74m Bow String

DESIGN INPUT:
Span of Bowstring Arch Bridge = 72 m c/c of bearings

Length of steel truss at top = 72 m
Width of truss = 13.1 m
Formation width = 12.5 m
Carriageway Width = 11 m
Footpath width = 1.5 m
Riser of Arch = 12 m
Cross slope of deck slab = 2.5 %
c/c distance of cross beam int.1 = 3m
c/c distance of cross beam int.2 = 3m
centre of outer cross beam from= 1m
Nos. Of cross beam intermediat = 23 Nos
Nos. of cross beam end = 2 Nos
Grade of Material:
Grade of Concrete = M40
Grade of Structural Steel = E 350
Characteristic strength of concr. = 40 N/mm2
Ultimate tensile strength = 490 N/mm2
Yield stress in steel = 330 N/mm2
Es = 200000 N/mm2
Ec = 33345.76 N/mm2
Ultimate strength of shear connector 146 kN for 25 mm stud dia

Fatigue strength of shear connector 27 kN for 2 x 10^6 Life Cycle
The permissible stress in the fillet = 108 Mpa
Material Weight
Concrete Weight = 25 kN/m3
Steel Weight = 78.5 kN/m3
Material Safety Factor

γm = 1.10 For Structural Steel Against Yield Stress
γm = 1.25 For Shear Connector
γm = 1.25 for Fillet weld/bolt
Max permissible bending stress in tension or compression.

sbct = fy = 330 ÷ 1.10
γm = 300.000 N/mm2
ε = 250 = 0.870
fy
Average Shear Stress = fy ÷ γm

= 330 ÷ 1.10
= 300.000 MPa
Front Front area of

weight Length
Type of member Nos.
(kg)/m (m)
Total wt. (kg) r (cm) L/r depth single truss
(m) memb. (m2)
1
Main Long. Bottom Girder 2 609.16 74.00 90156 50.00 148.00 1.20 88.80
Arch Ribs 2 483.56 77.22 74681 37.20 166.06 0.80 61.78
Hangers 22 404.28 9.11 81025 19.80 46.01 0.40 40.08
Total Weight = 245861 Kg 190.66
Deck Slab : 250 mm Thk.

Load intensity = 0.25 x 25.00 = 6.25 kN/m2
load carried by end stringers = 6.25 x 2.5 = 15.625 kN/m
load carried by Middle stringers = 6.25 x 3= 18.750 kN/m
Green weight of deck slab = 26 kN/m3 as per IRC:87-2011 , Clause 6.3.2.1.3

load carried by end stringers = 16.250 kN/m
load carried by Middle stringers = 19.5 kN/m
load carried by Middle stringers = 19.5 kN/m
Temporary Construction Load= 3.6 kN/m2 as per IRC:87-2011 , Clause 6.3.2.4.3

2) SIDL - without surfacing :

Crash Barrier Weight = 8.00 kN/m
Rcc Railing = 3.00 kN/m
3) Surfacing ( Wearing Coat) = 2.20 kN/m2

4) Footpath Load = 5.00 kN/m2

load intensity on end stringers = 1.5 x 5.00 = 7.5 kN/m
5) CWLL - Live load combination as per Table 6 of IRC:6-2017
6) WIND LOAD CASE As per Clause 209 of IRC:6-2017

CASE 1) : WHEN BASIC WIND SPEED AT BRIDGE LOCATION EXCEED THE BASIC WIND SPEED OF 33 m/ses
wind speed = 39 m/s
Average height of exposed surface above Ground Surfac = 28 m

As per Table 12 of IRC 6:2017
Basic wind speed = 33 m/s
Vz = 31.23 m/s
Pz = 583.3 N/m2
For Hilly road : IF the bridge is situated in hill, wind pressure shall be increased by 20%
modified value of Hourly mean wind speed and wind pressure for this bridge are as per below
Vz,design = Vz x 1.182 x 1.2 = 44.29 m/s
Pz,design = Pz x 1.397 x 1.2 = 977.63 N/m2
Design Transverse Wind Force
2
FT = Pz x A1 x G x Cd as per IRC 6:2014, Caluse 209.3.3
Where , Pz = 977.63 N/m2
Span Length = 72.000 m

Average depth of superstructure = 6.000 m
Area A1 in elevation = 432.000 m2
Gust factor , G = 2.0 as per Clause 209.3.3
Solidity ratio ( f ) of truss is the ratio of the net area to overall area of the truss
Net area of truss = 191 m2

overall area of truss = 432.00 m2
f = 0.441
For Windward truss
Drag Coefficient CD = 1.650 Refer Table C-1 OF Annexure C of IRC 6:2017
For Leeward truss
Truss spacing ratio = 1.092
h = 0.600 Refer Table C-2 OF Annexure C of IRC 6:2017
CD = 0.990
FT = 1393.71 KN 3.226 kN/m2 For Windward truss

FT = 836.23 KN 1.936 kN/m 2
For Leeward truss
Longitudinal Wind Force as per clause 209.3.4
FL = 50% FT = 696.85 KN 1.613 kN/m2 For Windward truss
FL = 50% FT = 418.11 KN 0.968 kN/m2 For Leeward truss
Upward / Downward Wind Vertical Force ( Fv)
Fv = Pz x A3 x G x CL as per IRC 6:2017,Caluse 209.3.5
Where ,
A3 = Area in Plan ( m2) = 13.1 x 72 = 943.2 m2
CL = 0.75
G = 2.0
Pz = 1.0 kN/m2
Fv = 1383.15 KN 1.466 kN/m2 Downward

Fv = -1383.15 KN -1.466 kN/m2 Upward
3
DESIGN OF ARCH RIBS
Unsupported length of member Lx = 6.00 m
LY = 6.00 m
Sectional Properties:
A = 6.16E-02 m2 rxx = 0.372 m
Ixx = 8.52E-03 m 4
ryy = 0.251 m
Iyy = 3.88E-03 m4
Bending Bending Shear Shear

Axial Moment(M Moment
ULS LOAD COMBINATION Force , kN xx or Mzz) , (Myy) , Force FY Force FZ
kNm kNm (KN) (KN)
Maximum Force Maximum axial force an12213.0 379.0 231.0 274.0 225.0
Maximum Moment Max BM and corr force 9728.0 1065.0 34.0
Check for Section Class :

