Seoul

This study aimed to examine whether social capital (bonding and bridging social capital) attenuate the effect of low functional health literacy on health information resources, efficacy, and behaviors. In-person interviews were conducted with 1,000 residents in Seoul, Korea, in 2011. The authors found that respondents' functional health literacy had positive effects on the scope of health information sources and health information self-efficacy but not health information-seeking intention. Respondents' social capital had positive effects on the scope of health information sources, health information efficacy, and health information-seeking intention. The authors found (a) a significant moderation effect of bridging social capital on the relation between health literacy and health information self-efficacy and (b) a moderation effect of bonding social capital on the relation between health literacy and health information-seeking intention.

The Sustainable Biosphere recalled the balance to set up between autochthonous behaviours and orchestrated planning by the triumvirate of experts, political and civil society. In its period of rapid accession toward the global market, Korea temporarily ruled out the ethical resources that are the centres of its urbanity, weakening its ability to embrace the new forms of sociability in germ. Instability results in an escalation of international models transfer, adding problems to the illnesses formerly caused by the Western modernity.

The new regimes of historicity of environmental and urban citizen resistance inform us today how these are crucial factors of signs and warnings in the continual nature / culture adjustments of societies in transition.
The global phenomenon of diplomacy of territory (participation) that restores a ‘courteous’ relationship between various stakeholders and the environment is now at the agenda in Korea. "Landscape Council" and "Hybrid Forum" (Technical Democracy) allow to reinvigorate elements of Korean environmental ethics within new planning practices.
Initiatives introduced in Seoul area via projects like the Gyeongui Line, One Pyong Park and Bupyeong Cultural street demonstrate the audacity of a society fully mature and competent to deploy, as proposed by the Political Ecology, a suitable Ecosophy in the lights of the Post-City Era.


Keywords: Citizen Resistance; Ecosophy; Environmental Activism; Korea; Social Ecology

Essay on discussions on Wilhelm Tell and José Rizal's translation of Friedrich Schiller's drama at Korean universities: Encounters with Korean renditions of the Tell's story lead the way into the international, east- and south-east-asian network of republican thinkers at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century.

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Seoul Special City is a large metropolitan city with a central population of 10 million people; a number that grows to a total of 25 million, or 49.6 per cent of the whole population of South Korea, when including the residents of its surrounding satellite cities and towns.
We have conducted an analysis about Social Equity, Finance, Infrastructure, and Environmental aspects of the city.

The Metropolis of Manila has poor wastewater management practices which costs the economy around AUD$ 2 Billion per year, results in around a third of all recorded illnesses and has left the rivers biologically dead. However, with a change in wastewater management governance structure in 1997, steady improvements have been realised. Lately, a sewerage system implementation model for river rehabilitation based on a “river basin approach” is being implemented for the first time on a large scale. The implementation is part of a strategy to increase access to sewerage infrastruction, for roughly half of the Manila Metropolis population, from 3% in 1997 to 100% in 2018. The implementation has faced challenges associated with flooding, land availability, above average population growth rates and managing stakeholders. However the bulk of these challenges can be and are being engineered out or managed and the implementation is proceeding.

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The urban experiences of South Korea in times of its rapid urbanisation and economic growth show that wholesale redevelopment had been a dominant approach to urban renewal, leading to redevelopment-induced gentrification. This was led by a programme known as the Joint Redevelopment Programme, transforming urban space that was once dominated by informal settlements into high-rise commercial housing estates. This paper tries to explain how this approach was possible at city-wide scale in its capital city, Seoul. Through the examination of redevelopment processes in a case study neighbourhood, it puts forward three arguments. First, the development potential arising from the rent gap expansion through under-utilisation of dilapidated neighbourhoods provided material conditions for the sustained implementation of property-based redevelopment projects. Second, this paper critically examines the dynamics of socio-political relations among various property-based interests embedded in redevelopment neighbourhoods, and argues that external property-based interests have enabled the full exploitation of development opportunities at the expense of poor owner-occupiers and tenants. Third, South Korea had been noted for its strong developmental state with minimum attention to redistributive social policies. The Joint Redevelopment Programme in Seoul was effectively a market-oriented, profit-led renewal approach, in line with a national housing strategy that favoured increased housing production and home-ownership at the expense of local poor residents’ housing needs.

