Portuguese faience

SEBASTIAN, Luís - A faiança portuguesa no Mosteiro de S. João de Tarouca (séculos XVI-XVIII). In Actas do Congresso Internacional "Mosteiros Cistercienses: História, Arte, Espiritualidade e Património". Alcobaça: Jorlis, Edições e Publicações, Lda.. Vol. I. Separata. 2013, pp. 357-373.

In the first half of the 19th century emerged in Caldas da Rainha an authored ceramics mostly done for decorative purposes. In this article are listed some of the masters craftsmen and manufacturers that produced and developed this type of ceramics having as goal the construction of a small guide to help in the identification of their work.

Perante o crescente número de intervenções arqueológicas em território nacional com exumação de grandes quantidades de faiança portuguesa, sobretudo ocorridas desde a década de oitenta do século XX, o conhecimento sobre estes materiais adquirido ao longo do final do século XIX e primeira metade de século XX, baseado principalmente na análise de colecções museológicas, viu-se ultrapassado pela constatação da sua excepcionalidade, em completa contradição com o que os vestígios arqueológicos têm vindo a revelar terem sido as características dominantes da faiança
portuguesa.
Como problemáticas nunca satisfatoriamente resolvidas temos a determinação do momento exacto em que a produção de faiança se deu em território português e a identificação dos centros oleiros responsáveis pela sua produção. Espera-se deste modo contribuir directamente para a distinção da origem das diversas produções e,
indirectamente, para a futura constituição de um quadro tipológico que especifique formas e decorações, distribuídas por centro produtor, permitindo determinar influências e cronologias. Assim, propõe-se a identificação dos centros produtores e suas técnicas de fabrico através do estudo da documentação disponível, dos muitos vestígios arqueológicos exumados ao longo das últimas três décadas, na sua quase totalidade inéditos, e da análise comparativa com os últimos paralelos etnográficos. Desta abordagem aponta-se o início da produção de cerâmica de esmalte estanífero em Portugal no inicio do século XVI, ao que se terá seguido uma fase de forte inovação derivada da migração de oleiros flamengos para a cidade de Lisboa nos meados do mesmo século. Daqui, este movimento terá alastrado às olarias de Coimbra e levado ao desenvolvimento de um novo centro oleiro em Vila Nova.
Given the growing number of archaeological interventions on national territory with exhumation of large quantities of Portuguese faience, especially those which have taken place since the eighties decade of the XX century, the knowledge about these materials, acquired throughout the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, is mainly based on the analysis of museological collections. This knowledge has been surpassed by exceptional evidence, which is in complete contradiction with what the archaeological vestiges have come to reveal as being dominant characteristics of Portuguese faience. With uncertainties which have never been satisfactorily resolved, we have determined the exact moment in which the production of the faience happened on Portuguese territory, and have identified the pottery centres responsible for that production. In this way, we hope to directly contribute to the discernment of the origins of several productions and, indirectly, to establish future typological charts which specify shapes and decoration distributed by production centre, allowing influences and chronologies to be determined. Therefore, what is proposed is the identification of production centres and their manufacturing techniques through the study of the documentation available, and the many archaeological findings, and exhumation carried out in the last three decades, based mainly on unpublished works, and a comparative analysis with the last ethnographic parallels? From this approach, the beginning of stanniferous enamel ceramic in Portugal, is shown to have occurred at the beginning of the 16th century, where a phase of strong innovation, brought about by the immigration of Flemish potters to the city of Lisbon sometime in the same century, followed. From here, the movement spread to potteries in Coimbra and led to the development of a new pottery centre in Vila Nova.

SEBASTIAN, Luís - Faiança portuguesa: centros produtores, matérias, técnicas de fabrico e critérios de distinção. In Velhos e Novos Mundos: Estudos de Arqueologia Moderna. Lisboa: Centro de História de Além-Mar. Vol. 2. 2012, pp. 937-950.
Recorrendo à documentação coeva disponível, paralelos etnográficos e análise de vestígios arqueológicos de contextos de produção e de consumo, procurou-se definir o que é faiança; quando, onde e como se deu o início do seu fabrico em território português; quais os centros oleiros que, anteriores à reforma pombalina, foram responsáveis pela sua produção durante os séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII; quais as matérias-primas e técnicas de produção envolvidas no seu fabrico, procurando isolar características diferenciadoras que permitam identificar as produções de cada centro oleiro. Da investigação realizada entre 1998 e 2010, situou-se a génese do fabrico de faiança em Portugal nos inícios do século XVI, com profunda renovação nos meados dessa centúria, identificando-se de forma segura unicamente três centros oleiros anteriores à reforma pombalina – Lisboa, Coimbra e Vila Nova (Gaia). Por fim, determinou-se ser possível distinguir as produções de cada centro oleiro através das suas características macroscópicas, considerando as opções ao nível das pastas, esmaltes, pintura – tintas e técnica –, formas e decorações, ao qual se juntam as técnicas de separação empregues durante a cozedura de vidragem.