Web Class
d = 960
tw = 20
d/tw = 48.000 Slender
Design bending strength of Member (Mdxx):

Mdx = βbZpxfbdx
Elastic critical moment (Mcrx): Mcrx = βbZpxfcr,bx
βb = 1.00E+00 (1 For Plastic/Compact section, Ze/Zp for semicompact)
Effective length for lateral torsional buckling(LLT) = 1*Lx = 6.00 m
Radius of gyration of Member, rxx = 0.372 m
Slenderness ratio = kLx = 16.13

rxx
hf = 725.000 tf = 25.000 hf/tf = 29.00
fcr,b x = 8406.7 Mpa
Plastic sectional modulus , Zpx = 1.79E+07 mm3
Mcr = bb Zpx fcr.bx = 1.51E+05 KNm
λLT = 0.169
φLT = 0.5(1+αLT(λLT-0.2)+λLT 2)
αLT = 0.49 For welded section
φLT = 0.507
χLT = 1 = 1.000
{φLT+[φ -λ ] }
LT
2
LT
2 0.5
fbdx = χLT (fy/γm0) = 218.18 Mpa
Mdx = 3906.8 KNm

> 379.00 KNm
Hence OK
Design bending strength of Member (Mdyy):

Mdy = βbZpyfbdy
Elastic critical moment (Mcry): Mcry = βbZpyfcr,by
βb = 8.91E-01 (1 For Plastic/Compact section, Ze/Zp for semicompact)
Effective length for lateral torsional buckling(LLT) = 1*Ly = 6.00 m
Radius of gyration of Member, ryy = 0.251 m
Slenderness ratio = kLy = 23.90

ry
hf = 1175.000 tf = 25.000 hf/tf = 47.00
fcr,b y = 3824.6 Mpa
Plastic sectional modulus , Zpy = 3.48E+07 mm3
Mcr = bb Zpy fcr.by = 1.18E+05 KNm
λLT = 0.251
φLT = 0.5(1+αLT(λLT-0.2)+λLT 2)
φLT = 0.544
χLT = 1 = 0.974
{φLT+[φLT2-λLT2]0.5}
fbdy = χLT (fy/γm0) = 212.58 Mpa
Mdy = 6586.1 KNm

> 231.00 KNm
Hence OK
βb = 1.00
Zp = 2.06E+07 mm3
DESIGN OF WEB FOR SHEAR :

Max Shear force = 274.00 KN
Shear Capacity
Vn = Vp = Avfyw
3
Av = d*tw (For Welded Section) = 38400
Vn = 7316.18 KN > 274.00 KN

Safe in Shear
As the Shear force V < 0.6*Vd
Design bending strength in x-x direction

Mdz or Mdx = βbZpfy = 6175.20 KNm
γm0 > 1065.00 KNm
Hence OK
& > 1.2. Ze. fy
where γm0
1.2. Zex. fy = 6134.55 KNm
γm0
Design bending strength-Y-Y direction

Mdy = βbZpfy = 6175.20 KNm
γm0 > 231.00 KNm
Hence OK
& > 1.2. Ze. fy
where γm0
1.2. Zey. fy = 6134.55 KNm
γm0
Axial Force Capacity of Section along X-X axis
Design Axial Force = 12213.000 KN Compressive Force

Effective length = 6.00 m
Mininum Radius of gyration , rxx = 0.372 m
Slenderness ratio = kLxx = 16.13 < 250

rxx SAFE
E = 2.0E+05 MPa
fcc = π2E = 7584.0

(KL/rx) 2
λ = fy = 0.209
fcc
χ = 1 = 0.996
(Φ+(Φ -λ ) )
2 2 0.5
Φ = 0.5(1+α(λ-0.2)+λ2) = 0.524
b/t = #DIV/0! h/tw = 48.00
α = 0.49 Maximum of buckling class 'c along z-z as per Table 4
fcd,x = χfy = 298.7 MPa

γm0
Design Strength of member, pdx

Pdx = Ae*fcdx = 18398.98 KN
> 12213.00 KN
OK
Axial Force Capacity of Section along Y-Y axis
Design Axial Force = 12213 KN Compressive Force
Mininum Radius of gyration , ry = 0.251 m
Slenderness ratio = kLyy = 28.68 < 250

ryy SAFE
E = 2.0E+05 MPa
fcc = π2E = 2399.0

(KL/ry) 2
λ = fy = 0.371
fcc
χ = 1 = 0.937
(Φ+(Φ -λ ) )
2 2 0.5
Φ = 0.5(1+α(λ-0.2)+λ2) = 0.598
α = 0.34 buckling class b along y-y' as per Table 4
fcd,y = χfy = 281.2 MPa

γm0
Design Strength of member, pdy

Pdy = Ae*fcdy = 17324.43 KN
> 12213.00 KN
OK
Check for Section Strength

as per clause 510.3.1.1 of IRC:24-2010
N + My + Mz ≤ 1.0
Nd Myd Mzd
where , Mz = Mx & Mzd = Mzd
Nd = Ag . Fy/ym = 1.85E+07 N 18480.00 KN
Case 1 : Max compression with corresponding moment

12213.00 + 231.00 + 379.00 =
18480.00 6175.20 6175.20
0.661 + 0.037 + 0.061 = 0.760 < 1

SAFE
Case 2 : Max moment with corresponding compression

9728.00 + 34.00 + 1065.00 =
18480.00 6175.20 6175.20
0.526 + 0.006 + 0.172 = 0.704 < 1

SAFE
Check for Overall stability of member for combined axial and bending moment
As per Clause 510.3.2.2 of IRC:24-2010 -
P/Pdy + Ky . Cmy . My / Mdy + KLT. Mz / Mdz≤ 1.0
P/Pdx + 0.6Ky . Cmy . My / Mdy + Kz . Cmz . Mz / Mdz≤ 1.0
P = 12213.00 KN
pdy = 17324.43 KN
pdx = pdz = 18398.98 KN
Mz = Mx = 379.00 kNm My = 231.00 kNm
Mdz=Mdx = 6175.20 kNm Mdy = 6175.20 kNm
Kz = 1+ (λz - 0.2) . P/ Pdz ≤ ( 1+ 0.8 P/ Pdz)