Ini adalah sekedar tuangan perasaan yang saya rasakan saat saya membuka lembar demi lembar yang terbagi sepanjang 32 bagian di dalam novel "Tamu Kota Seoul" karya Yustri Fajar. Terbit Desember 2019. Yang pasti, ada satu hal yang masih (dan mungkin akan terus) membikin saya terkekeh-kekeh bahkan saat menuangkan ini. Saya akhirnya tersadarkan bahwa nama panggilan saya adalah Musafir, sementara itu saya beristrikan seorang wanita nan fitri bernama Fitriyah. Jadi, jika Anda selama ini memanggil saya dengan sebutan "Pak Suray" maka Anda telah salah alamat, karena nama panggilan saya (mungkin seharusnya) adalah "Pak Musafir"!!! hehehe Bagaimana mungkin? Ouuu mungkin saja! Itulah perasaan (atau pengetahuan?) yang saya rasakan saat menyelami dunia Pak Jagat, seorang dosen tamu dari Indonesia yang ditugaskan mengajar Studies (HUFS) di kota Seoul. Simpelnya, Pak Jagat adalah salah satu tokoh di novel "Tamu Kota Seoul" itu. Lho, HUFS kan kampus saya menempuh kuliah S3 yang maunya 4 tahun tapi molor menjadi 6 tahun. Jadi, latar belakang novel ini saja sudah dari awal membuat saya terlilit dan kepincut untuk membacanya. Lho, ternyata lagi, di dalam novel Pak Jagat dikisahkan bertetanggaan dengan Pak Musafir yang katanya adalah dosen UGM yang sedang S3. Hmm, kog seperti saya dulu, ya?

In the 2010s, a new phenomenon was spotted in the Seoul Metro. K-pop fans began adorning subway stations with large ads congratulating their heroes-so-called K-pop idols-on their birthdays and other anniversaries. Not only have these fandomproduced ads transformed the visual landscape of the Seoul Metro, they also invited novel spatial practices when fans, primarily young women, toured the ads to take photographs of and with them. Based on ethnographic observations, this article explores how fandom ads and fans visiting them make the Seoul Metro social and public in new ways. Drawing on Henri Lefebvre's theory of the production of space, the article frames fans' ads themselves and engagements they invite as assertions of the "right to the city," and relates them to spatial interventions that reclaim urban spaces based on symbolic-not legal-ownership, such as murals and graffiti. The article argues that K-pop idol ads recapture the Seoul Metro from domination by commercial advertisers' interests and appropriate it as a space of fandom, particularly female fandom. It also contends that this reorganization of space carries implications for a broader reclamation of subway surfaces as urban resources.

From a reading of public urban landscapes, Seoullo 7017 Skygarden and Superkilen Park, this study relocates Venturi’s complexity and contradiction as a critical tool. The transformation of road and rail infrastructure into these urban landscapes emerges as a continuous change of order and compromise, and supports the strategy of renovation in Venturi’s perspective. Superkilen displays virtually a hundred urban furniture from sixty nationalities to represent the coexisting multicultural society, whereas Seoullo contains thousands of plants familiar to Korean daily life, in addition to small pavilions for different cultural and commercial activities. Being the double-functioning elements in Venturi’s terms, clichéd urban elements and greenery were separated from their authentic contexts and reinstalled in these landscapes in an unconventional way. The banal and the vivid, action and inertia, signs and objects constitute the difficult whole and take over the former sites of everyday practices. The linear landscapes produce tension and ambiguity by functioning as both passages and stops, pedestrian bridges and spots, sites of continuity and articulation, urban backdrop and natural environment, mediated reproduction and social construct.

