Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chandigarh Tourism: A Project Report On
Chandigarh Tourism: A Project Report On
PROJECT REPORT
On
CHANDIGARH TOURISM
SAMEER
UMAIR ASHRAF
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am highly grateful to Beehive College of Advanced Studies , Dehradun, for
providing this opportunity to carry out the six month practical training at
Chandigarh Tourism
The constant guidance and encouragement received from Mr. Abhijeet Kumar
the HOD Dehradun has been of great help in carrying out the project work and
is acknowledged with reverential thanks.
SAMEER BHAN
UMAIR ASHRAF SHEIKH
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the Industrial Training Report entitled ("Chandigarh
Tourism") submitted by me at Uttaranchal Institute of Management for the
award of degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology of Beehive
college of Advanced Studies is an authentic record of my own work completed
during the 6-months Industrial Training during the period.
SAMEER BHAN
UMAIR ASHRAF
SHEIKH
Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the
best of our knowledge and belief.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Sr.No.
DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION
1.
2.
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
PAGE NO.
1-4
5-8
INTRODUCTION TO TECHNOLOGY
3.1) PHP
3.
3.2) CSS
9-12
3.3) Wamp
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
4.1)
4.2)
4.3)
4.4)
4.5)
4.
4.6)
4.7)
4.8)
5.
5.1)
5.2)
5.3)
5.4)
Identification of Need
Preliminary Investigation
Feasibility Study
Project Planning
Project Scheduling (PERT Chart and Gantt
Chart both)
Software requirement specifications (SRS)
Software Engineering Paradigm applied
Data models (like DFD), Control Flow
diagrams,
State
Diagrams/Sequence
diagrams, Entity Relationship Model, Class
Diagrams/CRC
Models/Collaboration
Diagrams/Use-case
Diagrams/Activity
Diagrams depending upon your project
requirements
SYSTEM DESIGN
13-
Modularisation details
Data integrity and constraints
Database design
User Interface Design
TESTING
6.
6.1)
6.2)
7.
7.1)
7.2)
Database/data security
Creation of User profiles and access rights
8.
9.
REPORTS
10.
11.
12.
CONCLUSIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY & REFRENCES
COMPANY PROFILE
analysis,
designing,
development,
testing
live,
deployment
and
maintenance.
What We Do
We are one of the leading Web Solution Company in India and have been
regularly facilitating many of our National and International Clients. We are
dedicated to provide the value for money services and 100% satisfaction to our
clients with our Web Design, Development and Marketing services. We build
Custom Websites that deliver results.
memorable and easy to navigate because in current scenario your website is not
just a set of pages; your website is your Sales tool that can make or break your
existence.
Web Development
With an experience of our qualified developers we have been able to develop
and deliver customized and unique web solutions starting from simple corporate
websites to ecommerce solutions, extensive web-based applications, CMS, etc
across various industries and also providing Offshore services to many of our
International clients. Web development is a broad term for any activity related
to developing a web site. Under website development services we use modern
web development platforms and software tools such as: Ajax-Javascripting,
PHP, MySQL, Joomla, Wordpress, Drupal, OS Commerce, ASP.Net,
XHTML, HTML and CSS.
Web Designing
Web site Design, Corporate branding Solutions, Multimedia Design Solutions,
we are here to work with you help to achieve your goals.
Web Applications are programs that can be executed either on a web server for
server side scripts or in a web browser for client side scripting. In addition, web
applications can support online commercial transaction popularly known as ecommerce. Our web portal, CHANDIGARH TOURISM is an advertising site
which will be accessed through browser of a web application. A Web
application can either be
Static
Dynamic
This document is intended for both the stakeholders and the developers of the
system and will be proposed to the Regional Historical Society for its approval.
12
Chandigarh.
4.