λz = 0.21
Kz = 1.006
Yz = Min End moment = 0.50

Max End moment
Cmz = 0.6 + 0.4 Yz = 0.800 ≥ 0.4 SAFE
Ky = 1+ (λy - 0.2) . P/ Pdy ≤ ( 1+ 0.8 P/ Pdy)

λy = 0.37
Ky = 1.120
Yy = Min End moment = 0.50

Max End moment
Cmy = 0.6 + 0.4 Yy = 0.80 ≥ 0.4 SAFE
Generally CMLT = Cmz = 0.80
KLT = 1 - (0.1 λLT .ny) / ( CmLT - 0.25 ) ≥ 1 - ( 0.1 ny)/ ( CmLT - 0.25)
ny = P/Py = 0.705
λLT = 0.209
KLT = 0.973 ≥ 0.872 OK
Check: P/Pdy + Ky . Cmy . My / Mdy + KLT. Mz / Mdz≤ 1.0
= 12213.00 + 1.120 x 0.800 x 231.00 + 0.973 x 379.00

17324.43 6175.20 6175.20
= 0.705 + 0.034 + 0.060
= 0.798 ≤ 1 OK
Check: P/Pdx + 0.6Ky . Cmy . My / Mdy + Kz . Cmz . Mz / Mdz≤ 1.0
= 12213.00 + 0.672 x 0.800 x 231.00 + 0.805 x 379.00

18398.98 6175.20 6175.20
= 0.664 + 0.020 + 0.049
= 0.733 ≤ 1 OK

P = 9728.00 KN
pdy = 17324.43 KN
pdx = pdz = 18398.98 KN
Mz = Mx = 1065.00 kNm My = 231.00 kNm
Kz = 1+ (λz - 0.2) . P/ Pdz ≤ ( 1+ 0.8 P/ Pdz)
Kz = 1.005
Yz = Min End moment = 0.50 from staad

Max End moment
Cmz = 0.6 + 0.4 Yz = 0.800 ≥ 0.4 SAFE
Ky = 1+ (λy - 0.2) . P/ Pdy ≤ ( 1+ 0.8 P/ Pdy)
Ky = 1.096
Yy = Min End moment = 0.50 from staad

Max End moment
Cmy = 0.6 + 0.4 Yy = 0.80 ≥ 0.4 SAFE
ny = P/Py = 0.562
λLT = 0.209
KLT = 0.979 ≥ 0.898 OK
= 9728.00 + 1.096 x 0.800 x 231.00 + 0.979 x 1065.00

17324.43 6175.20 6175.20
= 0.562 + 0.033 + 0.169
= 0.763 ≤ 1 OK
= 9728.00 + 0.658 x 0.800 x 231.00 + 0.804 x 1065.00

18398.98 6175.20 6175.20
= 0.529 + 0.020 + 0.139
= 0.687 ≤ 1 OK
DESIGN OF MAIN LONG. BEAM
LY = 72.00 m
A = 7.76E-02 m2 rxx = 0.500 m
Ixx = 1.94E-02 m4 ryy = 0.260 m
Iyy = 5.23E-03 m 4
Bending Bending Shear

Axial Moment(M Moment Shear Force
ULS LOAD COMBINATION Force FY
Force , kN xx or Mzz) , (Myy) , FZ (KN)
kNm kNm (KN)
Maximum Maximum axial force and corr forc 8875.0 1036.0 459.0 716.0 548.0
Max BM and corr forces 2430.0 2395.0 12
Web Class
d = 1360
tw = 20
d/tw = 68.000 Plastic

Shear Capacity
Vn = Vp = Avfyw
3
Vn = 10364.59 KN > 716.00 KN

Safe in Shear

γm0 > 2395.00 KNm
Hence OK

γm0 > 459.00 KNm
Hence OK

N + My + Mz ≤ 1.0
Nd Myd Mzd
Nd = Ag . Fy/ym = 2.33E+07 N 23280.00 KN
Case 1 : Max Tension/compression with corresponding moment

8875.00 + 459.00 + 1036.00 =
23280.00 10351.20 10351.20
0.381 + 0.044 + 0.100 = 0.526 < 1

SAFE
Case 2 : Max moment with corresponding Tension/compression

2430.00 + 12.00 + 2395.00 =
23280.00 10351.20 10351.20
0.104 + 0.001 + 0.231 = 0.337 < 1

DESIGN OF VERTICAL HANGERS FROM ARCH RIBS
LY = 12.00 m
A = 5.15E-02 m2 rxx = 0.228 m
Ixx = 2.68E-03 m4 ryy = 0.198 m
Iyy = 2.01E-03 m4

kNm kNm (KN) (KN)
Maximum Axial Force Tension 1268.0 406.0 897.0 613.0 267.0

Maximum Moment Tension 1054.0 304.0 1925.0
874.0 1362.0 877
Web Class
d = 550 Plastic
tw = 25 ###
d/tw = 22.000 Plastic ###
βb = 1.00
Zp = 1.07E+07 mm3

Shear Capacity
Vn = Vp = Avfyw
3
Vn = 5239.45 KN > 613.00 KN ###

Safe in Shear

γm0 > 406.00 KNm
Hence OK
γm0 > 1925.00 KNm
Hence OK
14
Effective length = 12.00 m Table 12 (Clause -

rxx SAFE
E = 2.0E+05 MPa
fcc = π2E = 712.9

(KL/rx) 2
λ = fy = 0.680
fcc
χ = 1 = 0.737
(Φ+(Φ -λ ) )2 2 0.5
Φ = 0.5(1+α(λ-0.2)+λ2) = 0.849
b/t = 19.2 h/tw = 22.00

γm0

> 1268.00 KN
OK
Effective length = 12.00 m Table 12 (Clause -

ryy SAFE
15
E = 2.0E+05 MPa
fcc = π2E = 535.9

(KL/ry) 2
λ = fy = 0.785
fcc
χ = 1 = 0.734
(Φ+(Φ -λ ) )
2 2 0.5
Φ = 0.5(1+α(λ-0.2)+λ2) = 0.907