While Nakajima Atsushi (1909-1942) is well-known in the modern Japanese literary canon for his tales set in ancient China, this project examines six of his early works, written from 1927 to 1932, which have been disregarded in serious literary scholarship. The six short stories take place in Japan, colonial Seoul, Japanese-occupied southern Manchuria, and a frigid city in pre-colonized northern Manchuria, and include some of Nakajima’s most dynamic and diverse works. The project examines the ways in which these texts respond to hegemonic colonial narratives about space and landscape, about gendered and ethnicized hierarchy prescribed by the Empire, and about illness, hygiene, and bodily experience. The introduction situates the project in the understanding that meaning is dynamically negotiated at every instance of reading a text, that all texts are predicated on dialogue with various contexts, and that texts are hybrid spaces wherein the resistance toward and reification of one single narrative have the potential to exist as one multifaceted position. Given this knowledge, each chapter explores the short stories’ complex positions toward the hegemonic narratives in question. Chapter One traces a literary history of spatial representation in modern Japanese literature, which uncovers the privileging of the Japanese settler viewing subject. The chapter reveals the texts’ occasional challenges toward – but usually reinscription of – colonial space narratives. Chapter Two explores the texts’ hierarchical configuration of the multiethnic Empire vis-à-vis male settler desire, showing that although Nakajima’s Japanese male protagonists take a passive role in most situations, they are still privileged figures within this hierarchy, being afforded the most subjectivity. Chapter Three discusses the texts’ many instances of ill or bodily non-hegemonic characters and how their characterizations challenge the Japanese notion of fukoku-kyōhei (“rich nation, strong army”), which idealized strong and healthy male bodies to settle the colonies, and how they also assert notions of Japanese male settler privilege. This analytical project, followed by original translations of the six stories, aims to present the dynamicity of understudied stories within the realm of Japanese colonial literature.

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Par la fiction, avec son aide, vivre et appréhender la « ville », ici mégalopolis et capitale sur-dimensionnée de plus de dix millions d’habitants, permet de donner une image réaliste, bien qu’imaginaire, de l’espace urbain. La fiction est présente sous forme de courts récits publiés au cours des trente dernières années. En Thaïlande, l’urbanisme et la littérature en prose ont progressé parallèlement ; ce qui donne son sens au livre.
Au-delà de l’histoire littéraire thaïlandaise et de l’histoire urbaine de Bangkok, traitées ensemble pour la première fois, ce livre offre une synthèse historique inédite de l’émergence de la contestation, c’est-à-dire de la démocratie, dans la société thaïlandaise, à travers les mouvements étudiants, ouvriers, artistiques ou politiques, partant de la fondation de Bangkok, en 1782. En effet, si ville et littérature forment le double propos principal de cet essai, il reste qu’histoire politique, société civile et construction sociale en sont également des thèmes forts.
Ce livre est composé de deux parties : la première, « le livre et la ville », traite des aspects théoriques et analyse les textes, alors que la seconde, « les auteurs et leurs nouvelles », donne la biographie des cinq écrivains retenus et, pour la première fois, la traduction en français par l’auteur des dix nouvelles choisies, en texte intégral. Le lecteur peut donc commencer par les traductions ou ne s’y plonger qu’après en avoir lu l’analyse proposée. Selon ses centres d’intérêt personnels, il pourra ainsi décider de son approche.

L'AUTEUR
Louise Pichard-Bertaux, diplômée de l’INALCO en thaï et en birman, docteur en langues et littératures orientales, a vécu quatre ans à Bangkok où elle a enseigné le français. Depuis plus de vingt-cinq ans, elle parcourt cette ville dans tous ses recoins secrets, s’y perdant avec délices. Intégrée en 1994 au Centre national de la recherche scientifique comme ingénieur de recherche, elle dirige aujourd’hui la bibliothèque « Asie du Sud-Est » de la Maison Asie-Pacifique (CNRS & Université de Provence), à Marseille. Chercheur associée à l’Institut de recherche sur le Sud-Est asiatique et à l’équipe LEO2T « Littératures d’Extrême-Orient : textes et traduction » (Université de Provence), elle intervient dans des séminaires ou colloques nationaux et internationaux, et publie régulièrement articles et traductions de fiction thaïe.

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This article examines the role of Seoul, South Korea's capital, in the global imaginaries of the sharing economy. Experiments with sharing have been attempted all over the world, but Seoul was the first to proclaim itself a sharing city in September 2012, to much acclaim worldwide. Detailing Seoul's sharing agenda, the article shows that international enthusiasm about Seoul's sharing economy depends on exaggerating its scale and ignoring its complicity with the usual distribution of economic opportunities. My overarching argument, however, is that globally the sharing economy is significant as an imaginary of a post-capitalist future and that, by appearing to be what it was not, the Sharing City Seoul has played an important role in energizing those imaginaries. The article's data comes from public discourses about Seoul's sharing economy and participant observation at its two ritual sites, OuiShare Fest 2016 in Paris and Seoul Sharing Fest 2016.

