LPC

Speech compression is one area of digital signal processing that focusing on reducing the bit rate of the speech signal for transmission or storage without significant loss of quality. This paper presents a new design feature for speech Compression using Wavelet Packet Transform and Linear prediction Coding. The proposed algorithm uses best tree decomposition of wavelet packets, which develop features afterward compressed signal is compressed by Linear prediction Coding. The 4 points encoded vector is a full of information just like the original best tree’s structure. The implied scoring system makes BTE suitable for compression problems and we reach at 12 compression ratio. The performance of speech signal is measure on the basis of signal to noise ratio (SNR), mean square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR).

— Now a day, interest in using biometric technologies for person authentication in security systems has grown rapidly.Voice is one of the most promising and mature biometric modalities for secured access control this paper gives an experimental overview of techniques used for feature extraction in speaker recognition. The research in speaker recognition have been evolved starting from short time features reflecting spectral properties of speech low-level or physical traits to the high level features (behavioral traits) such as prosody, phonetic information, conversational patterns etc. first give a brief overview of Speech processing and voice biometric relation and then describe some feature extraction technique. We have performed experiment for feature extraction of MFCC, LPC techniques.

It has recently been found that during recognition memory tests participants’ pupils dilate more when they view old items compared to novel items. This thesis sought to replicate this novel ‘‘Pupil Old/New Effect’’ (PONE) and to determine its relationship to implicit and explicit mnemonic processes, the veracity of participants’ responses, and the analogous Event-Related Potential (ERP) old/new effect. Across 9 experiments, pupil-size was measured with a video-based eye-tracker during a variety of recognition tasks, and, in the case of Experiment 8, with concurrent Electroencephalography (EEG).

The main findings of this thesis are that:
- the PONE occurs in a standard explicit test of recognition memory but not in “implicit” tests of either perceptual fluency or artificial grammar learning;
- the PONE is present even when participants are asked to give false behavioural answers in a malingering task, or are asked not to respond at all;
- the PONE is present when attention is divided both at learning and during recognition;
- the PONE is accompanied by a posterior ERP old/new effect;
- the PONE does not occur when participants are asked to read previously encountered words without making a recognition decision;
- the PONE does not occur if participants preload an “old/new” response;
- the PONE is not enhanced by repetition during learning.

These findings are discussed in the context of current models of recognition memory and other psychophysiological indices of mnemonic processes. It is argued that together these findings suggest that the increase in pupil-size which occurs when participants encounter previously studied items is not under conscious control and may reflect primarily recollective processes associated with recognition memory.

Standard speaker recognition system employs a pre-processed form of an acoustic signal, which provides information about the distribution of signal energy across time and frequency. However, different signal representations may be employed, either as genuine alternatives to the acoustic representation, or as additional sources of information. Voice articulator encourages a viability and a potential of the speech signal representation especially in a Thai speaker recognition system. Applying the biometrical voice articulator additionally with a Backpropagation multilayered perceptron attains a high recognition accuracy. LPC and MFCC with several coefficient orders have been performed comparatively. The highest percentage of recognition accuracy with an efficient computational time is 97 .24% belonging to the Bilabial articulator from the l6'n coefficient order of MFCC. 1. Introduction Speaker recognition in a recognition area of speech processing, is one of be biometric identific...

Cell death is a crucial process during development, homeostasis and immune regulation of multicellular organisms, and its dysregulation is associated with numerous pathologies. Cell death is often induced upon pathogen infection as part of the defense mechanism, and pathogens have evolved strategies to modulate host cell death. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms and physiological relevance of four major types of programmed cell death, namely apoptosis, necrosis, autophagic cell death and pyroptosis.

Speech is the most natural form of human communication and speech processing has been one of the most inspiring expanses of signal processing. Speech recognition is the process of automatically recognizing the spoken words of person based on information in speech signal. Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system takes a human speech utterance as an input and requites a string of words as output. This paper introduce a brief survey on Automatic Speech Recognition and discuss the major subjects and improvements made in the past 60 years of research, that provides technological outlook and a respect of the fundamental achievement that has been accomplished in this important area of speech communication. Definition of various types of speech classes, feature extraction techniques, speech classifiers and performance evaluation are issues that requires attention in designing of speech recognition system. The objective of this review paper is to summarize some of the well known methods use...