γm0

> 1268.00 KN
OK

N + My + Mz ≤ 1.0
Nd Myd Mzd
Nd = Ag . Fy/ym = 1.55E+07 N 15450.00 KN

1268.00 + 897.00 + 406.00 =
15450.00 3204.38 3204.38
0.082 + 0.280 + 0.127 = 0.489 < 1

SAFE

1054.00 + 1925.00 + 304.00 =
15450.00 3204.38 3204.38
0.068 + 0.601 + 0.095 = 0.764 < 1

SAFE
16
P = 1268.00 KN
pdy = 11337.79 KN
pdx = pdz = 11383.47 KN
Mz = Mx = 406.00 kNm My = 897.00 kNm
Kz = 1+ (λz - 0.2) . P/ Pdz ≤ ( 1+ 0.8 P/ Pdz)

λz = 0.68
Kz = 1.054 ≤
DL1
Yz = Min End moment = 0.50 Max
Max End moment Min
Cmz = 0.6 + 0.4 Yz = 0.800 ≥ 0.4 SAFE
Ky = 1+ (λy - 0.2) . P/ Pdy ≤ ( 1+ 0.8 P/ Pdy)

λy = 0.78 ≤
Ky = 1.065 DL1
Max
Yy = Min End moment = 0.50 Min
Max End moment
Cmy = 0.6 + 0.4 Yy = 0.80 ≥ 0.4 SAFE
ny = P/Py = 0.112
λLT = 0.680
KLT = 0.986 ≥ 0.980 OK
= 1268.00 + 1.065 x 0.800 x 897.00 + 0.986 x 406.00

11337.79 3204.38 3204.38
= 0.112 + 0.239 + 0.125
17
= 0.475 ≤ 1 OK
= 1268.00 + 0.639 x 0.800 x 897.00 + 0.843 x 406.00

11383.47 3204.38 3204.38
= 0.111 + 0.143 + 0.107
= 0.361 ≤ 1 OK

P = 1054.00 KN
pdy = 11337.79 KN
pdx = pdz = 11383.47 KN
Mz = Mx = 304.00 kNm My = 1925.00 kNm
Kz = 1+ (λz - 0.2) . P/ Pdz ≤ ( 1+ 0.8 P/ Pdz)
Kz = 1.044 ≤
DL1
Yz = Min End moment = 0.50 from staad Max
Max End moment Min
Cmz = 0.6 + 0.4 Yz = 0.800 ≥ 0.4 SAFE
Ky = 1+ (λy - 0.2) . P/ Pdy ≤ ( 1+ 0.8 P/ Pdy)

≤
Ky = 1.054 DL1
Max
Yy = Min End moment = 0.50 from staad Min
Max End moment
Cmy = 0.6 + 0.4 Yy = 0.80 ≥ 0.4 SAFE
ny = P/Py = 0.093
λLT = 0.680
KLT = 0.988 ≥ 0.983 OK
18
= 1054.00 + 1.054 x 0.800 x 1925.00 + 0.988 x 304.00

11337.79 3204.38 3204.38
= 0.093 + 0.507 + 0.094
= 0.693 ≤ 1 OK
= 1054.00 + 0.633 x 0.800 x 1925.00 + 0.836 x 304.00

11383.47 3204.38 3204.38
= 0.093 + 0.304 + 0.079
= 0.476 ≤ 1 OK
19
DESIGN OF TOP CROSS MEMBER
LY = 12.60 m
Live load impact factor = 1
A = 1.86E-02 m2 rxx = 0.158 m
Ixx = 4.68E-04 m 4
ryy = 0.158 m
Iyy = 4.68E-04 m4

kNm kNm (KN) (KN)
Maximum Tension 575.0 59.3 26.0 17.2 18.0

Web Class
d = 376
tw = 12
βb = 1.00
Zp = 2.71E+06 mm3

Shear Capacity
Vn = Vp = Avfyw
3
Vn = 1719.30 KN > 18.00 KN

Safe in Shear

γm0 > 59.34 KNm
Hence OK
& < 1.2. Ze. fy SAFE
where γm0
1.2. Zex. fy = 841.92 KNm
20
γm0

γm0 > 26.00 KNm
Hence OK
& < 1.2. Ze. fy
where γm0
1.2. Zey. fy = 841.92 KNm
γm0

rxx SAFE
E = 2.0E+05 MPa
fcc = π2E = 312.3

(KL/rx) 2
λ = fy = 1.028
fcc
χ = 1 = 0.524
(Φ+(Φ2-λ2)0.5)
Φ = 0.5(1+α(λ-0.2)+λ2) = 1.231
b/t = 33.333 h/tw = 31.333

γm0

> 575.00 KN
OK
21

ryy SAFE
E = 2.0E+05 MPa
fcc = π2E = 739.1

(KL/ry)2
λ = fy = 0.668
fcc
χ = 1 = 0.801
(Φ+(Φ -λ ) )
2 2 0.5
Φ = 0.5(1+α(λ-0.2)+λ2) = 0.803

γm0

> 575.00 KN
OK

N + My + Mz ≤ 1.0
Nd Myd Mzd
Nd = Ag . Fy/ym = 5.59E+06 N 5587.20 KN

575.00 + 26.00 + 59.34 =
22
5587.20 813.20 813.20
0.103 + 0.032 + 0.073 = 0.208 < 1

SAFE

575.00 + 26.00 + 59.34 =
5587.20 813.20 813.20
0.103 + 0.032 + 0.073 = 0.208 < 1

SAFE
P = 575.00 KN
pdy = 4477.33 KN
pdx = pdz = 2926.89 KN
Mz = Mx = 59.34 kNm My = 26.00 kNm
Kz = 1+ (λz - 0.2) . P/ Pdz ≤ ( 1+ 0.8 P/ Pdz)

λz = 1.03
Kz = 1.157
Yz = Min End moment = 0.50

Max End moment
Cmz = 0.6 + 0.4 Yz = 0.800 ≥ 0.4 SAFE
Ky = 1+ (λy - 0.2) . P/ Pdy ≤ ( 1+ 0.8 P/ Pdy)

