Open Source and Free Software Studies

This report aims to introduce the fundamental features of the free Jamovi software to academics in the field of educational measurement for use at undergraduate and graduate level research. As such, after introducing the R based interface and the integrated development environment, the core functions of Jamovi are presented, the installation for GNU7Linux, Windows, and MacOS is explained and screenshots of frequently conducted statistical analyses are provided. Additionally, the module support of Jamovi is presented, along with a use case scenario on developing further functionality for Jamovi using modules. Specifically, conducting meta-analysis and Bayesian statistics using modules in Jamovi are explained through examples.

The paper presents a solution for integrating many aspects of human resource management, with extensible customization possibility (language, interface), to meets specific needs of various organizations, both regarding the organization as a whole, but also in terms of different categories of users that can use the platform. It also provides an overview and perspective on using Open Source Software in human resource management.

The formal analysis described here detects two so far undetected real deadlock situations per thousand C source files or million lines of code in the open source Linux operating system kernel, and three undetected accesses to freed memory, at a few seconds per file.  That is notable because the code has been continuously under scrutiny from thousands of developers' pairs of eyes.  In distinction to model-checking techniques, which also use symbolic logic, the analysis uses a ``3-phase" compositional Hoare-style programming logic combined with abstract interpretation.  The result is a customisable post-hoc semantic analysis of C code that is capable of several different analyses at once.

Eben Moglen sieht mit der Freien Software das Ende des »geistigen Eigentums« heraufdämmern. Digital repräsentierbare Informationen widersetzen sich der Eigentumsform, weil sie frei kopierbar sind. Deshalb sieht Moglen in diesem »anarchistischen« Ansatz, bei dem jeder die Werke anderer nicht nur nutzen, sondern auch verbessern darf, die einzig angemessene Produktionsweise – allerdings nur für Informationsgüter. Yochai Benkler verallgemeinert den Ansatz zur »commons-based peer production« und identifiziert das zugrunde liegende, sehr alte gesellschaftliche Organisationsprinzip: die Commons. Jeremy Rifkin will nichts von einer Begrenzung auf die Informationssphäre wissen, sondern sagt den »kollaborativen Commons« eine große Zukunft voraus, in der sie den Kapitalismus Schritt für Schritt zurückdrängen, bis er in einer »hybriden Wirtschaft« nur noch eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt. Doch Benkler wie Rifkin gehen von einer problematischen Konzeption von »Grenzkosten« aus, die ihre Ergebnisse verzerrt. Warum die Commons trotzdem als Hoffnungsträger gelten können, wird in diesem Text gezeigt.

This paper presents results for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) in Swedish. We trained acoustic models on
the public domain NST Swedish corpus and made them freely available to the community. The training procedure corresponds to the
reference recogniser (RefRec) developed for the SpeechDat databases during the COST249 action. We describe the modifications we
made to the procedure in order to train on the NST database, and the language models we created based on the N-gram data available
at the Norwegian Language Council. Our tests include medium vocabulary isolated word recognition and LVCSR. Because no previous
results are available for LVCSR in Swedish, we use as baseline the performance of the SpeechDat models on the same tasks. We also
compare our best results to the ones obtained in similar conditions on resource rich languages such as American English. We tested the
acoustic models with HTK and Julius and plan to make them available in CMU Sphinx format as well in the near future. We believe that
the free availability of these resources will boost research in speech and language technology in Swedish, even in research groups that
do not have resources to develop ASR systems.

Описание концептуальных идеологических различий между свободной (free software) и открытой (open source software) моделями  разработки ПО.
Description of conceptual ideological  differences between free software and open source software models of development.

Context Numerous open source software projects are based on volunteers collaboration and require a continuous influx of newcomers for their continuity. Newcomers face barriers that can lead them to give up. These barriers hinder both developers willing to make a single contribution and those willing to become a project member. Objective This study aims to identify and classify the barriers that newcomers face when contributing to Open Source Software projects. Method We conducted a systematic literature review of papers reporting empirical evidence regarding the barriers that newcomers face when contributing to Open Source Software (OSS) projects. We retrieved 291 studies by querying 4 digital libraries. Twenty studies were identified as primary. We performed a backward snowballing approach, and searched for other papers published by the authors of the selected papers to identify potential studies. Then, we used a coding approach inspired by open coding and axial coding procedures f...

