RURAL-URBAN FRINGE

De Amsterdamse stadsdelen West en Nieuw-West werken samen aan de ontwikkeling van de Brettenzone, het gebied tussen de Haarlemmerpoort en Halfweg, ten noorden van de Haarlemmertrekvaart. De afdeling Landschap van de Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed heeft op verzoek van de beide stadsdelen een landschapsbiografie van het gebied opgesteld, in de vorm van een historische atlas. Hierbij werd samengewerkt met het Stadsarchief Amsterdam. Deze is onlangs in boekvorm verschenen. Het ontwerpbureau Löhmann’s Architecture - Urban & Industrial Design heeft op basis van de onderzoeksresultaten een toekomstvisie opgesteld, die als leidraad kan dienen voor ingrepen in het gebied. Het project Biografie van de Brettenzone wil daarnaast een bijdrage leveren aan de ontwikkeling van de methodiek waarmee de problematiek van andere stadsrandzones kan worden benaderd.

That talk is never disinterested complicates the relationship between the environment and the claims people make about it. Talk about place, and one's self in it, is particularly complex when the environment poses risk or is otherwise problematized. This study, a secondary analysis of interview data, seeks to extend discursive work on place-identity by examining the ways in which 14 residents of a small English village talk about themselves and their locale. The locale accommodates an active quarry, and many residents had lodged complaints to the quarry about dust, noise and vibrations from blasting. Attention to the interactional context of the interviews illustrates the ways in which (simply) interviewing people about their locale can threaten self- and place-identity. When asked about life in the village, interviewees oriented to two main dilemmas in protecting self- and place-identity: (1) how to justify continued residence in a challenging environment and (2) how to complain about the locale whilst maintaining positive place-identity. Discursive responses to these dilemmas drew upon typical identity processes, such as self- and place distinctiveness and the formulation of out-groups, as well as upon constructions of localized power-sharing and morally obligated tolerance of risk. We suggest that research on problematical places, and of environmental risk, needs to be sensitized to how it may constitute a threat to self- and place-identity, and how this may mediate formulations self and place, as well as of environmental risk.

When the western civilization is slowly turning away from sprawl development and researching the potential of reinventing the exiting city, the global south is still blindly following same route in the name of solving housing problem. Dhaka with the highest population density metropolitan area is a highly urbanized and searching alternative solution to house ever expanding population. Without proper assessment the government initiation to urbanize peripheral rural area to satellite township is causing not only socio-political tension but also massive spatial shift which is causing related urban problems including ecological imbalance and disappearance of agricultural lands. All these gigantic master plan projects completely neglects integration to existing morphology which leads to further isolation and fragmentation in these regions.
This paper analyzes the twenty yearlong “Purbachal Satellite Township” located in the north east fringe of Dhaka as a strategic spatial project. Investigating imperative elements such as Land acquisition policy and price dispute, relocation, rehabilitation and compensation reality, new Land use plan and lack of hierarchy in user groups, transformation of geology and negative environmental actions and lastly consideration to local issues; this paper aims to draw the flaws of copying western model of township development in the global south. How improper strategic spatial planning by both Government and Private Sector Township is redefining the periphery of Dhaka city by pushing the rural settlements and natural tissues to extinction has been critically illustrated.

Vietnam is currently experiencing one of the most intensive urban transitions in the world. Over the next 25 years, its cities and towns are expected to grow at an average rate of 6% per year, increasing the national share of Vietnam’s urban population from
one-third to one-half (MoC 2009). As the nation’s capital city and second largest agglomeration after Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi is one of the key sites of this urban transition. This paper explores the various issues that this swift transition creates and how the local authorities are currently coping with rising demands for infrastructure, social services, housing, environmental controls, and public amenities.The first section provides a contextual background on Hanoi, sketching a portrait of its history, territory, population, and economy. The subsequent sections describe problems and initiatives taken in five urban planning areas: heritage preservation, public space, transportation, housing production, and peri-urban integration. Existing conditions in each of the areas along with the mechanisms proposed by planning authorities and other stakeholders to cope with emerging issues are presented. The report concludes by identifying areas in need of further research