λy = 0.67
Ky = 1.060
Yy = Min End moment = 0.50

Max End moment
Cmy = 0.6 + 0.4 Yy = 0.80 ≥ 0.4 SAFE
ny = P/Py = 0.128
23
λLT = 0.668
KLT = 0.984 ≥ 0.977 OK
= 575.00 + 1.060 x 0.800 x 26.00 + 0.984 x 59.34

4477.33 813.20 813.20
= 0.128 + 0.027 + 0.072
= 0.227 ≤ 1 OK
= 575.00 + 0.636 x 0.800 x 26.00 + 0.926 x 59.34

2926.89 813.20 813.20
= 0.196 + 0.016 + 0.068
= 0.280 ≤ 1 OK

P = 575.00 KN
pdy = 4477.33 KN
pdx = pdz = 2926.89 KN
Mz = Mx = 59.34 kNm My = 26.00 kNm
Kz = 1+ (λz - 0.2) . P/ Pdz ≤ ( 1+ 0.8 P/ Pdz)
Kz = 1.157
Yz = Min End moment = 0.50 from staad

Max End moment
Cmz = 0.6 + 0.4 Yz = 0.800 ≥ 0.4 SAFE
Ky = 1+ (λy - 0.2) . P/ Pdy ≤ ( 1+ 0.8 P/ Pdy)
Ky = 1.060
Yy = Min End moment = 0.50 from staad

Max End moment
Cmy = 0.6 + 0.4 Yy = 0.80 ≥ 0.4 SAFE
24
ny = P/Py = 0.128
λLT = 0.668
KLT = 0.984 ≥ 0.977 OK
= 575.00 + 1.060 x 0.800 x 26.00 + 0.984 x 59.34

4477.33 813.20 813.20
= 0.128 + 0.027 + 0.072
= 0.227 ≤ 1 OK
= 575.00 + 0.636 x 0.800 x 26.00 + 0.926 x 59.34

2926.89 813.20 813.20
= 0.196 + 0.016 + 0.068
= 0.280 ≤ 1 OK
25
DESIGN OF INTERMEDIATE CROSS BEAM
Unsupported length of member Lo = 12.60 m
Live load impact factor = 1.000
Non-Composite Sectional Properties:
A = 2.84E-02 m2 rxx = 0.2527 m
Ixx = 1.81E-03 m 4
ryy = 0.1026 m
Iyy = 2.99E-04 m4
Bending Shear Axial

ULS LOAD COMBINATION Moment , Force , kN Force , kN
kNm
For Non-Composite Section

1.35 DL + 1.35 CL 471.2 234.9 110.7
( truss weight+green wgt. of slab+Constr. Load)
Inner Beam
For Composite Section - Permenant Case
1.35DL+1.35SIDL1+1.75SIDL2 614.0 295.0 116.0
Inner Beam
For Composite Section -Transient Case
1.35DL+1.35SIDL1+1.75SIDL2 = 614.0 295.0 116.0
1.5 CWLL for 3 Lane = 529.0 770.5 120.8
1143.0 1065.5 236.8

Flange Class Web Class
b = 144 mm d = 543
t = 25 mm tw = 12
b/t = 5.76 Plastic d/tw = 45.25 Plastic
(Note: Section is assumed as laterally unsupported beams )

Design bending strength of beam (Md): Md = βbZpfbd
Elastic critical moment (Mcr): Mcr = βbZpfcr,b
βb = 0.80 (1 For Plastic/Compact section, Ze/Zp for semicompact)
Effective length for lateral torsional buckling(LLT) = 1*L = 12.60 m
Radius of gyration of longitundinal girder = 0.25 m
Slenderness ratio = kL = 49.86

r
hf = 571.5 tf = 25.000 hf/tf = 22.86
fcr,b = 971.8 Mpa
Plastic sectional modulus , Zp = 6.2E+06 mm3
λLT = 0.583
26
φLT = 0.5(1+αLT(λLT-0.2)+λLT 2)
φLT = 0.764
χLT = 1 = 0.796
{φLT+[φ -λLT ] }
LT
2 2 0.5
fbd = χLT (fy/γm0) = 238.67 Mpa
Md = 1179.4 KNm
> 471.15 KNm
Hence OK

a.) Shear Capacity
Vn = Vp = Avfyw
3
Av = d*tw (For Welded Section) = 6516.00
Vn = 1241.46 KN > 234.90 KN

Safe in Shear
b.) Shear Buckling Design d < 67ε

tw
d/tw = 45.25 < 58.32
NO NEED TO CHECK FOR WEB BUCKLING
27
Axial Force Capacity of Section
Effective length 1*L = 12.60 m
Mininum Radius of gyration = 0.25 m
kL = = 49.86 OK
r
E = 2.0E+05 MPa
fcc = π2E = 794.0

(KL/ry)2
λ = fy = 0.645
fcc
χ = 1 = 0.759
(Φ+(Φ -λ ) )
2 2 0.5
Φ = 0.5(1+α(λ-0.2)+λ2) = 0.8
α = 0.49 Maximum of buckling class 'b along z-z & c along y-y' as
per Table 4
fcd = χfy = 227.6 MPa

γm0
Design Strength of member

Pd = Ae*fcd = 6466.92 KN
> 110.700 KN
OK
As per Clause 510.3.2.2 of IRC:24-2010 - P/Pdz + Kz . Cmz . Mz / Mdz ≤ 1.0
P = 110.70 KN
pdz = 6466.92 KN
Mz = 471.15
Mdz = 1179.40
Kz = 1+ (λz - 0.2) . P/ Pdz ≤ ( 1+ 0.8 P/ Pdz)
λz = 0.64
Kz = 1.008 ≤ 1.014 OK
Cmz = 0.9
Interaction ratio = 0.017 + 0.362 = 0.379 ≤ 1 SAFE
Cross BEAM - Composite Section
Effective Width of Concrete Slab
28
For Inner Beam beff = L0 < (B1+B2)
4 2
where L0 = 12.60 m
B1 = B2 = B = 3.00 m
beff = 3.15 > 3.00

Hence, beff = 3m
For Outer Beam beff = L0 + X

8
L0 < B and X < B
8 2 2
1.575 > 1.5 and 1.00 < 1.5
beff = 1.5 + 1
= 2.5 m
Modular Ratio
Modular Ratio for Composite Section with Prefabricated units in Steel for Transient Loads
m = Es = Modulas of Elasticity of steel of Beam

