Migrants rights

O tráfico de migrantes evidencia a vulnerabilidade das vítimas de deslocamentos forçados em face tanto daqueles que se utilizam da vida humana para o lucro, bem como do Estado, que exerce paradoxal papel ao reconhecer e efetivar direitos humanos ao tempo em que os viola. Nesta perspectiva, objetiva-se analisar a nova Lei de Migração brasileira para verificar se está em consonância com tratados de direitos humanos ou se mantém a securitização do tema relacionada à segurança nacional. Assim, realizou-se pesquisa teórico-jurídica – tipo metodológico jurídico-exploratório e comparativo –, análise de conteúdo  e textos acadêmicos, normas internacionais e nacionais.

Esta ponencia tiene dos objetivos. En primer lugar presenta resultados de un estudio cualitativo sobre la acción colectiva de migrantes en el AMBA, prestando especial atención a i) el papel de las mujeres en la configuración y desarrollo del campo organizativo migrante; ii) la incidencia y el alcance de sus luchas en la ampliación de derechos de la población migrante y de la sociedad en general.
El segundo objetivo de esta ponencia es compartir unas notas conceptuales con la intención de cuestionar la naturalizada vinculación entre nacionalidad y ciudadanía. En sintonía con los posicionamientos de Etienne Balibar y Saskia Sassen, no entendemos la ciudadanía como un estatus, sino como una práctica colectiva en permanente reconfiguración; un campo de conflicto susceptible de ser ocupado. Proponemos entonces pensar el accionar colectivo de las mujeres migrantes como prácticas de ciudadanía.

Theologica 6:2 (2016), 47-65.

This article looks at the theme of hospitality with a focus on the work of two twentieth-century French philosophers, Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida. It begins with a presentation of some of Levinas' Jewish writings relevant to the theme. These writings display Levinas' understanding of the nature of freedom in regard to the other, who holds me hostage. Yet, the article argues, this leaves Levinas still to some extent bound by the I, even the I as hostage. The dilemma is further investigated with reference to Jacques Derrida, starting with his own reflections on Levinas. The article then outlines Derrida's own ideas on hospitality, asking how to reconcile the impossible demands of pure hospitality with the conditional forms it takes in our societies. The conclusion asks what the two writers have to say to European societies in their current encounters with refugees and migrants.

Employment relations systems generally fail to enforce all legal rights of migrant workers. This article illustrates a broader approach to the way labour migration is regulated in practice, using the example of migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong. Political economists have shown that the reality of low-wage migration is either 'more rights, less access' or 'fewer rights, greater access' in terms of rights enforcement systems. Attention to the effectiveness of such mechanisms and processes reveals another feature of regulation: the divergence of theory from practice. Much scholarly attention has been paid to rights, and this analysis, in which enforcement of those rights is sought, contributes to the literature with a frequently-occurring example of how such regulatory practices effectively restrict migrant rights. The article concludes by arguing that regulation uses employers as a further 'mechanism of control' to determine the actual quantity and quality of migrant workers' employment rights regardless of what is stipulated in the law.

SUMMARY: 1. Preliminary Remarks. – 2. Migration Issues before the Inter-American Commis- sion on Human Rights and Other OAS Bodies. – 3. The IACtHR Case-law on Migration: General Aspects. – 3.1. A Focus on More Vulnerable Migrants: Irregular Migrant Workers and Children. – 3.2. Migration and Nationality. – 3.3. The non-refoulement Principle. – 3.4. Asylum and Refugees. – 3.5. Mass Deportations. – 3.6. The Contributions of the IACtHR to the Delineation of the Duty of States to Protect Migrants from non-State Abuses. – 3.7. A Tension between Sovereignty and Limits on State Action in Relation to Migration Aspects? – 4. Final Remarks: Distilling the Essence of the IACtHR Case-law on Migrants.