Kolkata is a metro city located at the eastern side of India
which was previously under the British ruler till 1912. But
the noticeable fact is that though it is a colonial city but it
has no proper master plan like the other major cities of
India. So Kolkata city has grown in a haphazard way
besides of the river Hooghly. Kolkata city is now growing
towards south direction as it can be seen from the analysis
of the satellite images. Maheshtala Municipality plays a
leading role in this southward growth of city. This paper
attempts to scrutinize the nature of demographic change
of Maheshtala Municipality from 2001-2011 present land
use pattern of this area with its changing land price. To
visualize and analyze the land use pattern of this
municipality Erdas Imagine 14 software has been used. To
scrutinize the evaluation of land price of 2000, 2005 and
2015 Price Index Techniques (PIT) have been used. This
study reveals that accessibility from the other areas; lots
of open space and relatively low price of land are the
major causes behind the rapid growth and development of
this municipality.

INTRoDUccIóN El proyecto para superar el rezago en que se encontraba el Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México (AICM), reubicándolo físicamente en un lugar distinto al de la capital del país, al oriente del Estado de México, que favorecía economía de tiempo y dinero en su construcción, además de una localización estratégica, 1 se empalmó con las en este artículo se analizan objetivos, recursos y aprovechamiento del escenario, usados por el gobierno así como por el movimiento social de San Salvador Atenco, como algunas de las causas que explican, en el contexto de la desocialización, el fracaso por reubicar la terminal aérea en la región de Texcoco. El estudio se basa en un enfoque cualitativo. Se observa la incapacidad del gobierno para actuar, en un contexto de grandes transformaciones, que lo orillaron a cancelar el proyecto aeroportuario. ABSTRAcT This article discusses the objectives, resource and exploitation of the stage, used by government and by social movements in San Salvador Atenco, as some of the causes that explain, in the context of desocialization, the failure to relocate the airport in the Texcoco region. The study is based on a qualitative approach. It notes the government's inability to act in a context of great changes, which drove him to cancel the airport project.

Neoliberalizmin etkisindeki tüm gelişmekte olan ülkeler gibi, ülkemizde de çevre gündemi çok boyutlu ve çetrefilli süregeliyor. Çevre mücadelelerinden şaibeli ÇED raporlarına, davalardan torba yasalara, 2-B orman arazilerinden delik deşik edilen Mera Yasası’na, koruma statüsü düşürülüp tabiat parkına dönüştürülen milli parklardan yanan ormanlara... Ne yazık ki ülkemizdeki genel algı göstermektedir ki çevre bir manzaradan, bir bakı noktasından ya da bir rant kaynağından öteye geçemiyor. Yani, ancak bir amaca hizmet ediyorsa bir önemi var. Sayısız bilimsel araştırma, seminer, haber, direniş, change.org kampanyaları ve kamuoyu oluşturma çabalarına rağmen bugüne kadar, birkaç bireysel başarı haricinde, yönetsel bir reform başarıyla gerçekleştirilemedi. Bu yazıda irdelenen kır-kent çeperleri çevresel kaynakların bir rant aracı olarak kullanılmasına karşı, doğa odaklı bir kentleşme modeli olarak görülebilir.

Australia is a settler society where the rural-urban fringe of the major cities and regional centres is a contestable stage. There are a range of actors who compete in place making processes reshaping the cultural landscape when there is collision over the ownership of space and the dominant narrative. This paper examines the proposition that Sydney's urban growth has created a zone of conflict on the city's metropolitan frontier between cultural heritage and the interests of development. In recent years Sydney's rural-urban fringe has encroached on the village boundaries of Menangle where there has been a collision between the expectation and aspirations of villagers and a local land developer. Village activism has sought to defend a landscape aesthetic created by settler colonialism in the face of neo-liberal capitalist forces intent on reshaping place. The former enclosed estate village of Menangle, once the province of the Macarthur family on their colonial estate of Camden Park, is being engulfed by the octopus that is Sydney's urban sprawl. State sponsored urban planning processes have threatened the villagers' community identity and a sense of place in the name of progress and development. Local government has limited capacity to negotiate in a landscape where a battle over cultural values has produced winners and losers as the colonial frontier did over 200 years ago.