Ec Modulas of Elasticity of Cast-in-situ concrete at 28-days
But Es > 7.5 For Transient Loading
Ec
Es > 15 For Permanent loading
KcEc
Kc Creep factor = 0.5
m = Es = 200000 = 6.00 < 7.5

Ec 33346
m For Transient Loading = 7.5
m = Es = 200000 = 12.00 < 15

KcEc 16672.88
m For Permanent loading = 15
For the calculation of equivalent area of deck, divide the effective width of concrete slab by modular ratio
Effective Width of Concrete Slab for Inner Beam For Permanent Loading
3000.00 = 200.00 mm
15.00
Thickness of Deck Slab = 250 mm
Max . Bending Moment due to DL+SIDL = 614.00 kN.m
Calculation of the Moment of Inertia for Composite Section for Beam

Ai(mm2) ye(mm) Aye(mm ) Ay2e It =
3
SR. ELEMENT Ixx (self)
NO. (mm4) (mm4) Ixx (self)+Ay2e
1 Inner Beam 28416 617.23 1.8E+07 1.1E+10 1.8E+09 1.26E+10
29
2 Deck Slab 50000.0 125.00 6.3E+06 7.8E+08 2.6E+08 1.04E+09
S 78416.0 2.4E+07 1.37E+10
Therefore of N.A. from Top Fibre of Deck Slab = 2.4E+07 = 303.37 mm

7.8E+04
Moment of Inertia about N.A. of the composite Section
= 1.4E+10 - 7.8E+04 x ( 303.374 )^2
= 6.47E+09 mm 4
yt = 303.37 mm, yb= 546.63 mm

Zt = Ixx = 6E+09 = 2.13E+07 mm3
yt 303.37
Zb = Ixx = 6E+09 = 1.18E+07 mm3
yb 546.63
Elastic section modulus (Ze) = 1.18E+07 mm3
Moment of resistance
Neutral axis within of a composite section 197.33 mm depth from top of deck.
Moment of resistance Mp = 1879.66 KNm > 614.00 KNm

Hence OK
Effective Width of Concrete Slab for Inner Beam For Transient Loading
3000.00 = 400.00 mm
7.50
Max . Bending Moment due to DL+SIDL+LL = 1143.00 kN.m
Calculation of the Moment of Inertia for Composite Section for Beam

3
NO. (mm )
4
(mm ) 4
Ixx (self)+Ay2e
1 Inner Beam 28416 617.23 1.8E+07 1.1E+10 1.8E+09 1.26E+10
2 Deck Slab 100000.0 125.00 1.3E+07 1.6E+09 5.2E+08 2.08E+09
S 128416 3.0E+07 1.47E+10

1.3E+05
= 1.5E+10 - 1.3E+05 x ( 233.922 )^2
= 7.70E+09 mm4
yt = 234 mm, yb= 616 mm

Zt = Ixx = 8E+09 = 3.29E+07 mm3
yt 234
Zb = Ixx = 8E+09 = 1.25E+07 mm3
yb 616
Neutral axis within of a composite section 197.33 mm depth from top.
30
Hence OK
DESIGN OF JOINT BETWEEN FLANGE PLATE & WEB : -

Assuming size of the fillet weld = 12 mm
The permissible stress in the fillet weld = 131 Mpa
The shear strength of the filled weld

P = Pq . L . t
= Pq . t N/mm ( t = Throat Thickness)
= 131 x 0.707 x 12
= 1111.40 N/mm.
First moment of area of Flangle plate @ C.G. is top plate
Q = 300 x 25 x( 367.2 - 12.5 )

= 2.7E+06 mm3
The shear flow is ,

q = VQ
I
= 1065.5 x 1000 x 2.7E+06
1.8E+09
= 1562.10 N/mm
Providing 12 mm fillet weld whose strength is = 1111.40 N/mm.

be used at both faces, then the required length of weld for 1000 mm length of girder is ,
weld length = 1562.10 x 1000

2 x 1111.40
= 702.8 mm/1000 mm Length
However Provide 12.00 mm fillet weld continous throughout the length. safe
First moment of area of Flangle plate @ C.G. is bottom plate
Q = 450 x 32 x( 232.8 - 16.0 )

= 3.1E+06 mm3
The shear flow is ,

q = VQ
I
= 1065.5 x 1000 x 3.1E+06
1.8E+09
= 1832.72 N/mm
Providing weld whose strength is = 1111.40 N/mm.

weld length = 1832.72 x 1000

2 x 1111.40
31
However Provide 12 mm fillet weld continous throughout the length. safe
Fatigue check for Flange to web fillet weld
Partial Safety Factor = 1.25

Shear flow at weld location = 1466.18 N/mm (Max. of top and bottom)
Assume Life cycle of bridge Nsc = 2 x 10 6
Uncorrected Fatigue stress range :
a.) Normal Stress Range

ff = ffn 3
5x106/Nsc
ffn = 92 Mpa
ff = 124.86 Mpa
Design Fatigue strength :
Normal Stress
f < ffd = µrff
γmf
γmf = 1.25
µr = (25/tp)0.25 < 1.0

= 0.9401508
ffd = 93.9 Mpa
Allowable Shear flow = 2X 0.707 X 12 X 93.9

1593.50 N/mm
> 1466.18 N/mm
Safe
DESIGN OF SHEAR CONNECTOR

H.T. SHEAR CONNECTORS
Shear connector between RC deck slab and fabricated steel girder shall be designed
which will be of flexible type deriving resistance to horizontal shear through bending.
It is proposed to provide welded stud with minimum ultimate strength of 495Mpa,
yield point of 385Mpa and elongation of 18%
Safe Shear resistance of one shear connector is

Shear Stud Connectors with minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength (Futs = 495MPa), Nelson Studs
dia of strud-(d) = 25 mm(assume)
area = 490.6 mm^2
h = 200 mm(assume)
top dia = 37.5 mm
fck = 40 Mpa
32
Allowable range of Horizontal shear per stud connector
From strength criteria

