Opinion

Resumen:
Los responsables de los canales de televisión hace ya tiempo que suben a Internet lo mejor de sus programas para conocer la reacción del público. Pero ese campo tan amplio y sin barreras es también el amparo perfecto para desvirtuar el objetivo primordial y convertirse en un foro lleno de insultos, calumnias y demás frases ofensivas que devalúan el contenido televisivo en sí. El objetivo de este investigación es por un lado, determinar el uso que se hace de las puntuaciones, los favoritos y los comentarios de una serie de contenidos televisivos subidos a YouTube, calcular cuántos comentarios están ocultos, cuántos son ofensivos o simples insultos y qué relación existe entre su contenido y esos comentarios. Por otro, se ha querido conocer la opinión de los usuarios sobre qué les parece que en las plataformas de vídeos de Internet no exista ningún tipo de limitación a ese tipo de aportaciones. Para ello se ha analizado cuantitatívamente y cualitatívamente un conjunto de vídeos de diversas cadenas de televisión que contenían un abanico amplio de contenidos. Con los datos se ha comparado el tipo de contenido con el uso y respuesta que ha suscitado entre el público. Por otro lado se ha realizado una encuesta entre más de 200 usuarios de estas plataformas audiovisuales de tipo presencial.

PDF-PowerPoint presentation of the talk I gave on Tuesday, 7th May 2019 at the Deparment of Philosophy of the University of Trnava.
Elements contained in the PowerPoint can be found in the already uploaded publication "The Drama of the Human Condition. Notes on the Causes and Origins of Evil in Plato's Republic".
Abstract
In my analysis, I would like to expose some suggestions on Plato’s interpretation of the origins and the causes of Evil in the human dimension. I shall mainly base my analysis on some passages of Plato’s Republic. The thesis of my analysis is that the root of the existence of Evil in the human dimension lies in the structure of the human soul as such. The human condition consists in being imperfect, suspended, exposed: Human beings are exposed to the risk of moral degeneration because of the very nature of their own soul, since the soul’s being composed of different parts and the mutual relations holding between the three parts cause the emergence of justice or of injustice. The origin of Evil is within us; we are the cause of any moral degradation in the human dimension, no matter whether we speak of individuals, of societies or of human history in general. Hence, we do not need to seek far away from ourselves in order to find the cause of any bad deed whatsoever. Plato is searching, in the Republic, a way out from all the negative dispositions connected to the human soul.
We can see, through Plato’s observations on the structure of the soul, that the soul is composed of three potencies (the rational part, the spirited part, the appetitive part). Every individual is, as such, a plurality of at least partially independent entities. We are borne divided in ourselves: a reunification of the parts of our soul is morally indispensable. The soul’s being composed of different parts shows us into the moral question of justice and injustice. The main problem concerning our soul is that we ought to seek a morally correct equilibrium between the parts of our soul: this equilibrium is not given; it will not arise by itself; it must be reached, and it can be reached only through an appropriate education.
The relations between these three parts can be characterized by harmony, if the rational part exercises the leading authority: this state is the condition of justice. The parts can find themselves, though, in conflict with each other, without, consequently, the rational part being able to exercise the duty of leadership: Whenever a condition of conflict between parts comes about, the soul is thrown in the condition of injustice.
Both good and evil in the individual come about from the correct or incorrect condition of the soul. Philosophical education exercises the decisive role in the development of justice, since only this kind of education can produce the development of the rational part; without the correct development of the rational part, individuals will be always exposed to the risk of moral degeneration. The strengthening of the rational part is, therefore, necessary. The book IV of the Republic needs the extension represented by the Book V, in oder that the instability of the dimension of opinion and the stability of the dimension of Being and of Truth is analysed. Furthermore, Book IV is connected to book VII: the programme of education is thought out in order to strengthen the rational part of the individuals. Moreover, Books VIII and IX show the consequences that would happen in case of the lack of an appropriate education.
In my analysis, the causes of the presence of Evil will be shown through some passages of the Republic: I shall first describe Plato’s definition of justice and of injustice; then, I shall examine a passage in which Plato describes the presence of criminal instincts within us; afterwards, I shall take into consideration images of the soul confirming the presence of morally difficult elements within our own nature. The way out from the problems represented by the structure of our soul consists, in my opinion, in the progressive assimilation to the realm of Being.
The whole description of the degeneration both of individuals and of constitutions in Republic Books VIII and IX shows that something within us morally does not function: this produces every kind of troubles in individuals, in nations and, in general, in human history. Actually, men are always exposed to the risk of moral degeneration: the weaker the philosophical education is, the greater is the risk of the moral degeneration. The common point in the different forms of degeneration is the absence of the factor of education, that is, without education there is a degeneration of individuals and of society. It is true that the degeneration can happen in any case; without education, though, the degeneration cannot be limited.

