Smart Lighting

The European Union (EU) has set its specific target of a 20% energy reduction in EU energy consumption by 2020. Achieving this goal will require major breakthroughs in the research and development (R&D) of new technologies. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are today pervasive to all industrial and business domains. They are expected to generate deep impacts in energy efficiency in the future. In this paper, four industrial disciplines namely manufacturing, buildings, lighting and power grids are identified to have great potential of ICTs to improve energy efficiency due to their interactions in delivering infrastructures and environments for production, business and living, and together they produce and consume a significant proportion of Europe’s energy. The state-of-the-art ICTs for energy efficiency in these four sectors are discussed with focus mainly on their available data on the potential impact which ICT can offer., The paper will also discuss the obstacles ...

It is well said that there is no life without light (the photosynthesis process), i.e. the major source of natural energy in our solar system is the SUN. We get all the natural light from the SUN and we can't imagine life without it. Light being so important to homo-sapiens, this paper aims to understand the technology of lighting products and how artificial intelligence can be applied in developing lighting products. An Exploratory approach has been adopted with a thorough in-depth review of literatures. Any research without its contribution to society is incomplete, this paper provides an understanding of the future of lighting and answer questions like-How the application of AI to lighting products will impact our society? Also, the paper will work as a guide for upcoming entrepreneurs/ marketers to see how they can venture with two different technology to come up with innovative products. The paper is limited to lighting products, however, the researchers are encouraged to take it to the next level by studying specialized products.

Light source spectrum can be optimized for object reflectance to reduce energy consumption by reducing the amount of light absorbed by surfaces. While the feasibility of this approach to architectural lighting has been demonstrated, this concept has only been tested with objects of highly saturated colors. Here, the color appearance of 24 Macbeth ColorChecker test samples, which includes achromatic surfaces (i.e., gray, black, and white), illuminated by optimized theoretical test spectra and reference illuminants (incandescent and equal-energy radiator) were calculated using a color space based on the International Commission on Illumination's (CIE) color appearance model, CIECAM02-UCS. Results show that energy consumption could be reduced to between 39 % and 90 %, with small shifts in color appearance, when considering all object colors. When lights are optimized for achromatic test samples, energy consumption and light absorption were reduced more than when optimized for colorful surfaces, with imperceptible shifts in color appearance.

It is well said that there is no life without light (the photosynthesis process), i.e. the major source of natural energy in our solar system is the SUN. We get all the natural light from the SUN and we can’t imagine life without it. Light being so important to homo-sapiens, this paper aims to understand the technology of lighting products and how artificial intelligence can be applied in developing lighting products. An Exploratory approach has been adopted with a thorough in-depth review of literatures. Any research without its contribution to society is incomplete, this paper provides an understanding of the future of lighting and answer questions like- How the application of AI to lighting products will impact our society? Also, the paper will work as a guide for upcoming entrepreneurs/ marketers to see how they can venture with two different technology to come up with innovative products. The paper is limited to lighting products, however, the researchers are encouraged to take it to the next level by studying specialized products.

Smart Cities offers enhanced quality and performance of urban services using various ICT and Digital Technologies. It is a fact that more and more people are migrating to Smart Cities for better career opportunities and to have an enjoyable and comfortable life. With the ever-increasing population, Smart Cities always need to do better capacity management to best utilize and optimize the usage of available resources. One of such challenges faced by Smart Cities is the generation of electricity to meet the increasing demand for lighting. The objective is to have an efficient as well as an economical lighting system that can provide sufficient lighting to its infrastructure facilities, offices, Smart Buildings, Smart Parks, and Public properties. In this paper, I have proposed ICT based Smart Lighting Solution "iLIGHT", which is capable of meeting the lighting need of Smart Cities in a more efficient and economical manner. The advantages and limitations of "iLIGHT" are also discussed in detail. The analytics-based test results revealed that "iLIGHT" can reduce power consumption by almost 30%. I have also provided the summary of reviewed existing literature on the lighting solutions used by Smart Cities and the advantages and limitations of these lighting solutions. I also analysed different usage scenarios for indoor and outdoor Smart Lighting Systems in Smart Cities and their typical power consumption. Finally, I have covered information with respect to my future plans on the "iLIGHT" Lighting Solution.

