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    Basic of 400KV Substation Design

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    tkdrt2166
    This document provides an overview and design considerations for a 400/220kV substation. It includes system parameters, equipment specifications, functions of substation components, basic design drawings, and discusses various busbar arrangements like single bus, double bus, and one and a half breaker schemes. The key objectives in substation design are safety, reliability, statutory compliance, and ease of maintenance while allowing for future expansion.

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    Basic of 400KV Substation Design

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    tkdrt2166
    1K views62 pages
    This document provides an overview and design considerations for a 400/220kV substation. It includes system parameters, equipment specifications, functions of substation components, basic design drawings, and discusses various busbar arrangements like single bus, double bus, and one and a half breaker schemes. The key objectives in substation design are safety, reliability, statutory compliance, and ease of maintenance while allowing for future expansion.

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    This document provides an overview and design considerations for a 400/220kV substation. It includes system parameters, equipment specifications, functions of substation components, basic design drawings, and discusses various busbar arrangements like single bus, double bus, and one and a half breaker schemes. The key objectives in substation design are safety, reliability, statutory compliance, and ease of maintenance while allowing for future expansion.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views62 pages

    Basic of 400KV Substation Design

    Uploaded by

    tkdrt2166
    This document provides an overview and design considerations for a 400/220kV substation. It includes system parameters, equipment specifications, functions of substation components, basic design drawings, and discusses various busbar arrangements like single bus, double bus, and one and a half breaker schemes. The key objectives in substation design are safety, reliability, statutory compliance, and ease of maintenance while allowing for future expansion.

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    of 62

    Design of 400/220kV Sub-station

    Sanjay Chatterjee
    27th April 2008 Srex Power India Private Limited

    Includes
    Overview of 400kV sub-station Design Process Design considerations Question / Answer

    Imp. considerations in substation design


    Safety of personnel and equipment Reliability and Security Adherence to Statutory obligations I.E. rules, Environmental aspects Electrical design considerations Structural design considerations Ease of maintenance Possibility to Expand

    System parameters
    Sr. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 10. Description Nominal system voltage Max. operating voltage Rated frequency Number of phases System neutral earthing Corona Extinction voltage Min. creepage distance Rated short ckt. Current for 1 sec. Radio interference voltage at 1MHZ (for phase to earth voltage) 400kV 400kV 420kV 50Hz 3 220kV 220kV 245kV 50Hz 3

    Effectively earthed 320kV 25mm/kV 40kA 1000 mV (320kV) 156kV 25mm/kV 40kA 1000 mV (156kV)

    System parameters Contd..


    Sr. 11. Description Rated insulation levels i) Full wave impulse withstand voltage -- for lines -- for reactor/ Xmer -- for other equipments ii) Switching impulse withstand voltage (dry/wet) iii) One min. power freq. withstand voltage (dry/wet) -- for lines -- for CB / Isolator -- for other equipments 400kV 220kV Remarks

    1550kVp 1300kVp 1425kVp 1050kVp

    1050kVp 950kVp 1050kVp

    680kV 520kV 610kV 630kV

    460kV 460kV 530kV 460kV

    (Line-ground) (open terminals)

    Substation Birds view

    400kV Circuit Breaker

    400kV Isolator

    400kV Current Transformer

    400kV CVT

    400kV Surge Arrester

    Shunt Reactor & NGR

    400/220 kV Auto Transformer

    400kV Bus Post Insulator

    Wave Trap

    Functions of substation equipments


    Equipment 1. Bus-Bar 2. Circuit Breaker 3. Isolators 4. Earthing switch 5. Current Transformer 6. Voltage Transformer 7. Lightning Arrester Function Incoming & outgoing ckts. Connected to bus-bar Automatic switching during normal or abnormal conditions Disconnection under no-load condition for safety, isolation and maintenance. To discharge the voltage on dead lines to earth To step-down currents for measurement, control & protection To step-down voltages for measurement, control & protection To discharge lightning over voltages and switching over voltages to earth

    Functions of substation equipments Contd


    8. Shunt reactor 9. Neutral-Grounding resistor 10. Coupling capacitor 11. Line Trap 12. Shunt capacitors 13. Power Transformer To control over voltages by providing reactive power compensation To limit earth fault current To provide connection between high voltage line & PLCC equipment To prevent high frequency signals from entering other zones. To provide compensations to reactive loads of lagging power factors To step-up or step-down the voltage and transfer power from one a.c. voltage another a.c. voltage at the same frequency. Compensation of long lines.