This paper focuses on speech recognition techniques such as LPC (linear predictive coding), MFCC (Mel-frequency Cepstral coefficients) with Hidden Markov Models, LPCC (linear predictive Cepstral coding), and RASTA and will compare these techniques to find a most accurate and efficient way to recognize speech. Speech recognition is the process in which program or machine do the identification of words or phrases and convert them to machine-readable format. Additionally, this paper also focuses on NLP (natural language processing) techniques used with the speech recognition process. Once the speech signal is converted to text then NLP is used to understand and generate what has been said. NLU (natural language understanding) and NLG (natural language generation) are two important steps in NLP, through this paper, we will compare and analysis techniques to find out which we can use with speech recognition for effective results. The Objective of this paper is to find out the best technique which is currently used.

In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances with the increase in standard of living; there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the complexity of life. Normally, this type of systems are useful in case of emergency areas where traffic is main concern & little carelessness may cause accident & death may occur. Now a days problem of traffic is much serious specially in the areas of schools as well as the places where crowd is more. A collision avoidance control system for a vehicle is provided which is designed to determine a target collision avoidance deceleration required for a system vehicle equipped with this system to bring a relative speed between the system vehicle and a target object into agreement with substantially zero without a physical collision with the target object and to determine a possibility of collision with the target object as a function of the target collision avoidance deceleration. This system is specially de...

— Speech is the most natural form of human communication and speech processing has been one of the most inspiring expanses of signal processing. Speech recognition is the process of automatically recognizing the spoken words of person based on information in speech signal. Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system takes a human speech utterance as an input and requites a string of words as output. This paper introduce a brief survey on Automatic Speech Recognition and discuss the major subjects and improvements made in the past 60 years of research, that provides technological outlook and a respect of the fundamental achievement that has been accomplished in this important area of speech communication. Definition of various types of speech classes, feature extraction techniques, speech classifiers and performance evaluation are issues that requires attention in designing of speech recognition system. The objective of this review paper is to summarize some of the well known methods u...

This study examined how the two cerebral hemispheres recruit semantic processing mechanisms by combining event-related potential measures and visual half-field methods in a word priming paradigm in which semantic strength and predictability were manipulated using lexically associated word pairs. Activation patterns on the Late Positive Complex (LPC), linked to controlled aspects of processing, showed that previously documented left hemisphere (LH) processing benefits for word pairs with a weak forward ...

A deep knowledge of road surface conditions is essential for  safe driving. Moreover, the road surface conditions are subject to change over time due to wear and tear, weather phenomena, accidental events, ground level structural failures and many other factors, not least the rebuilding activities by the management authority.
The vision of a detailed and updated framework of the conditions of the road network is therefore an essential requirement in order to plan an optimal maintenance and cope with emergencies. Eventually, the knowledge of the road conditions allows car drivers and motorcyclists to drive more safely.
The latest generation of mobile devices (smartphones) are equipped with several sensors such as triaxial accelerometers, compasses, and GPS receivers, that make it possible to extract the characteristics of the road surface after appropriate digital signal processing. In fact, the sensitivity and the sampling frequency of the embedded accelerometers (about 100 Hz, recently elevated – in some models – up to 300 Hz) are adequate to detect and measure all vibrations, perceived by car drivers, which are induced by the road surface condition.
In the SmartRoadSense research project, a mobile device is used as a navigation system and is rigid anchored in the front passenger area. In this way, its accelerometer is used to monitor the road surface roughness, causing vibrations not attributable to the operation of the engine itself.
The analysis of these sampled signals allows to carry out an accurate classification of the type of pavement, recognizing asphalt injuries or failures. The dependence of these assessments on vehicle speed are properly compensated thanks to the information provided by the satellite navigation system. Furthermore, the computing and communication resources of mobile devices allow the real-time processing and transmission of data and other geo-referenced information to a central server. The server aggregates data provided by different mobile devices, which operate in the area, and makes it available on road maps – for ease of viewing – for the benefit of the managing authorities and motorists.
Data reliability is guaranteed by the accuracy of the instruments and by the comparison of the measurements provided by the multiple users that have traveled the same road path. The cooperation with public transport companies and the installation of this technology on public transports, including busses, makes monitoring even more reliable and systematic.
The SmartRoadSense project proposes the creation of a road collaborative system for automatic detection of road conditions based on the combined use of triaxial accelerometers and GPS receivers that are embedded in modern mobile devices.
Notably, the project – in its entirety – can be summarized in three big main blocks:
1. The development of mathematical models based on predictive algorithms. These models – by numerical signal processing of the data provided by the accelerometer and the speed provided by the GPS sensor – allow the automatic classification of road conditions, without any user intervention.
2. The development of an application (currently freely distributed online for Android OS) that sends the road roughness georeferenced data to a central server.
3. The development of a server-side application that receives data sent from various mobile devices and aggregates them by performing a weighted average over time and space. This application generates an open database, posing particular attention to the users’ privacy (with a zero-knowledge approach), which allows end-users to extract and reuse the aggregated data.
The research project was conducted at the Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA) of the University of Urbino involving many academic researchers with several skills: computer science, mathematics, electronics and geophysics.
This thesis presents the road surface analysis performed in the SmartRoadSense project, the theoretical models, and the analysis on data obtained within the project in its various phases.