Previous studies proposed a smart lighting system that can detect object colors and emit spectrally optimized lighting to reduce the light absorbed by surfaces. The spatial resolution of an absorption-minimization light projection system is investigated using images of various visual complexity. Participants with normal color vision and good visual acuity judged the visual clarity of low, medium, and high complexity images by using a mean opinion score (MOS) scale. Results from the visual assessments show that blur acceptability of illuminated images significantly reduces when the circle of confusion (CoC) is increased by 3%. Blur perception also changes with visual complexity.

ABSTRACT Lighting strongly influences daily activities of the humans. Smart lighting emerged as new generation of lighting systems, able to precisely address the specific needs of people. Under conditions of shortage in fossil fuels and high prices for energy, smart lighting enables design of lighting systems, which can efficiently use power resources without compromising the user experience. This paper describes implementation of outdoor lighting solution targeting energy efficiency of the lighting system. The proposed approach takes holistic perspective on efficiency and considers light source selection and power management along with control scenarios for lighting scene rendering. System architecture is designed following the Internet of Things vision.

Building's entrance is metaphorically a threshold between two realms, the first is an outdoor exposed to climatic change, hazards, and environmental factors, while the second is controlled, monitored, and determined to certain functions. It plays an important role in enriching users' experience. Moreover, it is the first impression a visitor takes to evaluate a whole building. Architecturally, the entrance is a very special part in the elevation, distinguished and emphasized by different design approaches. One of these approaches is using lighting. There is a direct connection between recognition of a space and light assimilation in it. From sunset to dawn, the artificial lighting plays a role in drawing attention to texture, colours, and forms of external elevations, which supports architecture to achieve its purpose. This paper sheds the light on the problem of architects' failure to manage an entrance perception due to insufficient light integration, over illumination...

This research is the development of an IoT based controller device with a cloud-based system to switch, manage, and monitor the lights of university classrooms. The project output shall aid the problem in the operation of lights from unnecessary energy consumption to save energy. The researchers used a NodeMCU V3 with Wi-Fi capabilities together with a Passive-Infrared Sensor to detect room occupancy and a Relay Switch to operate the switching of lights to create the controller device. The controller device can run using the web and mobile applications over the internet using AJAX. The developed applications not only serve as a controller but a management system to set appropriate schedules for class hours, a monitoring system that indicates the length of usage and the total amount of energy consumed from lights. The management can set class schedules to allow the room to operate the lights on a given period if there are occupants in the room. Failure to occupy the room even with a set schedule, the lights will not turn ON, thus reducing excess energy consumption. Furthermore, lights can still be controlled over a separate remote network through the applications even beyond the given schedule.

This paper reports the results of a recently concluded R&D project, SCALS (Smart Cities Adaptive Lighting System), which aimed at the development of all hardware/software components of an adaptive urban smart lighting architecture allowing municipalities to manage and control public street lighting lamps. The system is capable to autonomously adjust street lamps’ brightness on the basis of the presence of vehicles (busses/trucks, cars, motorcycles and bikes) and/or pedestrians in specific areas or segments of the streets/roads of interest to reduce the energy consumption. The main contribution of this work is to design a low cost smart lighting system and, at same time, to define an IoT infrastructure where each lighting pole is an element of a network that can increase their amplitude. More generally, the proposed smart infrastructure can be viewed as the basis of a wider technological architecture aimed at offering value-added services for sustainable cities. The smart architectur...