Peer review is a necessary and essential quality control step for scientific publications but lacks proper incentives. Indeed, the process, which is very costly in terms of time and intellectual investment, not only is not remunerated by the journals but it is also not openly recognized by the academic community as a relevant scientific output for a researcher. Therefore, scientific dissemination is affected in timeliness, quality and fairness. Here, to solve this issue, we propose a blockchain-based incentive system that rewards scientists for peer reviewing other scientists’ work and that builds up trust and reputation. We designed a privacy-oriented protocol of smart contracts called Ants-Review that allows authors to issue a bounty for open anonymous peer reviews on Ethereum. If requirements are met, peer reviews will be accepted and paid by the approver proportionally to their assessed quality. To promote ethical behaviour and inclusiveness the system implements a gamified mech...

The long-awaiting freedom in the Software industry was installed by Richard Stallman. No sooner, the giants of Software developers, Microsoft and others embraced this freedom, though without a suicide on their business ventures. This development established a dichotomy called Free and Open Source software (FOSS) and Proprietary Software (PS) in the industry. While there are many authors that have compared the two software types, yet literature showed that no research has made such comparison considering the average user rating of the software nor has advanced statistical approach been utilized. This research used a statistical tool called Double Sampling for Stratification to estimate the mean and total of average user rating and the corresponding variance of the estimate both for the FOSS and PS. This method considers the survey cost to make estimation. Data were randomly collected from two largest online software repositories www.sourceforge.net (for FOSS) and www.download.com (for PS). The estimated mean showed that FOSS (4.6) is highly rated than PS (3.6) and the optimum Variance comparison established that FOSS is more efficient than PS from the average user ratings perspective. The Coefficient of variation gave the quality (precision) of estimated average user rating in FOSS over PS. The numerical efficiency, as revealed by relative efficiency, showed that FOSS is approximately 11 (eleven) times efficient over PS. Recommendations were, further, documented for software repositories and users.

This conceptual note deals with how Linux (and particularly Linux kernel development) is a fascinating case study of collaborative intelligence, how it incorporates elements of biological evolution and its sociological impacts on us not as just users of technology but as elements of a complex social structure.

I’ve always been fascinated by the Linux operating system. It was in 2001 that I first laid eyes on Red Hat Linux (it was version 6 if I remember correctly) and since then the obsession has grown. I learnt about installing, operating and tweaking distributions of Linux to suit my own needs. I soon had dual-booted my own machine with Windows and Linux. Today in 2014, I can safely say that I know why I was so fascinated by it. The concept that software can be free had an innately attractive ring to it. Today my fascination with Linux is not just limited to the distribution (any “flavor” of Linux can be called a distribution) but the FOSS movement. FOSS stands for Free and open Source Software.

What would a “free knowledge bank’look like if it were to be designed as an architectural object? The challenge was posed by El Ranchito, a curatorial project based at Madrid’s contemporary art centre, Matadero, to the art and architectural collective Zoohaus in 2011. The project aimed to turn into a 3-D model (hereafter known as the Offfficina) a variety of architectural “collective intelligences’ (based on do-it-yourself, retrofitted, community-driven architectural designs and
adaptations) that Zoohaus had long been collecting and documenting from locations the world over. This essay tells the story of the making and travails of the Offfficina. It describes the work that Zoohaus has been carrying out in documenting constructive techniques worldwide: their use of diagrams, photographs, videos or digital social media in experimenting with, or improvising new models and forms of architectural representation. Furthermore, it describes the challenges
faced in turning such “models’ into “prototypes’: when the experimental form must remain openly recursive to its own re/presentational sources. The paper ends by describing the most radical of such recursive transformations, where the Offfficina was turned into an “ambient’ or atmospheric object, and in the process reimagined (free) knowledge as dimensional piece of interior design.