    14. Series Capacitor

    Functions of Associated system in substation


    System 1. Substation Earthing system -- Earthmat -- Earthing spikes -- Earthing risers Function To provide an earthmat for connecting neural points, equipment body, support structures to earth. For safety of personnel and for enabling earth fault protection. To provide the path for discharging the earth currents from neutrals, faults, Surge Arresters, overheads shielding wires etc. with safe step-potential and touch potential. To protect the outdoor substation equipment from lightning strokes.

    2. Overhead earth wire shielding or Lightning masts. 3. Illumination system (lighting) -- for switchyard -- buildings -- roads etc.

    Contd..
    4. Protection system -- protection relay panels -- control cables -- circuit breakers -- CTs, VTs etc. 5. Control cable 6. Power cable 7. PLCC system power line carries communication system -- line trap -- coupling capacitor -- PLCC panels To provide alarm or automatic tripping of faulty part from healthy part and also to minimize damage to faulty equipment and associated system.

    For Protective circuits, control circuits, metering circuits, communication circuits To provide supply path to various auxiliary equipment and machines. For communication, telemetry, tele-control, power line carrier protection etc.

    Contd
    8. Fire Fighting system -- Sensors, detection system -- water spray system -- fire prot. panels, alarm system -- watertank and spray system 9. Auxiliary standby power system -- diesel generator sets -- switchgear -- distribution system To sense the occurrence of fire by sensors and to initiate water spray, to disconnect power supply to affected region to pin-point location of fire by indication in control room. For supplying starting power, standby power for auxiliaries

    10. Telephone, telex, microwave, OPF For internal and external communication

    Basic drawings for design/construction


    Single Line Diagram General Arrangement Drawing Electrical Plan and Section Control Room Architectural layout

    Supporting drawings
    Structural layout Earthmat layout Civil layout Erection Key Diagram Lighting Layout

