SOE

Makalah dengan judul “General Business Environment PT PLN (Persero) Unit Pembangkitan Jawa Bali – Analisa Faktor Eksternal Perusahaan Terhadap Bisnis Pembangkitan Tenaga Listrik” ini, merupakan proses scanning eksternal yang dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan, menganalisa, dan mensintesiskan faktor-faktor di luar unit bisnis/ organisasi yang berimplikasi terhadap pelaksanaan proses bisnisnya. Di antaranya yaitu: (1) Lingkungan Alam, (2) Lingkungan Budaya, (3) Lingkungan Politik Domestik, (4) Lingkungan Politik Internasional, (5) Lingkungan Sosial, (6) Lingkungan Teknologi Pemrosesan, (7) Lingkungan Demografi, (8) Lingkungan Pemerintah, (9) Lingkungan Moneter dan Fiskal, dan (10) Lingkungan Pembangunan Ekonomi. Dengan menganalisa hubungan imbal balik antara faktor-faktor eksternal di atas dan dampaknya terhadap kegiatan bisnis PLN UPJB, maka diharapkan akan didapatkan inisiatif strategis yang tepat dalam merespond peluang dan ancaman yang ada.

Setelah dilakukan analisa atas ke-sepuluh factor eksternal di atas, maka di dapatkan bahwa factor yang paling berpengaruh atas performa bisnis PLN UPJB yaitu:
1) Lingkungan Ekonomi,
2) Lingkungan Teknologi Pemrosesan (Processing Technology), dan
3) Lingkungan Alam (Natural Environment).

Selain itu juga telah diusulkan beberapa inisiatif strategis yang perlu diambil oleh PLN UPJB, di antaranya: (1) Penerapan Green Power Plant, (2) Peningkatan kompetensi organisasi dan penciptaan budaya kinerja tinggi, dan (3) Pengoptimalan kinerja dan biaya operasi dan pemeliharaan/ O&M pengelolaan aset pembangkit.

Kata kunci: General Business Environment, Peluang, Tantangan, Inisiatif Stratgis

From the beginning of European involvement in Africa and the Middle East to the present, working with indigenous irregular forces has been, and remains, an integral part of engagement in these regions. This article examines one aspect of this relationship: the command pathways that allowed these relationships to function. By comparing the command pathways of cases in Palestine Mandate and the Horn of Africa during the Second World War, the author explores the structures that led to success and shows the importance of such cooperation. He then applies the lessons gained to suggest a way forward for contemporary operations.

Sir Patrick Michael Leigh Fermor (1915-2011) -Paddy, para los amigos y fans incondicionales-, ha pasado a la Historia como un infatigable viajero, héroe de guerra y una de las mejores plumas en prosa de toda la literatura anglosajona, que no es poco.

State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) constitute a sizable part of the business life in many countries, where they often have a monopolistic market position on markets that are heavily influenced by politics. Thus, efficient and professional corporate governance practices are essential to ensure that these companies are controlled with best intension and for the right reasons. In this thesis the largest electricity producer in Iceland, Landsvirkjun (LV), is analysed from many perspectives to create a comprehensive overview of the company’s operations, its governance and the environment that it operates within. The focus of the analysis is LV´s environment, macro and micro environment, its financial condition and its corporate governance practices. Based on strategy and financial analysis a financial forecast is created from which LV´s equity value is then derived from. To analyse LV´s environment PEST analysis, Porter´s 5 forces and a SWOT analysis are applied. The environmental analysis concluded that even though the electricity market in Iceland is promising, its structure has several negative aspects. In order to analyse LV´s financial condition, financial ratios are applied and compared to LV´s peer group which includes four firms which were chosen after some consideration. From this analysis it is concluded that LV is financial condition is inferior to its peers. To estimate LV´s equity value two models are applied, these are the DCF model and the ReOI present value based models. From these two valuation models it is concluded that LV´s equity value is worth 1.7 billion USD, that is 10% over the reported value of equity. The analysis of LV´s corporate governance concluded that LV lacks a framework to operate within and that LV´s owners seem oblivious about the importance of good corporate governance practices.