The rural-urban fringe is a dynamic frontier, an ever expanding zone of transition on the edges of Australia’s major cities and regional centres. This paper examines the proposition that Sydney’s urban growth has pushed the city’s rural-urban fringe into the countryside and unleashed the contested nature of place-making in and around the country town of Camden. It will be maintained that the dynamic forces that characterise the rural-urban frontier have resulted a collision between the desires and aspirations of ‘locals’ and ‘outsiders’ and prompted a crisis in the identity of place. Community icons and rituals have become metaphors for the continuity of values and traditions that are embedded in the landscapes of place. The actors have used history and heritage, assisted by geography and aesthetics, to produce a narrative that aims to preserve landscape identity, and has created a cultural myth based on a romantic notion of an idealised country town drawn from the past, ‘a country town idyll’.

As a result of the rapidly increasing population after the 19th century, intensive studies have been carried out on urban development and urbanization, and the development of the city has been approached by various disciplines in many different ways. One of these approaches is urban morphology. There are many and various concepts related to urban morphology; one of which is ‘urban fringe belt ’, that has been explored by urban morphologists and geographers since the 1960s; however, it is not a well-known concept in planning and design scales.
The urban fringe belts are the former urban peripheries which are embedded within the city during the urban growth. In contrast to densely constructed areas, fringe belts are the potential green areas, common spaces and public spaces. Urban fringe belts are frequently the potential public spaces including open green areas, institutional areas and industrial heritage that are crucial for the urban memory. Urban fringe belts, which are frequently the urban heritages and ecological corridors are crucial in order to create buffer zones to protect the natural areas. However, due to the rapid population and the need for the new urban development areas, fringe belts are seen as the new development areas and exposed to alienation.
The urban fringe belt concept is crucial to understand the effects of the different planning approaches on their locations and functions and grasp the value that they contribute to the city. Urban fringe belts are an integral part of the urban ecological sustainability; thus, they need to be defined as an important component in planning practices in order to have a comprehensive city plan. Positioning the urban fringe belt concept as a common green belt policy within the Green Infrastructure strategies is crucial in order to sustain the fringe belt characteristics, biodiversity and ecological sustainability. Fringe belts are often important urban heritage features, urban ecological corridors and places for less constrained movement by urban populations, which also provides the qualifications of the Green Infrastructure strategies.

The shift towards an urbanised world is generating profound social, economic, and environmental complexities. Agglomerating regions require new understandings to capture the socio-spatial restructuring of this planetary urbanisation. In China, top-down rural urbanisation policies such as the Characteristic Town, or tese xiaozhen, address urban-rural polarisation through a ‘one-town-one-characteristic-industry’ model aiming to generate localised rural economic development. Characteristic Towns have been criticised as only superficially addressing local challenges, imposing tabula-rasa developments that extend urbanisation into rural areas, excluding vulnerable groups. Within the mega-urban Yangtze River Delta corridor, the Smart Moulding Town in Huangyan-Taizhou’s hinterland is leading regional industrial upgrading processes, epitomising visions of politicians, planners, and developers. The urban-rural interface is undergoing a fragmented transition towards industrialisation while villagers adapt their local economies and everyday practices, generating new socio-spatial typologies for dwelling. This inductive research reveals the role of villagers in shaping, and being shaped by, top-down rural urbanisation programs. The multi-scalar theoretical framework is structured around private, collective, and institutional layers of dwelling, interrogated through Lefebvre’s spatial production theory. Uncovering hybrid urban-rural qualities and actor networks, the empirical findings illustrate that villagers’ micro-scale tactics are deeply embedded in trans-local industrialisation processes, redefining rural identities and defying top-down spatial compartmentalisation by negotiating informality.

In Kinshasa's phonie houses, radio communication with distant regions within the country is made possible. The article provides an ethnographic description of social life in and around these contemporary phonie houses. An analysis of the management of phonie conversations, which usually take place in the presence of the radio operator and customers, who themselves often participate actively in the radio conversations, provides a deeper insight into how urban residents literally live with the village. This leads to an exploration of different "agents of interference" in Kinshasa's social landscape. These are social roles that bridge between different worlds, but often embody risk and danger. As a result, the emphasis in the analysis is primarily on interference, a technical and social experience familiar to many, not only in Kinshasa, but anywhere long-range connectivity is lived.