Qu = 116.8 KN
Provide Stud = 3 nos

SQ = 3 x 116800
= 350400 N
Longitudinal Shear / unit length VL = (V Ac Y / I)dl,ll
33
At Support panel
Shear Width(m Depth(m
force m) m) m Ac(mm^2) Y(mm) I(mm^4) Vl(N/mm)
V(kN)
Dead Load+SIDL 295 3000 250 15 50000.0 178.37 6.47E+09 406.95
Live load 770.50 3000 250 7.5 100000.0 108.92 7.70E+09 1090.34
Spacing = 234.02 mm
Provide 3 nos 100 mm c/c Safe
For Full Shear connection
H1 = Ast*fy*10-3
γm
H2 = 0.36*fck*Aec*10-3
Ast = 21408.934 mm2

Aec = 592000 mm2
H1 = 6422.6803 kN
H2 = 8524.8 kN
Therefore,
H = 6422.6803 kN minimum of H1 & H2
Spacing = 343.71 mm
From fatigue criteria (only live load is considered)

Qr = 21.6 KN
Provide shear stud = 3 nos

SQ = 3 x 21600
= 64800 N
Longitudinal Shear / unit length VL = (V Ac Y / I)ll
Shear
force Width Depth m Ac(mm^2) Y(mm) I(mm^4) Vl(N/mm)
V(kN) (mm) (mm)
Live load 513.67 3000.00 250.00 7.5 100000.0 108.92 7.70E+09 726.90
Spacing = 89.15 mm
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE - CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

For checking the stress limit, FREQUENT combination is used
(considering the whole superstructure)= Length = 12.60
According to Cl. 504.5.1 of IRC - 24-2010 the permissible deflection for
34
(DL + LL + SIDL) = L/600 = 21.0 mm
However , this restriction shall not apply if minimum in place pre camber is provided to compensate
for all dead and superimposed dead load deflections.
For LL only = L/800 = 15.75 mm
Deflection due to DL and SIDL = 17.50 mm

Deflection due to LL(70R Wheeled OR 2-Lane Class A ) = 0.00 mm
Deflection due to LL(FPLL) = 0.00 mm
Deflection due to LL(1-7ORW OR 2 lane Class A +FPLL) 0.00 mm
Deflection due to LL(1-70RW + 1-CLASS A OR 3 lane of Class A) = 12.00 mm
Hence Deflection due to Live load = 12.00 < 15.75

O.K.
35
DESIGN OF END CROSS BEAM
Unsupported length of member Lo = 12.60 m
Live load impact factor = 1.000
Non-Composite Sectional Properties:
A = 2.06E-02 m2 rxx = 0.2167 m
Ixx = 9.67E-04 m 4
ryy = 0.1269 m
Iyy = 3.32E-04 m4
Bending Shear Axial

ULS LOAD COMBINATION Moment , Force , kN Force , kN
kNm
For Non-Composite Section

1.35 DL + 1.35 CL 309.2 236.3 324.0
( truss weight+green wgt. of slab+Constr. Load)
Outer Stringers
For Composite Section - Permenant Case
1.35DL+1.35SIDL1+1.75SIDL2 402.0 312.0 427.0
Outer Stringers
For Composite Section -Transient Case
1.35DL+1.35SIDL1+1.75SIDL2 = 402.0 312.0 427.0
1.5 CWLL for 3 Lane = 378.0 483.0 367.5
780.0 795.0 794.5

Web Class
d = 576
tw = 12

a.) Shear Capacity
Vn = Vp = Avfyw
3
Av = d*tw (For Welded Section) = 6912.00
Vn = 1316.91 KN > 236.25 KN

Safe in Shear
b.) Shear Buckling Design d < 67ε

tw
d/tw = 48.00 < 58.32
NO NEED TO CHECK FOR WEB BUCKLING
36
Axial Force Capacity of Section
Effective length 1*L = 12.60 m
Mininum Radius of gyration = 0.22 m
kL = = 58.14 OK
r
E = 2.0E+05 MPa
fcc = π2E = 584.0

(KL/ry)2
λ = fy = 0.752
fcc
χ = 1 = 0.692
(Φ+(Φ -λ ) )
2 2 0.5
Φ = 0.5(1+α(λ-0.2)+λ2) = 0.9
α = 0.49 Maximum of buckling class 'b along z-z & c along y-y' as
per Table 4
fcd = χfy = 207.7 MPa

γm0
Design Strength of member

Pd = Ae*fcd = 4277.88 KN
> 324.000 KN
OK
END BEAM - Composite Section
Effective Width of Concrete Slab

For Inner Stringer beff = L0 < (B1+B2)
4 2
where L0 = 12.60 m
B1 = B2 = B = 2.50 m
beff = 3.15 > 2.50

Hence, beff = 2.5 m
For Outer Stringer beff = L0 + X

8
L0 < B and X < B
8 2 2
37
1.575 > 1.25 and 1.00 < 1.25
beff = 1.25 + 1
= 2.25 m
Modular Ratio
Modular Ratio for Composite Section with Prefabricated units in Steel for Transient Loads
m = Es = Modulas of Elasticity of steel of Stringer

Ec Modulas of Elasticity of Cast-in-situ concrete at 28-days
But Es > 7.5 For Transient Loading
Ec
Es > 15 For Permanent loading
KcEc
Kc Creep factor = 0.5
m = Es = 200000 = 6.00 < 7.5

Ec 33346
m For Transient Loading = 7.5
m = Es = 200000 = 12.00 < 15

KcEc 16672.88
m For Permanent loading = 15
For the calculation of equivalent area of deck, divide the effective width of concrete slab by modular ratio
Effective Width of Concrete Slab for Outer Stringer For Permanent Loading
2250.00 = 150.00 mm
15.00
Thickness of Deck Slab = 250 mm
Max . Bending Moment due to DL+SIDL = 402.00 kN.m
Calculation of the Moment of Inertia for Composite Section for Stringer

3
NO. (mm ) 4
(mm ) 4
Ixx (self)+Ay2e
1 Outer Stringer 20592 550.00 1.1E+07 6.2E+09 9.7E+08 7.20E+09
2 Deck Slab 37500.0 125.00 4.7E+06 5.9E+08 2.0E+08 7.81E+08
S 58092.0 1.6E+07 7.98E+09

5.8E+04
= 8.0E+09 - 5.8E+04 x ( 275.651 )^2
= 3.56E+09 mm 4
yt = 275.65 mm, yb= 574.35 mm

Zt = Ixx = 4E+09 = 1.29E+07 mm3
yt 275.65
38
Zb = Ixx = 4E+09 = 6.20E+06 mm3
yb 574.35
Neutral axis of a composite section 190.67 mm depth from top of deck.