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has engendered a new paradigm of integrated sensing and actuation systems for intelligent monitoring and control of smart homes and buildings. One viable manifestation is that of IoT-empowered smart lighting systems, which rely on the interplay between smart light bulbs (equipped with controllable LED devices and wireless connectivity) and mobile sensors (possibly embedded in users’ wearable devices such as smart watches, spectacles, and gadgets) to provide automated illuminance control functions tailored to users’ preferences (e.g., of brightness, color intensity, or color temperature). Typically, practical deployment of these systems precludes the adoption of sophisticated but costly location-aware sensors capable of accurately mapping out the details of a dynamic operational environment. Instead, cheap oblivious mobile sensors are often utilized, which are plagued with uncertainty in their relative locations to sensors and light bulbs. The imposed volatility, in turn, impedes the design of effective smart lighting systems for uncertain indoor environments with multiple sensors and light bulbs. With this in view, the present article sheds light on the adaptive control algorithms and modeling of such systems. First, a general model formulation of an oblivious multisensor illuminance control problem is proposed, yielding a robust framework agnostic to a dynamic surrounding environment and time-varying background light sources. Under this model, we devise efficient algorithms inducing continuous adaptive lighting control that minimizes energy consumption of light bulbs while meeting users’ preferences. The algorithms are then studied under extensive empirical evaluations in a proof-of-concept smart lighting testbed featuring LIFX programmable bulbs and smartphones (deployed as light sensing units). Lastly, we conclude by discussing the potential improvements in hardware development and highlighting promising directions for future work.

Smart systems became essential for advanced life requirements. The major problem that faced society, especially third world countries is energy, and how to save energy. The aim of this work can be classified into two parts. The first part is a smart light system for the streets. In this part, we install three IR sensors on a street model, the model also has a Light Emitting Diode (LED) in the shape of a lighting pole. So, when the object (car or a person passes through the IR sensors, the LEDs will turn on. The second part of the work is a smart home, the devices inside the house can be turned on and off through an android mobile device using Wi-Fi. Both systems can be applied to an entire city to perform a smart city.

ABSTRACT In this paper some results of the research works are presented, especially focusing on energy savings in street lighting installations and possibilities of remote lamp monitoring and control, lamp maintenance and reducing the cost of maintenance. The research is based on a system using the LonWorks technology – an open standard of distributed building automation systems, with the power line communication in the field level. A new approach to development of control scenarios and algorithms for such systems and installations has been proposed as well.

In this paper energy efficiency in public lighting has been presented. Electricity consumption is analyzed according to input date taken from Public Company Roads of Federation of B&H (PCR FB&H). According to the analysis major consumers are classified and measures for rational consumption of electricity in public lighting are given. Analysis is carried out by replacing the existing lighting system by modern energy efficient lighting system (LED lighting), taking into account all technical and regulatory requirements. After that a techno-economic analysis of the installation of new lighting system is carried out with the necessary investment and time required to recoup the funds expended in an investment.

Building's entrance is metaphorically a threshold between two realms, the first is an outdoor exposed to climatic change, hazards, and environmental factors, while the second is controlled, monitored, and determined to certain functions. It plays an important role in enriching users' experience. Moreover, it is the first impression a visitor takes to evaluate a whole building. Architecturally, the entrance is a very special part in the elevation, distinguished and emphasized by different design approaches. One of these approaches is using lighting. There is a direct connection between recognition of a space and light assimilation in it. From sunset to dawn, the artificial lighting plays a role in drawing attention to texture, colours, and forms of external elevations, which supports architecture to achieve its purpose. This paper sheds the light on the problem of architects' failure to manage an entrance perception due to insufficient light integration, over illumination...

Abstract—Recently, rapid increase of mobile devices pushed the radio frequency (RF)-based wireless technologies to their limits. Free-space-optical (FSO), a.k.a. optical wireless, commu-nication has been considered as one of the viable solutions to respond to the ever-increasing wireless capacity demand. Par-ticularly, Visible Light Communication (VLC) which uses light emitting diode (LED) based smart lighting technology provides an opportunity and infrastructure for the high-speed low-cost wireless communication. Though stemming from the same core technology, the smart lighting and FSO communication have inherent tradeoffs amongst each other. In this paper, we present a tutorial and survey of advances in these two technologies and explore the potential for integration of the two as a single field of study: LIGHTNETs. We focus our survey to the context of mobile communications given the recent pressing needs in mobile wireless networking. We deliberate on key challenges involved in ...

Smart spaces typically consist of collaborating heterogeneous nodes with various resource capacities, eg processing, memory, storage, energy capabilities. Low capacity nodes can operate using very simple protocols, allowing them to provide and consume only simple services, as opposed to devices with higher capacity, which are not limited by such constraints. Providing seamless connection and collaboration between low and high capacity nodes, ie interoperability, remains a challenge.