Entre fevier 1939, date de l'ouverture du premier camp d'internement administratif, et mai 1946 date de la fermeture du dernier, quelque 600 000 personnes se sont retrouvees enfermees non pas pour des delits ou des crimes qu'elles auraient commis mais pour le danger potentiel qu'elles representeraient pour l'Etat et/ou la societe. Quatre logiques successives se sont succede : l'exception (1938-1940), l'exclusion (1940-1942), la deportation (1942-1944), a nouveau l'exception (1944-1946). Ainsi s'enchainent des periodes et des logiques differentes pour un phenomene unique. On notera que souvent il s'agissait pour les gouvernements francais de repondre a une contrainte externe, ce qui tend a privilegier une approche « fonctionnelle » du phenomene. Mais, une fois la contrainte acceptee, il y avait plusieurs possibles et le choix de l'internement repondait alors, souvent, a des preconstruits ideologiques. Le plan choisi rend compte a la fois de...

PDF-PowerPoint presentation of the talk I gave on Friday, 25th August 2017 at the 54th Societas Ethica Annual Conference, “Giving an Account of Evil – Das Böse Verantworten”, “Thessalia” Conference Center, Melissatika, Volos Academy for Theological Studies, Volos, Greece / Griechenland, Volos, 24th – 27th August 2017.

In the context which interests us here, namely a wide 13th century, in which the office of Inquisition was born and flourished, and in which the use of the confession significantly extented, the divergent opinions are sanctioned, at first from a theological point of view, and then also on the judicial level, by the denial of orthodoxy. But who asserts the orthodoxy or its opposite? According to places and times, the problem of the context of statement arises with strength.
Without falling in an excessive nominalism, this paper focuses on the confrontation between the heretics and their accusers as on a situation of communication made very particular by the necessity of protecting a faith on one side, and of insuring its propagation of the other one. By leaning on recent studies, which showed that the difference of opinion takes its reality as heresy "as production of judges ", the present paper is situated at the level of the language and the frames of thought, to catch the heresy in its linguistic existence, leaving to the specialists of the history of the faith the care of the contents of one or several dissidences. The heretic being besides defined as the one who supports with obstinacy his different opinion, this article bends on his rhetoric, since his so called stubbornness belongs less to psychology than to linguistics.

ABSTRACTThis article examines how the Gujarati-speaking Muslim trading class in South(ern) Africa was linked as a reading public through a newspaper, Indian Views, which had been founded in early twentieth-century Durban in opposition to Mahatma Gandhi's Indian Opinion. Under the editorship of Moosa Meer (1929–63) it was a conduit for sustaining existing social networks as well as offering common narratives that galvanized an idea of community embracing its geographically disparate readership. Between 1956 and 1963, Zuleikha Mayat, a self-described housewife born in Potchefstroom but married to a medical doctor in Durban whom she ‘met’ through the newspaper, wrote a weekly column that represented one of the first instances of a South African Muslim woman offering her ideas in print. She spoke across gender divides and articulated a moral social vision that accounted for both local and diasporic concerns. This article provides a narrative account of how Mayat came to write for In...