User: She/he is the tourist who wants to visit or who is in the city and
Introduction to Technology
13
Introduction to PHP:
PHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally designed for
Web development to produce dynamic Web pages. It is among one of the first
developed server-side scripting languages to be embedded into an HTML
source document, rather than calling an external file to process data. Ultimately,
the code is interpreted by a Web server with a PHP processor module which
generates the resulting Web page. It also has evolved to include a command-line
interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical applications. PHP
can be deployed on most Web servers and also as a standalone shell on almost
every operating system and platform free of charge. A competitor to Microsoft's
Active Server Pages (ASP) server-side script engine and similar languages, PHP
is installed on more than 20 million Web sites and 1 million Web servers.
PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995. The main
implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the
formal reference to the PHP language. HP is free software released under the
PHP License, which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License
(GPL) due to restrictions on the usage of the term PHP
What is PHP:
PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor
PHP is a server-side scripting language, like ASP
14
Design Features:15
creating a multifunctional, user friendly and consistent website easy, even for a
beginner.
Recognizing the basic form and function of CSS is key to adding style to the
included elements. For every element in your website, you have a tag which
separates each bit of information on a web page. For instance, you may want to
add a paragraph.
WAMPSERVER:
System Analysis
Identification of Need
17
System Objective
System Boundaries
System Importance
Nature of The System
Role of the System as an Interface
Participation of Users
Understanding of Resource Needs
Assessment of Feasibility
Preliminary Investigation
When the request for the software is made, the first system activity the
preliminary Investigation begins. This activity has three parts:
Request clarification
Feasibility Study
Request approval
Request clarification:
Many requests from management in the project are not clearly defined.
Therefore, it becomes necessary that registration request must be examined and
clarified properly before considering investigation.
18
Feasibility Study:
The feasibility study is carried out by a small group of people who are familiar
with all information of the Orbisrealty project, understand the parts of the
business or organization that will be involved or affected by the project, and are
skilled in the system analysis and design process.
Request Approval:
It is not necessary that all request projects are desirable or feasible. However,
those projects that are feasible and desirable should be put into a schedule.
In some cases, development can start immediately, although usually system staff
members are busy on other ongoing projects. After a project request is
approved, its cost, priority, completion time and personal requirements are
estimated and used to determine where to add it to any existing project list.
Later on, when the other projects have been completed, the proposed
application development can be initiated.
Feasibility analysis
Feasibility study is made to see if the project on completion will serve the
purpose of the organization for the amount of work, effort and the time that
spend on it. Feasibility study lets the developer foresee the future of the project
and the usefulness. A feasibility study of a system proposal is according to its
19
workability, which is the impact on the organization, ability to meet their user
needs and effective use of resources. Thus when a new application is proposed
it normally goes through a feasibility study before it is approved for
development. The document provide the feasibility of the project that is being
designed and lists various areas that were considered very carefully during the
feasibility study of this project such as Technical, Economic and Operational
feasibilities.
Technical feasibility:
The system is evaluated from the technical point of view first. The assessment
of this feasibility is based on an outline design of the system requirement in the
terms of input, output, programs and procedures. Having identified an outline
system, the investigation must go on to suggest the type of equipment, required
method developing the system, of running the system once it has been designed.
Technical issues raised during the investigation are:
Does the existing technology sufficient for the suggested one?
Can the system expand if developed?
The project is developed such that the necessary functions and performance are
achieved within the constraints. The project is developed within latest
technology. Through the technology may become obsolete after some period of
time, due to the fact that never version of same software supports older
20
versions, the system may still be used. So there are minimal constraints
involved with this project. My system is technically feasible for running the
project.
Economic feasibility:
Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the
effectiveness of a new system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis,
the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a
candidate system and compare them with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, then
the decision is made to design and implement the system. An entrepreneur must
accurately weigh the cost versus benefits before taking an action.
Cost-based study:
It is important to identify cost and benefit factors, which can be categorized as
follows: 1. Development costs; and 2. Operating costs. This is an analysis of the
costs to be incurred in the system and the benefits derivable out of the system.