O fabrico de faiança portuguesa durante os últimos séculos sofreu diversas influências primeiro da louça chinesa que tentava emular e mais tarde de padrões ingleses e revivalismos franceses da produção do renascentista Bernard Palissy, contudo, os portugueses em vez de copiarem sobretudo reinventaram criando interpretações com uma identidade própria. No texto são apresentadas 50 peças criadas entre o século XVIII e o início do século XX com o objetivo de mostrar a variedade e influências que a produção nacional teve durante este período.

SEBASTIAN, Luís - A produção oleira de faiança em Portugal (séculos XVI-XVIII). Lisboa: Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Dissertação de Doutoramento. 2010 (policopiado).
Perante o crescente número de intervenções arqueológicas em território nacional com exumação de grandes quantidades de faiança portuguesa, sobretudo ocorridas desde a década de oitenta do século XX, o conhecimento sobre estes materiais adquirido ao longo do final do século XIX e primeira metade de século XX, baseado principalmente na análise de colecções museológicas, viu-se ultrapassado pela constatação da sua excepcionalidade, em completa contradição com o que os vestígios arqueológicos têm vindo a revelar terem sido as características dominantes da faiança
portuguesa.
Como problemáticas nunca satisfatoriamente resolvidas temos a determinação do momento exacto em que a produção de faiança se deu em território português e a identificação dos centros oleiros responsáveis pela sua produção. Espera-se deste modo contribuir directamente para a distinção da origem das diversas produções e,
indirectamente, para a futura constituição de um quadro tipológico que especifique formas e decorações, distribuídas por centro produtor, permitindo determinar influências e cronologias. Assim, propõe-se a identificação dos centros produtores e suas técnicas de fabrico através do estudo da documentação disponível, dos muitos vestígios arqueológicos exumados ao longo das últimas três décadas, na sua quase totalidade inéditos, e da análise comparativa com os últimos paralelos etnográficos. Desta abordagem aponta-se o início da produção de cerâmica de esmalte estanífero em Portugal no inicio do século XVI, ao que se terá seguido uma fase de forte inovação derivada da migração de oleiros flamengos para a cidade de Lisboa nos meados do mesmo século. Daqui, este movimento terá alastrado às olarias de Coimbra e
levado ao desenvolvimento de um novo centro oleiro em Vila Nova.
Given the growing number of archaeological interventions on national territory with exhumation of large quantities of Portuguese faience, especially those which have taken place since the eighties decade of the XX century, the knowledge about these materials, acquired throughout the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, is mainly based on the analysis of museological collections. This knowledge has been surpassed by exceptional evidence, which is in complete contradiction with what the archaeological vestiges have come to reveal as being dominant characteristics of Portuguese faience. With uncertainties which have never been satisfactorily resolved, we have determined the exact moment in which the production of the faience happened on Portuguese territory, and have identified the pottery centres responsible for that production. In this way, we hope to directly contribute to the discernment of the origins of several productions and, indirectly, to establish future typological charts which specify shapes and decoration distributed by production centre, allowing influences and chronologies to be determined. Therefore, what is proposed is the identification of production centres and their manufacturing techniques through the study of the documentation available, and the many archaeological findings, and exhumation carried out in the last three decades, based mainly on unpublished works, and a comparative analysis with the last ethnographic parallels? From this approach, the beginning of stanniferous enamel ceramic in Portugal, is shown to have occurred at the beginning of the 16th century, where a phase of strong innovation, brought about by the immigration of Flemish potters to the city of Lisbon sometime in the same century, followed. From here, the movement spread to potteries in Coimbra and led to the development of a new pottery centre in Vila Nova.