Peri-urban agriculture has preserved around central cities a land-use mosaic and contributes to the sustainable growth of metropolitan regions constituting green infrastructures, supplying urban markets, and improving social inclusion. The present study provides a quali-quantitative overview of peri-urban agriculture vis à vis urban expansion investigating the recent evolution of peri-urban farms (1988–2010) in Toulouse, the fourth largest metropolitan region in France. Socioeconomic dynamics in the study area, are representative of latent spatial and functional relationships between urban growth and peri-urban agriculture in contemporary European cities. Two complementary approaches were developed (i) identifying and analysing socioeconomic and environmental indicators that characterize changes over time in peri-urban agriculture by linking urban expansion with the evolution of fringe land-use; and (ii) carrying out a qualitative survey on a sample of farmers with the aim to relate farms' evolution strategies and land-use dynamics. Results of the present study indicate that urban expansion affects the characteristics of peri-urban farms, altering economic size, crop productions and social characteristics of farmers, and widening the spatial divide between large enterprises located in the peri-urban periphery and smaller farms in the immediate surroundings of urban areas. The qualitative survey investigates farmers' strategies to maintain their business in peri-urban areas. By recognizing that structural and functional characteristics of urban growth are interpretative keys to identify sustainable land management strategies, the role of peri-urban agriculture is finally outlined according to the empirical evidence from different socioeconomic contexts in the study area.

This blog article is based on Riverfront development projects are gaining momentum all over India after the path setting feat of Sabarmati Riverfront project (SRP) in Ahmedabad, which is considered as the so called pioneer city in urban transformation. Kharun Riverfront Development Project (KRDP) was initiated by the Government of Chhattisgarh (GoCG) in association with Raipur Development Authority (RDA) on lines of SRP in early 2015. It is primarily and largely meant for recreational, housing, tourism and ecological purposes, as conceded by the authorities. However, conflict over KRDP raised serious questions about riverfront projects in India. Conflict over Kharun Riverfront Development Project (KRDP) near Raipur city, started conceiving when the consultancy firm WAPCOS, which was appointed to do the preliminary feasibility assessment for the project, had begun its survey between mid and late 2015. Survey of villages upstream of Mahadev Ghat, which was out of purview of proposed area, became another immediate reason for emergence of the conflict. Some Gram Panchayats were informed about the survey while some weren't. Series of protests began in Amleshwar, Bhothali and Khudmuda villages, situated in Durg district, in early 2016. Protests involved Gheraos, Jal Satyagraha, FIR, marches and sloganeering. 1 People from affected villages, mostly land owning farmers, and otherwise, were mobilised under the banner of a Chhattisgarh based Civil Society Organisation named, Rashtriya Kisan Kranti Morcha headed by Priya Sharan Tripathi. The conflict was covered by print and electronic media at regional level. In late January 2016, as protests intensified, the Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh, Raman Singh, assured in one of the zero hours of the state's legislative assembly, that the government won't acquire private land; the project will only be developed on government owned lands. This assurance dissipated the protests. However, when I interviewed Chhattisgarh's Minister for Environment and Housing, Rajesh Munat, he conceded that the government is strongly willing to proceed with the project, as it is important for Raipur city and Kharun River. Presently, the project is suspended because the plan for formation of SADA has been scrapped. 1 A Gherao is a way of protesting where protestors encircle buildings or individual(s) and protest by sloganeering; putting forth their arguments and demands and giving ultimatum for demands at times.

The continued provision of ecosystem goods and services (EG&S) is vital to the achievement of the Sustainable Development goals (SDGs) agreed by the UN and to the welfare of the global population. This SI will canvass opinion about and explore barriers to achieving this outcome.
this is an open invitation to submit a  paper to this Special issue see the webpage for more detail
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/land/special_issues
/Ecosystem_Services_in_Land
Ecosystem services are much studied and there is growing interest in the future global trends in population pressure, demographics (like mass migration and aging), climate change, economics, geopolitics, the UN SDGs. We are interested in projecting current trajectories into the future past 2030 past 2050. We see that continued provisioning of ecosystems goods and services will become an enormous challenge. We invite people with views and ideas about these matters to join us and contribute to the Special Issue of Land.

Soils have been the basis of our food supply since the dawn of agriculture; they also provide other “free” ecosystem services such as regulating water and nutrient availability, and are the largest single store of terrestrial carbon, regulating the climate. In the past, as soils came under pressure from nutrient depletion, erosion, and/or salinity accumulation, farmers moved on or invested effort to restore productivity to the extent that income from this could profitably cover the cost of the desired food and fiber etc., but not the other “free” ecosystems services. It is now widely recognized that this practice of “moving on” is no longer realistically possible, and that additional investment is required to reverse the decline and other unfunded ecosystem services, collectively referred to as ecosystem goods and services (EG&S).