Edited volume with contributions by:
0.0 Annet Dekker: Introduction + Report Archive2020 Expert Meeting + Cultural Analytics by Lev Manovich
1.0 Martine Neddam: Zen and the Art of Database Maintenance
2.0 Anne Laforet, Aymeric Mansoux, Marloes de Valk: Rock, Paper, Scissors and Floppy Disks
3.0 Twan Eikelenbook in conversation with Florian Cramer: Print Out the Internet
4.0 Caitlin Jones: Do It Yourself. Distributing Responsibility for Media Arts Preservation and Documentation
5.0 Gabriele Blome, Gaby Wijers: Visibility, Distribution and Memory Through Networks and Collaboration
6.0 Lizzie Muller: Oral History and the Media Art Audience
7.0 Annet Dekker in conversation with Jeroen van Mastrigt: Serious Archiving: Preserving the Intangible by Capturing Processes
8.0 Maurits van der Graaf en Gerhard Nauta: Cultural Heritage in Limbo: Reflections on Preliminary Research into Born-Digital Cultural Heritage in the Netherlands

[Dutch research. English summary included]
In December 2007 the Dutch government agreed on the action plan Netherlands Open in Connection, hereafter called NOiV, the Dutch acronym. The objectives of this strategic plan are the following: 1. increase interoperability by accelerating the use of open standards; 2. reduction of supplier dependence through a faster introduction of open source software, open standards and the use of ODF (a document format based on an open standard); 3. promotion of a level playing field in the software market (...) by forceful stimulation of the use of open source software, and by giving preference to open source software during the process of IT acquisition.
To reach these goals the action plan describes a number of different policies for open standards and open source software. A vast number of these policies directly affects the process of IT procurement within government organisations.
To understand why some objectives are supported and some are resisted by government buyers, the following researchquestion was selected: How and under what circumstances does a strategic IT plan influence behaviour regarding the practice of public tenders?
If these circumstances can be identified it would become possible for policymakers to take them into account while designing future strategic IT policies.
To answer the research question a conformance and performance research methodology is used. This methodology focuses bottom-up on the influence a strategic policy has on the behaviour of a targeted organisation during the policy implementation phase. A strategic policy is fulfilling its purpose if it plays a tangible role in the choices of the addressed policy takers. Through monitoring information is produced about the observed policy outcomes (conformance) and through evaluation the research produces information about the value of the observed policy outcomes (performance).
To see how the Dutch strategic IT policy is enacted in practice, empirical quantitative research was carried out which asked for the data of all the Dutch calls for tender, published in Tenders Electronic Daily (TED) between January and June 2010, that followed the open procedure and that consisted of the delivery of software of some kind. Out of the total sample of 94 calls, data relating to 80 tenders was received, a response rate of 85 %. All these tender documents were examined on different aspects and policies, such as the needs or want for open standards, vendor-independent award criteria, the possibility to use ODF for the bid, and the possible preference for open or closed source products. The goal of this quantitative research is not to generalise the outcome, but to see if during a certain
period the policy has been supported or resisted. The collected data from this quantitative research is needed to give input and meaning to the subsequent question why the strategic policy is resisted or supported.

This paper outlines a software development project written in HTML, CSS, Javascript and jQuery.  Developing code for the Internet requires extensive development time and testing.  Working directly on an existing website can interrupt or slow server response time for clients or other users.  The Planet Stew CodePlayer allows a developer to work in an offline development environment to create code in HTML with CSS and Javascript in separate windows.  When a user wants to test their application development they can click the ‘run’ button and the results of their combined code; HTML, CSS and Javascript code are combined together in the ‘Result’ window.  A user can toggle between all 4 windows of the code player or view all 4 windows at once.  Toggle buttons along the top of the menu bar allow a user to choose which windows they want to work with at any given time.  Each windows represents a difference development file.  There is a window for HTML code, a window for CSS code and a window for Javascript code.  Although this application can be uploaded and run from a website, it is recommended that this is utilized in an offline environment since the ability to use it to edit Javascript could put file security at risk on a live website.  You can however, disable the Javascript and use the other functions without risk.  When the application is working as intended then the code can be copied into separate documents and instantiated on a web server.