In de periode van 27 mei tot en met 5 juli 2013 en 28 oktober tot en met 18 december is door ADC ArcheoProjecten op de locatie ‘Delftse Schie’ te Schiedam archeologisch onderzoek verricht, in de vorm van een opgraving en aangrenzend aan het plangebied, een begeleiding. Aanleiding voor beide onderzoeken vormde de voorgenomen bochtafsnijding van de Delftse Schie.

Tijdens het onderzoek zijn de restanten van de Oude dijk, dijksloot, terpachtige ophogingen en historische bebouwing aangetroffen. Tevens zijn vermoedelijk de resten van de dam gevonden die in de Schie werd aangelegd, ter voorbereiding van de bouw van de Oude dijk. De ontwikkeling van de bewoning binnen het gebied vond plaats in een landschap dat onder invloed van de mens langzaam veranderde van een natuurlijke omgeving naar een steeds meer gecultiveerde landschapsvorm. Steeds meer land werd voor de landbouw en veeteelt ingericht.

In de Romeinse tijd was het gebied al in gebruik en behoorde tot de periferie van een huisplaats, ten noorden van het plangebied. Romeinse sporen die binnen het plangebied zijn aangetroffen betroffen enkele smalle greppels die in het veen waren uitgegraven. In de periode erna vonden diverse overstromingen plaats en ontstond een uitgebreid veengebied.

Vanaf de 10e eeuw vonden regionale ontginningen plaats en kreeg het landschap langzaam een steeds opener karakter. In deze periode werden er in de omgeving granen, waaronder rogge op de akkers verbouwd. De ontginningen hadden echter wel tot gevolg, dat het land langzaam inklonk en lager kwam te liggen. Hierdoor was het ontvankelijker voor overstromingen. Als reactie hierop werd de polder bedijkt. In de late 12e eeuw werd een dam in de Schie aangelegd, om zo de Oude Dijk te kunnen aanleggen. Aan de voet van de dijk werd vervolgens een dijksloot gegraven. Vrij snel hierna zijn er ophogingen aangebracht en werd daarmee ook de dijksloot aan het oog onttrokken. Botanisch en pollenonderzoek toont aan dat de belangrijkste veranderingen in het landschap in deze periode plaats hebben gevonden. Het landschap droogde op en werd aanzienlijk opener ten gevolge van een toenemend aandeel in de akkerbouw. Op deze ophogingen zijn slechts weinig sporen van bewoning aangetroffen, in de vorm van plaggenwanden en kuilen.

Er werd veel vondstmateriaal aangetroffen in het dijklichaam, de dijksloot en de ophogingen. Het betreft onder andere geïmporteerd aardewerk uit het Duitse Rijnland, als ook lokaal geproduceerd kogelpotaardewerk en hoogversierd aardewerk. Tevens werd er veel tufsteen gevonden, maar ook kloostermoppen en geprofileerde bakstenen. Dat deze vroege bouwmaterialen hier samen werden gevonden, wijst op een datering in de overgangsperiode van tufsteen naar baksteen. Er werden tevens veel metalen voorwerpen verzameld. Het betrof onder andere een beitel, gespen, een lanspunt, knijpscharen, lemmeten van messen, een broche, een ring en een sleutel. Een tot nu toe onbekend type leren instapschoen behoorde ook tot de vondsten. Ten slotte was de vondst van een vrijwel complete houten stoel uit het begin van de 13e eeuw zelfs uniek te noemen.

De vroegste historische vermelding van bewoning binnen het plangebied dateert uit de vroege 15e eeuw. Het betreft een boerderij met de naam ’s Gravenhuize. Aangetroffen restanten die aan deze historische vermeldingen zijn te koppelen waren een laat 14e-eeuwse/vroeg 15e-eeuwse haardplaats en een wandspoor, die onderdeel waren van een vakwerkhuis.

Uit deze periode zijn een aantal metalen voorwerpen geborgen, zoals een mes met lemmet en heft, een knijpschaar, een gesp en een gordelsluiting met een restant leer, een halve groot (munt) en een hoefijzer. Tevens werd onder andere een tweetal leren kinderschoenen en een natuurstenen vijzel gevonden.

In de Nieuwe tijd waren er veel akkers aanwezig in de omgeving. Op deze akkers werden granen, waaronder rogge, verbouwd. Evenals in de Late Middeleeuwen bedreef men vermoedelijk ook veeteelt en werden de graslanden gebruikt voor beweiding met vee. Daarnaast was een deel van de graslanden mogelijk als hooiland in gebruik.