Abstract:

The article is the result of the research about the economic and financial global crisis, based on the analysis of the discourse of four Ecuadorian new papers, during the years of 2009 and 2010.
Hereof is shown how the written press builds a symbolic reality, through the messages that specialized analyst transmit; the repercussions from said messages in the way people think, the social role of the press, and the subject matter of the
macro structure are the pieces of this study. This
article states that the crisis has promoted the consolidation of ideas about new economic models all around the world, the bonds among political communities, the current relationships between power, the opening opportunities and the crisis
that would facilitate the decisive politic processes, and finally, the consequences deriving from this economic phenomena for the world, especially in Ecuador. At the end, it verifies some trends
of thought, the position of some written media and its specialized writers, which have an effect on how this issue is handled and how the readers are persuaded.


Resumen:

Este artículo es el resultado de la investigación sobre el tema de la crisis económica y financiera mundial, basada en el análisis del discurso de cuatro diarios ecuatorianos, en el período abril de 2009 y 2010. Se analiza cómo la prensa escrita edifica una realidad simbólica, a través de los mensajes que emiten los analistas especializados; la repercusión de los mensajes en la opinión pública; el rol social de los periódicos; y la macroestructura temática que abarca las piezas de estudio. Pone de manifiesto que la crisis ha incentivado la consolidación de ideas sobre nuevos modelos económicos en el mundo, los vínculos entre comunidades políticas, las relaciones de poder existentes, las ventanas de oportunidad y crisis que facilitan la realización decisiva de procesos políticos y finalmente, las consecuencias de este fenómeno económico en el mundo, particularmente en Ecuador. Concluye con la comprobación de las tendencias ideológicas, posiciones de los medios de comunicación escritos y de sus articulistas especializados, las cuales repercuten en cómo se trata el tema analizado y cómo se persuade a los lectores.

Zwiększenie prywatnego finansowania urealni popyt na studia i zwiększy ich efektywność.
Pytania o to, jak finansować wyższe wykształcenie członków społeczeństwa, są aktualne we wszystkich krajach. Dyskusja toczy się permanentnie i prawdopodobnie nigdy nie zostanie sformułowana jedna, podzielana przez wszystkich opinia.
O tym, że kapitał ludzki i kapitał społeczny są ważnymi czynnikami rozwoju, nikogo nie trzeba dziś przekonywać. Rozstrzygnięcia co do kwestii, w jaki sposób można ten kapitał racjonalnie budować, by jak najlepiej wspomagał wzrost gospodarczy, należą do najważniejszych wyborów politycznych. To zaś w pełni uzasadnia prowadzenie otwartej debaty publicznej, a w konsekwencji także pozbawionego uprzedzeń sporu politycznego. Autor zdaje sobie sprawę z tego, że omawiane niżej poglądy są tylko jednym z wielu możliwych sposobów patrzenia na to zagadnienie.

Although neither Haruki Murakami nor Martin Amis are considered crime novelists, violence and death figure largely in their works. The deaths in their books are as often the result of suicide as of murder. Both these popular contemporary authors produce stories which, in any case, fail to conform neatly to categories or genres such as crime fiction. Murakami's A Wild Sheep Chase (1982), for example, begins as a detective novel, dips into wild comedy, and becomes a tale of possession and of a heroic quest. In Scott Reyburn's opinion, Murakami's fiction 'belongs to no genre but has the addictive fluency of the best genre fiction'(1). Similarly, Amis's celebrated London Fields, published in 1989, the year the English translation of A Wild Sheep Chase appeared in print, opens as a perverted murder mystery whose main character, Nicola Six, both foresees and conspires in her own death, and ends rather as a 'why-dunnit' than a 'who-dunnit'.