    Single Line Diagram 220kV

    General arrangement layout

    Electrical layout

    Electrical Section

    Control room layout

    Control room layout

    Structural layout

    Earthmat Layout

    @ @ @

    @ @ @

    Civil layout

    Erection Key Diagram


    4LA 4P3 4W 4W1
    4 D T Q B -1 4 D T Q B -1 4 D T Q B -1

    4P

    4V

    4SSTM-D

    4C1

    4C2

    4I1

    4I

    4I

    4I

    4I

    4LA

    4LA

    4 D T T M -1

    N1
    R1

    4 D T T M -2

    4 D T T M -1

    4P3

    4IC2

    4W

    4P1

    4W1

    4I

    4B

    4W1

    4P

    4V

    4SSTM-D

    4C1

    4C2

    4I1 4I1 4I1 4I1 4I1 4I1

    4B

    4B

    4I

    4I

    4I

    4 D T T M -1

    R1 R1

    4LA

    4 D T T M -2

    4I

    4 D T T M -1

    4LA

    4P3

    4IC1

    4LA

    4W1

    4B

    R2

    4I2

    4I1

    4W1

    4P1

    4P

    4V

    4C1

    4C2

    4I2

    4SSTM-D

    4I1

    4 D T T M -1

    4 D T T M -2

    4 D T T M -1

    4LA

    4P3

    4W

    4B

    4I

    4I

    4I

    4I

    4B

    4W1

    4P

    4V

    4C1

    4C2

    4SSTM-D

    4I

    4I

    4I

    4I

    4LA

    4LA

    4P3

    4IC2

    4W

    4W1

    4P1

    4I1

    4 D T T M -1

    N1
    R1 R1 R1

    4 D T T M -2

    4 D T T M -1

    4I

    4B

    4B

    4W1

    4P

    4V

    4SSTM-D

    4C1

    4C2

    4B

    4I

    4I

    4I2

    4LA

    4P3

    4IC1

    4LA

    4W1

    4I1

    4 D T T M -1

    4LA

    4 D T T M -2

    4I

    4 D T T M -1

    4B

    4I

    R2

    4W1

    4P1

    4P

    4V

    4SSTM-D

    4C1

    4C2

    4I

    4I

    4I2

    4 D T Q B -2

    4 D T Q B -2

    4 D T Q B -2

    EW 1 EW 2 4 S S T M -D 4 D T T M -1 4 T1 4 S1 4 S1 4 T1 4 S1 4 T1 4 S1 4 S1 4 S1 4P 4 S1 4V 4W 4W 4I 4I R1 4 S1 4 LA 4 S1 4P3 4 S1 4I 4 S1 4 S2 4 S2 4 S2 4 D T T M -2 4TM 4 S2 4 S S T M -T 4 S1 EW 2 EW 2

    EW 1 EW 2 EW 2

    4I1

    4 D T T M -1

    4 D T T M -2

    4I

    4I

    4 D T T M -1

    4B

    4B

    4I2

    4I2

    4I2

    4I2

    4I2

    4I2

    EW 1 EW 2

    4 D T T M -1 4 S2

    4 S2

    4 S2

    4 S2

    4 D T T M -2 4 S1 4 S S T M -D

    4 S1 4 S1 4 T B SM 4 T B SM 4 S1 4 I2 4I 4 I1 4B 4B 4 C1 4 C2 4 T B SM

    4 S1

    4 S1 4 S1 4 LA

    4 S1 4 S1 4I

    4 S1

    4 S1 4P1 4P1 4 I C1 4 I C2

    4 S1 4 I C2 4 I1 4 I2

    Lighting Design
    Adequate lighting is necessary for safety of working personnel and O&M activities Recommended value of Illumination level Control & Relay panel area - 350 Lux (at floor level) Test laboratory - 300 Lux Battery room - 100 Lux Other indoor area - 150 Lux Switchyard - 50 Lux (main equipment)

    - 20 Lux (balance Area / road @ ground level)

    Single Bus arrangement

    Single Bus System


    Merits 1. Low cost Demerits 1. Fault of bus or any circuit breaker results in shut-down of entire substation 2. Difficult to do any maintenance 3. Bus cannot be extended without completely deenergizing substations 4. Can be used only where loads can be interrupted or have other supply arrangements. Remarks 1. Used for distribution substations upto 33kV

    2. Simple to Operate

    2. Not used for large substations. 3. Sectionalizing increases flexibility

    3. Simple Protection

    Main & Transfer Bus

    Main & transfer busbar system


    Merits 1. Low initial & ultimate cost Demerits 1. Requires one extra breaker coupler Remarks 1. Used for 110kV substations where cost of duplicate bus bar system is not justified .

    2. Any breaker can be taken out of service for maintenance. 3. Potential devices may be used on the main bus

    2. Switching is somewhat complex when maintaining a breaker 3. Fault of bus or any circuit breaker results in shutdown of entire substation.

    Double Busbar arrangement

    Double Bus Bar Single Breaker system


    Merits 1. High flexibility 2. Half of the feeders connected to each bus Demerits 1. Extra bus-coupler circuit breaker necessary. 2. Bus protection scheme may cause loss of substation when it operates. 3. High exposure to bus fault. 4. Line breaker failure takes all circuits connected to the bus out of service. 5. Bus couplers failure takes entire substation out of service. Remarks 1. Most widely used for 66kV, 132kv, 220kV and important 11kv, 6.6kV, 3.3kV substations.