De oudste baksteenbouw op de locatie betreft de westelijke boerderij. Deze dateert uit de 16e eeuw en is op de plek van het voormalige vakwerkhuis gebouwd. Er zijn bij de boerderij aanwijzingen aangetroffen die wijzen op het ambacht van boter maken.

This archaeological research would reveal none archaeological structers. Nevertheless, some stratigraphic levels would discloser several ceramic fragments, consistent with the ancient pottery nature of the neighbourhood in which this building is found. Many of the ceramic fragments were consistent with common ceramic containers and cooking pottery, one of which with a logo stamp. Lead glazed pottery was consistent with both containers and large bowls. The faience fragments come manly from table use ceramics, such as small bowls, plates and platters, placed within a XVII century second half to XVIII century period. Besides the clay nature of the soils, a pottery trivets found at this site is also consistent with the ancient pottery nature of this neighbourhood.

"A intervenção arqueológica realizada no edifício conhecido como Casa do Infante (coordenada pelo Dr. Paulo Dordio Gomes e pelo Dr. Ricardo Teixeira), deu origem a estudos realizados nas mais diversas áreas. O nosso objectivo é aqui dar a conhecer alguns dos resultados preliminares da investigação produzida no âmbito da Faiança Portuguesa do século XVII. O propósito principal da pesquisa foi o aperfeiçoamento de uma tipologia baseada na experiência realizada por Steven Pendery em 1999. Para o efeito foram seleccionados alguns depósitos considerados exemplificativos: dois do primeiro terço do século XVII (depósitos 2 e 5) e outros dois da segunda metade do mesmo período (depósitos 3 e 6)."

In this archaeological intervention several rubble deposits and preserved structures would be found. Among this structures some would prove belonging to a pottery workshop. Some were related to an earth retaining wall, others to combustion structures. Under the combustion structures a few faience pieces were colected, attributed to the XVIII century, evidence that it souldn’t be older then this century.

In 2010 and 2011 three distinct Portuguese faience assemblages recovered in Salvador da Bahia (Brazil) were studied, from two sites (in the upper town) and one shipwreck. The land sites were excavated between 1998 and 2000, as part of a Town Hall’s project to modernize and revitalize a part of a colonial neighborhood, Praça da Sé, for the 450 year’s city commemorations. Among all of these constructions were the foundations and the churchyard of the Old Church (Sé), built after the arrival of Governor Thomé de Souza in 1549 and continuously changed until its demolition in the 1930s. This occurred during an urban reorganization and tram lines installation. A part of the Jesuit College, the Pátio dos Estudos Gerais, founded in 1549 and enlarged over the centuries until its partial demolition in the same 1930s urban project, also provided a faience collection.  The Galeão Sacramento wreck site (1668), was registered and part of its cargo recovered by Brazilian Navy with archaeological support between 1977 and 1982/83.
This paper aims to presents the results of the study of the churchyard assemblage analysis: its historical and archaeological context and the study of the faience assemblage.

Estudo sobre o "novo"  centro de olarias de Lisboa situado nas freguesia de Santos-o-Velho (Madragoa e Janelas Verdes), demonstrando o fabrico simultâneo de louça e azulejos, e o crescimento exponencial durante as primeiras décadas do século XVII, depois da instalação das primeiras unidades nos meados do século XVI.

Embora o "castelo branco" seja um símbolo identitário da cidade albicastrense, a maioria dos habitantes da capital da Beira Baixa, pouco ou nada sabe sobre a História de um monumento que marca de forma incontornável o passado e a paisagem da região.
Ao longo do século XX tiveram lugar diversos achados fortuitos, mas foi só nos anos 80 decorreram os primeiros trabalhos arqueológicos sistemáticos, na primeira intervenção do género organizada na cidade.  Foi também uma das primeiras em Portugal que teve como objetivo o estudo de contextos medievais e modernos, numa época em que esse tipo de investigação ainda não tinha começado a surgir na maior parte das cidades do país.
Volvidos quase 30 anos do fim dos trabalhos, a exposição agora organizada pretende dar a conhecer alguns dos achados mais significativos encontrados naquele local, tendo em conta a sua funcionalidade e os espaços quotidianos onde se inseriam.