There are a number of market failures here that are addressed in this Special Issue of Land:

A poor capacity to connect markets for these other services (buyers of carbon and bio-diversity credits, etc.) to the land users who can produce them, and to monitor and account for the transactions to buyers to mediate supply.
The slow dissemination of knowledge of how these ecosystems services are monetized is also relevant to the production of ecosystem goods, food, and fiber, etc., and case studies of successful applications of relevant technology to many land users who might take them up.
A poor capacity to develop and successfully communicate policy incentives and market systems relevant to the socio-cultural and institutional circumstance of many areas where these might be produced, or their production increased.
Some discussion points that might generate a paper!

Describing the connections between marketable ecosystem goods; food and fiber etc. and the other “free” ecosystem services available in different land systems; arable dry and irrigated lands, dry pastures, grasslands, and arid lands mediated by livestock and other income sources, and conceptual ways to value these EG&S.
Describing successful case studies of activities to rehabilitate land for EG&S in different land systems.
Developing or reporting on institutional processes and incentives to plan, mobilize, and effectively monitor rehabilitation plans and resources from international to regional and local levels where action is to take place, in different socio-cultural and institutional circumstances. These could serve as a series of primers for interested international financial institutions, the private sector, and specialized ecosystem merchants.
Identifying and discussing key driving forces, trade-offs, and synergies of ecosystem services.
Discussing the vulnerability of ecosystem services provisioning to the spread of urbanization.
Check https://www.mdpi.com/journal/land/special_issues/Ecosystem_Services_in_Land

The inhabited environment is crucial to global challenges. Although the humanities enrich our understanding of how human beings adapt their environment, they are underrepresented in global development debates. As the availability of digital data and technology rapidly grows, the opportunities to directly relate humanities research to the social and environmental sciences improves. Notably, in tropical archaeology, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is causing a 'revolution' by revealing huge swaths of urban landscapes. This new data source and the perspectives it affords, are changing the role and relevance of (historical) humanities knowledge in relation to global development. The Digital Humanities (DH) and Geohumanities are emergent fields with increasing resources. They invite exploration of how to harness and nurture interdisciplinary and comparative contributions. By embracing new digital data sources, acquisition, and manipulation techniques, Digital Humanities have the potential to contextualise and inform how current developmental practice is shaping socio-cultural inhabitation of the landscape.

This thesis aims to enhance the knowledge of urban development theory by refining current ways of analysing the urban form diachronically through an empirical analysis of how the urban form of Limassol evolved between 1883 and today. Through a review of key issues surrounding our understanding of the nature of cities, a theoretical framework largely based on Manuel DeLanda’s conceptualisation of cities as social assemblages is set. Such a framework implies a series of analytical requirements, which are matched by various methodological tools commonly used by different urban morphological or urban sociological approaches. The benefits of each of these are also reviewed and, based on the requirements of the theoretical framework a variety of tools are selected and combined. This approach aims to establish an effective way of identifying the key processes that led to the emergence and transformation of Limassol.
Methodologically, the aim is to develop a multidisciplinary approach, which encompasses analytical elements from the social sciences along with those from urban studies; the focus being on the linkages between the physical and social spheres of the city. A key output of this study is a broad methodology for analysis, comprising different analytical tools which can be used individually for assessment of current or past urban forms, as well as proposed plans for redevelopments. It aims at devising a method which embeds the historical context as a core element to cities’ growth and change, has the capability of delivering an understanding of different scales and actors involved in the transformation of cities and of the interrelationship between different components.
The research focuses on the development of Limassol’s street network, built form and social characteristics by analysing historical and contemporary maps, social data and census records, in particular, the spatial distribution of social variables such as citizenship, social class and occupational status. The analysis is specifically concerned with key physical elements of the city and their properties, and key social characteristics and their spatial distribution. The inductive examination of social data from a spatial perspective, and the integration of different approaches from the social sciences and from urban morphology, enable the recognition of patterns and provide new insights into the interactions between the physical and human elements which lead to the growth and transformation of Limassol.
The key mechanisms operating in the emergence of Limassol and the formation of its contemporary characteristics are identified. While the findings are contextual to the case study presented in this thesis, some are found to be generalisable through comparison with existing evidence from previous studies of other cities. It is also expected that generalisation – with regards to the key processes that lead cities to display their common as well as their specific urban characteristics – can be further assessed in the future through the replication of the methodology proposed here.

