Program Specification

The purpose of this study was to examine the contrihution of community integration to quality of life (QOL) for people with disahilities who were the participants of community-based adaptive sport programs. Specifically, it was hypothesized that community integration contributes to ...

The aim of this work is to present the structure and the application of a decision support system (DSS) designed to help decision makers of a municipality in the development of incineration, disposal, treatment and recycling integrated programs. Specifically, within a MSW management system, several treatment plants and facilities can generally be found: separators, plants for production of refuse derived fuel (RDF), incinerators with energy recovery, plants for treatment of organic material, and sanitary landfills. The main goal of the DSS is to plan the MSW management, defining the refuse flows that have to be sent to recycling or to different treatment or disposal plants, and suggesting the optimal number, the kinds, and the localization of the plants that have to be active. The DSS is based on a decision model that requires the solution of a constrained non-linear optimization problem, where some decision variables are binary and other ones are continuous. The objective function ...

The Preparing Academics to Teach in Higher Education (PATHE) project was a three-year project funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC). The project‟s main aim was to produce a framework for foundations of university teaching programs. Specific objectives of the project included the promotion of sector-wide sharing of understandings of foundations programs, the generation of evidence-based information, the development of resources and models of successful practice, the identification of areas for further development, and a contribution to the scholarship of higher education teaching and learning. The project was well supported by the Australian higher education sector, primarily through the Foundations of University Teaching Colloquia, a network of foundations teachers who meet on an annual basis. The chosen methodology was a distributed model that involved 26 staff across 19 universities. Each of the four stages to the project has produced its own set of outcome...

This paper analyzes the growing impact of English in German higher education. The analysis addresses the issues of higher education policy and practice, focusing on the discrepancies across these areas with respect to English use. The first part of the paper examines policy initiatives on the European Union (EU), federal, and institutional levels that reveal the lack of an explicit language policy. This is contrasted with an analysis of administrative measures that in fact are paving the way for the expanded functional range for English, such as the establishment of new degree programs specifically designated as auslandsorientiert or internationally oriented. The examination includes a closer look at the impact of English at one German institution, the Freie Universität Berlin (FUB). Finally, the paper addresses some of the political, financial and educational issues to be considered as a consequence of the expanding role of English in higher education.

In this paper a new way for designing and analyzing the PWM based converters is presented. Frequency domain analysis is used for performance evaluation and signals are reconstructed into the time domain wherever necessary. Frequency domain analysis does not need any initial conditions and directly determines the steady state solution. A specific case study of STATCOM is presented in this paper with step by step design and analysis for commercially available power devices. The analysis program is modular and can be easily adapted for various applications. MATLAB is used for the computation. Using the output of the program specifications for various components can be generated

Assume that a real-time programP T consisting of a number of parallel processes is executed on a system having a setPr of processors which are shared between the processes by a real-time schedulerS T. Assume that PT must meet some timing deadlines. We show that such an implementation ofP T can be represented as a transformationL(P T) and that the deadlines ofP T will be met if they are satisfied by the timing properties of the transformed program. The condition for feasibility of a real-time program executed under a scheduler is formalized and rules are provided for verification. The schedulerS T can be specifiedgenerically and applied to different programs, making it unnecessary to introduce low-level operations such as scheduling primitives into the programming language. Thus real-time program specification and Schedulability can be considered in the same framework and the timing properties of a program can be determined at the specification level. By separating the specification of the scheduler from that of the program, the feasibility of an implementation can be proved by considering a scheduling policy rather than its implementation details.

In recent years, governmental and nongovernmental organizations in many low-income countries have introduced credit programs targeted to the poor. Many of these programs specifically target the poor on the premise that they are more likely to be credit constrained and have restricted access to the wage labour market. Though participation is by choice, little is known about the role of credit on welfare. The purpose of this study was then to assess the role of credit service on welfare of the microfinance clients. It was also to enable the microfinance institutions assess if they are achieving the intended objectives of their program. The study area was Bomet District and the sample was drawn from Mulot and Silibwet “village banks”. A sample of 125 “village bank” members was selected, out of which 91 had used the credit service and the other 34 had not. Primary data on the selected respondents were collected using a structured interview schedule and secondary data were obtained from ...

The objective of exercise in the treatment of osteoporosis is to improve axial stability through improvement of muscle strength. Therefore, a back extension exercise program specific to one's musculoskeletal competence and pain can be performed in a sitting position and later advanced to the prone position. When fragility is resolved, back extension is performed against resistance applied to the upper back. To decrease pain and immobility in acute vertebral fracture, use of spinal orthoses become inevitable. Therapeutic exercise should address osteoporosis-related deformities of axial posture, which can increase risk of fall and fracture. Strengthening of the major appendicular muscles decreases fragility. The effect of strengthening exercise is augmented by proper intake of cholecalciferol and calcium. Thus, the role of a therapeutic exercise program is to increase muscle strength safely, decrease immobility-related complications, and prevent fall and fracture. As with pharmaco...

The authors examine the various communities of practice that were formed throughout a teacher development project that included a formal mentoring component. The authors describe a theoretical approach to understanding learning in communities of practice and present an approach ...

There is increasing concern over disengagement of teacher candidates during on‐campus periods of pre‐service programs due to the perceived disconnect between educational theory and practice. In response, teacher education has been called to engage candidates in praxis ...