I fatti del nostro tempo ci hanno assuefatto all’emergenza e i campi di detenzione ne sono la prova. Predisposti in un contesto di necessità e di urgenza, presentati come dispositivi temporanei, nell’assenza di politiche virtuose di controllo degli stranieri, hanno finito col trasformarsi in luoghi/non-luoghi di margine e dis-integrazione morale, deformazioni permanenti dell’equilibrio politico, giuridico e sociale di un ordinamento.
Il volume raccoglie contributi di diversi profili disciplinari, dalla storia del diritto e dell’Africa alla filosofia, all’antropologia, nello scopo condiviso di tracciare una storia del campo, individuarne peculiarità e limiti, e immaginarne un futuro, mantenendo il focus sull’Europa, sull’Italia, sul Mediterraneo e l’area maghrebina, e sulla Libia, in particolare.

Armagnague et Rigoni (coord.), Éducation inclusive
des enfants et jeunes primo-migrants : Élèves et professionnels du champ éducatif face aux enjeux de l’inclusion, INSHEA, UNSA-éducation, IRES.

Le projet EDUCINCLU (Accueillir, scolariser et accompagner les élèves primo-arrivants. Les professionnels du champ éducatif face aux enjeux de l’inclusion), financé par l’IRES, entend mettre en regard la structuration des expériences éducatives d’enfants et jeunes migrants et itinérants et les rapports qui se nouent entre différents acteurs de l’éducation en interaction (enseignants, intervenants sociaux et éducatifs).

The Bureau des Dépositions (Bureau of Depositions) is an ensemble of ten co-authors with varying legal and administrative statuses, the majority of whom were born and lived in Guinea, West Africa, prior to making their journey to France in 2016 or 2017 in order to demand asylum. The Bureau, declared an immaterial work, also comprises a series of performances and ongoing research-creation processes that are signed in co-authorship. This includes the performance Exercises de justice spéculative (Exercises in Speculative Justice), through which the Bureau's codependence is asserted in the face of deportation orders from France that threaten both the lives of the undocumented members and the work that is the Bureau des Dépositions. Through the strategic use of French laws that protect the integrity of art works, author's rights (droits d'auteur) are mobilised in order to petition for the co-authors' right to remain in France, with the gamble here being that this could potentially be more effective than appealing to rights of asylum or the sanctity of human (non-citizen) life. As such, the Bureau seeks to create (legal) precedence and participate in the processual transformation of law and life. The performance is not simply about migratory violence, but is a speculative work whose «transformative properties» are used in order to protect the lives of the artists-a work that both points to the limitations of existing (Western) justice and exceeds it, suggesting an alternative conception of justice embodied by the Bureau. Having witnessed the Exercises in October 2020 in Marseille, we provide a narrative of the work, its genesis and precedents, and a series of reflections upon themes raised, including: the representation of minority speech within and beyond contemporary art, economies of testimony, intellectual property rights and collective creative practices, histories of sans papiers activism in France, the production of criminal lives, a politics of the living and the performance of justice. In our reading, the work enacts a decolonial aesthetics that intervenes through an alternative framework of representation and justice. An English translation of a partial score of the Exercises de justice spéculative performance is also included.

The multi-directional nature of labour migration flows has resulted in an increasing number of countries having become both senders and receivers of regular and irregular migrants. However, some countries continue to see themselves primarily as senders and so ignore their role as a receiving country, which can have negative implications for the rights of migrants in their territory. Using the example of Indonesia, which is State Party to the 1990 UN Convention on the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Their Families, this article demonstrates that irreg- ular migrant workers in this country have the legal right to protection against labour exploitation even when they work despite the govern- ment’s prohibition on employment. The article discusses the ‘right to work’ and how international human rights law has translated it into the ‘right to protection from labour exploitation’ for irregular migrants in Indonesia. By way of two case studies about the Indonesian government’s handling of irregular migrants, it shows how it prioritises enforcement of the employment immigration law over labour and employment laws much like countries that have not ratified the ICRMW. It also draws attention to legal protection gaps that emerge for asylum seekers when they are recognised to be genuine refugees.