Un espacio de 6 caras que concentre todo lo que se considera que una persona necesita no es poca cosa: una casa. Todo el mundo ha vivido en una casa, normalmente llena de cosas, de muebles, de artilugios necesarios para que termine siendo útil, completa. Suponer, sin más connotaciones que las descritas, que ésta es la única forma de vivir dignamente es un gran error.
Pasamos gran parte de nuestro día fuera de este lugar tan preciado: en el trabajo, en el colegio, en la iglesia, el centro comercial, en restaurantes, hoteles, albergues, el campo… cada uno de ellos con elementos comunes a nuestra vivienda una cama, un baño, un ordenador, una mesa. Podemos decir, entonces, que una casa es el duplicado perfecto y concentrado de todo lo que hacemos a diario fuera de ella. En caso de no poder contenerlo todo, pues el espacio es limitado, buscamos la forma de tener todas estas funciones tan cerca como sea posible: externalizarlas.  La costumbre y el tiempo terminarán por hacer de estos lugares una extensión de nuestras casas, partes fundamentales del hogar.
Si una casa es un bien escaso  y el reflejo de las actividades que hacemos en nuestra vida y todos los espacios de los que dispone la ciudad son cada vez más abundantes, variados y específicos, ¿Es posible habitar en la ciudad? ¿Podemos decir que una casa es el conjunto de todas las actividades diarias, aunque no estén dentro del mismo espacio? ¿Es realmente necesario poseer una casa, si no puede usarse todo su espacio simultáneamente? O, dicho de otra forma ¿Es útil contener todos los espacios de una vivienda convencional en un mismo lugar, si solo podemos utilizar uno de ellos simultáneamente? ¿Un hogar solo puede ser una casa?
Estas preguntas pueden ser respondidas a nivel personal por cada cual, pero no hay un estudio que justifique un rechazo o aceptación razonada de ninguna de ellas. Este estudio, partiendo de la ciudad de Seúl como campo de estudio, dará una respuesta a estas preguntas y bocetará los elementos y características necesarios de este nuevo modelo de vivienda: la casa deconstruida.

A 6-sided space that concentrates everything that a person needs is not a petty thing: a house. Everyone has lived in a house, usually full of things, furniture, gadgets needed to make it useful, complete. To assume, with no more connotations than those described, that this is the only way to live with dignity is a great mistake.
We spend a large part of our day outside this precious place: at work, at school, in the church, the shopping center, in restaurants, hotels, lodges, the countryside ... each of them having common elements to our home: a bed, a bathroom, a computer, a table. We can say then that a house is the perfect duplicate, sum of everything we do daily outside it. In case of not being able to contain everything, because space is limited, we search for ways to have all these functions as close as possible: outsource them. Custom and time will end up making these places an extension of our houses, fundamental parts of the home.
If a house is a scarce  asset, the reflection of the activities we do in our lives and the spaces available to the city are increasingly abundant, varied and specific. Is it possible to live in the city? Can we say that a house is the set of all daily activities, even if they are not within the same space? Is it really necessary to own a house, if all the space cannot be used simultaneously? Or, in other words: Is it useful to contain all the spaces of a conventional home in one place, if we can only use one of them simultaneously? Can only a house be a home?
These questions can be answered on a personal level by each one of us, but there is no study that justifies a reasoned rejection or acceptance to any of them. The intention of this research, starting from the city of Seoul as a field of study, is to answer these questions and sketch the necessary elements and characteristics of this new housing model: the deconstructed house.