Time-based study: This is an analysis of the time required to achieve a return on
investments. The future value of a project is also a factor.
Legal feasibility:
Determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements, e.g.
a data processing system must comply with the local Data Protection Acts.
21
Operational feasibility:
Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the
problems, and takes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope
definition and how it satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements
analysis phase of system development.
Schedule feasibility:
A project will fail if it takes too long to be completed before it is useful.
Typically this means estimating how long the system will take to develop, and if
it can be completed in a given time period using some methods like payback
period. Schedule feasibility is a measure of how reasonable the project timetable
is. Given our technical expertise, are the project deadlines reasonable? Some
projects are initiated with specific deadlines.
Project Planning
Project planning is part of project management, which relates to the use of
schedules such as Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within
the project environment.
22
Initially, the project scope is defined and the appropriate methods for
completing the project are determined. Following this step, the durations for the
various tasks necessary to complete the work are listed and grouped into a work
breakdown structure. Project planning is often used to organize different areas
of a project, including project plans, workloads and the management of teams
and individuals.
Project Scheduling
In project management, a schedule is a listing of a project's milestones,
activities, and deliverables, usually with intended start and finish dates. Those
items are often estimated in terms of resource allocation, budget and duration,
linked by dependencies and scheduled events. A schedule is commonly used in
project planning and project portfolio management parts of project
management. Elements on a schedule may be closely related to the work
breakdown structure (WBS) terminal elements, the Statement of work, or a
Contract Data Requirements List.
Functional description:
Home -This is main module of the project, in this module the basic information
is defined.
Important Information- This Module tell about all the important information
about the Chandigarh.
Events- This will tell about all the events held in the Chandigarh.
User account- In this module various users can create, access their account and
add events but without admin allow that event will not publish.
Non-Functional Requirements:
This includes the characteristics that cant be expressed such as correctness,
completeness, security, verifiability etc.
Data Model
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
24
DFD Symbols
A square defines a source of destination or system data.
25
DFD 0
BROWSER
TOURIST
BROWSE
CHANDIGA
RH
TOURISM
PORTAL
Fig 1.1
DFD 1
ADMIN
LOGIN TO ADMIN
PANEL
MAKE
CHANGES
IN THE
PANEL
SAVE AND
BROWSE
Fig 1.2
DFD 2
Tourist
searches for
information
Browse the
portal and take
information
Events
26
Companies
Hotels
Hospitals
Education
Take the
information
and revisit
portal
Fig 1.3
In the above diagram, the admins are responsible for handling all kind of data
whose storage is required. The listers handle the data related to the companies
that are in Chandigarh. Hence, provide the list of no. of companies in the
Chandigarh. The additional information handler controls all the directions,
nearby markets, restaurants, malls, taxi agents, and important contact numbers.
An event handler provides information about all the events or functions that are
organized in the Chandigarh for example: Rose Festival. Information collector
collects all the information from three information providers and gives to the
administrators for the storage or updation. The tourist/user can register them for
keeping track of future updating and can enquire their questions via email. The
27
Sequence Diagram
User Customer
Authentication/
Authorization
Authorization
::GUI
GUI
User/Candidate
Customer
Database
Database
Enter user
Details
Sequence diagram for project:- The below given sequence diagram describes
the processing of portal and the modules used in the portal. The admins are
responsible for handling all kind of data whose storage is required. The listers
handle the data related to the companies that are in Chandigarh. Hence, provide
the list of no. of companies in the Chandigarh. The additional information
handler controls all the directions, nearby markets, restaurants, malls, taxi
agents, and important contact numbers.
Server
Panel
Databa
se
Admin
Context
collector
s
Browse
r28
Creates database
For the website
Uploads the website through
Graphical interface.
Provides information
About hotels in Chandigarh
Searches
Register to
website for
for
information
Provides information
About companies and
Information centers
in Chandigarh.
