Visa Policy

Since January 2020 the process to obtain research permits for Indonesia has fundamentally changed. Most of the procedure mentoined in this text is no more up-to-date. Please contact your counterpart at your Indonesian host university to gain up-to-date information.

*outdated*
In this writing I share my experience with the research permit and stay permit procedure for/in Indonesia that could serve as a how-to-guide.

Elections are in the air. We have the French President, who faces the people in April this year, telling the unvaccinated that he wants to "p… them off". Then there is our own Invisible Man Prime Minister suddenly popping up all over the place, including the Fox Sports cricket comm box. But not before he announced that he wanted to p… off one particular member of the unvaccinated class. Literally p… him off. On a plane to Dubai.

LAS ZONAS INTERNACIONALES O ZONAS DE TRÁNSITO DE LOS AEROPUERTOS, FICCIÓN LIMINAR FRONTERIZA
Alejandro del Valle Gálvez
REVISTA ELECTRÓNICA DE ESTUDIOS INTERNACIONALES nº 9  junio 2005

http://www.reei.org/index.php/revista/num9/articulos/zonas-internacionales-zonas-transito-aeropuertos-ficcion-liminar-fronteriza

El espectacular auge de las comunicaciones aéreas, unido a los fenómenos
desbordantes de la inmigración desde los finales del siglo XX, han convertido a los
aeropuertos con conexiones internacionales y a sus puestos de control fronterizo en
lugares de surgimiento de fenómenos y problemáticas jurídicas novedosas.

Los aeropuertos son aeródromos que poseen unas instalaciones apropiadas para
servicios públicos de transporte aéreo. En este marco, los aeropuertos internacionales  y la necesidad de despliegue de control de frontera de personas y mercancías han llevado a la localización en el interior de las instalaciones aeroportuarias de puestos de control  fronterizo. Estos pasos fronterizos se han convertido en originales  Ubicaciones para el ejercicio de la función de control de frontera. Así, el tradicional modelo de frontera y su correspondiente función de control se ha adaptado a las necesidades de comunicación aérea, al existir también en este particular marco de transporte la necesidad del Estado de hacer observar la legislación interna en el  Primer lugar posible a la llegada de personas y mercancías.

Un ejemplo particularmente incisivo de esta realidad es la UE, que ha generalizado un sistema de control de fronteras interiores y exteriores común a 13 Estados continentales europeos, muy particularmente desde la aplicación efectiva de los pactos de Schengen de 1985 y 1990 y su acervo, y de su absorción posterior por el Derecho de la UE en 1999, con la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Ámsterdam, y que obligó a la remodelación generalizada de los puestos fronterizos en un buen número de aeropuertos de estos Estados
.
El caso es que en los aeropuertos con vuelos internacionales existen espacios o áreas previas o posteriores al cruce de los puestos de control, que han motivado una serie de interesantes planteamientos y cuestiones legales, ya que responden a distintas denominaciones y finalidades, y su régimen jurídico resulta en ocasiones incierto.

This article explores the formal impact of various citizenships and travel documents held by Palestinians on their freedom to engage in international travel. Based on a theoretical analysis of passports and the global visa regime, it claims that international recognition is not only prerequisite of statehood but also affects the scope of mobility in cases of citizens of de facto states, including the Palestinian Authority. The research is fo-cused on the following themes: the status of the population holding a Palestinian Authority Passport in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in comparison to Palestinians who are citizens of Israel and carry passports of this state, the exceptional situation of East Jerusalemites as well as the case of Palestinians with Jordanian passports. Visa availability and other formal barriers for international travel are also examined. The argumentation is supported by the analysis of visa restriction indexes referring to the Palestinian Authority and to Israel. The article concludes that the mobility of Palestinians varies to a large extent depending on travel documents held and the recognition of a citizenship and the passport that comes with it is strictly dependent of the recognition of state sovereignty. Although in some cases citizenship can be divorced from the international recognition, the scope of visa-free mobility related to passports is always impaired.