This paper focuses on how early Korean sanitary engineers used new sewage treatment plants as an opportunity to redefine sanitation as an engineering practice and to refashion themselves as prestigious engineers. Through academic programs, professional societies, and public service, academics and government officials established new identities of an independent profession as a service to the community. I first track down how sanitation and public health have evolved in 1960s urban Seoul. I argue that early sanitary engineers of Seoul City University differentiated themselves both from civil engineering profession and from municipal public works with new curriculum. I look at the professionalization of sanitary engineers and their branding as environmental engineers with their Korean Society for Environmental Engineers and Korean Environmental Engineering Federation. I conclude with ideas to understand the strategies employed by early sanitary engineers in Seoul such as appropriating knowledge and infrastructure and co-producing profession and identity.

A conference presentation at: The 18th International Planning History Society Conference (IPHS 2018 Yokohama)

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In my paper, I propose to write an inter-Asian global urban history through the following case study: a comparative analysis of two guidelines of urban design in Hong Kong and Seoul. By closely reading those two guidelines, based on the 2017 versions, I aim to illustrate how each city government draws a concept of the global through institutional urban design. While the case of Hong Kong considers a laissez-faire system to be a crucial impetus in generating the theories of urban design, which seems not unrelated to the country’s global history that emerged out of a “barren rock,” the one of Seoul relies on a set of binaries that consist of problematizations of urban realities and suggestions for their improvements through which to bring forth a purified, pre-global urban aesthetics. Although the framework of an establishment of rules and their practical implementations is a shared approach applied to both cases, I argue that each of the city government theorizes the global in quite different manners; the former proposes a loose, centrifugal system of generating the concept of the global as an open system, while the latter takes urban design as an opportunity to pursue a centripetal globalization not fully subordinated by the forces coming from the ‘imagined’ outside.

This study provides a brief account of the fieldwork of the Seoul Walks, an initiative organised by international experts and civil society to analyse the potentials and downsides of the Seoul Urban Regeneration Policy. By addressing the problems of five case studies, the article aims to show why it is important to create places that are in harmony with the needs and wants of their inhabitants and the environment. 



Seoul Walks is a 2015 initiative organised by international experts of the built environment and Korean civil society to examine the recent Seoul Urban Regeneration Policy. In this article we will endeavour to understand the urgency of this governance by recalling some hidden steps of the Korean urban policy, and then deal with particular cases noticed during the Workshop Series Seoul Walks, Urban Inquiry of Seoul Daily Life.

The book compares different approaches to urban development in Singapore and Seoul over the past decades, by focusing on community participation in the transformation of neighbourhoods and its impact on the built environment and communal life. Singapore and Seoul are known for their rapid economic growth and urbanisation under a strong control of developmental state in the past. However, these cities are at a critical crossroads of societal transformation, where participatory and community-based urban development is gaining importance. This new approach can be seen as a result of a changing relationship between the state and civil society, where an emerging partnership between both aims to overcome the limitations of earlier urban development. The book draws attention to the possibilities and challenges that these cities face while moving towards a more inclusive and socially sustainable post-developmental urbanisation. By applying a comparative perspective to understand the evolving urban paradigms in Singapore and Seoul, this unique and timely book offers insights for scholars, professionals and students interested in contemporary Asian urbanisation and its future trajectories.

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South Korea is one of the world's most urbanised countries. While the country is well known for the rapid economic growth and massive urbanisation in the past, it is overlooked that approaches to urban development in South Korea are beginning to change. The paper addresses this by considering different urban design projects in the Seoul metropolitan region in terms of how they address the local history and culture, the quality of everyday life, economic competitiveness, diverse uses of public space and civic participation in decision-making. The Kkummaru Visitors Centre, Dongdaemun Design Plaza and Park, Bupyeong Culture Street and Gwanghwamun Plaza are discussed as case studies of recent urban design projects. While all cases show that novel approaches to urban development are taking place in South Korea, the paper argues that the urban design, which fails to sustain the existing social and cultural structures, to create inclusive places of social interaction or to involve citizens in the decision-making does not significantly differ from the past.

This study explores the sense of place in contemporary commercial spaces in South Korean cities by analyzing Shin-chon, one of the major commercial districts located in Seoul. While studies of "place" have grown alongside critiques of modernism and have played a significant role in fostering better understandings of built environments in the last few decades, the discourses of sense of place within dynamically changing metropolis remain relatively unexamined. Despite many criticisms of the distracting and placeless aspects of contemporary Korean cities, these aspects also reveal localized commercialisms, privatized public spaces, and material representations in everyday life. Advertisements are here perceived as the mode of communication and medium through which one can construct sense of place according to what one experiences. Signboards are the vehicles that reflect this psychological process. Through the application of Walter Benjamin's two concepts – flâneur and mimesis – this paper will discuss how the theory of signboards in everyday life is formulated, and how Shin-chon can be interpreted as a place where people find sense of place without being alienated from the built environment.

