Legacy

Most of the public-sector systems in United State of America are using legacy database systems. The study has been undertaken to investigate the impact of legacy database system in Public Sector. This paper presents research on legacy database system transformation challenges and strategies to overcome them.

This study sought to unravel the perceptions of Chinotimba residents surrounding the tangible and intangible legacy of the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. This mega-event, although hosted by South Africa, was framed as a continental event that would unleash considerable spin-offs, particularly for the neighbouring countries in the Southern African Development Community region. In line with this dominant representation of the event, hereinafter, rhetoric, the Zimbabwean government announced a raft of measures that were aimed at leveraging maximum benefits from the mega-event for the nation at large. Using interpretive methods, this study engaged thirty willing residents of Chinotimba high density suburb in semi-structured interviews to better understand the legacy of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. In addition, the perceptions of Chinotimba residents were compared with the rhetoric that was produced by the country’s ruling elite and representatives of private tourism businesses. Field evidence ...

One of the key, driving themes of Hamilton: An American Musical is the desire for a strong legacy. Given the fact that the Hamilton musical is centred around an American founding-father – a man whose legacy is still felt in the political landscape of contemporary America and in history lessons across the country – the concept of legacy born from ambition is given particular weight. The purpose of this paper is to explore how different characters approach legacy, and how their approaches appear to be structured and informed by their gender. Through a text-oriented approach that focuses on musical and lyrical evidence, the author of this paper concludes that ambition and legacy are gendered within Hamilton, with the female legacies being portrayed as ultimately less toxic and more philanthropic than their male counterparts, although they are informed by the historical limitations on women at the time.

Environmental activist and ardent advocate for children’s rights and well-being, Jamaican laureate of the 2008 Jamaican National Literature awards, Diana McCaulay, published her critically acclaimed debut novel Dog-Heart in 2010. This paper will first focus on the legacy of colonial racism in Jamaica, before addressing the main characters’ quest for identity in a crime-ridden society.

This paper discusses six tombs from Sveta Lucija (Slovenia) that were bought in 1923 from Prof. Rudolf Much
(Vienna) by Prof. Albert Egges van Giffen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) for the collection of what is now the Groningen Institute
of Archaeology. These tombs, excavated in 1890, form part of one of the largest Hallstatt cemeteries known archaeologically,
consisting of thousands of tombs. Walking 40 km north from Sveta Lucija, one can reach the Triglav, at 2864 m the highest
mountain of the Julian Alps. The site itself is located in a valley, in a strategic location at the confluence of two rivers emerging
in these Alps. During the Iron Age, Sveta Lucija functioned as a transitional site between Italy, the Balkans and Austria. This
frontier character is reflected in its entire history, starting in the 8th century BC, when it emerged as a settlement centre. The
article provides a biography of old study collections since c. 1850 and discusses the role of some influential archaeologists in
the history of the excavations at Sveta Lucija since the 1880s. The article then contextualizes the artefacts held at Groningen,
concentrating on the 7th to early 5th century BC. The numerous excavations in the burial grounds and settlement for more
than a century, make Sveta Lucija one of the more thoroughly investigated European Iron Age settlement centres with a couple
of hundred inhabitants. Finally, the article introduces the still-enigmatic development of the site from an Iron Age centre
to a Roman village, addressing the decline of its archaeological visibility during the intervening centuries and its correlation
with Celtic groups.

In June 2018 FIFA awarded the 2026 Men's Football World Cup tournament to a transnational bid comprising the United States, Canada and Mexico. We explore this moment of historical conjuncture to understand the interplay of football, SME processes, geopolitical symbolism, and legacy craft. Drawing on a critical document analysis of bid material, media reports, economic analysis, and secondary evaluation, we analyse how the United As One bid's core legacy tenets of certainty, opportunity and unity produced a complex narrative of economic, sporting, and political harmony and prosperity. We contend that while the bid employs common legacy tropes and axioms, United As One exposes the sustained fallacies implicit within bid constructions and paucity of legacy as a currency in the future of SME enterprise. Stakeholder alliances are fundamental to sport mega-event bidding. Yet, collaborations are politically complex as each party balances benefits and risks. Accordingly, this paper forewarns all bid actors to be cogniscent of the roles they may play within the symbolism and rhetoric of bid construction. Beyond the context of football, this paper adds new insights to ways sport megaevent bid visions fuse economic, socio-cultural, and public health advancement rhetoric to consolidate and masque persuasive host and legacy agendas.