SOMMARIO: 1. Delimitazione dell’indagine. – 2. Cenni alla normativa dell’Unione europea sull’ingresso  e il soggiorno per brevi periodi. – 3. I visti di corta durata nel diritto UE: aspetti generali. – 4. I requisiti da soddisfare e la relativa documentazione da presentare: in particolare, la sincerità dell’intenzione  di non trasformarsi in un overstayer. – 5. Diniego di visto e motivazione, tra forma e sostanza. –  6. I meccanismi di ricorso e l’esigenza di prendere in considerazione la peculiare situazione del richiedente  visto.

Civil-law non-employment contracts are abused when employing Polish citizens and foreigners. Contrary to Poles, non-Polish citizens are exposed to linguistic difficulties (the law does not specify a standard of a translation of their contracts), and an application for Polish short-term simplified immigration employment system (a declaration on entrusting work to a foreigner in the territory of the Republic of Poland) does not contain information about differences between civil law and employment contracts. Based on a synthetic theoretical-conceptual analysis the author claims that Polish law exposes foreigners to a higher risk of discrimination. The article aims to prove that mismatch between excessively long court proceedings and short validity of residence permits, as well as linking validity of a visa with employment in a specific employer deprive foreigners from a possibility to effectively personally participate in court proceeding in their employment case. Previous analysis related to seasonal works performed by foreigners had not focused on the nature of the contracts. This article is, therefore, innovative research. It verifies if Polish law discourages employers from abusing civil contracts with such foreigners, if it is in line with the ILO Recommendation No. 198, and if it meets Polish constitutional standard regarding legal clarity. The innovativeness of the research theme can also be derived from the fact that although declarations are the most popular foreigner’s employment scheme in Poland and in the European Union, previous research have not focused on human rights of beneficiaries of the declaration scheme.

The Augustów Canal is one of the unique tourist attractions of a Poland–Belarus borderland known for its highly valuable natural, cultural-historical and tourism-related features. From the beginning of the 21st century, following total renovation as well as the opening of both water and road versions of the Rudawka–Lesnaya border crossing (in 2005 and 2017 respectively), it has been possible to observe a many-fold increase in tourist traffic within the Augustów Canal tourist space. The present article thus helps fill a research gap with an up-to-date description of this intensification and an analysis of its dynamics in terms of the countries of origin of visiting tourists, its seasonality and choice of transport, be it by water (by boat) or by road (by bicycle or on foot). This study continues investigations into the influence of the easing of the border regime in Belarus (introduction of a visa-free zone) on the volume of tourist traffic. Factors influencing cross-border traffic on the Augustów Canal have been studied at local, regional, national and international levels (multi-scalar). Fieldwork has also been organised, using the participant-observer method, and statistical data from the Polish Border Guard has been analysed. Results confirm that the greatest use made of the Rudawka–Lesnaya crossing is by tourists from Poland and Belarus, with smaller numbers from Lithuania, Russia and Germany. Poles are the nation most often availing themselves of opportunities to cross the border by water, while Belarusians show a preference for the road crossing.

2010 marked the first year the European Union (EU) operated on the basis of a legally binding bill of rights - the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU. This year's annual report of the European Agency for Fundamental Rights puts the spotlight on the achievements and challenges of the EU and its Member States as they strive to inject robust life into their fundamental rights commitments.

Internal disorder in Syria, starting in 2011, led to mass population movements. Turkey, soon, became both a host and a transit country for migrants. 2015, when transitions to Europe heavily intensified, was the year of revival in terms of Turkey-EU relations. With Readmission Agreement, signed on March 18, 2016, both sides became solution partners of the migration crisis. But by virtue of the increasing number of the Syrians and the prolonging war, conditions and the perspectives started to change in years and aroused divergence both within Europe and Turkey. Despite Turkey's full commitment to its obligations, EU still unrealized its commitment of visa liberalization and there happened many problems in allocating the promised financial support of 6 billion Euros in time and properly. Combined with these; handling a humanitarian issue in a financial and political approach has led to a shift in cooperation paradigm which had normally been supposed to be permanent and burden-sharing centered.
Suriye'de 2011 yılında başlayan iç karışıklık, kitlesel nüfus hareketlerine yol açmıştır. Türkiye, kısa bir süre zarfında, hem ev sahibi ülke hem de bir transit ülke konumuna gelmiştir. Avrupa'ya geçişlerin yoğun bir şekilde yaşandığı 2015 yılı, Türkiye-AB ilişkileri açısından bir dönüm noktası oldu. 18 Mart 2016'da imzalanan Geri Kabul Anlaşması ile her iki taraf da göç krizinin çözüm ortağı oldular. Ancak Suriyelilerin sayısının artması ve savaşın uzaması nedeniyle, koşullar ve perspektifler yıllar içinde değişmeye başladı ve hem Avrupa içinde hem de Türkiye ile fikir ayrılıkları yaşanmasına neden oldu. Anlaşma yükümlülüklerinin Türkiye tarafından tam olarak yerine getirilmesine karşın, AB’nin taahhüdü olan vize serbestisinin hala gerçekleşmemiş olması ve 6 Milyar Avroluk Mali desteğin zamanında ve düzgün bir şekilde gönderilmesinde yaşanan eksiklikler; normal şartlarda kalıcı ve yük paylaşımı odaklı olması gereken insani bir meselenin finansal ve politik bir yaklaşımla elealınmış olması gerçeğiyle birleşince, işbirliği paradigmasında eksen kaymasına yol açmıştır.

