Wooden Models

The paper discusses a largely unpublished collection of model food offerings from an elite Middle Kingdom tomb at Dayr al-Barshā. Part of this set was found in 1900 and was assigned to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, while the remainder was excavated during the 2017 campaign of KU Leuven. The material contributes to a rare type of model food offering, made in a mix of fragile materials such as clay, linen and plaster, so far attested only at Dayr al-Barshā. The objects are brought together for the first time in this paper, and are discussed within the broader context of model food offerings of the Old and Middle Kingdoms.

_____Full reference: Long, G. (2021). A Well-stocked Kitchen. Model Food Offerings from the Middle Kingdom. In: W. Claes, M. De Meyer, M. Eyckerman & D. Huyge† (eds), Remove that Pyramid! Studies on the Archaeology and History of Predynastic and Pharaonic Egypt in Honour of Stan Hendrickx (OLA 305), Leuven: 759-806.

Today, on one hand while the traditional design process continues, on the other hand, digital design systems along with advances in computer technologies continue to present designers with new and effective ideas. Parametric design is preferred by designers for its relationality, contributing towards versatility, ensuring flexibility, simplifying diversification and for presenting programatic solutions. As is seen in a number of areas, we have also begun to encounter the use of parametric designs produced with parametric design systems and wooden materials in urban landscaping. The purpose of this study is to examine the upper cover application and seating elements generated by taking advantage of parametric designs from wooden construction materials in urban landscaping areas, and examine the impact of wooden material characteristics while generating behavior and parametric structures of technologies. After researching parametric design and wooden material concepts, an attempt was ...

Os modelos funerários enquanto elementos do contexto tumular surgem no final do Império Antigo e estabelecem-se como importantes componentes do espólio funerário durante o Primeiro Período Intermediário e até ao final do Império Médio. A função destes artefactos tem sido convenientemente entendida no sentido de proporcionar os serviços necessários para as necessidades do defunto no Além o que, não sendo incorreto, é bastante limitativo na análise do respectivo
potencial mágico-religioso. O próprio conceito de «modelos funerários», por si só, obscurece a possibilidade de que tais objetos possam ter levado uma vida para além da morte, pelo que é necessário analisá-lo a ele também.

The Domus project is the construction in scale 1:50 of an imaginary medieval palace. It's made of clay, stones, slate, wood and other construction materials in the style of rich genoese buildings from the middle of XIV century.
In this chapter: the furnishing and finishing touches of the drying room and the final laying of the roof.
https://www.patreon.com/domusproject

The use of wood in civil constructions is a global tendency for its sustainable appeal,
low energy consumption and the carbon sequestration phenomenon. Conventional
materials such as cement or steel no longer fit the environmental reality we are facing due
to their intense energy consumption engendered in their processes as high greenhouse
gases emissions. It is with paramount importance to rethink all the housing propositions
to the near future in order to supply the increasingly demand on the already negative
housing scenario we know. The use of wood, wood related materials and techniques
such as japanese joinery, offers a far superior longevity and less environmental footprint.
The use of wood structures in modular systems offers sustainbility and a possibility of a
clean, quick and green construction alternative.

The necropolis of Asyut has provided one of the most abundant ranges of wooden funerary material dating from the early Middle Kingdom; the quality and distinctive features of these products support the hypothesis of a regional artistic school. Today, the Asyutfindsare mainly dividedacross three large European Egyptological collections (British Museum, Louvre, and Museo Egizio in Turin).Together they shed new lighton a major craft activity in early second millennium BC Egypt. Combining the study of manufacturing techniques, materials and stylistic features of this production, the local specificities will be examined in order to highlight its evolution, to define dating criteria, and to assess the origin of thecraftsmen.

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Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.September 1989 Volume II (Plates).

Funerary wooden models fragments discovered in the necropolis of Qubbet el-Hawa (Aswan) by the Spanish mission of the University of Jaen  will be studied and placed in their global context: the second half of the 12th dynasty. Style, techniques and specific symbolism and functions will be explored.

Funerary wooden models representing people or everyday scenes of life were used by the Egyptian elite as funerary equipment between the end of the Old Kingdom and the Twelfth Dynasty (c. 2350-1850 BC). The examination of wooden models, signifying important political and religious changes at the origin of new funerary customs and beliefs between the Sixth and the Twelfth dynasty, highlight the geographical, historic and social context associated with their manufacture.
This paper presents the results obtained within the framework of a doctorate in Egyptology submitted to a jury on December 2013 in Lyon, France. These researches allowed identifying the methods of production and the types of diffusion used for wooden models, typical of the Middle Bronze Age in Egypt. Manufacturing techniques, woods used and stylistic features will be used to distinguish ‘workshop productions’ from ‘work crew productions’ and ‘production-episode’. These three wood productions will be mapped according to four chronological phases between the end of the Sixth dynasty and the Twelfth dynasty. A detailed presentation of each chronological phase will be followed by a general discussion. Then, in the final part, angles of inquiry concerning the question of the inherent functions of wooden models in the religious thought of the ancient Egyptians will be exposed, and more particularly the narrow relationship which unites these objects with the funeral practices between the end of the Old Kingdom and the first half of the Middle Kingdom.