The slogan ‘Angrezi Hatao’ resounded in many parts of North India after independence. In Uttar Pradesh this movement caught the imagination of many political leaders and the masses especially because Dr Ram Manohar Lohia, the main ideologue behind it was a son of the soil. English was perceived as a colonial legacy and a sign of cultural subjugation.  When the followers of Lohia came to power, they tried to abolish English medium schools in the state and restrict learning of English to the minimum in the school curriculum. Though the attempt did not succeed, the general view was that English was a hurdle for the rural masses in the public exams and the English medium schools were catering to elite groups and thus creating two classes of citizens. Having two languages as media of instruction was considered a Dual System of Education basically against the right to equality enshrined in the constitution. The controversy continued to rage till the end of the last century. But as globalization and modernization began to spread their wings, the public in general began to clamor for English education which is perceived as the key to salvation (TOI, 2012). The intellectuals, Dalits and minorities felt that English education alone can empower and emancipate people. Slowly the realization dawned upon the political class and since 1997 the state government adopted a positive approach towards the issue. Thus many ideological revolutions were responsible for the policy shift of the state government from ‘angrezi hatao’ to ‘angrezi sikhao’(Sheorey, 2006)

The purpose of this thesis work is to investigate the cultural legacy of the al-Andalus period and its reception in contemporary Spain. To fulfill the research objective set, it was necessary to answer the following questions: How important is this period in the history of Spain? How much of its influence can be noticed today? How much historical and cultural knowledge do the Spanish have on this subject? The answers to these questions result from the analysis of an extensive source database and the realization of a series of semi-structured interviews with Spaniards, which were necessary to understand and develop the subject. The work is divided into three sections: the first describes the history of al-Andalus and some additional aspects of interest, such as the etymology and the idea of the myth of al-Andalus. In the next section, the topic of the Muslim legacy remained on the Iberian Peninsula is developed. It describes cities important during the Muslim rule, their architecture and well-known monuments, as well as visible influence in the following areas: language, music, literature and cuisine. The last part focuses more on practical aspects: it is based on interviews with Spaniards and it analyzes their attitude towards all the issues raised in the theoretical parts. The greatest number of conclusions can be derived from the research described in empirical chapter. According to the collected information, the Arab legacy in Spain is extensive and rooted in Spanish culture for so long that without its presence, Spain, as we know today, would not be the same. It may seem that more than 800 years (8th – 15th) of developing the Arab culture in Spain has still been very much alive, because this cultural legacy continues to be extremely impactful in areas such as: tourism, economy and social coexistence of different groups (convivencia).

تزداد أهمية فهم موروثنا الشعبي كخطوة أولى تمهد لفهم الذات من أجل الحفاظ على هويتنا الحضارية في عصر الثقافة المعولمة والميديا. وإذ يشكل المثل الشعبي واحد من أهم عناصر هذا الموروث، كونه يعبر عن حال الناس وأخلاقهم الأولية، ويلعب دورًا مهمًا في الحفاظ على النسق القيمي في المجتمع القروي الزراعي. فهل تكفي العبرة في مضمونه الأخلاقي والاجتماعي للمحافظة عليه، أم أنه فقد معناه كون مادته اختلفت باختلاف البيئة. وإذ تبدو مشكلة دراسة التراث الشعبي عامة والمثل الشعبي خاصة، وتأصيل الوعي به ناصية تشد إهتمام الباحثين، إلا أنها تستثير فيهم تصورات ومنهجيات مختلفة، تتباين في مدى قدرتها على تحليل سياقاته، لكشف ابعاده الرمزية والتاريخية والاجتماعية، وصولاً إلى رصد اشكال استمراريته وانقطاعه، واستيضاح دوره في صياغة الراهن. لذلك تبرز الحاجة إلى تأسيس معرفة علمية، تمكن الباحث من امتلاك مناهج بحثه، فتخلق بذلك علاقة إبداعية مع التراث، قائمة على فعل تحرره وتحريره من الأساليب الجامدة، تعطيه استقلالاً ذاتياً يفتح الباب أمامه لإمكانية دراسة التراث واستلهام دلالاته. Increasing the importance of understanding the popular heritage. As a first step paves the way for self-understanding in order to preserve cultural identity in the era of globalized media and culture. Bearing is a popular proverb one of the most important elements of this heritage, being expressed if people are primary and morals, and plays an important role in maintaining the moral pattern in the rural agricultural community. Is it enough lesson in moral and social content to maintain it, or whether it has meant that the article differed depending on the environment. Taking look the problem of the study of public and private ideals popular folklore, and rooting awareness by the corner of grabbing the attention of researchers. but they evoke in them perceptions of different methodologies, they vary in their ability to contexts, to reveal its dimensions Avatar, historical and social analysis, to the monitoring forms of continuity and disconnection, and to clarify its role in the formulation of the current. Therefore, there is a need to establish scientific knowledge, the researcher was able to own his research methods, they are created so creative relationship with heritage, based on the act of emancipation and liberation from rigid methods, give autonomy to open the door in front of him for the possibility of studying the heritage and inspired by its connotations.

