlu dikelola secara efektif. Pengelolaan efektif didefinisikan sebagai “(tingkat) sejauh mana upaya-upaya pengelolaan memberikan hasil atau dampak yang positif baik bagi sumberdaya hayati dalam kawasan maupun bagi masyarakat yang berasosiasi dengan kawasan tersebut.” Untuk itu, diperlukan suatu perangkat yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai capaian efektivitas pengelolaan sekaligus manfaat yang dihasilkannya.
Makalah ini menyajikan kerangka pikir dan langkah-langkah yang dilaksanakan oleh Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan untuk menilai efektivitas pengelolaan kawasan konservasi perairan, pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil. Menurut perspektif Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, pengelolaan yang efektif agar suatu kawasan bisa memberikan manfaat yang diharapkan perlu melewati langkah-langkah berikut: (i) pembuatan dan pelaksanaan rencana pengelolaan dan zonasi; (ii) pendirian kelembagaan pengelolaan; dan (iii) penetapan/ penguatan status kawasan, yang dipuncaki dengan (iv) upaya-upaya pengelolaan yang secara simultan meliputi aspek-aspek ekologi/sumberdaya hayati, sosial-ekonomi, dan percepatan penatalaksanaan. Semua hal ini merupakan bagian terpadu dari pedoman untuk menilai efektivitas pengelolaan kawasan konservasi perairan, pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil (Pedoman Penilaian E-KKP3K), yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan oleh Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, khususnya Direktorat Konservasi Kawasan dan Jenis Ikan (KKJI). Sebagai penutup, rencana kegiatan ke depan terkait dengan penerapan sistem evaluasi secara nasional juga akan turut dibahas.

Abstracts. The numbers of MPAs in Indonesia have been significantly increased in the last ten years after declaration of the targeted 20 million hectares of MPAs in 2020 by President Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono.  Several MPAs have been designated and designed based on various indicators as conservation targets.  It is important to make lesson learned how conservation targets were defined and incorporated in MPA design in Indonesia.  The objectives of this study are to analyze the indicators and conservation targets that commonly used in the designation and the design of MPAs in Indonesia. Conservation targets in spatial planning of six MPAs and three MPA networks in Indonesia were analyzed using the relative frequency and frequency matrix analyses. We concluded that conservation target selection in spatial design of the six MPAs and three MPA networks in Indonesia were based on ecosystem approach which focused for conservation of coastal ecosystems.