III. Kentsel Morfoloji Sempozyumu, 5 Mayıs 2021 ODTU / METU Kentsel Morfolojide Pedagojik Çeşitlilik Oturumu ARCH 401 402 Istanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi 4. Sınıf Mimarlık Stüdyosu Deniz Çalış Kural ve Sinan Logie Grubu Öğrenci Projelerinden Seçki

Place is often made invisible in infrastructure siting conflicts; this seems particularly the case in the rural–urban
fringe and the in-between city. This paper analyses how collectives struggle to give place visibility in debates
over large fossil fuel infrastructure projects, in two cases of pipeline opposition. It then focuses on
mobilizations in urban peripheries, regarding which there is an enduring assumption of homogeneity in
place attachments and in motives for political engagement. Mobilizations in the peripheries of Montreal
(Canada) and Boston (USA) metropolitan areas are analysed in the challenges of arriving at a diverse ‘sense
of place’. The meanings of the pipeline threat among activists differ in the context of different relations to
place in everyday life and in former conflicts, which affect their shared discourses and individual encounters
– experiences of colonial urbanism, farmers’ relations with the land, practices of land conservation, as well
as relations with the state, grassroots and environmental organizations. Scholarship on the politics of place
and the work of Hannah Arendt are used to conceptualize the (trans)formation of political subjectivity
when struggling to give visibility to place, and to a diverse sense of place, in the urbanized society.

We analyze the role of landscape ideology in the recent Ontario Greater Golden Horseshoe (GGH) Greenbelt Plan. Focusing on the “Protected Countryside,” the major land-use designation in the Plan that structures the Greenbelt framework, we explore tensions between abstract ideals of countryside used by policy makers to elicit support for the Plan and people's lived experience of material landscapes of the peri-urban fringe. Approaching “countryside” from the combined perspectives of landscape studies and political ecology, we show how the abstract ideals used to build support for the protection of countryside in the high-level political arena are in tension with existing material landscapes as people experience them. When implementing the Greenbelt Plan, the abstract ideals have to be applied at the landscape level through negotiation with municipalities, property owners, and other interests. In addition to drawing upon more conventionally legitimate explanations for landscape protection based on environmental science and land-use planning principles, the designation of Protected Countryside and the strategies used to implement the Protected Countryside designation at the local level suggest a tentative commitment to recognizing landscape values and collaborative environmental management processes in policy-making. As with any such normative land-use plan, the success of the Greenbelt Plan hinges on the long-term agreement between planning agencies and diverse publics. We demonstrate the usefulness of approaching environmental management challenges at the urban–rural interface by bringing the perspectives of landscape studies and political ecology into implementation processes for land-use management strategies like the Greenbelt. We argue that public participants deserve legitimate collaborative roles in negotiating just and desirable land uses based on their experiences, and provide observations on ways to bring contested goals and tools for achieving them into reflexive negotiations about how landscapes are and should be produced.

1 City Hinterlands in European Space - Keith Hoggart
2 Diversity in the Rural Hinterlands of European Cities - Vincent Briquel and Jean-Jacques Collicard
3 Commuter Belt Turbulence in a Dynamic Region: The Case of the Munich City-Region - Claudia Kraemer
4 Residential Growth and Economic Polarization in the French Alps: The Prospects for Rural-Urban Cohesion - Nathalie Bertrand and Emmanuelle George-Marcelpoil
5 Urban Spread Effects and Rural Change in City Hinterlands: The Case of Two Andalusian Cities - Francisco Entrena
6 Tensions, Strains and Patterns of Concentration in England’s City-Regions - Steven Henderson
7 Convergence and Divergence in European City Hinterlands: A Cross-National Comparison - Keith Hoggart