الكلمات المفتاحية
Heritage, Patrimoine, Legacy, Popular Memory, Proverb. ; موروث، تراث شعبي، مأثور شعبي، ذاكرة شعبية، مثل.

La masonería española se implantó en Marruecos desde finales del siglo XIX. Desde entonces y hasta su desaparición en 1936 con motivo de la guerra civil española, legó a la historia de las relaciones hispano-magrebíes un corpus documental considerable en el que la convivencia de las tres culturas, uno de los elementos que conforman el mito andalusí, se reconstruiría bajo un tinte propio. En busca de un nuevo al-Ándalus es una muestra de este consorcio masónico hispano-marroquí que refleja, de la mano de sus mismos autores, ya fuesen estos musulmanes, judíos o cristianos, ya fuesen sefardíes, andalusíes, bereberes, árabes o españoles, una necesidad de aceptación y tolerancia religiosa, cultural y política en un contexto colonial que diferenciaba entre protectores y protegidos, entre civilizados y bárbaros, entre cristianos, moros, israelitas, hebreos e indígenas.

The military ossuaries (sacrari militari) that were built to house the remains of fallen soldiers of the First World War offer a striking example of how Italy has dealt with the legacy of Fascism. Located along former frontlines in north-eastern Italy, the ossuaries occupy an ambiguous position in Italian heritage as both national monuments and the remnants of a difficult past. Whereas originally they functioned as instruments of Fascist propaganda, they have been reinvented as monuments of Republican Italy. Thus, while challenging the notion of Fascist remains as ‘difficult heritage’, this article suggests that the ossuaries might be seen as palimpsests that have been overlaid with different and ever-changing memories. To this end, the article traces the afterlives of ossuaries from 1945 to the present in search of evidence of evolving attitudes towards the Fascist period. It also examines a recent resurgence of public interest in the ossuaries in conjunction with the centenary of the First World War.
Gli ossari (o sacrari) militari che furono costruiti per ospitare i resti di soldati caduti nella Prima Guerra Mondiale offrono un esempio rilevante di come l’Italia abbia affrontato l’eredità del regime fascista. Situati lungo il vecchio fronte nel nord-est del paese, gli ossari occupano una posizione ambigua nel patrimonio italiano in quanto sono al contempo monumenti nazionali e ricordi di un passato difficile. Sebbene fossero originariamente utilizzati come strumenti nella propaganda fascista, sono stati reinventati nel dopoguerra come monumenti dell’Italia repubblicana. Perciò, mettendo in dubbio la percezione dei resti dell’era fascista come un ‘patrimonio difficile’, quest’articolo suggerisce che gli ossari possano essere visti invece come palinsesti che sono stati soprapposti da ricordi diversi e mutevoli. A questo fine, l’articolo traccia la storia degli ossari dal 1945 al presente nel tentativo di fare luce sull’evoluzione di atteggiamenti verso il passato fascista. Inoltre, l’articolo esamina una recente ripresa nell’interesse del pubblico verso gli ossari in concomitanza con il centenario della prima guerra mondiale.

In 1878, as the successful and ha rassed author of Little Women and other"'moral tales' for the young," Louisa May Alcott wrote that she had" discovered the secret of winning the ear & touchingthe heart of the public by simply tellingthe comic & pathetic incidents of life"{Letters 232). As Janet Zehr has shown, however, even a" con summate" professional like Alcott" had to tread a thin line to satisfy" the uneasy trio of" delight, naturalness, and instruc tion" that readers and critics alike demanded of her work (335). 1 By the time of Little Women( ...