Manuscript type: Review
Research Question/ Issue: Which forms of state control over corporations have emerged in countries that made a transition from centrally-planned to marked-based economies and what are their implications for corporate governance? We assess the literature on variation and evolution of state control in transition economies focusing on corporate governance of state-controlled firms. We highlight emerging trends and identify future research avenues.
Research Findings/ Insights: Based on our analysis of more than a hundred articles in leading management, finance and economics journals since 1989, we demonstrate how research on state control evolved from a polarized approach of public – private equity ownership comparison to studying a variety of constellations of state capitalism.
Theoretical/ Academic Implications: We identify theoretical perspectives that help us better understand benefits and costs associated with various forms of state control over firms. We encourage future studies to examine how context-specific factors determine the effect of state control on corporate governance.
Practitioner/ Policy Implications: Investors and policy-makers should consider under which conditions investing in state-affiliated firms generates superior returns.
Keywords: Corporate Governance; Transition Economies; State Capitalism; SOEs; Review; China; Russia

“Antitrust laws in general, and the Sherman Act in particular, are the Magna Charta of free enterprise. They are as important to the preservation of economic freedom and our free enterprise system as the Bill of Rights is to the protection of our fundamental
personal freedoms. And the freedom guaranteed each and every business, no matter how small, is the freedom to compete- to assert with vigour, imagination, devotion, and ingenuity whatever economic muscle it can muster.”

Staat und Markt. »Jeder nach seiner Fähigkeit, jedem nach seiner
Arbeitsleistung«. Wirtschaftsstrukturen und
Unternehmensformen im heutigen China. Von Vladimiro Giacché

In der Reihe »MASCH-Skripte« der Zeitschrift
Marxistische Blätter erscheint dieser Tage von
Vladimiro Giacché ein Essay unter dem Titel
»Wirtschaft und Eigentum – Staat und Markt im
heutigen China. Wir veröffentlichen daraus mit
freundlicher Genehmigung von Verlag und Autor
einen Auszug. Das Heft kann unter www.
neue-impulse-verlag.de bestellt werden. (jW)

The State-Owned Enterprises (SOE)(Company) are represent the concept of welfare state in Indonesia, which have been being the fundamental foundation to run the country. The genuine function of SOE are to become a private legal entitiy which get a capital from the state budget and have aim to obtain profits as many as possible, so that they can contribute and give positive impact toward to the inland revenue which can help the government to do national development and to create welfare for the citizens. Unfortunately, The SOE have a fundamental legal problem, that is the dualism of law. There are groups of regulations which have principle that SOE's assets are categorized as government's assets. But, in the other side, there are another groups of regulations which have a different principle that SOE's assets are categorized as company's assets. This dualism of law represents the improper logic of legal thinking and putting the Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises in interfering and crisis situation in the matter of seeking for more profits in order to create prosperity for the country.

This paper will give a brief overview of China's state owned enterprises (SOEs) including government owned banks, and their history. Problems in SOEs will be examined, such as mismanagement, government controls, unpaid loans, and corruption. A brief overview of China’s privately owned companies (POE) will also be given. The paper will go on to explain the various reform programs taken by the Chinese government to make the SOEs more competitive in the global markets. Stock exchange listing of SOEs, both inside and outside of China will be addressed. And finally, outbound investment by Chinese firms will be covered. In the conclusion, it will be noted that China’s SOEs are still a significant force, driving China’s internal economy, and a powerful tool which China can use to enter into foreign markets around the world.

Federasi Serikat Pekerja BUMN Bersatu pada tanggal 1 Juni hingga 10 Juni 2005 melakukan jajak pendapat terhadap Kinerja dan Tindakan Korporasi yang dilakukan oleh Menteri BUMN Rini Soemarno adapun jajak pendapat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan masukan pada presiden Joko Widodo untuk membandingkan laporan kinerja menteri BUMN yang baru saja disampaikan kepada Jokowi

Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models are known as a flexible tool for monetary policy
analysis. Nowadays this approach is becoming more popular for the analysis of fiscal policy impact on
economic development. There are few DSGE models of Russian economy with detailed fiscal sector. In
this study a simple DSGE model is developed and calibrated to evaluate the efficiency of fiscal stimulus.
In addition, the authors consider the impact of budget consolidation and public-private consumption
relationship on fiscal multipliers. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of multipliers to certain
parameters. The developed model will form the basis of further research within suggested framework.