This paper examines the problem of achieving desuperheating through liquid injection in two-staged refrigeration systems based on screw compressors. The oil cooling process by refrigerant injection is also included. The basic thermodynamic principles of desuperheating and compressor cooling as well as short comparison with traditional method with a thermosyphon system have also been presented. Finally, the collected data referring to a big refrigeration plant are analyzed in the paper. Specific ammonia system concept applied in this refrigeration plant has demonstrated its advantages and disadvantages.► An experiment was setup during a frozen food factory refrigeration system reconstruction and adaptation. ► Desuperheating and low-stage compressors oil cooling process were investigated. ► Efficiency of compression process and high-stage compressors functioning were examined. ► Evaporation temperature reduction has great influence on the need for injected liquid refrigerant. ► Severa...

Demyelination is associated with a number of neurological disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury and nerve compression. MS lesions often show axon loss and therefore reparative therapeutic goals include remyelination and neuroprotection of vulnerable axons. Experimental cellular transplantation has proven successful in a number of demyelination and injury models to remyelinate and improve functional outcome. Here we discuss the remyelination and neuroprotective potential of several myelin-forming cells types and their behavior in different demyelination and injury models. Better understanding of these models and current cell-based strategies for remyelination and neuroprotection offer exciting opportunities to develop strategies for clinical studies.

Some of the biological effects of lipoproteins have been attributed to their association with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC). These lysophospholipids mediate multiple biological responses via several G ...

This paper deals with the different spectral features of Sylheti language, which is the major link language of southern part of North-East India and Northern region of Bangladesh. The parameters condidered in the present study are the cepstral coefficients, Mel-Cepstral coefficients and LPC. It is found that the cepstral measure is an efficient way for sex identification and verification for sylheti native speakers. Further, the vowel sound and their spectral feature dominate the features of the sylheti language.

La profonda conoscenza delle condizioni del manto stradale è condizione essenziale per la sicurezza nella guida. Inoltre, le condizioni dello stato del manto stradale sono soggette a variazioni nel tempo dovute a usura, fenomeni atmosferici, eventi accidentali, cedimenti del terreno sottostante e numerosi altri fattori, non per ultimo il rifacimento del manto stradale stesso ad opera degli enti gestori. La visione di un quadro dettagliato e aggiornato delle condizioni della rete viaria è pertanto un requisito essenziale per poter pianificare in maniera ottimale gli interventi di manutenzione e fronteggiare le eventuali emergenze. Conoscere le condizioni delle strade che si stanno percorrendo consente, infine, agli automobilisti e ai motociclisti di guidare in maggior sicurezza. I dispositivi mobili di ultima generazione (smartphone) sono dotati di ricevitori GPS i quali consentono di implementare le funzioni di navigatori satellitari. Inoltre hanno al proprio interno accelerometri t...

Con la emisión de la Resolucion SBS 2751-2020, la Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP ha perdido la valiosa oportunidad de reglamentar el recupero de las acreencias del Sistema Privado de Fondos de Pensiones, habiéndose omitido establecer factores claves como la real magnitud de la deudas, mecanismos eficientes de sinceramiento de adeudos y la restricción de emisión de títulos ejecutivos sobre base presunta.

Phonemes are the smallest distinguishable unit of speech signal. Formant frequency of a phoneme, the most fundamental concept in speech processing, differentiate one phoneme from another. Range of formant frequency of a particular phoneme can be used as a priori knowledge in various speech processing application. This paper describes a work done for estimating the formant frequencies of all consonant phonemes of Assamese language, which is a phonetically distinct language of North East India. The work uses the concept of pole or formant location determination from the linear prediction model of vocal tract. A discrete wavelet filter is used to segment phoneme from some typical Assamese word. The formant range thus estimated was later used in classification of Assamese phoneme family with the help of a Recurrent Neural Network.

The apoptotic process occurs asynchronically in most cell populations and its duration is variable. Therefore, the ability to continuously monitor the death process occurring in individual blood cells before, during and following apoptosis induction is crucial in the evaluation of the efficiency of pro- or anti-apoptotic drugs. We applied a kinetic approach by performing real time measurements of individual living