Investigation of the Student and Teacher Opinions about the Screencasting Centered Course

The current study aimed to analyze student and teacher opinions that participated to a screencasting centered undergraduate course. To achieve this, screencasts about Photoshop software were created using Camstudio Open Source (camstudio.org) application and also the students were asked to create their own screencasts. In addition, the produced screencasts were shared by the instructor via YouTube (www.youtube.com) social media site. 46 students and the instructor were interviewed about the screencasting activities of the course. Majority of the students reported that, screencasting could be used by anybody computer literate, sharing these screencasts on social media make learning compelling, using them via social media makes it accessible in an unlimited way, and makes pinpointing easy about anything they wanted to learn. Furthermore, many students claimed that prolonged use of computers was boring and there were inadequate instructor-student and student-to-student interaction. Both instructor and students argued that this method could be used in any topic recording of screen is possible.
Keywords: Analyses, instructor, opinion, screencast, screen casting, student

Les historiens de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ont toujours eu du mal a apprehender les comportements des Francais. A cote de la Resistance et de l'opinion, l'emprunt du mot « resilience », propose ici dans une acception bien specifique, permet de rendre compte des comportements de distance, de refus, de contestation visant l'occupation mais ne relevant pas de la Resistance, comportements qui temoignent et participent de la reconstruction de l'identite individuelle et collective. Manuscrit auteur - Pre-print du 01/07/2005

Weak psychological egoism is the doctrine that anything an agent does intentionally, that agent does at least expecting thereby to realize one of her self-regarding ends.(Strong psychological egoism, by contrast, is the doctrine that agents act always intending thereby ...

Heraldo de Aragón. Lunes 9 de mayo de 2022

ASCENSORES (IF)

<https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/opinion/2022/05/09/ascensores-if-david-serrano-dolader-1572498.html>

Hace un par de semanas (y no es infrecuente), uno de los dos ascensores del edifico de Interfacultades de la Universidad de Zaragoza estaba estropeado. En el indicador luminoso de la planta baja solo podía leerse “IF”, que mi alucinación me llevó a interpretar como el condicional inglés: “Si…”. ¡Me habían hecho mi próxima columna periodística (o casi)!
Si la guerra sigue… la muerte, el caos, la huida, el empobrecimiento y la barbarie triunfarán.
Si la economía no alza el vuelo… el futuro de nuestros hijos se torna (más) gris, complejo, desesperanzador y cabalístico.
Si los sinvergüenzas siguen triunfando… los comisionistas continuarán con sopera de plata y las gentes honradas, con tenedor de madera.
Si cualquier obra pública se sigue viendo como posibilidad de refulgente pelotazo… los palacios se tornarán en perreras y las letrinas, en lujosos castillos para guerrear hasta por el último euro.
Si las justas reivindicaciones son desatendidas… la clase política seguirá rodando por el profundo pozo del descrédito, la lujuria y el desempoderamiento.
Si el decrecimiento sigue llamándose crecimiento (negativo)… las palabras se rebelarán contra los hablantes para reivindicar que tienen un significado no truculento, no descuajeringable, no cancelable.
¿Chocolate de serrín, almohada de hierro, algodones de esparto, pintalabios de carbón, libro sin palabras, vacío con plenitud? Si sí… ¡pues no!
Como diría el loco: ascensor que baja, esconde mentira maja; ascensor que sube, no alcanza la nube.

David Serrano-Dolader
Profesor de la Universidad de Zaragoza

Background: There are specific challenges regarding the perceptions of families of comatose patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Identifying these perceptions may attract the cooperation of families with nurses and provide better care for patients. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of families of comatose patients in ICUs. Methods: This was a qualitative content-analysis study. Seventeen families with comatose patients were recruited by the purposive sampling technique. The necessary data were generated by semi-structured interviews, continued until data saturation, and concurrently analyzed by an inductive content analysis method. Results: Four main categories were manifested, including shock and disbelief, the effort for adaptation, exhaustion, and burnout, as well as hope and support. Conclusion: The obtained results signified the importance of nurses' awareness concerning the family members' perceptions of their comatose patient status in ICUs. The relevant findings reflected the need for nurses to pay attention to the feelings and emotions of the families of these patients.

