Kano

Introduction: Typhoid fever is a major public health problem in developing countries. Typhoid fever is transmitted by the feco-oral root through ingestion of contaminated food or water that contains Salmonella typhi. Poor knowledge and risk perception towards typhoid fever contributed to the prolonged transmission of diseases in the community. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and risk perception towards typhoid fever among Gyadi-Gyadi communities in Kano, Nigeria. Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gyadi-Gyadi from April, 2019 to May, 2019. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was performed to obtain the frequency distribution of the variables. Results: Results: The result shows that 300 participants responded to the questionnaire. 165 respondents (55%) were male and the remaining 135 (45%) were female. Regarding sign and symptom most of 287 (95.7%) of the respondents have answered headache. Concerning risk perception, majority 160 (53.7%) agree that lack of hand washing practice contribute to typhoid fever infection Conclusion: The study revealed that the respondents have good knowledge towards typhoid fever. However, the risk perception status of the respondents towards typhoid fever is poor. Recommendation: Supportive supervision for health extension workers in order to strengthen effective health education to the community on the causes of the diseases and possible preventives measure.

River tourism is an alternative type of tourism that includes nature trips and walks, swimming  and  sports  activities  such  as  amateur  fishing,  rafting,  canoeing,  river kayaking. The use of rivers for recreational activities is called river tourism. Like other types of nature-based tourism, river tourism is closely related to the principle of living
in harmony with nature, integrating with the environment.
The  purpose  of  this  study  is  to  propose  solutions  for  the  development  of  the  river tourism  in  Antalya,  the  sustainability  and  the  protection  of  the  resources.  In  this study, firstly a general theoretical framework about river tourism will be presented. The general situation and potential of river tourism in Turkey will be examined. It will focus on the policies and  strategies that need to be  done in order to contribute to the development of river tourism in Antalya and the development of the region and the country. SWOT analysis will be carried out in order  to determine the situation and potential  of  the  rivers  of  Antalya  and  to  contribute  to  tourism  opening  and
development; strong and weak points; threats and opportunities will be determined.

Kano and its environs came under British rule in the first years of the twentieth century. The British introduced new systems that dramatically transformed the direction of events and the way of life of the people. Scholars have examined the historical development of Kano from multiple perspectives. Thus, the present study is a contribution to the analysis of the historical development of Kano Province under colonial rule with a focus on economic development. Development here refers to economic development, or those features that support it such as railroads, roads, storage facilities, etc.; the "soft" human development, such as education, health, clean water, and electricity; the human capital that supports it; and of course, the social groups that are at the centre of any economic process. The study examines the colonial economy and developments in Kano from its establishment as a province after the conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate between 1897 and 1903, up to the end of the Great Depression and the beginning of the Second World War. The study examines the nature of the economic development of Kano and related issues, which impacted economic activities during the period. These issues include administrative restructuring, the abolition of slavery, the land tenure system, agriculture, taxation, trade, labour, infrastructure development, reform of the legal system, and economic regulating systems. The innovations that the British colonial authorities introduced made it possible for the economy of Kano to become integrated into the global economy, as agricultural products were exported in large quantities, notably groundnuts. Though most of these policies were targeted towards the maximization of the colonial interests, they were nevertheless initiated and implemented with peculiar considerations to the environmental suitability, socio-political setting, and population configuration of the indigenous Kano people. While not denying that the colonial occupation of Kano was deliberately
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designed and implemented by the British authorities to serve their imperial interests, the study argues further that the realistic effects of colonial planning also led to diverse economic advancement for the Kano area as well as for the indigenous and foreign population during the period under study. The research is problematized within the context of the factors that influenced the economic boom in Kano during the colonial period. Generally, the research confirms that Kano’s colonial economy went through a series of changes from the pre-colonial levels to periods of boom and bust from the first decade of the nineteenth century through the Great Depression and the onset of the Second World War. When the British arrived in Kano, they were not well informed of local conditions. The first resident, Cargill, became embroiled in a policy dispute, but the opening of the railway in 1911 saved the day, which enabled the unprecedented exploitation of the area. The railway linked Kano to international trade, which increased its fortunes until the Global Depression reversed the trend. This thesis establishes that colonial policies had significant consequences on Kano’s economy, and the area benefitted from colonialism in many ways which helped to advance its fortunes and development in comparison to its previous state.