This article describes a C code static analyser that detects misuse of spinlocks in the Linux kernel.  Spinlock misuse is difficult to detect by testing, relatively common, and leads to runtime deadlocks in the Linux operating system kernel on multiprocessor architectures.

A la par de la creciente incidencia del trabajo inmaterial en el aparato productivo, la tendencia en los últimos años ha sido hacia la constitución de legislaciones que consideran la propiedad intelectual de la misma manera que la material y, por lo tanto, hacia una concepción de la propiedad en sentido tradicional, es decir, como derecho exclusivo de su propietario. Esta tendencia, que más de una vez se ha traducido en fuertes presiones corporativas, 1 1. Peter Drahos ha afirmado que "la historia de la propiedad intelectual es una historia de coerción, pero es una coerción económica antes que militar" (Drahos 2009: 53) al mostrar cómo el ADPIC (Acuerdo de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual ha llevado a hablar de un movimiento de «nuevos cercamientos» para denotar lo que estaría ocurriendo en el ámbito de la políticas públicas a nivel global (Boyle 2003: 37). Así como en el siglo XV comenzó en Inglaterra un proceso de privatización de la tierra considerada hasta entonces como bien común, las nuevas legislaciones parecen impulsar en la actualidad un creciente proceso de privatización del conocimiento (Moulier-Boutang 2004: 107). En efecto, los derechos de propiedad intelectual que se vienen acordando desde la década de 1980 relacionados con el Comercio) de la OMC fue resultado de años de múltiples presiones bilaterales por parte del gobierno de Estados Unidos, ejercidas a través de una exitosa estrategia de asociación de la política internacional en propiedad intelectual a la política comercial. Sobre esta cuestión, véase Drahos y Braithwaite (2007) y Drahos (2009). Resumen: Con la creciente incidencia del trabajo inmaterial y de la propiedad intelectual en el aparato productivo, el Movimiento Software Libre se ha presentado como caso paradigmático para buena parte de la teoría política contemporánea que busca problematizar la estructuración que adquiere el capitalismo en la actualidad. Teniendo en cuenta estos planteamientos y partiendo de la tensión entre las iniciativas Software Libre y Código Abierto, se procura indagar en los sentidos políticos que expresaría el software libre como forma de producción de lo común: desde los conceptos fundantes de propiedad, comunidad y libertad, se lo propone como un contraejemplo posible y eventualmente disruptivo de una organización productiva basada en los principios de la privatización y la exclusión. Palabras clave: software libre, comunidad, propiedad intelectual, trabajo inmaterial. Abstract: With the increasing incidence of immaterial labor and intellectual property in the production system, the Free Software Movement has been presented as a paradigmatic case for much of contemporary political theory that seeks to problematize the structure that capitalism is acquiring today. Given these approaches and considering the tensions between Free Software and Open Source, we seek to investigate the political sense that Free Software expresses as a case of production of the commons: from the founding concepts of property, community and freedom, we propose it as a possible and eventually disruptive counterexample to an economic organization mainly based on the principles of privatization and exclusion.

Although theoretically the patent system is meant to bolster innovation, the current United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is cumbersome and involves a significant time investment to locate inactive patents less than 20 years old. This article reports on the development of an open source database to find these public domain ideas. First, a search strategy is explained. Then the operation and use of free and open source software are detailed to meet the needs of open hardware innovators. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the utility of the approach with 3-D printing. The results showed how the Free Inactive Patent Search enables users to search using plain language text to find public domain concepts and then provides a hyperlinked list of ideas that takes users to the USPTO database for the patent for more information. All of the source code to operate the search and the website are open source themselves and provided in the public domain for free. In the case study on 3-D printing the time to identify public domain patents was cut by a factor of more than 1500. This tool has the potential for accelerating the development of open hardware technologies to create high value for the public.

El presente manual es el resultado de dos años de investigación en los que, a partir de la sistematización de la experiencia, se identificaron elementos esenciales presentes en el modelo que permitan a otros interesados instrumentar un modelo similar en otras regiones de México o incluso en otros países.