The aim of this paper is to explore and get a deeper understanding in regards to the democratic phenomena in China during 1989 that reached it highest point at Tiananmen Square Protest on June 4th.
The late 1980s witnessed the process of economic and political transformations in the Chinese country with some unfixed outcomes for the Communist Party. As the standing literature has unfolded, students, the intellectual elite as well as civilians, were disappointed and irritated by corruption and lack of democracy in the country. These combination of a growing pro-Western elite of intellectuals and the anger about the current economic situation in the country provoked the aftermath of the Tiananmen uprising of 1989 in which, mostly students, claimed for the opening of the country, seeking for a democratization project and a more participative society to arise. The outcome of this insurrection ended up with hundreds of civilian’s lives and with a deep wound the society has not decided to forget yet.
To understand this succession of events, this paper will focus primarily on the factors that help us understand in first place the Democratic Movement and in second place, the Governments reaction. In this way : (1) Chinese political system & Confucianism and (2) international context: the fall of the Soviet Union are to be analysed for us to get a better perspective of the situation.
After this analysis is done, the main challenges and consequences will be illustrated in order to
conclude with a summary in the last two chapters.

Has Punjab welcomed every invader?

There is a popular belief that the Punjab has never resisted foreign invaders and internal usurpers. Such stigmatising of the Punjab is unjust and evidence of either bias or ignorance of history. The fact of the matter is that the Punjab resisted the invaders and the usurpers regardless of the outcome.

This chapter addresses an aspect of ‘soft legacy’ never explored before: the social or human ‘legacy of fraternity’ and its loss over time. Using primary source material exploited for the first time, it describes the evolution of European youth football through the historical case study of the International Youth Tournament. Started in 1948, this competition was inseparable from the post-war context within which it began. Organised by individuals closely involved with the leadership of national and international football and with patronage initially from FIFA and later UEFA, it was seen to be a means to create links for a new generation of European youth through encouraged socialisation at a sporting and cultural gathering. Even before the European Union would lay out plans for Erasmus programmes and mobility among youth in an educational context, the organisers used sporting competitions to further social and cultural exchange. With the development of the International Youth Tournament, the importance of competition would take more and more precedence over the years. Finally, with a gradual change of leadership in UEFA and its Amateur and Youth committee, the original intended legacy of education, culture and social exchange through football gave way to increased competition and professionalization.

mots clés - Tournoi juniors, football, histoire, fraternité, politique, guerre froide, jeunesse

Festivals have always been part of city life, but their relationship with their host cities has continually changed. With the rise of industrialization, they were largely considered peripheral to the course of urban affairs. Now they have become central to new ways of thinking about the challenges of economic and social change, as well as repositioning cities within competitive global networks. In this timely and thought-provoking book, John and Margaret Gold provide a reflective and evidence-based historical survey of the processes and actors involved, charting the ways that regular festivals have now become embedded in urban life and city planning. Beginning with David Garrick’s rain-drenched Shakespearean Jubilee and ending with Sydney’s flamboyant Mardi Gras celebrations, it encompasses the emergence and consolidation of city festivals. After a contextual historical survey that stretches from Antiquity to the late nineteenth century, there are detailed case studies of pioneering European arts festivals in their urban context: Venice’s Biennale, the Salzburg Festival, the Cannes Film Festival and Edinburgh’s International Festival. Ensuing chapters deal with the worldwide proliferation of arts festivals after 1950 and with the ever-increasing diversification of carnival celebrations, particularly through the actions of groups seeking to assert their identity. The conclusion draws together the book’s key themes and sketches the future prospects for festival cities.

Through a reflection on Umberto Eco’s medieval manuscript mystery The Name of the Rose, I articulate the value of my historical and literary approach to editing the manuscripts of the American author Hannah Mather Crocker (1752-1829). I use Eco’s concept of intertextuality to explain how careful attention to the appendix and marginalia of Crocker’s Reminiscences and Traditions of Boston (c. 1829) enabled me to uncover its underlying narrative structure as a work of history. I draw out the implications of this method of documentary editing for feminist and democratic theory, particularly for understanding Crocker’s own significant contributions to both of these schools of American political thought.

This paper discusses six tombs from Sveta Lucija (Slovenia) that were bought in 1923 from Prof. Rudolf Much (Vienna) by Prof. Albert Egges van Giffen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) for the collection of what is now the Groningen Institute of Archaeology. These tombs, excavated in 1890, form part of one of the largest Hallstatt cemeteries known archaeologically, consisting of thousands of tombs. Walking 40 km north from Sveta Lucija, one can reach the Triglav, at 2864 m the highest mountain of the Julian Alps. The site itself is located in a valley, in a strategic location at the confluence of two rivers emerging in these Alps. During the Iron Age, Sveta Lucija functioned as a transitional site between Italy, the Balkans and Austria. This frontier character is reflected in its entire history, starting in the 8th century BC, when it emerged as a settlement centre. The article provides a biography of old study collections since c. 1850 and discusses the role of some influential archaeol...