The association between water, sanitation, hygiene and health are well known. Many diseases are associated with
contaminated water which man consume directly or indirectly through  cooking, washing utensils, bathing, etc. Such circumstances
results in various infections and diarrheal diseases. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between hygiene
practices and microbiological qualities of household drinking water in some parts of Kano, Nigeria. Coliforms were isolated by using
membrane filter method with subsequent cultivation on differential and selective media. A total of 212 water samples were collected
and 167 questionnaires were administered to each participating household. Of these 212, 83.0% of water samples used had coliform
bacteria.  A total of 143 (67.5%) households store their drinking water while only 69 (32.5%) collect and use their water without
storage. Post-collection contamination was found to vary according to certain parameters like container used in collection and storage
of the water, storage duration, number of children and wives and mode of collection.

78 JOHN EDWARD PHILIPS caliph Muhammad Bello of Sokoto). Emir Muhammad Bello followed a systematic policy of trying to deprive his brother's sons of their titles and territories and compelling many of the husbands of his nieces to divorce them. He was seeking to ...

Abstract: This paper assesses commonly used components of the Kano method, the Kano classification system and the self-report classification approach. Large differences in classifications between them are revealed thus establishing the need for a new classification system. Kano's original intent is clarified and a modification to Kano's original categories is suggested. A new method for attribute classification is proposed based on the estimation of satisfaction and usefulness as variables dependent on three levels of specification for the ...

Estimating the size of populations most affected by HIV such as men who have sex with men (MSM) though crucial for structuring responses to the epidemic presents significant challenges, especially in a developing society. Using capture-recapture methodology, the size of MSM-SW in Nigeria was estimated in three major cities (Lagos, Kano and Port Harcourt) between July and December 2009. Following interviews with key informants, locations and times when MSM-SW were available to male clients were mapped and designated as "hotspots". Counts were conducted on two consecutive weekends. Population estimates were computed using a standardized Lincoln formula. Fifty-six hotspots were identified in Kano, 38 in Lagos and 42 in Port Harcourt. On a given weekend night, Port Harcourt had the largest estimated population of MSM sex workers, 723 (95% CI: 594-892) followed by Lagos state with 620 (95%CI: 517-724) and Kano state with 353 (95%CI: 332-373). This study documents a large popula...

The association between water, sanitation, hygiene and health are well known. Many diseases are associated with contaminated water which man consume directly or indirectly through cooking, washing utensils, bathing, etc. Such circumstances results in various infections and diarrheal diseases. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between hygiene practices and microbiological qualities of household drinking water in some parts of Kano, Nigeria. Coliforms were isolated by using membrane filter method with subsequent cultivation on differential and selective media. A total of 212 water samples were collected and 167 questionnaires were administered to each participating household. Of these 212, 83.0% of water samples used had coliform bacteria. A total of 143 (67.5%) households store their drinking water while only 69 (32.5%) collect and use their water without storage. Post-collection contamination was found to vary according to certain parameters like container us...

Irrigation along River Tatsawarki involves the application of stream water and/or groundwater from tube wells believed to be recharged by the stream that flows through industrialized and residential areas. In the use of these sources of water for irrigation, of major concern is the concentration of heavy metals that are neither rapidly removed, nor readily detoxified by metabolic activities. Soil samples are collected from three irrigated farmlands (A, B and C) along the river banks and control samples (D) were also collected at the control farms located away from the river bank. The samples were collected at 0 – 15cm depth, placed in polyethylene bags and taken to laboratory for analysis. Two samples were collected from each zone, one from farmland using surface water as the only source of irrigation water, and another sample from farmland using groundwater as its sole source of irrigation water. The samples were analysed for pH, texture, and heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Co, Cd, Fe, Zn, M...