Upload information and updates
Information time by time.
Provides information
About events organized
in Chandigarh and
touristagents.etc
GPS handling for maps
To check nearby malls,
Markets, restaurants.
Chandigarh Tourism web site on the browser
Fig 1.3
29
Listing
Additional
Information
Information collector
ADMIN
Accom
modatio
DATABASE
Event Handler
Chandigarh tourism system
Admin 1
Admin 2
Tourist/
User
The Chandigarh tourism systems have four actors and two administrators handle
the database. The admins are responsible for handling all kind of data whose
storage is required. The listers handle the data related to the companies that are
in Chandigarh. Hence, provide the list of no. of companies in the Chandigarh.
The additional information handler controls all the directions, nearby markets,
restaurants, malls, taxi agents, and important contact numbers. An event handler
provides information about all the events or functions that are organized in the
Chandigarh for example: Rose Festival. Information collector collects all the
information from three information providers and gives to the administrators for
the storage or updation. The tourist/user can register them for keeping track of
30
future updating and can enquire their questions via email. The accommodation
provides the information about the hotels according to the prices from cheap to
medium to expensive. Information collector collects all the information from
three information providers and gives to the administrators for the storage or
updation.
Modules
Module 1: Admin Login Interface
The administrator handles the database storage and the users who are logged in
to the software and checks they are existing users and ne users. An admin also
handles the updating criteria. Therefore, admin unit is the base of the software
who have all information about the software.
31
Step2: After creating user can login and write on testimonials and updates their
events if they are organizing in the city.
Step 3: After work completion they can logout and their session.
Module 6: Social Links :- The pages are created on the social websites
named Facebook, twitter where user can share their experience, upload pictures
32
and promotes Chandigarh tourism portal. The links holds the Chandigarh logo
picture along with the name Chandigarh Tourism.
System Design
Modularisation Details
33
34
browser manufacturers, the interface will most likely not be the same for every
one of them. Also, there may be a difference between what browsing features
each of them provide. The Internet connection is also a constraint for the
application. Since the application fetches data from the database over the
Internet, it is crucial that there is an Internet connection for the application to
function. The Chandigarh Tourism will be constrained by the capacity of the
database.
Database Design
Database design is the process of producing a detailed data model of a
database. This logical data model contains all the needed logical and physical
design choices and physical storage parameters needed to generate a design in a
data definition language, which can then be used to create a database.
The process of doing database design generally consists of a number of steps
which will be carried out by the database designer. Usually, the designer must:
Determine the relationships between the different data elements.
Superimpose a logical structure upon the data on the basis of these
relationships.
35
Logical Design
The logical flow of a system and define the boundaries of a system. It includes
the following steps:
Reviews the current physical system its data flows, file content,
volumes, Frequencies etc.
Prepares output specifications that is, determines the format, content
and Frequency of reports.
Prepares input specifications format, content and most of the input
functions.
Prepares edit, security and control specifications.
Specifies the implementation plan.
Prepares a logical design walk through of the information flow, output,
input, Controls and implementation plan.
Reviews benefits, costs, target dates and system constraints.
36
Physical Design
Physical system produces the working systems by define the design
specifications that tell the programmers exactly what the candidate system must
do. It includes the following steps.
Design the physical system.
Specify input and output media.
Design the database and specify backup procedures.
Design physical information flow through the system and a physical
design
Plan system implementation.
Prepare a conversion schedule and target date.
Determine training procedures, courses and timetable.
Devise a test and implementation plan and specify any new
hardware/software.
Update benefits , costs , conversion date and system constraints.
Design/Specification activities
37
Concept formulation.
Problem understanding.
High level requirements proposals.
Feasibility study.
Requirements engineering.
Architectural design.
Objectives
Input Design is the process of converting a user-oriented description of
the input into a computer-based system. This design is important to avoid
errors in the data input process and show the correct direction to the
management for getting correct information from the computerized
system.
