Smart Grids

The European Union (EU) has set its specific target of a 20% energy reduction in EU energy consumption by 2020. Achieving this goal will require major breakthroughs in the research and development (R&D) of new technologies. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are today pervasive to all industrial and business domains. They are expected to generate deep impacts in energy efficiency in the future. In this paper, four industrial disciplines namely manufacturing, buildings, lighting and power grids are identified to have great potential of ICTs to improve energy efficiency due to their interactions in delivering infrastructures and environments for production, business and living, and together they produce and consume a significant proportion of Europe’s energy. The state-of-the-art ICTs for energy efficiency in these four sectors are discussed with focus mainly on their available data on the potential impact which ICT can offer., The paper will also discuss the obstacles ...

A B S T R A C T Correct measurement of variables used in frequency control of power system is crucial for power system operation , stability, and security. Once sensor fault is occurred in power system, the faulty sensor should be instantly isolated. To this end, a model-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) technique is adopted in this paper. The proposed sensor FDI scheme for complex power systems is built based on unknown input observer (UIO) which is robust for systems with unknown inputs. The load fluctuation and output power variation of renewable energy resources are modeled as unknown inputs of power systems. To show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in case of future smart grids, the studied power system is developed to combine both electric vehicles (EVs) and high penetration level of renewable energy resources. The simulation scenarios are carried out for an eleven-order dynamical multi-area smart power system. The robustness of using UIO to detect and isolate sensor faults in power system is proved by several simulation scenarios. Likewise, the simulation results show that isolation of faulty sensors can be guaranteed by proper selection of the measured variables in the state space model of the studied system.

The “smart grid” refers to various efforts to modernize the power grid through the application of alternate sources of energy and intelligent devices. The present national interest in smart grid applications has generated many questions concerning the role of distribution engineering in the future. What features do utility engineers need in distribution system analysis tools to support the future smart grid? This paper will discuss some relevant Electric Power Research Institute research in this area that focuses on selected issues related to smart grid analysis relevant to rural utilities. The essential characteristics of distribution system analysis tools to support analysis of these issues are discussed.

This document is the first deliverable of the project entitled Adaptive and TOU pricing schemes for smart technology integration, funded by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE). Its aim is twofold: (i) through an economic analysis, we explore the different possible schemes of adaptive and time-varying tariffs that could be proposed by electricity distributors, in the context of a development of smart-grid technologies; (ii) based on economic models, we evaluate the potential for these tariffs to realise load shifting and/or shedding and to facilitate the integration of battery and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (BEVs and PHEVs).

In this paper, to improve the quality of service in terms of embedding capacity and resource utilization of the database has done using data compression and lightweight encryption technique for the smart grid. In the proposed technique, the run-length encoding technique used for data compression and ANU lightweight algorithm has been used for data encryption. The algorithm has designed and simulated in MATLAB 2013a. The experimental results show that the proposed technique has taken fewer resources and consume less file size as compared to conventional AES techniques.

This paper presents a new under-frequency load
shedding technique based on the combination of random and
fixed priority of loads. It has been observed that placing all of
the loads in the distribution system with fixed priority results
in un-optimum load shedding. On the other hand, designing the
load priority with a combination of random and fixed priority
provides the technique with some sort of flexibility in achieving the
optimal load shedding. The validation of the proposed scheme on
different scenarios proves that the proposed technique is capable
of achieving the optimal load shedding and recovering frequency
to nominal value without any overshoot.