Today, on one hand while the traditional design process continues, on the other hand, digital design systems along with advances in computer technologies continue to present designers with new and effective ideas. Parametric design is preferred by designers for its relationality, contributing towards versatility, ensuring flexibility, simplifying diversification and for presenting programatic solutions. As is seen in a number of areas, we have also begun to encounter the use of parametric designs produced with parametric design systems and wooden materials in urban landscaping. The purpose of this study is to examine the upper cover application and seating elements generated by taking advantage of parametric designs from wooden construction materials in urban landscaping areas, and examine the impact of wooden material characteristics while generating behavior and parametric structures of technologies. After researching parametric design and wooden material concepts, an attempt was ...

Presentazione tenuta nell’ambito del Workshop ‘Architecture as process: Drawings and models’, organizzato da Amanda Lillie. University of York, History of Art Department, Architecture & Theory Research School, 5 giugno 2017. Invitato dalla Prof.sa Amanda Lillie

https://tracerprojectblog.wordpress.com/

TRACER: "Tree Roots: an analytical ‘culture’ of economy and religion – case-study Egypt 2050-1550 BC.)

L'artisanat du bois comme "traceur" sociétal en Egypte Ancienne (Moyen Empire-Deuxième Période Intermédiaire).
 
Indigenous and imported wood species were extensively used in Ancient Egypt for manufacturing objects of daily life and
equipment for the afterlife, notably statuary and coffins. Despite the abundance and use throughout Pharaonic history, no global study has been carried out on this material. Indeed, in stark contrast to stone or metal objects whose material
identification is always specified, research publications and museum displays most often accept a simple identification
“wood”. When the type of wood used is specified, identification is rarely based on botanical analysis. As a result the entire
history and archaeology of an art and medium are lost. With an innovative double methodology combining archaeometric
and theoretical approaches, the TRACER project will analyze woodcraft as a societal "tracer" in Ancient Egypt during a key
period of its history: the Middle Bronze Age (MBA). Analyze of woodcraft during this period which covers politically
centralized (Middle Kingdom-MK) and decentralized period (Second Intermediate Period-SIP), will identify the impact of
societal changes on wood crafts, closely linked with the political and religious development of the country. Two specific wood
corpora will be investigated: 1) burial equipment from Upper and Middle Egypt, mainly coffins and statues; 2) settlement site
finds from the largest town site with good preservation of organic material, Lahun, in Lower Egypt. Thus, the 2-years project TRACER will constitute the first move toward a previously unseen global project dedicated to wood in Ancient Egypt. The
main objective of the TRACER project is to highlight how the specialized production in one material, carpentry, correlates
with the other dimensions of its historical context (religious, political, cultural). The TRACER project will target woodworking
as a test-case for assessing relations between social components in one archaeological well documented period of lower Nile Valley between 2050 and 1550 BC.

This communication will highlight manufacturing techniques and distribution methods used for wooden funerary models, grave goods typical of the Middle Bronze Age in Egypt. In the first part, we will define the evolution of mapping wood workshops and will try to specifically highlight various workshops, especially Meir productions in Middle Egypt. Second, we will focus on issues inherent in these objects concerning religious thought of the ancient Egyptians and more particularly the close relations between these furniture and funerary practices between the end of the Old Kingdom and Late Middle Kingdom. Ongoing research perspectives on woodcraft will finally be exposed.

Today, on one hand while the traditional design process continues, on the other hand, digital design systems along with advances in computer technologies continue to present designers with new and effective ideas. Parametric design is preferred by designers for its relationality, contributing towards versatility, ensuring flexibility, simplifying diversification and for presenting programatic solutions. As is seen in a number of areas, we have also begun to encounter the use of parametric designs produced with parametric design systems and wooden materials in urban landscaping. The purpose of this study is to examine the upper cover application and seating elements generated by taking advantage of parametric designs from wooden construction materials in urban landscaping areas, and examine the impact of wooden material characteristics while generating behavior and parametric structures of technologies. After researching parametric design and wooden material concepts, an attempt was ...

Indigenous or imported, various wooden species are used in Ancient Egypt for manufacturing objects of daily life but also for the funerary equipment of ancient Egyptians, such as statuary or coffins. Nevertheless, in spite of its abundance and of its use throughout Pharaonic history, no global study has been carried out on this material. The wooden models collection in the Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon (France) has been studied through a multidisciplinary doctoral research. Combining stylistic and technical analysis, archaeobotany, analytical chemistry, scanner, archaeometry and dendrochronology, this new study in Egyptology has enabled to give back a provenance and dating to these objects, typical of funerary equipment of Middle Bronze Age in Egypt.

Locales ou importées, plusieurs espèces de bois sont utilisées en Égypte ancienne pour la fabrication d’objets de la vie quotidienne mais également pour le mobilier funéraire des anciens égyptiens tels que la statuaire ou les cercueils. Dans le cadre d’un doctorat d’égyptologie consacré au modèles funéraires en bois , la collection des “modèles” conservée au musée des Beaux-arts de Lyon, de date et de provenance incertaines, a fait l’objet d’une vaste campagne d’études entre 2009 et 2013. Menée avec la collaboration de V. Asensi Amoros (Xylodata), C. Lavier (L.A.M.S UMR 8220) et S. Pagès-Camagna (C2RMF), cette étude pluridisciplinaire, inédite dans la discipline égyptologique, a permis d’apporter un éclairage neuf sur ces objets