The rural-urban fringe has often been conceived as a zone in transition: a space torn between its rural past and its urban future—a ‘phase’ rather than a place. Spatial planning has played an important part in consolidating this perception. An essential feature of planning has been to create single-purpose spaces, and therefore the fringe with its fragmented urban and rural characteristics has come to be seen as a transient stage, corresponding to what Marc Augé has identified as ‘non-places’. In recent years, scholars working in the fields of landscape studies, planning and geography have taken an intense interest in questions concerning the rural-urban fringe. Most of the scholars working on the theme have examined the fringe in the present-day context, and those few who have chosen a historical approach have usually focused on the last 60–70 years. However, the rural-urban fringe is not a new phenomenon. By using Helsinki as a case, this chapter examines the inner urban fringe as both a phase and a place from the early nineteenth century to the present day. The first aim of the chapter is to look at how the inner urban fringe was defined and redefined when Helsinki underwent urbanization, industrialization and de-industrialisation. In periods of urban growth, the urban fringe has always been subject to ambitious development projects, but in many cases these plans have been delayed, and many fringe areas have been left in a ‘state of waiting’ for years, even decades. The second key question of this chapter concerns what was happening in the inner urban fringe while awaiting such redevelopment, how its perception and meaning were continuously redefined and renegotiated, and how these developments ‘in the meantime’ influenced the later development of the fringe.

The paper examines a series of land releases by land developer Neil McLean on his farm St Elmo at Campbelltown between 1949 and 1961, which eventually formed a concentric ring around the old town centre. McLean was prescient in his understanding of the needs of Sydney’s growth well before the Cumberland County Council designated Campbelltown as a satellite city in 1960. His vision and foresight put into action what the founders of the county plan envisaged as part of Sydney’s metropolitan rural-urban fringe well before it happened on the city’s urban frontier.

Few urban landscapes are more dynamic than the urban fringes, the areas that function as a landscape interface between town and country, where urban and rural uses mix and often clash. Despite
their dynamism these areas are recognised as valuable, though often neglected assets, which can provide a high quality environment on the city doorstep. Not only do they have a diverse landscape with potential for biodiversity, often they also have a rich, hidden cultural history. With population growth and urban economic needs these areas deserve to be protected, or at least recognised in urban development plans.
The landscape biography tool can be used very effectively to integrate cultural history into the town planning by exploring the characteristics of these areas and connecting local inhabitants with their (partly unknown) past.
In this paper I will give an example of an urban landscape biography for the Brettenzone, a typical urban
fringe area in the west of Amsterdam, between the port of Amsterdam in the north and the western expansions of the city. Special attention will be given on the use of a historic cartographical GIS developed for this area. This new approach for integrating cultural history into the urban planning in city areas has been developed at the Landscape Department of the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands

Rural communities make up 20% of the American population yet receive less than 7% of governmental and foundation funding. In the arts, this gap can be attributed more to historic bias against rural artists and arts communities, as well as systematic distribution methods of funding and resources. By identifying barriers that exist within arts funding pipelines, solutions then can be explored for both the funders and underrepresented rural communities. Most of these solutions lie within the small arts organizations and the artists in those communities. Arts funders and institutions often employ a system of validation as a means to decide artistic excellence, likely unaware that these validators serve as a barrier to artists from rural communities. By looking at sector terminology, this paper will unpack the marginalization of rural communities, and actions that could resolve biases. The use of intermediaries and regional arts organizations to generate support, share knowledge, and cross local sectors locally will be examined. This paper examines all of these systems in order to identify ways to better serve rural communities, as an essential part of the art sector.

This paper investigates individual motives to migrate from districts in the National Capital Region to Metropolitan Delhi. Evidence from the District of Sonepat suggests that migration to Metropolitan Delhi is predominantly due to infrastructure, social and income disparities. Evidence suggests that male members are tasked with migrating to the city. Further, this paper investigates the impact of urban elements – such as education, urban landscape and law – on the rural population. I propose an explanation for migration based on my interactions with residents of the district. I further study the sociocultural impact on the local population using the interviews.

The Rural Urban Interfaces (RUI), are those areas in which vegetation and houses are in contact or intermingled. Vegetation constitutes the prerequisite for wildfire propagation and, given the high number of values exposed to risk, it is in RUI that the worst consequences of wildfires are recorded and that a wildfire risk assessment is particularly important. The present thesis is divided into two parts: - In the first one RUI are mapped and classified, and a characterization of the relation RUI – fire regime is performed. The study uses three operational definition of RUI and shows how the RUI area largely depends on the adopted definition. Although the maps obtained using various methodologies differs in identifying portions of the territory as RUI, all methodologies consistently recognise that inside RUI the ignition density is higher and the burned areas are smaller than elsewhere. A case study of diachronic mapping shows the utility of RUI mapping and classification for describ...