In the early 1960s, the American Nazi Party leader George Lincoln Rockwell was invited by neo-Nazi groups in Australia and Britain to come to their respective countries. On both occasions, the minister for immigration in Australia and the home secretary in Britain sought to deny Rockwell entry to the country on the grounds that he was not conducive to the public good and threatened disorder. This was done using the border control and visa system that existed in both countries, which allowed the government to exclude from entry certain individuals that were proponents of extreme or "dangerous" political ideologies. In the postwar period, explicit neo-Nazism was seen as a dangerous ideology and was grounds for exclusion of foreigners, even though domestic political parties espousing the same ideology were allowed to exist. Rockwell never came to Australia, but illicitly entered Britain via Ireland in 1962 before being deported, which highlighted potential problems for the British controlling passage across the Irish Sea. Rockwell's exclusion and deportation also became a touchpoint for future debates in British politics about the denial of entry and deportation of political figures. This article reveals that the Australian and British governments, while allowing far-right organisations to lawfully exist in their countries, also sought to ban the entry of foreign actors who espoused similar politics. This was due to concerns about potential public disorder and violence, but also allowed both governments to portray white supremacism and racial violence as foreign to their own countries.

This article investigates the rules and practices pertaining to visa regimes and the crossing of borders across the European Union, Israel and the Palestinian territories. Their consideration as three interlinked entities rests on the high degree of EU–Israeli interdependence, the EU’s deep involvement in the Palestinian territories and Israel’s control over the latter. The article evidences the existence of variegated borders regimes applying to different categories of Israelis, Palestinians and EU citizens, together with Israel’s outstanding prerogatives in defining these practices.

The analysis suggests conceptualizing the space comprising the EU and Israel/Palestine as overlapping borderlands, with Israel and the territories emerging as a single, yet highly fragmented, space in which borders are alternative expressions of power relations in protracted conflicts. With the EU being drawn into prevailing conflict dynamics, the type and extent of EU–Israeli–Palestinian interconnectedness thus undermine the coherent implementation of Brussels’ mainly bilateral policies towards Israel and the territories.

Many countries seek to attract foreign investment without giving equal importance to the issue of facilitating business visas. This article innovates by addressing the main difficulties faced by such travelers, concluding that the adoption of appropriate policies, whether multilateral or not, is essential for nations.

La libre circulación de personas en el espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia (I)

Alejandro del Valle Gálvez
CAPITIULO DE LIBRO
Derecho comunitario material /
coord. por José Martín y Pérez de Nanclares, Manuel López Escudero, McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España
Madrid 2000
ISBN 84-481-2773-0,
págs. 42-51
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=1063