It is achieved by creating user-friendly screens for the data entry to
handle large volume of data. The goal of designing input is to make data
entry easier and to be free from errors. The data entry screen is designed
in such a way that all the data manipulates can be performed. It also
provides record viewing facilities.
When the data is entered it will check for its validity. Data can be entered
with the help of screens. Appropriate messages are provided as when
needed so that the user will not be in maize of instant. Thus the objective
of input design is to create an input layout that is easy to follow.
38
Confirm an action.
User interfaces
At the first time when an user open the browser and write the domain of product
the home page of Chandigarh Tourism will appear that will show all the links
which the product is provided about Chandigarh and one register page where an
user can register him/her for an enquiry. The user see 5 options to select
according to her/his wish. These 5 options are *additional information: holds
information about taxi agents, maps, visiting places etc. *listing: holds
information of all the companies in Chandigarh, information centers in
Chandigarh.*Event: holds information about all those events which are
organized in Chandigarh seasonally and occasionally.*Accommodation: holds
the information about all the hotels in the Chandigarh to live.
Hardware interfaces
Since neither Chandigarh tourism nor database have any designated hardware, it
does not have any direct hardware interfaces. The web pages are managed by
the Apache Server in the system and the hardware connection to the database
server is managed by the underlying operating system on the mobile phone,
Laptops, PCs and the web server.
Software interfaces
40
Communication interfaces
The communication between the different parts of the system is important since
they depend on each other. However, in what way the communication is
achieved is not important for the system and is therefore handled by the
underlying operating systems for both the Chandigarh Tourism Website and the
webserver.
Performance requirements
The requirements in this section provide a detailed specification of the user
interaction with the software and measurements placed on the system
performance.
Testing
41
Beta Testing:- Beta testing comes after alpha testing and can be considered a
form of external user acceptance testing. Versions of the software, known as
beta versions, are released to a limited audience outside of the programming
team. The software is released to groups of people so that further testing can
ensure the product has few faults or bugs. Sometimes, beta versions are made
42
`available to the open public to increase the feedback field to a maximal number
of future users.
Testing Strategies
Testing is the set of activities that can be planned in advance and conducted
systematically. To define these activities templates are provided by different
testing strategies. All the strategies have following characteristics:
A software team should conduct effective formal reviews. This eliminates
many errors before testing starts.
Testing begins at component level and worksoutward towards the
integration of entire computer based system.
Different testing techniques are appropriate at different points in time.
Testing is conducted by the developer and for large project, an
independent test group.
Testing and debugging are different activities, but debugging must be
included in any testing strategy.
43
2. 512 MB RAM
3. 40GB HDD
4. 1024 * 768 Resolution Color Monitor
5. Internet Modem or router
6. Printer
Software Configuration
1. OS: Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8.
2. WAMP Server.
3. Adobe Dreamweaver CS3.
4. Adobe Photoshop CS3.
5. Firebug.
Technologies Used
1. Front End
HTML
CSS
JavaScript
2. Back end
MySQL
PHP Core
Introduction to Mysql
MySQL is a database. The data in MySQL is stored in database objects called
tables. A table is a collection of related data entries and it consists of columns
and rows. Databases are useful when storing information categorically. A
44
45
Features of Mysql:The following list shows the most important properties of MySQL.
46
Unicode: MySQL has supported all conceivable character sets since version
4.1, including Latin-1, Latin-2, and Unicode (either in the variant UTF8 or
UCS2).
Full-text search: Full-text search simplifies and accelerates the search for
words that are located within a text field. If you employ MySQL for storing text
(such as in an Internet discussion group), you can use full-text search to
implement simply an efficient search function.
47
48
49
50
51
52
Access Rights:- User have only one access that is Insertion. User can only
insert the data. But without the admin Permission that will not be shown on the
portal.