Japan and South Korea are often regarded as strict in terms of immigration policies and reluctant to grant permanent residency status or citizenship to foreigners. Japan is notoriously famous for being anti-immigration and perceived as xenophobic. Prime Minister Abe Shinzo was quoted last year in a television show stating, “In countries that have accepted immigration, there has been a lot of friction, a lot of unhappiness both for the newcomers and the people who already lived there”. South Korea is facing similar issues; an ageing and declining population, as well as a stagnating economy. There are fears of experiencing a “lost decade” similar to that of Japan. Though same as in Japan, South Korea faces issues with xenophobia within its society, which makes it difficult for foreign workers to feel accepted. According to a study by the Hyundai Research institute “44.2 percent of South Koreans do not think of immigrants or migrant workers as their neighbors”. Korea seems to be more open to the idea of importing foreign labor than Japan. Already South Korea boasts an above 2% number of foreigners living in South Korea.
These issues have driven me to analyze the labor migration in both South Korea and Japan. The large similarities and differences make them an ideal case for a cross-country comparison. Often these feature differences to those enacted on a national scale. In detail, I am comparing the policies of Tokyo and Seoul according to the framework laid out by Michael Alexander (2007).

Provision of urban parks is considered to be an important instrument, which helps addressing social and territorial cohesion in global cities. Yet local governments strive to create new investment opportunities for global capital and provide spectacle for expanding tourism and cultural industries, which often makes urban parks into an instrument of competition between global cities rather than an effective approach, dealing with their social and environmental problems. Speculative urban development considers urban parks merely as an economic asset, which can be stripped off their social meanings, and turned into a commodity that can easily be marketed and consumed.

The paper compares Cheonggyecheon Restoration in Seoul and Diagonal Mar Park in Barcelona to explore the changing social role of urban parks as urban commons and meaningful communal space in global cities. Cheonggyecheon is a large urban park in the downtown Seoul, constructed after the Cheonggye Expressway was demolished and an ancient stream was recovered on its place. It quickly became a popular public space and a new tourist attraction in Seoul. Diagonal Mar Park, constructed on a former industrial site in Barcelona, is less centrally located and is one among many urban parks in the city. Although the two parks seem to have little in common at first sight, the paper argues that the instrumentalisation of Cheonggyecheon and Diagonal Mar Park, in order to improve economic competitiveness and global appeal in Seoul and Barcelona, has negatively affected their social role in a similar way.

Transnational mobilities are often conceived as interconnected with cities as ‘magnets’ for migrants, ‘nodes’ in mobility trajectories or ‘destinations’ for settlement. This paper frames the urban as critical to conceptualising the manner that mobility is actively and contingently assembled across the border and in the constitution of migrant lives. This argument builds on understanding the relationship between urban life and migration regimes in South Korea where the state and infrastructures of migration play a strong role in moulding the forms and outcomes of transnational mobilities in the everyday spaces of cities. The paper examines the urban lives of two differently positioned mobile populations in the Seoul Metropolitan Region: migrant workers in the manufacturing industries and English teachers working in schools, private academies and universities. Drawing on Said’s ‘contrapuntal’ analysis, the paper explores the ways in which these migrant lives overlap and diverge: in recent political-economic transformations and the regulation of migration, the urban geographies of labour and life, and the timing of migration. In doing so, the paper offers a window into Seoul’s emerging reliance on and differential incorporation of migrants and demonstrates the critical interlinkages between the governmental technologies of border crossing, everyday life and possibilities for the future.

This is a PowerPoint presentation that I created for students in the class that I taught in the spring term of 2013 to help them plan their trip to Japan based on my experience after half a dozen of trips there in the past few years. Photos are courtesy of public Internet sources. This PowerPoint was not made for any profit-making purposes. It's solely made for the purpose of education.