Belarus was long a country to which visits by foreign tourists were highly restricted. However, recent years have brought a marked improvement in conditons and possibilites regarding crossings of the border and onward travel into the country. Of key signifcance to the introducton of the new facilitatons are changes of the border regime and an easing of the regulatons concerning arrivals that have been achieved by acton at central level.
Since 2015 in partcular, it has been possible to note an unprecedented new scale
and rate of change where the border regime is concerned. By virtue of Decisions of the
President of the Republic of Belarus, a number of signed Decrees have appeared to bring zones of visa-free travel into existence, with a view to it being easier for visitors to cross over the state border into the country. Presidental Decrees have in fact both established visa-free zones and brought in other regulatons making it easier for foreigners to visit. While on the one hand these changes are analogous to those found in other parts of the world at various different tmes, they on the other hand have certain unique features, especially given the specifc nature of Belarus’s isolaton in the internatonal arena over more recent decades. Thus, the last few years have seen three types of visa-free zone system come into existence, i.e.:
• border zones – on the Poland-Belarus border, and partly also that between Belarus
and Lithuania;
• zones at airports – especially the capital-city (natonal) airport known as Minsk-2,
but also the airports (and the railway statons) in Brest and Hrodna;
• visa-free regimes associated with special occasions, notably sportng events.
In terms of main reasons for establishment, the zones that have appeared are:
• along the western border (with a view to tourism developing in the Brest and Hrodna regions);
• by airports (for the sake of the development of the airports as such, but also the
adjacent industrial and capital-city areas, as well as the furthering of regional
tourism);
• linked closely with sportng events (to help ensure that the image of the country
as a whole is promoted).
The entry into force of the Decrees in queston, and the subsequent taking effect
of visa-free regimes at all border crossings, has done much to increase the intensity of the trafc involving Polish people. Since 2015, there has been a steady rise in both absolute numbers of Poles travelling into Belarus, and the share of all visits they account for. This can be closely associated with the commencement of the visa-free regimes. Consecutve years afer the years of introducton did not necessarily bring major further increases in numbers travelling; or even witnessed certain decreases. There is also a marked seasonality to numbers of Poles travelling to Belarus, with the peak obviously tending to coincide with the summer months.

Kanał Augustowski jest jedną z wyjątkowych atrakcji turystycznych pogranicza polsko-białoruskiego, znaną z wysokich walorów przyrodniczych, kulturowo-historycznych oraz turystycznych. Od początku XXI w., po całkowitej renowacji oraz po otwarciu zarówno rzecznego (2005 r.), jak i drogowego (2017 r.) przejścia Rudawka–Lesnaja, obserwuje się wielokrotny wzrost granicznego ruchu turystycznego w obrębie przestrzeni turystycznej Kanału Augustowskiego. Z jednej strony artykuł ma być próbą wypełnienia luki badawczej związanej z aktualną analizą struktury i dynamiki natężenia ruchu granicznego pod kątem zróżnicowania kraju pochodzenia turystów, sezonowości oraz wyboru rodzaju ruchu – rzecznego (środkiem pływającym) bądź drogowego (rowerem lub pieszo). Z drugiej strony opracowanie stanowi kontynuację badania wpływu złagodzenia reżimu granicznego na Białorusi (wprowadzenie stref bezwizowych) na wielkość ruchu turystycznego. Analizę czynników oddziałujących na transgraniczny ruch turystyczny na Kanale Augustowskim wykonano na różnych poziomach – lokalnym, regionalnym, krajowym oraz międzynarodowym – za pomocą podejścia wieloskalowego (multi-scalar). Poza tym zorganizowano badania terenowe, podczas których zastosowano metodę obserwacji uczestniczącej, a także wykorzystano metodę analizy danych statystycznych, pochodzących z raportów polskiej Straży Granicznej. Wyniki badań wskazują na to, że najwięcej turystów korzystających z przejścia granicznego Rudawka–Lesnaja pochodzi z Polski i Białorusi, natomiast mniejszy udział mają podróżni z Litwy, Rosji oraz Niemiec. Polacy najczęściej wybierają możliwość rzecznego przekroczenia granicy, Białorusini zaś preferują tryb drogowy.