53
COST ANALYSIS
1. Development Costs:
Include the salaries and other employment costs of the staff involved in
the development project and all associated costs.
2. Setup Costs:
Include the costs of putting the system into place. These consist mainly of
the costs of any new hardware and ancillary equipments but will also
include costs of file conversion, recruitment and staff training.
3. Operational Costs:
Consist of the costs of operating the system, once it has been installed.
We have calculated cost of the project by using CONSTRUCTIVE COST
MODEL (COCOMO). COCOMO is a hierarchy of software cost estimation
models, which include basic, intermediate and detailed sub models.
Three modes of software development are considered in our model organic,
semi-detached and embedded:
In the organic mode, a small team of experienced developers develops
software in a very familiar environment. The size of the software
development in this mode ranges from small to medium.
54
Project
ab
bb
cb
db
Organic
2.4
1.05
2.5
0.38
Semidetached 3.0
1.12
2.5
0.35
Embedded
1.20
2.5
0.32
3.6
Persons.
55
KLOC
Productivity (P) =
KLOC/PM
Calculations:
Total number of LOC in our project = 1058 LOC = 1.058 KLOC.
According to the number of LOC our project is in the category of organic mode,
so the values coefficients are:
ab = 2.40, bb = 1.05, cb = 2.50,db = 0.38
Thus,
E = 2.4(1.058)1.05 = 2.546 Person-month.
D = 2.5(2.546)0.38 = 3.56 Months.
SS = 2.546/3.56 = 0.715 Persons.
P = 1.058/2.546 = 0.415 KLOC/PM.
56
Reports
57
58
59
60
CODING
The design is complete; most of the major decisions about the system have been
made. The goal of the coding phase is to translate the design of the system into
code in a given programming language. For a given design, the aim of this
phase is to implement the design in the best possible manner. The coding phase
affects both testing and maintenance profoundly. A well written code reduces
the testing and maintenance effort. Since the testing and maintenance cost of
software are much higher than the coding cost, the goal of coding should be to
reduce the testing and maintenance effort. Hence, during coding the focus
should be on developing programs that are easy to write. Simplicity and clarity
should be strived for, during the coding phase.
61
Coding standards
Though at initial stages it seems like a burden to follow standard, its advantages
become visible once the software grows to few thousand lines spanning few
hundred files. Some of the advantages are: Programmer feels comfortable with
the code written by others, as it is similar to what he himself would have
written. Person joining the group at later stage can pickup the code easily (once
he is familiar with the standards).
If care is taken to define the standard in such a way that it avoids problematic
C++ idioms, then silly mistakes can be avoided. The problem with having
standard is that it takes time to get acquainted with it. And if care is not taken
during this transition period, then the resulting code will be a mix of standard
and programmer's natural style. This can be avoided by having regular code
review sessions.
Code Walkthrough:
62
The level of the code walkthrough is determined by the extent of the code
changes to be reviewed. Complexity of the changes, extent of the changes, and
criticality of the changes all play into the decision of place/location of the code
walkthrough.
63
Code Inspection:
Successful management of any process requires planning, measurement ,and
control. In programming development, these requirements translate into
defining the programming process in terms of a series of operations, each
operation having its own exit criteria. Next there must be some means of
measuring completeness of the product at any point of its development by
inspections or testing. And finally, the measured data must be used for
controlling the process. This approach is not only conceptually interesting, but
has been applied successfully in several programming projects embracing
systems and applications programming, both large and small.
Conclusion
The project Chandigarh tourism is a portal which provides all the information
about the city Chandigarh. The software takes care of all the requirements of an
average tourist visit and is capable to provide easy and effective storage of
information related to tourism that come up to the portal. The system also
provides the facility of backup as per the requirement.
64
Bibliography
1. www.w3schools.com
2. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
3. www.stackoverflow.com
4. www.jqueryui.com
5. http://docs.oracle.com/
6. Head-First Jquery
65