As tricycles (popularly known as Adaidaita sahu) have emerged to become the dominant form of transport in Kano metropolis, a new form of decoration has emerged with them, one that is quite different from the long history of vehicle decoration in Africa. What are the features of this decoration? How does it take place? Why did it emerge? These are the issues we explore in this work. The paper was written as a field report during the Masterclass on “New Forms of Popular Transport of Goods and Persons in Nigeria” held at the Mambayya House, Gwammaja, Kano from July 2 to 7, 2018. The authors pursued their study as an ethnographic research; they conducted interviews, rode along in tricycles, and went on field visits to different important sites.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that has long been one of the major health problems. It affects individuals of all ages and both sexes. Poverty, malnutrition and over-crowded living conditions have been known for decades to increase the risk of developing the disease. According to the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) hospital statistics data, TB is the leading cause of morbidity, the third cause of hospital admission (after deliveries and malaria) and the second cause of death in Nigeria after malaria. TB is an obstacle to socio economic development. So, this study is aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding pulmonary tuberculosis among rural communities of Gulu, Kano, Nigeria. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gulu from January, 2019 to March, 2019. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was performed to obtain the frequency distribution of the variables. Results: Among 335 participants, the study showed that the overall level of knowledge was low and the overall attitude and practices related to PTB was highly inadequate. Conclusion: Study respondents had basic awareness about pulmonary TB but knowledge on cause and prevention was inadequate. Their attitude and practices towards TB also need to be improved. Health education activities need to be intensified for the rural population to bring about significant change in their level of awareness on TB

The present study aims to find out the expectations of  students towards various entities of management institutes viz. library, infrastructure, academics, administration, etc. To identify and classify these expectations, the Kano Model was used. The responses of the students were analyzed by using the Kano Methodology developed by Dr. Kano and the requirements were classified into the Kano attributes i.e. Must be (M), One dimensional (0) and Attractive requirements (A). This Kano methodology included framing a questionnaire, evaluation of Kano parameters through
the evaluation criteria like using the Kano Model evaluation table, extent of satisfaction, and extent of dissatisfaction. The research is of diagnostic type conducted in 2011·12 and a structured codified close ended schedule was used to collectthe required primary data from students pursuing MBA (two years full time program) from the management institutes affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra and approved by the AICTE, New Delhi. Graduates from different disciplines like Arts, Commerce, Science, and Professional courses participated in the study. Convenient sampling method was used for data collection. Most parameters were found to be categorized under the one dimensional requirements. Also, it is found that
there were uniform preferences forthe one dimensional requirements and attractive requirements of the students from different disciplines.

Irrigation along River Tatsawarki involves the application of stream water and/or groundwater from tube wells believed to be recharged by the stream that flows through industrialized and residential areas. In the use of these sources of water for irrigation, of major concern is the concentration of heavy metals that are neither rapidly removed, nor readily detoxified by metabolic activities. Soil samples are collected from three irrigated farmlands (A, B and C) along the river banks and control samples (D) were also collected at the control farms located away from the river bank. The samples were collected at 0 – 15cm depth, placed in polyethylene bags and taken to laboratory for analysis. Two samples were collected from each zone, one from farmland using surface water as the only source of irrigation water, and another sample from farmland using groundwater as its sole source of irrigation water. The samples were analysed for pH, texture, and heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Co, Cd, Fe, Zn, M...

This paper examines the constraints to physical planning in Kano Metropolis. Kano been one of the most populous cities in Nigeria, is undergoing tremendous urban expansion particularly at the edge of the city. This expansion could be attributed to not only population growth but also redistribution of activities within the metropolitan area. Rapid population growth has increased the tendency of cities in developing countries to outgrow the resources of the economies they are supposed to nourish and support. This confounds the planning problems faced by planners and urban managers thereby degrading the urban fabric. Data for this study was obtained through the administration of questionnaire to planners and urban managers in metropolitan Kano. The study discovers that the myriad of planning problems in the study area emanates from the fact that government and planners are incapable of handling the efficient provision of basic infrastructure and amenities and the situation of poverty n...

A common implicit assumption in engineering design is that user preferences exist a priori. However, research from behavioral psychology and experimental economics suggests that individuals construct preferences on a case-by-case basis when called to make a decision rather than referring to an existing preference structure. Thus, across different contexts, preference elicitation methods used in design decision making can lead to preference inconsistencies. This paper offers a framework for understanding preference inconsistencies, giving three examples of preference inconsistencies that demonstrate the implications of unnoticed inconsistencies, and also discusses the design benefits of testing for inconsistencies. Three common engineering and marketing design methods are discussed: discrete choice analysis, modeling stated versus revealed preferences, and the Kano method. In these examples, we discuss perceived relationships between product attributes, identify market opportunities ...