El éxito del turismo del vino depende en gran medida de la oferta de servicios que satisfagan fundamentalmente las motivaciones primarias del turista. Los estudios existentes demuestran que estas motivaciones están directamente relacionadas con las bodegas y el vino. Por lo tanto, para conseguir el desarrollo exitoso de este tipo de turismo en una zona emergente, es necesario conocer las opiniones y el nivel de implicación con el enoturismo de los propietarios de las bodegas. Esta investigación se desarrolla en una región española con gran tradición vinícola pero con escaso desarrollo del turismo del vino. En ella se analizan las opiniones de las principales bodegas existentes.

The essay consists in the analysis of the problem of the evil in the man and in the analysis of the remedies which the man can fi nd against the evil. Plato affi rms the presence of an active principle of evil in the soul of every man, which coincides with some instincts of the appetitive soul; the opposite principle to the evil is the reason, which needs, though, a correct education in order to be able to fi ght effi ciently against the evil in us. The man can be seen as a battle fi eld of these opposite forces. Plato describes the presence of the evil in us in some passages of Republic Book 9, where he compares the appetitive part of the soul with a monster. The destiny of every person in her earthly existence consists in the continuing control of the appetitive part of the soul, if the status of ethical education is to be reached and maintained. The man who remains in the realm of the opinion, that is, in the realm of the doxa is an individual who only disposes of unstable opinions and who as a consequence do not have authentic remedies against the appetitive part. On the contrary, the individual who can ascend to the realm of being through the hard education represented by arithmetic, geometry, stereometry, astronomy, harmony and, finally, dialectic is really able to contrast the force of the evil within the individual. Ethics is really possible only through the complete education which passes through these disciplines: the more the individuals is theoretically educated, the more the individual is ethically educated. The knowledge of ideas is the only authentic therapy against the evil in us.

Banking services perform an important task in the current situation, focusing on the advanced grading of customers utilizing dif erent products of the bank. Banking facilities are now becoming important to all, which allows customers to undertake dif erent types of work. Bankings which have been developed with the aid of emerging banking products such as Automated teller machine, telephone wallet, telephone financial services, online payments and the conversion of digital funds that have been successfully utilized by customers. The consumers have been actively pursued to reduce moment, resources, and commitment. The sample scale is 200 and work are being done in the district of Virudhunagar. The researcher framed 50 statements related to banking products that have the reflection of customer opinion and it was analyzed by percentage analysis and Multivariate analysis to test the hypothesis and study. The key objective of the work isto discover consumer opinions and attitudes towards dif erent banking items.

Au debut des annees 1990, D. Peschanski propose d&#39;appeler « vichysto-resistants » ces hommes et ces femmes qui ont ete d&#39;authentiques resistants tout en defendant les valeurs de l&#39;Etat francais, celles de la Revolution nationale. Avec Laurent Douzou, il revient ici sur un phenomene dont on ne mesurait pas l&#39;ampleur jusque-la. Ils montrent ses composantes institutionnelles et ideologiques, mais concluent que sans etre un obstacle absolu Vichy representa a l&#39;evidence une hypotheque, dans la mesure ou l&#39;association entre Revolution nationale et collaboration etait au fondement de l&#39;Etat francais.

S’inscrivant dans le regain d’intérêt récent des historiens pour la question de l’autorité, que l’on peut définir, d’après le Grand Dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle de Larousse, comme le « droit ou pouvoir de commander, de se faire obéir », cette thèse étudie l’autorité de l’Etat à travers le prisme de l’autorité de trois de ses représentants en province (les préfets, les sous-préfet et les maires), de 1800, date de la réorganisation de l’administration par Napoléon Bonaparte, à la fin du Second Empire. Il s’agit, ainsi, de déterminer dans quel cadre et de quelle manière les préfets, les sous-préfets et les maires s’efforçaient d’obtenir l’obéissance de la population à leur personne, au régime qu’ils représentaient et à l’Etat qu’ils personnifiaient, ainsi que d’identifier les difficultés auxquelles ils étaient confrontés. Afin de disposer d’un terrain d’enquête suffisamment large pour couvrir des situations différentes, tout en restant relativement restreint, de manière à mene...