Liquid Crystal Display

Computer-generated holograms written on a liquid-crystal display can be used to generate dynamic light fields of arbitrary shape. This method was used to simultaneously trap polystyrene particles laterally and to displace them independently of one another.

In today's world, safety is critical, and good safety systems must be put in place. The principal objective of this study is to design a harmful gas sensing and warning system based on embedded systems. LPG is used for cooking and in industries. Since LPG is stored in a bottle, it is easily damaged. In any case, when the gas cylinder, controller, and tube are not in great state, breaks occur, resulting in a issue. Accidents can cause problems such as suffocation and can start of fire. Installing gas leakage detectors in vulnerable areas is the most important measure to avoid accidents caused by gas spill. The primary purpose of this study is to propose a framework for detecting and eliminating gas spills in vulnerable areas. The gas spill sensor is one such way of detecting and alerting people to gas spills in their initial stages. The gas leak detection system includes a GSM module that sends SMS messages when a gas leak is noticed.

Purpose The aim of the work is to determine the optimum ambient lighting conditions for viewing softcopy radiological images on LCD. Materials and Methods The study measured the diagnostic performance of observers viewing images on liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor under different ambient lighting conditions: 480, 100, 40, 25 and 7lux. An ROC analysis was performed as a measure of

The proper electro-optical performance of devices utilizing Liquid Crystal materials require high optical/dielectric anisotropy, low threshold voltage, fast switching, and high thermal stability. Among these devises are liquid crystal displays, guided-wave switches for wavelength division ...

A holographic technique for fabricating an electrically switchable liquid crystal/polymer composite Fresnel lens is reported. A Michelson interferometer is used to produce the required Fresnel pattern, by placing a convex lens into one path of the interferometer. Simplicity of the method and the possibility of fabricating different focal length lenses in a single arrangement are advantages of the method. The performance of the fabricated lens was demonstrated and its electro-optical properties were investigated for its primary focal length.

This Project evaluated a human visual system model (JNDmetrix) based on just noticeable difference (JND) and frequency-channel vision-modeling principles to assess whether a Cathode ray tube (CRT) or a liquid crystal display (LCD) monochrome display monitor would yield better observer performance in radiographic interpretation. Key physical characteristics, such as veiling glare and modulation transfer function (MTF) of the CRT and LCD were measured. Regions of interest from mammographic images with masses of different contrast levels were shown once on each display to six radiologists using a counterbalanced presentation order. The images were analyzed using the JNDmetrix model. Performance as measured by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was significantly better overall on the LCD display (P = 0.0120). The JNDmetrix model predicted the result (P = 0.0046) and correlation between human and computer observers was high (r 2 (quadratic) = 0.997). The results suggest that observer performance with LCD displays is superior to CRT viewing, at least for on-axis viewing.

In the field of flat panel displays, packaging technology has a significant influence on display performance. The electrical interconnect between the LCD and the LCD driver circuit is an area that needs improvement to achieve finer pitch, easier assembly and greater connection reliability. For LCD driver packaging, the ideal assembly process would possess the following characteristics: low processing cost; reliability

To obtain high transmittance and reflectance simultaneously, a single cell gap transflective liquid crystal (LC) display using internal wire grid polarizer (WGP) is proposed. For the reflective mode, the imbedded WGP serves as a polarization-dependent reflector for the ambient light. For the transmissive mode, no achromatic quarter-wave film is needed. This device can be used as a normally black mode

During a preliminary field campaign of volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements carried out in an urban area, two complementary analysis techniques were applied to establish the technical and scientific bases for a strategy to monitor and control VOCs and photochemical oxidants in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country. Integrated sampling was conducted using Tenax sorbent tubes and laboratory analysis by gas chromatography, and grab sampling and in situ analysis also were conducted using a portable gas chromatograph. With the first technique, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons appeared as the compounds with the higher mean concentrations. The second technique allowed the systematic analysis of eight chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Results of comparing both techniques, as well as the additional information obtained with the second technique, are included.

There are a wide range of variables which can influence the quality of the multifocal response. It is possible to place these variables into one of four categories. First, the method of stimulus delivery will determine the field of view, interference levels and the duration of on-state stimulation. Second, data acquisition variables such as electrode type and placement, amplifier specifications and filter bandwidth settings will have a direct impact on waveform shape and on the topographic distribution of signal amplitudes. Third, patient variables such as fixation, pupil dilation and refractive error will also contribute to the multifocal response. Fourth, there are many measurements that can be taken from multifocal recordings. In addition to standard amplitude and implicit time measures (the implicit time measure in the multifocal response is becoming increasingly important particularly in early stages of disease processes), the scalar product measure provides information on waveform shape. The conventional impulse and higher order responses will be different for different modes of stimulation such as Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) systems and latency shifts will be introduced if not corrected in software. Procedures which could lead to misleading interpretation include artefact rejection, averaging with neighbours and summing of responses. These procedures should be handled with caution.

Indium and tin were used as the diffusion barrier between indium-tin oxide (ITO) and polycrystalline-silicon layers to reduce the contact resistance. The ITO/Si contacts may be adopted in thin-film transistor liquid-crystal displays (TFT-LCD) to reduce the number of fabrication steps. With In and Sn layers, contact-resistance values of 5 × 10−3−4×10−3 Ωcm2 were obtained. These values were higher than those of the conventional ITO/Mo/Al/Si contacts (3×10−5−4 × 10−4 Ωcm2) but lower than the values obtained from ITO/Si contacts (about 1×10−2 Ωcm2). The Sn was stable after annealing, but In diffused into Si and lost its function as the diffusion barrier.