Quality of Bottled Water

The rapid growth in consumption of bottled water across the globe has drawn attention of policy makers and academicians alike. However, its consumption practices have been examined primarily in the context of industrialized countries. Drawing on studies of Science, Technology and Society, Public Understanding of Science, and institutions, this article explores the nuances of the consumption conundrum of bottled water in India. This mixed method study relies on data collected through surveys and ethnography of consumption practices at selected sites in Delhi. We find reasons for bottled water consumption to vary with the site of consumption. Although the notions of “purity” and “scarcity” drive consumption behavior, these attributes are far from being objective. Rather, they are shaped by a complex mix of sociocultural factors, public understanding of science, and trust on various institutional mechanisms of water provisioning.

Many people in Zambia and the world over perceive bottled water as safe for consumption. However, studies indicate that not all bottled water is up to standards. This study aimed at assessing the bacteriological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Lusaka and level of compliance to standards by water bottling companies of Lusaka district. Fourteen brands of bottled water were sampled from companies and on the market (supermarkets, grocery shops and distribution centres). A total of 56 bottled water samples were collected and tested for total and faecal coliform using membrane filtration technique. The study revealed 8.9% of samples positive for both faecal and total coliforms. Contamination levels ranged from two coliform forming units (cfu) to too numerous to count (TNTC) and nine cfu to TNTC for faecal and total coliforms respectively. The majority of the samples that tested positive were from the market representing 7.1%. The study revealed that not all water sold in Lusaka district was of good quality. This is an indication of the risk related to consumption of bottled water and calls for attention.

Bottled water emerged as a global phenomenon in the 1970s and has offered an alternative to tap water. In Czech Republic, consumers were used to drinking tap water on a daily basis as there was almost no bottled water on the market prior to 1989. Now, the country has an annual consumption of bottled water around 60 litres per capita. This master thesis looks at the controversy of tap versus bottled water and finds that bottled water may not make sense from an evironmental and financial point of view, but offers consumers a compelling story and convenience. I have selected a small Central Bohemian town of Říčany u Prahy for a backcasting case study for sustainable hydration. The main findings are that tap water can be better promoted if remunicipalised and available outdoors via drinking fountains. In a blind-tasting experiment, 85% of people couldn’t tell the difference between tap water, bottled spring water, and bottled drinking water. Moreover, 70% of people gave tap water the same or better grade for taste. Awareness about the environmental and social dimension of bottled water is necessary to reach a defined vision for sustainable hydration.

People in Pakistan are increasingly becoming health conscious and this is one of the reason for healthy growth of mineral water industry in Pakistan in very short time span. This research explored the consumer response on quality, pricing and logistics with respect to mineral water industry; the research investigated consumer response on the basis of different demographic, psychographic and socio-economic factors. The main purpose of the study was to determine the role of logistics (which includes accessibility, packaging, handling convenience and transportation) in increased sale / growth of any particular mineral water company. And the researcher also wanted to compute if there are some visible signs of customers brand switching just on the basis of excellent logistical services. To calculate the best results, cousumers who use mineral water were targeted and the procedure adopted to extract the relative data out of these respondents was set to be a survey questionnaire. The extracted data was then processed under one sample T test computation on SPSS and the results derived explained that the consumer’s characteristics does have an impact on consumer’s response towards pricing, quality and logistics. However, the research could not find any strong evidence of brand switching due to excellent logistical services without keeping the price constant and same is the result for any augmentation in growth of any mineral water company.

“Science-based” standards are an integral part of modern regulatory systems. Studies on “public understanding of science” mostly focus on high technology areas in advanced economies. In contrast, the present study analyses the public understanding of regulation in the context of standard-setting for bottled water quality in India. Using primary data, the econometric models of this paper show that public understanding of participation in regulation depends on awareness of, and trust in, existing regulatory practices in a complex, non-linear manner. In this light, the paper argues that “deficit model” and “dialogue model” frameworks cannot be seen as two mutually exclusive frameworks of analyses.