Background: ‪‪The Belarusian-Polish borderland has great tourism potential but in the same time suffers from many restrictions, especially geopolitical ones. An overall facilitation of foreigners’ trips into Belarus has facilitated the development of cross-border tourism and local resources could be used by tourists. One of the most important tourist attractions is the Augustów Canal. This article seeks to discuss changes made to one border crossing between Poland and Belarus whose location may be considered exceptional, given that it is
on the Augustów Canal.
Material and methods: Analysis of historical, legal and statistical materials; cartographic analysis and feldwork.
Results: Eased restrictions on crossing the border (i.e. 5 years of gradual, stepwise introduction of visafree regimes and zones by the Belarusian authorities) have combined with the emergence of new possibilities to travel along the Canal by bicycle or on foot to increase numbers of foreign tourists (including Poles) who take advantage of the visa-free opportunities.
Conclusions: ‪Opportunities for the development of tourism (especially of a transboundary nature) are influenced by the simultaneous “internationalisation” and “touristifcation” of border crossings in Belarus’s western borderland area, which serve as a tourist destination of global signifcance (the Augustów Canal) and/or trafc at the individual-visitor level. The factor of overriding importance encouraging steady enlargement of tourist space and its utilisation either side of the border is the so-called “Brześć-Grodno Space”, as a visa-free continuous corridor for tourism established in the period since November 2019. This allows for visits into western Belarus, in particular in a south-north direction. The Augustów (Augustovsky) Canal and its Rudawka-Lesnaya border crossing are expected to play a particular part in this process.
Key words: tourism, Poland, Belarus, border, border crossing, the Augustów Canal.

In this paper, I would like to briefly provide an insight into the earliest Citizenship Act of Pakistan enacted in 1951, which will provide the basis for future legislation on regulating nationality laws in the country. In this context, I would reflect upon various aspects covering the acquisition and loss of nationality, issues of dual nationality and other controversial nationality claims in the country like the Jammu & Kashmir or Afghan refugees, etc. Notwithstanding, I would also provide detail on how Pakistani laws safeguard the rights not only of her own citizens but also the EU citizens, including mutual cooperation efforts on visa and immigration policies between the EU and Pakistan.

kebijakan bebas visa merupakan sebuah langkah yang ditempuh dalam upaya untuk menumbuhkan perekonomian bangsa dengan menggratiskan bebas visa kunjungan kepada 169 negara,namun dalam kenyataannya banyak terjadi kejanggalan dan hasil yang kurang diharapkan seperti daftar nama negara yang masuk bebas visa kunjungan padahal jumlah wisatawannya kurang,kurang nya pemasukan negara karena bebas visa kunjungan,penyalahgunaan visa dan lain sebagainya

Although unhindered access to the territory of a foreign state currently does not fall within the scope of guarantees on the freedom of movement which exist under international law 1 , and is therefore considered not to be a right but rather a privilege subject to special permission granted by the respective state, the visa regimes and procedures are in many ways interconnected with the respect for and protection of human rights, as well as with ensuring the rule of law. This is clearly reflected in the processes of visa facilitation and visa liberalisation between the EU and third countries. Firstly, the observance of human rights in a country is most often regarded as one of the preconditions and / or components of its visa dialogue with the EU. This approach is widely known as " conditionality " and, for example, serves to ensure the coherence of EU external policies, in which the promotion of human rights, democracy and the rule of law is considered to be a priority. 2 This approach is employed by the EU institutions while taking political decisions about whether to launch or suspend visa liberalisation talks with certain states, and then, at the pre-negotiation stage, by including blocks with specific demands related to human rights in the roadmaps for these states to achieve a visa-free regime. These demands mostly concern human rights issues directly related to cross-border travel (freedom of movement within the territory of the country, access to travel and identity documents, etc.), as well as other issues related to citizens' rights and the protection of minorities (anti-discrimination policies, combating crimes of hate, etc.). The inclusion of the latter into visa liberalisation negotiations, besides being an additional external policy tool to encourage progress in a field which is regarded as sensitive in many countries (i.e. a carrot and stick approach), also pursues a logical and legitimate aim of ensuring a more or less equal level of human rights protection for citizens of the EU member states travelling to the territory of third countries.

Tourists are one of the most numerous categories
of Russian visitors to Japan. However, the
number of Russian tourists visiting Japan
annually is not very high, amounting just two or
three dozens of thousands annually. Visa
requirements are among the most serious
barriers hindering the growth of this flow. The current memo
examines particular ways in which the visa regime influences
Russian tourism to Japan, informal practices employed by
visitors in response, and the current prospects for Russian-
Japanese talks on this issue. Apart from statistics and media
sources I employ texts of the relevant online discussions in the
Vinsky Forum (the largest and the best managed online travel
community in Russia) and transcripts of interviews with seven
managers of travel agencies from four selected Russian cities
(Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vladivostok, and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk)
specializing in Japan as a tourist destination.