El manual está dirigido tanto a diseñadores de política pública, emprendedores sociales y comunidades interesadas en instrumentar el modelo de telefonía comunitaria para atender necesidades de comunicación en zonas apartadas y distantes.
Este es un primer paso en la construcción de un nuevo modelo de cobertura social en que los beneficiarios son a su vez los prestadores de servicio. La experiencia en su instrumentación va abriendo nuevas aristas y desarrollos que fortalecen el modelo. Sus creadores han establecido un wiki en el que se encuentra amplia información sobre el mismo y al que se puede contribuir compartiendo los resultados y aprendizajes en la realización de esta experiencia:  http://wiki.rhizomatica.org

This thesis is an autoethnographic account of my search for the sacred in cyberspace. The research was conducted in the virtual world Second Life, and in particular in two role play communities set in Ancient Egypt. Virtual worlds are often criticised as unreal, as just games. Here I explore the ontological status of virtual worlds, recognising the priority for their inhabitants of lived experience over purely rational assessments. This research is unique and important as no monograph of role play communities in Second Life has yet been published, and yet tens of millions of people spend an increasing amount of time in virtual and game worlds, often preferring them to the meatspace world. I recount my experiences with ritual in cyberspace, describing sacred virtual space, and its relationship to sacred meatspace from a Pagan perspective. I compare two initiation rituals, and describe how one produced the perception of sacred space, in both meatspace and the virtual world, while the other remained only a role play. Finally I analyse an opening of the mouth ritual to reveal the way we make sense of our own realities by building on and remixing what came before us, and to argue that there are many truths and that objectivity is impossible in the human condition. This is the story of how I became one with my avatar, despite my best efforts not to do so.

Themes of the fun economy, remix culture, and copyright inform the analysis in the work. I explore Castronova's concept of the fun economy, the amalgam of work, play and education which characterises twenty first century life in the developed world. Freedom and fun are the motivators for the inhabitants of virtual worlds and the bounds of these are defined by copyright. This issue is examined through the lens of the Second Life permissions system and the work of Lessig and his concept of remix culture. I argue that remix culture has permeated the entirety of human history, giving examples from ancient Egypt through to the present day, and consider the implications for human culture if restrictive copyright laws continue to dominate legal frameworks, despite their failure to achieve their desired ends. Exploring our future in cyberspace though Kurzweil's concept of the singularity, I consider the possibilities of his predicted combination of the worlds of meatspace and the virtual.

Buku ini menyajikan penggunaan paket python hidrokit 0.3.2 dalam melakukan analisis hidrologi berupa prapemrosesan data (rekapitulasi dan akuisisi), perhitungan evapotranspirasi (Blaney-Craddle, Radiasi, dan Penman), pemodelan NRECA dan FJ. Mock, Perhitungan debit andal, Kalibrasi parameter otomatis/manual,

65-Software gestionali e di produttività
113-Software CAD/BIM
149-Software per modellazione 3D e rendering
197-GIS. Sistemi informativi territoriali
223-Software per il Rilevamento
257-Software di fotoritocco, grafica, impaginazione
Conclusioni
Bibliografia
Crediti delle immagini
Indice

Managing large projects involving different groups of people and complex tasks can be challenging. The solution is to use Project management software, which allows a more efficient management of projects. However, famous project management systems can be costly and may require expensive custom servers. Even if free software is not as complex as Microsoft Project, is noteworthy to think that not all projects need all the features, amenities and power of such systems. There are free and open source software alternatives that meet the needs of most projects, and that allow Web access based on different platforms and locations. A starting stage in adopting an OSS in-house is finding and identifying existing open source solution. In this paper we present an overview of Open Source Project Management Software (OSPMS) based on articles, reviews, books and developers’ web sites, about those that seem to be the most popular software in this category.

Many teachers and students in Nigerian institutions of learning find teaching and learning a herculean task and very boring because of the obsolete methods of teaching and learning in this sector of the Nigerian economy. New innovative and IT-driven approach will be used in this research to help improve the quality of teaching and learning in Nigerian schools. This research will try to find a solution to this problem, where both students and teachers will enjoy teaching and learning respectively in an environment where effective teaching and learning is the target objective.