The experimental study focused to improve the rate of heat transfer between water
and basin solar still that leads to improving the productivity of solar distillate by increase
the basin absorber by adding the black stones and iron filings on the basis of
the study compares between the conventional solar stil
stones and third one black stone covered with iron filings. The Study was done at water
depth (30mm). Its observed that maximum productivity was at solar
covered with iron filings and it increase the productivity 20.75% at 30mm depth

Containers In addition, the National Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility recently an nounced that the association has invented a new type of bar code, which can replace t he bar code is now widely used. This set of dots is composed of a number of black do ts on a white background to form a regular pattern. The dot code can provide up to 4 00 letters of information, so theoretically can greatly exceed the existing bar code contai ns the product information. The American Association of Medical Device Manufacturers in tends to use dot codes for the packaging of medical device products. Pesticide in its form has two kinds of solid and liquid, which can be divided into liquid liquid agent, rubber suspension agent and EC. The nature of the pesticide to understand the people know that, in general, ordinary pol yethylene (PE) plastic bottles can be used to fill the water and some of the plastic susp ension agent, but can not be used as EC pesticide packaging. Or organic solvents in EC pesticides through the plastic bottle wall of the molecular gap in the penetration of esca pe, which by weightlessness by the relevant state agencies investigated. Therefore, such plastic bottles in the EC application of pesticide packaging rarely. Another type of plastic bottle that is polyester (PET) bottle situation is different. It is a barrier to some organic solvents, so it is not only widely used in water, plastic suspensi on agent of pesticide packaging, but also applied to some EC pesticide packaging. Howev er, this material has some significant drawbacks. First of its water does not have enough barrier effect, with its packaged EC pesticide products often easy to absorb moisture in the environment and lead to pesticide decomposition failure, March 1, 2001 from the n ew revision of the implementation of the national standard "pesticide EC packaging "In t his regard specifically made the relevant restrictions. Second, the polyester bottles and s ome pesticides or additives will produce miscible, the bottle will become soft, deformatio n and so on. More typical varieties of "dimethoate", "dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvent" and so on.

In present contribution seasonal changes and linear correlation of groundwater quality in Hipparagi Irrigation Command area of Karnataka have been studied. Groundwater at Hipparagi irrigation command area showed changes in physicochemical characteristics during pre- and post- monsoon seasons. pH was increased from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline due to dilution effect during post-monsoon season. The highest sulphate content was recorded during pre-monsoon season and significantly decreased during post- monsoon season in bore well samples. Phosphate content decreased significantly from pre-monsoon season to post monsoon season. Nitrates content increased from pre-monsoon to post-monsoon season. The average value of fluorides recorded during pre- monsoon is 0.4 mg/l n bore wells and 0.5 mg/l in open wells and decreased during post-monsoon season. Chlorides content increased during post-monsoon season. The COD increased from pre-monsoon to post-monsoon season. Highly positive correlation was observed between total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity and between the estimated and measured total dissolved solids. The distribution of total hardness, Mg2+, SO4
2- and Cl- were significantly correlated with electrical conductivity, and the distribution of electrical conductivity, sulphates, total hardness, Mg2+ and Cl- were significantly correlated with total dissolved solids, and total hardness and Cl- with Mg2+ (R>0.6). SO4 2- is correlated with Cl- (R = 0.724). F negatively correlated with NO3- and total alkalinity. The distribution of total hardness, Mg2+ and Cl- is significantly correlated with Ca2+. Cl- is significantly correlated with total hardness (R=0.685).