    Double Busbar with Double breaker

    Double Bus Bar Double Breaker system


    Merits 1. Each has two associated breakers 2. Has flexibility in permitting feeder circuits to be connected to any bus 3. Any breaker can be taken out of service for maintenance. 4. High reliability Demerits 1. Most expensive Remarks 1. Not used for usual EHV substations due to high cost. 2. Used only for very important, high power, EHV substations.

    2. Would lose half of the circuits for breaker fault if circuits are not connected to both the buses.

    Double main & transfer

    Double main bus & transfer bus system


    Merits 1. Most flexible in operation 2. Highly reliable 3. Breaker failure on bus side breaker removes only one ckt. From service 4. All switching done with breakers 5. Simple operation, no isolator switching required 6. Either main bus can be taken out of service at any time for maintenance. 7. Bus fault does not remove any feeder from the service Demerits 1. High cost due to three buses Remarks 1. Preferred by some utilities for 400kV and 220kV important substations.

    One & half breaker scheme

    One & half breaker scheme


    Merits 1. Flexible operation for breaker maintenance 2. Any breaker can be removed from maintenance without interruption of load. 3. Requires 1 1/2 breaker per feeder. Demerits 1. One and half breakers per circuit, hence higher cost 2. Protection and auto-reclosing more complex since middle breaker must be responsive to both associated circuits. Remarks 1. Used for 400kV & 220kV substations. 2. Preferred.

    4. Each circuit fed by two breakers. 5. All switching by breaker. 6. Selective tripping

    Ring Bus

    Mesh (Ring) busbar system


    Merits 1. Busbars gave some operational flexibility Demerits 1. If fault occurs during bus maintenance, ring gets separated into two sections. 2.Auto-reclosing and protection complex. 3. Requires VTs on all circuits because there is no definite voltage reference point. These VTs may be required in all cases for synchronizing live line or voltage indication 4. Breaker failure during fault on one circuit causes loss of additional circuit because of breaker failure. Remarks 1. Most widely used for very large power stations having large no. of incoming and outgoing lines and high power transfer.

    Minimum Clearances
    400kV 1. Phase to Earth 3500 mm 220kV 2100 mm

    2. Phase to phase

    4200 mm (Rod-conductor configuration) 4000 mm (Conductor-conductor configuration) 6400 mm

    2100 mm

    3. Sectional clearance

    4300 mm

    Clearance Diagram

    Bus Bar Design


    Continuous current rating. Ampacity caculation as per IEEE:738 Short time current rating (40kA for 1 Sec.) IEC-865 Stresses in Tubular Busbar Natural frequency of Tubular Busbar Deflection of Tube Cantilever strength of Post Insulator Aeolian Vibrations

    Gantry Structure Design


    Sag / Tension calculation : as per IS: 802 1995 Sr. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Temp Min. Min. Every Day Every Day Max. (ACSR 750C/ AAAC 850C) Wind Pressure No wind 36% No wind 100% No wind T <= 22% of UTS T <= 70% of UTS Clearances Limits

    Contd..
    Short Circuit Forces calculation As per IEC : 865 Short circuit forces during short circuit Short circuit forces after short circuit Short circuit forces due to Pinch effect for Bundled conductor Spacer span calculation

    Factor of safety of 2.0 under normal condition and 1.5 under short circuit condition

    spacers

    Spacer span Vs Short Ckt. forces


    GRAPH OF SPACER SPAN Vs CONDUCTOR TENSION FOR 400 KV TWIN MOOSE ACSR CONDUCTOR
    12000.00 CONDUCTOR TENSION PER PHASE IN KG.

    10000.00

    8000.00

    6000.00

    4000.00

    2000.00

    0.00 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 SPACER SPAN IN MTRS.

    Earthing Design
    Guiding standards IEEE 80, IS:3043, CBIP-223. 400kV & 220kV system are designed for 40kA. Basic Objectives: Step potential within tolerable Touch Potential limit Ground Resistance Adequacy of Ground conductor for fault current (considering corrosion)

    Touch and step potential

    Lightning Protection Ground Wire

    FIG-4a

    FIG-4b

    Lightning Protection Lightning Mast

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