Although the “white castle” is an identity symbol of the city where it was build, its history is totally unknown to most of the city’s residents.
During the 20th century there were some fortuitous findings, but it was only in the 1980’s that the archaeological excavations started in a systematical form. It was the first intervention of that kind in the city and one of first in Portugal to study medieval and modern contexts, when it had not happened yet in other Portuguese sites.
Almost thirty years after the end of the excavations, this exhibition wants to show some of the objects that were found, demonstrating their use and placing them in the everyday spaces where they belong.

Aunque el "castillo blanco" es un símbolo identitario de la ciudad albicastrense, la mayoría de los vecinos de la capital de la Beira Baixa poco o nada sabe acerca de la Historia de un monumento que marca de forma inevitable el pasado y el paisaje de la región.
A lo largo del siglo XX hubo una serie de hallazgos fortuitos, pero fue sólo en la década de 80 cuando tuvieron lugar los primeros trabajos arqueológicos sistemáticos, en lo que fue la primera intervención de esa clase organizada en la ciudad. Fueran también de los primeros trabajos arqueológicos en Portugal en tener como objectivo el estudio de contextos medievales y modernos, en una época en la que este tipo de investigación todavía no había empezado a surgir en la mayoría de las ciudades del país.
Casi treinta años después del final de las excavaciones, la exposición ahora organizada pretende dar a conocer algunos de los hallazgos más significativos realizados en ese lugar, teniendo en cuenta su funcionalidad y los espacios cotidianos en que se integraban.

Escavações arqueológicas realizadas em 1990, em Évora, na área ocupada pelo antigo convento dominicano de Santa Catarina de Sena revelaram, entre outras cerâmicas, um pequeno prato, com o cronograma de 1767. A peça, incluída na colecção de cerâmica do Museu de Évora, possui uma decoração muito simples, restrita a uma orla com o motivo de três contas, em azul e roxo de manganés. Com outras peças do Museu de Évora provenientes dos extintos conventos da cidade, é possível caracterizar o tipo de consumo e a produção de faiança comum, em Lisboa, na primeira metade do século XVIII.

Archaeological diggings made in 1990, in Évora, in the area occupied by the ancient Dominican convent of Santa Catarina de Sena revealed, among other pottery, a small dish, with the 1767 chronogram. The piece, included in the Évora Museum pottery collection, possesses a very simple decoration, restricted to a rim with a three bead motif, in blue and manganese purple. With other pieces of the Évora Museum from the city’s extinct convents, we can characterize the type of consumption and the production of normal faience, in Lisbon, in the first half of the 18th century.

The Machado de Castro National Museum faience collection contains 80 plates with decorations showing oriental influence and another 21 from the latter end of the 17th century, where this influence is completely absent. Various authors have been including these objects in chronologically organized typological groups, assuming an evolution of the decorative themes during the 17th century. Based on the classification initially proposed by Reynaldo dos Santos, but adjusting it in conformity to the more recent research, five cycles of development where defined where the existing plates belonging to the sixteen hundreds were grouped according to their different decorative motifs.
The study of this collection lead us to determine that to each decorative group/cycle corresponds an equal representation of specific motifs on the objects' underside. This practice that disappeared in the late 17th century was surely related to the observation of the motifs present on the undersides of the Chinese original porcelain.
In this review we attempt to introduce and expand on this subject, wishing to contribute to a broader study of the topic which has not yet been tackled satisfactorily.

A colecção de faiança do Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro inclui 80 pratos de decoração orientalizante e outros 21, dos finais do século XVII, onde esta influência está já completamente ausente. Vários autores têm vindo a integrar estes objectos em grupos tipológicos, ordenados cronologicamente, tendo como pressuposto uma evolução da temática decorativa ao longo do século XVII. Tendo em conta a classificação inicialmente proposta por Reynaldo dos Santos, mas com as adaptações que a investigação mais recente proporcionou, estabeleceram-se cinco ciclos evolutivos onde se agrupam os diferentes motivos decorativos presentes neste tipo de pratos seiscentistas.
A análise deste lote permitiu constatar que a cada grupo/ciclo decorativo corresponde igual representação de motivos específicos no tardoz das peças. Este costume, que estava certamente relacionado com a observação dos motivos presentes nos tardozes dos originais chineses, em porcelana, desaparece nos exemplares datados dos finais do século XVII.
Neste texto, procura-se apresentar e desenvolver esta matéria, esperando que possa ser um contributo para um estudo mais alargado desta temática que nunca foi satisfatoriamente abordada.