The main aim of this study is to check the suitability of the water for domestic and drinking purpose. A systematic study has been carried out to assess the water quality index of Wainganga river, at different locations. In present study, the physico-chemical parameters of the Wainganga river at Chhapara, in Seoni district of Madhya pradesh state studied for the five locations which use for the different purposes like bathing ,farming, pooja, washing, etc. In the present paper, water quality index (WQI) was estimated for the River Wainganga to study the affects of the human activities to the bank of the river and river water. The study was directed toward the use of WQI to describe the level of pollution in the river for the locations. The study also identifies the critical pollutants affecting the river water quality during its course through the village. The indices have been computed for five locations before the time of COVID-19 and the time of during COVID-19 in the river. The objective of WQI is to turn complex quality data into easily understandable and useable by the public. These samples are analyzed physico-chemical parameters like pH, Turbidity(NTU), Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L), Total Alkalinity (mg/L),Total Hardness (mg/L), Calcium Hardness (mg/L), Magnesium Hardness (mg/L), Iron (mg/L),Chloride (mg/L), Fluoride (mg/L), Sulphate (mg/L), were taken to assess the impact of pollutants due to anthropogenic activities .The results are compared with standards prescribed by WHO. Water quality of existing untreated and intermittent chemical & distribution of Chhapara village with special reference to suitability of water for drinking and domestic purposes. The practical approach shows its unsuitability for drinking without treatment.

The environmental footprints and life-cycle analyses of everyday products features prominently as an important study in the geographies of international supply chains and indeed economic geography in general. By collecting (and collating) data on bottled water such as the market price and place of manufacture, economists can draw inferences and conclusions about the economy,  twenty-first century society, as well as some of the possible motivations and implications behind buying into what can perhaps best be described as “bottlemania”. Central to the argument is that branded bottled water has come to serve as a status object just like an SUV or hip handbag.

Compared to glass bottles, PET bottles safe, hygienic, good resistance to moisture, oxygen and display functions, and lower cost. Some see light-type pesticides can also use colored PET bottles. At present, the PET bottles in the domestic production of pesticides.

If you're a PET bottle manufacturer, you're well aware that consumers are picky about their packaging. Aside from making a visually appealing PET bottle, the buyer should ensure that the PET bottle is safe to transport the items. This indicates that the containers' seals should be tightened to eliminate the possibility of product leaking. As a result, you can simply evaluate the integrity of PET bottles with the use of a Presto secure seal tester. This amazing testing equipment helps to measure the seal integrity of glass & plastics carbonated containers.


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This paper examines some of the key ways in which water is mediated by technology and human artifacts. I show how the modes in which we conceive and experience this vital fluid are affected deeply by the techniques and instruments we use to interact with it. I argue that a notion of the domestication of water enables us to better grasp our relations with the environment given that vast volumes of water are now neither completely natural nor artificial in the conventional senses of the terms. Instead, water is often filtered through an expansive technological network that not merely changes its flows and phenomenal forms but greatly alters or multiplies its meanings. As examples of this process, I investigate the practical engagement with water by the first Western philosopher; the construction of several large hydrological projects; efforts at river management in the aesthetic landscape; and the emergence of bottled water.

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48857252.pdf

Transformational Groundwater Exploration (TGE) identifies, precisely locates, and develops large volumes of previously undiscovered and renewable groundwater resources. These groundwater resources are not recognized nor fully accounted for in the water balance equation. As a result, these resources are largely overlooked when seeking solutions to local and regional water supply issues.

The Edification of a Common European Market of Bottled Waters. Issues, Actors and Progress of the Negotiations Related to Regulation 80/777 on Bottled Water, 1950s to 1980s

Bottled water has become since the late 1980s a symbol of mass consumption society by spreading across all continents. This typically European product had its first developments in very different regulation contexts. After the Treaty of Rome, the European Communities, with the goal of breaking down non-tariff barriers, wanted to converge regulatory systems of many products, including bottled water. This article, by returning to the issues, actors, the progress and the results of the harmonization of the regulation of mineral water aims to show that the standards do not impose themselves, but are the result of power struggles involving a multiplicity of actors and institutions. The CE standard was without a doubt one of the reasons for the success of the product "mineral water" in the years that followed. Institutions involved in the control system inspired trust in the product.