Concentrating abroad is a frenzy among numerous understudies. This frenzy is clear because by concentrating abroad, in a decent school or famous college, the possibilities of finding a new line of work get immensely duplicated. A degree or certificate at an unfamiliar school or college gives possibilities in the Indian occupation market as well as the abroad occupation market also. In such a manner, you can generally view Finland as a promising report objective. You can proceed to learn in Finland by finishing Finland's understudy visa requirements. For this, you can take the help of a decent organization that has master and agreeable authorities. In Ahmadabad, you can get the most well-suited and guaranteed help from Brilliant Future which is a serious organization.

Türk vatandaşlarının zaman içinde AB Üye Ülkelerine vizesiz girişi hakkında Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı (ABAD) tarafından etkileyici bir içtihat hukuku oluşmuştur. Fakat aynı zamanda Türk vatandaşlarına genel olarak AB Üye Ülkelerinin ilgili yetkilileri tarafından böyle bir serbest giriş hakkı hala tanınmamıştır.  Bu Üye Ülkelerinin ABAD otoritesine büyük ölçüde karşı geldiğine şahidiz. Bu noktada sorun, ABAD tarafından yorumlandığı gibi hukuku uygulamak için ne yapılabileceğidir. Bu yazıda öncelikle AB ile Türkiye arasındaki Ortaklık Antlaşması ’nın temelindeki içtihat hukukunun gelişiminin sınırlarını çizeceğim. Daha sonra, Alman mahkemeleri karşısında haklarını iddia ederken Türk vatandaşlarının karşılaştığı zorluklardan kısaca bahsedeceğim. Son olarak, ABAD içtihadında çözümlendiği gibi haklarını yürürlüğe koymak için Türk vatandaşlarına uygun birçok yasal çözümü analiz edeceğim.

The Role Of Information and Communication section is very important to giving immigration information for public and also their complaint. Immigration Office in Providing Online Public Information Services and socialization activities and receiving complaints. This research is motivated by the phenomenon of public service through online activities and socialization. Like other institutions, Depok Immigration Class II Non TPI Office also has an obligation to provide public information services and receive complaints, as mandated in the Public Information Openness Act and the duties and functions of the immigration information and communication section in article 118 of Law Peraturan Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2018 Tentang Organisasi Dan Tata Kerja Kantor Imigras Therefore, researchers are interested to find out more about how the role of the information and communication section is carried out by Kanim Class II Non TPI Depok. The application of information disclosure is a form of commitment of the Directorate General of Immigration in providing the best service to the community, as well as supporting the implementation of the Act Openness of Public Information. The quality of services through website and social media still needs to be improved, bearing in mind that there are still things that need to be improved, such as improving the quality of human resources managers, beautifying the display and editing of information and providing excellent service for complaints.
Keywords : Information and Communication, Services, Complaints, Quality, Immigration Office

Dissertation for obtaining the scientific degree of the candidate of political science with the specialization 23.00.05 – ethno-political science and ethnic-state studies. – I.F. Kuras Institute of Political and Ethnic Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2013.
The dissertation presents a complex analysis of correspondence of the migration policy of Ukraine to the practice of the European Union. The directions of the EU’s common migration policy have been determined (common position towards refugees, forced return migration of third-country nationals, visa policy and control of external borders, integration of immigrants into the society of EU member-states), that make up a landmark for Ukraine's orientation in carrying out its own migration policy. The tendencies of the development of Ukraine’s visa policies have been ascertained, as well as the results of cooperation of the Ukrainian state with the EU in the sphere of border protection.
This dissertation also presents an analysis of legal protection of migrants (labour migrants, forced migrants, and return migrants) in Ukraine as compared to the international/European standards. The research also contains an original periodization of the Ukrainian legislation towards refugees and asylum seekers.
The author has also highlighted the major problems of refugees and repatriates (with the example of the Crimean Tatars) in the process of integration into the Ukrainian society. The following criteria were used in order to determine the problems of refugees and repatriates: availability of legal status, availability of residence, access to labour market, social protection, healthcare, education.