The archaeological actions carried out during the project of enlargement and renovation of the Machado de Castro National Museum (Coimbra, Portugal) enabled the identification, at the southern side of the building, of a set of Early Modern Era materials resulting from discharges of the old Episcopal Palace. These well stratified layers, allow an easy and reliable interpretation and represent four distinct deposition phases (between the 15th and late 16th centuries), as dated by the nearly 400 coins recovered.
Amongst these dumping layers we highlight the last one (ranging roughly between 1578 and 1592), it shows an unusually well preserved and abundant variety of ceramic portraying the palace`s table set in use after the middle 16th century. In conjunction with the predominant occurrence of coarse ware red pottery products, as well as minor amounts of imported items, there is a significant assortment of faience.
We intend to describe the morphologic, typological and decorative aspects of this collection which we believe may concur to enlighten the discussion concerning the first stanniferous glazed ceramic productions in Portugal, where Coimbra certainly played a relevant role.


As intervenções arqueológicas decorrentes do projecto de ampliação e remodelação do Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro (Coimbra, Portugal) permitiram identificar na ala sul do edifício um depósito de materiais modernos, fruto de descarte associado ao antigo Paço Episcopal. Estes contextos estratigráficos, de leitura clara e segura, integram-se em quatro momentos distintos de deposição (entre os séculos XV e XVI) tendo em conta a cronologia oferecida pelos cerca de 400 numismas recolhidos.
Entre estes níveis, destaca-se aqui a última fase de despejo (que terá ocorrido entre 1578 e 1592) cuja variedade, invulgar abundância e bom estado de conservação do espólio ceramológico fornecido retrata a baixela cerâmica do Paço, em utilização a partir de meados do século XVI. A par da presença maioritária de produções em barro vermelho de uso comum e mais residual das produções importadas encontra-se um conjunto significante de faiança.
Pretende-se neste texto expor os aspectos morfológicos, tipológicos e decorativos desta colecção de faiança que, face ao seu enquadramento cronológico, poderá contribuir para a discussão referente às primeiras produções em esmalte estanífero em Portugal, onde Coimbra teve certamente papel relevante.

The archaeological intervention, focusing a building at the 26th of Barão de Viamonte Street, Leiria, would reveal housing structures dating back to the jewish medieval quarter of this portuguese city. This structures corroborated the existence of two different small urban areas, separated by a street or alley meanwhile annulled by the construction that would convert the two areas into the present building. This two areas, arranged into narrow and deep rectangles accordingly to medieval urban standards, included two distinct houses, backyards, a well and most certainly a storage area with remains of food supplies pos. The configuration of those areas, and therefore of the street or alley between them, would also be shaped by a irremovable pile of stone rubble, originating on the nearby medieval castle’s hilltop. The two houses would grow both in hight and area during the Modern Ages. According to the archaeological remains, the building’s façade responsable for connecting the two preceding buildings would be erected only in contemporary times (probably in the early nineteenth century), annuling once and for all this forever vanished medieval street.

During this archaeological survey several diferent materials and structures were found, pointing to the ancient medieval neighbourhood of ‘Arrabalde da Ponte’, one of the first ones to emerge outside Leiria’s castle walls. Some masonry pieces for instance exhibit monumental characteristics, suggesting probable origin from the nearby vanished medieval church of São Tiago (Saint James). A cistern/well and habitational structures were also found, both medieval and modern, while others showed clear signs of continuous adaptation and use throughout medieval ages until present days. Signs of pottery workshops were also acknowledged, including clear evidences of attempted production of ‘ratinha’ ceramics, a XIX century faience, until know believed to be exclusively produced in Coimbra.

SEBASTIAN, Luís; CASTRO, Ana Sampaio e - A faiança portuguesa no Mosteiro de S. João de Tarouca: metodologia e resultados preliminares. In Al-Madan online-adenda electrónica [http://www.almadan.publ.pt]. Almada: Centro de Arqueologia de Almada. n.º 16, 2ª série. 2008, pp. 1-33.