"Στην ανακοίνωση αυτή, θα προσπαθήσουμε να παρουσιάσουμε τις βασικές γραμμές της βρετανικής πολιτικής στην Κρήτη όσον αφορά τις αντιστασιακές οργανώσεις και τις διαφορές με την αντίστοιχη πολιτική στην κυρίως Ελλάδα. Η βασική βρετανική υπηρεσία, η SOE, είχε διαφορετικό τομέα για την Κρήτη από εκείνον για την υπόλοιπη Ελλάδα. Επίσης, η γενικότερη βρετανική πολιτική για την Κρήτη είχε ως στόχο την προετοιμασία του εδάφους για μια ανακατάληψη του νησιού, στόχος που ματαιώθηκε με τη συμμαχική απόβαση στη Σικελία το καλοκαίρι του 1943 και την ακύρωση του βρετανικού σχεδιασμού για απόβαση στα Βαλκάνια.
Ο συνδυασμός των παραπάνω παραγόντων, μαζί με άλλους όπως η πυκνή κατοχή του νησιού, οδηγούσε τους Βρετανούς στην επιλογή του εξοπλισμού και ελέγχου περιορισμένου αριθμού ανταρτών για συγκεκριμένες ενέργειες και όχι την υποστήριξη μιας μαζικότερης ένοπλης αντιστασιακής δραστηριότητας. Αυτή η επιλογή με τη σειρά της επικαθόρισε -και δικαιολόγησε- τη διαφορετική στάση απέναντι στο ΕΑΜ, την εξαρχής εχθρική στάση απέναντί του και την υποστήριξη μικρών ελεγχόμενων ομάδων στελεχωμένων από αξιωματικούς. Η διαπίστωση των δυσκολιών συντονισμού τους, λόγω και των διενέξεων μεταξύ τους, οδήγησε στην επιλογή μιας πλήρους ελεγχόμενης παγκρήτιας οργανωτικής μορφής που μορφοποιήθηκε ως Εθνική Οργάνωση Κρήτης (ΕΟΚ)."

Part 4 of a book written by George Nikoloudis on SOE in occupied Greece (1941-45) (now out of print). Part 4 examines the short history of the failed British attempt to organize a secret submarine base in Antiparos and is followed by a list of abbreviations and the book's bibliography.

Part 2 of a book written by George Nikoloudis on SOE in occupied Greece (1941-45) (now out of print). Part 2 explains the collapse of Greece in 1941 and analyzes the beginnings of resistance in Athens; furthermore, it explains the conflicting aims of the Foreign Office and SOE in Greece and presents the major acts of sabotage that took place with British assistance.

概要
この論文は、3つのエレクトロニクス産業を対象に、中国の国有企業が競争中立的に行動しているのかを検証したものである。その作業のために、まずエアコン、テレビ、携帯電話の産業について需要関数を推計し、それぞれの市場のボリュームゾーンでの便益価格無差別曲線、企業ごとの便益価格供給曲線を描いた。この市場での競争的位置づけ（コスト優位戦略、便益優位戦略）の観察から、国有企業の市場中立性は市場によって大きくことなり多様であることがわかる。エアコンについては、所有と戦略の間には相関がなく、高い便益は高い価格をつけていたことがわかる。その一方で、テレビ、携帯電話市場では、国有、民営の地場企業はコスト優位戦略に集中し、外資系はすべての便益の範囲に供給している。そして、さらに、国有と民営が競合している範囲では、価格は便益の大小にかかわらず、独立して推移していることが分かった。ホテリングの差別化競争に、市場参加者の一方がソフトな予算制約に直面している場合、そのライバルは自分の価格に便益の高さを反映できなくなる状況が均衡となることが分かった。そして、両者の間の便益に大きな違いがないとき、市場全体の均衡価格は便益の大小と独立する。2000年代の中国のテレビ市場においては、国有企業のソフトな予算制約がコストより低い価格設定を可能にし、市場が便益を価格に反映できなくなっていた可能性がある。



Abstract


This paper attempts to identify competition neutrality of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in three consumer electronics industries in China. First, I draw a benefit-price indifference curve at the mode of consumer surplus for each year, and a benefit-price supply curve by manufacturers and ownership types based on the demand estimates for the color TV (CTV), mobile phone, and air conditioning industries in the 2000s. These exercises indicate heterogeneous situations of market neutrality of SOEs in the Chinese consumer electronics industries. The air conditioning market shows a clear positive relationship between benefit and price for all ownership types. At the same time, no clear correlation between ownership and strategies focusing on price or benefit is observed. On the other hand, SOEs and privately-owned enterprises (POEs) in CTV and mobile phone markets concentrate their products based on lower prices and lower benefit area, namely, cost advantage strategies. Ownership type and strategies appear to have a correlation. Furthermore, prices become independent to the level of benefit for local firms. These tendencies are clearly observed in the price-benefit supply curve of the two markets. A simple model of differentiated competition with one agent committing predatory pricing in expropriating soft financial constraint shows that the price set by the rivals of a soft constrained firm is independent to the benefit.


http://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/summary/15110020.html