The present paper concerns the study of a set of fragments of pottery uncovered during the 2005 excavation that took place in Largo de Jesus, Lisbon that was kept in the reserves of Centro de Arqueologia of Lisbon. We analysed some fragments of potter’s equipment used in the production of faience in Lisbon, as well as, a set of rejected fragments that had been referred in the archaeological report and in a paper written by Maria João Santos in 2007.
We took in analysis the possibility of the existence of a pottery in Largo de Jesus but, although some archaeological findings of combustion structure belonging to a ceramic kiln, were not feasible to confirm the existence of the pottery.
However, some conclusions can be put forward due to the study of some rejected fragments that confirmed the production of Lisbon faience during the 16th century and the 17th century, with special emphasis to glazed forms with white or blue over blue, majolic Berettino style, that were prior to the traditional Portuguese production of blue over blue.

Researched in 2010 and 2011, the Portuguese faience presented in this paper is part of a broader investigation concerning the presence of Portuguese faience in the city of Salvador da Bahia. Simultaneously to this shipwreck assemblage, two others assemblages were analyzed: a land site excavated between 1998 and 2000, as part of a Town Hall’s project to recuperate and revitalize a part of a colonial neighborhood, Praça da Sé, for the 450 year’s city commemorations. The other was a section of the Jesuit College, the Pátio dos Estudos Gerais, established in 1549 and enlarged over the centuries until partial demolition in the same urban project. This investigation was conducted by João Pedro Gomes (Gomes, 2012 and Gomes, 2013).
A part of this shipwreck assemblage was taken to the Espaço Cultural da Marinha, in Rio de Janeiro, after the recovering, and studied by Beatriz Bandeira (Bandeira, 2007). 
The shipwreck was found in 1977 and part of its cargo recovered by the Brazilian Navy with archaeological supervision between 1977 and 1982/83. It was identified as the Sacramento Galleon, a Companhia Geral do Comércio do Brasil vessell, the Portuguese commercial company, and wrecked off Bahia on  5th May 1668 (Neto, 1979, 215).
This paper aims to present the assemblage study, reuniting, for the first time, both assemblages from Museu Náutico da Bahia and Espaço Cultural da Marinha, and supported by some unpublished historical data and documentation that clarifies some misunderstandings repeated over the last years about the nature and the crew aboard the galleon.

SEBASTIAN, Luís - A faiança portuguesa no Mosteiro de S. João de Tarouca (Portugal): da União Ibérica à Reforma Pombalina. In Proceedings of the First International Conference of Portuguese Faience (16th-19th centuries). Lisboa: Instituto de Arqueologia e Paleociências da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. 2016, pp. 219-226.

The archaeological intervention executed in the building known as Casa do Infante (under coordination of Dr. Paulo Dordio Gomes and of Dr. Ricardo Teixeira), resulted in several studies that were a fundamental contribution to the better understanding of the 17th century Portuguese Faience in Oporto. In the sequence of this analysis, and based on the Steven Pendery experience (1999), we developed a decorative typology that we intend to be inclusive and adjustable to other archaeological contexts. Thus, the purpose of the current investigation was to verify its applicability to an excellent deposit of faience discovered during the construction of the subway station of Campo 24 de Agosto, included in the Oporto Metro system. This vast collection proceeds from the archaeological intervention near a water reservoir known as “Arca d’Água”, which existed in this place. The works were carried out in the year 2000, by Arqueohoje, Lda. (directed by Dr. Luís Filipe Coutinho Gomes and Dr. Alexandre Valinhas with the support of Dr.ª Iva Teles Botelho.

Archaeological excavations in Rua do Arsenal, in the Tagus River water front and close to Largo Corpo Santos uncovered several contexts from Early Modern Age and possible to date from the 16th to 18th century. Some of those contexts were related to the Casas Nobres do Infantado, presumably the home of Prince Pedro, future king Pedro II. Among those contexts there is a little cesspit [543], located in compartment 4. Inside this hole there were many material culture elements, mainly pottery, with a high conservation level. This paper aims to discuss the formation of that deposit as well as the use of those objects

The recent identification of ceramic imports from the
peninsular southwest of Spain, in the excavations of
Barcelona, allows us to make a first approach to the
study of these ceramic types in archaeological contexts
of modern times in Barcelona. We will pay attention
to Andalusian productions (transport jars, ceramics
for water and table service), as well as in Portuguese
productions (flooring, búcars) and in the analysis of the
commercial context in which we can frame them.