Hence OK
Effective Width of Concrete Slab for Outer Stringer For Transient Loading
2250.00 = 300.00 mm
7.50
Max . Bending Moment due to DL+SIDL+LL = 780.00 kN.m
Calculation of the Moment of Inertia for Composite Section for Stringer

3
NO. (mm4) (mm4) Ixx (self)+Ay2e
1 Outer Stringer 20592 550.00 1.1E+07 6.2E+09 9.7E+08 7.20E+09
2 Deck Slab 75000.0 125.00 9.4E+06 1.2E+09 3.9E+08 1.56E+09
S 95592 2.1E+07 8.76E+09

9.6E+04
= 8.8E+09 - 9.6E+04 x ( 216.552 )^2
= 4.28E+09 mm 4
yt = 217 mm, yb= 633 mm

Zt = Ixx = 4E+09 = 1.97E+07 mm3
yt 217
Zb = Ixx = 4E+09 = 6.75E+06 mm3
yb 633
39
Neutral axis of a composite section 190.67 mm depth from top.

Hence OK
DESIGN OF JOINT BETWEEN FLANGE PLATE & WEB : -

Assuming size of the fillet weld = 8 mm
The permissible stress in the fillet weld = 131 Mpa
The shear strength of the filled weld

P = Pq . L . t
= Pq . t N/mm ( t = Throat Thickness)
= 131 x 0.707 x 8
= 740.94 N/mm.
First moment of area of Flangle plate @ C.G. is top plate
Q = 282 x 12 x( 300.0 - 6.0 )

= 9.9E+05 mm3
The shear flow is ,

q = VQ
I
= 795.0 x 1000 x 9.9E+05
9.7E+08
= 817.69 N/mm
Providing 8 mm fillet weld whose strength is = 740.94 N/mm.

be used at one faces, then the required length of weld for 1000 mm length of girder is ,
weld length = 817.69 x 1000

1 x 740.94
= 1103.6 mm/1000 mm Length
However Provide 8.00 mm fillet weld continous throughout the length. safe
First moment of area of Flangle plate @ C.G. is bottom plate
Q = 282 x 12 x( 300.0 - 6.0 )

= 9.9E+05 mm3
The shear flow is ,

q = VQ
I
= 795.0 x 1000 x 9.9E+05
9.7E+08
= 817.69 N/mm
Providing 8 mm weld whose strength is = 740.94 N/mm.
40
weld length = 817.69 x 1000

2 x 740.94
However Provide 8 mm fillet weld continous throughout the length. safe
Fatigue check for Flange to web fillet weld
Partial Safety Factor = 1

Shear flow at weld location = 817.69 N/mm (Max. of top and bottom)
Assume Life cycle of bridge Nsc = 2 x 10 6
Uncorrected Fatigue stress range :
a.) Normal Stress Range

ff = ffn 3
5x106/Nsc
ffn = 92 Mpa
ff = 124.86 Mpa
Design Fatigue strength :
Normal Stress
f < ffd = µrff
γmf
γmf = 1.25
µr = (25/tp)0.25 < 1.0

= 1
ffd = 99.9 Mpa
Allowable Shear flow = 2X 0.707 X 8 X 99.9

1129.96 N/mm
> 817.69 N/mm
Safe
DESIGN OF SHEAR CONNECTOR

H.T. SHEAR CONNECTORS
Shear connector between RC deck slab and fabricated steel girder shall be designed
which will be of flexible type deriving resistance to horizontal shear through bending.
It is proposed to provide welded stud with minimum ultimate strength of 495Mpa,
yield point of 385Mpa and elongation of 18%
Safe Shear resistance of one shear connector is

Shear Stud Connectors with minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength (Futs = 495MPa), Nelson Studs
dia of strud-(d) = 25 mm(assume)
area = 490.6 mm^2
41
h = 200 mm(assume)
top dia = 37.5 mm
fck = 40 Mpa
Allowable range of Horizontal shear per stud connector
From strength criteria

Qu = 116.8 KN
Provide Stud = 3 nos

SQ = 3 x 116800
= 350400 N
Longitudinal Shear / unit length VL = (V Ac Y / I)dl,ll
42
At Support panel
Shear Width(m Depth(m
force m) m) m Ac(mm^2) Y(mm) I(mm^4) Vl(N/mm)
V(kN)
Dead Load+SIDL 312.0 2500 250 15 41666.7 150.65 3.56E+09 549.57
Live load 483.00 2500 250 7.5 83333.3 91.55 4.28E+09 861.75
Spacing = 248.28 mm
For Full Shear connection
H1 = Ast*fy*10-3
γm
H2 = 0.36*fck*Aec*10-3
Ast = 10841.381 mm2

Aec = 429000 mm2
H1 = 3252.4143 kN
H2 = 6177.6 kN
Therefore,
H = 3252.4143 kN minimum of H1 & H2
Spacing = 678.73 mm
From fatigue criteria (only live load is considered)

Qr = 21.6 KN
Provide shear stud = 3 nos

SQ = 3 x 21600
= 64800 N
Longitudinal Shear / unit length VL = (V Ac Y / I)ll
Shear
force Width Depth m Ac(mm^2) Y(mm) I(mm^4) Vl(N/mm)
V(kN) (mm) (mm)
Live load 322.00 2250.00 250.00 7.5 75000.0 91.55 4.28E+09 517.05
Spacing = 125.33 mm
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE - CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

For checking the stress limit, FREQUENT combination is used (As per Table 3.3, Annex B, IRC:6-2014)
(considering the whole superstructure)= Length = 12.60
According to Cl. 504.5.1 of IRC - 24-2010 the permissible deflection for
43
(DL + LL + SIDL) = L/600 = 21.0 mm
However , this restriction shall not apply if minimum in place pre camber is provided to compensate
for all dead and superimposed dead load deflections.
For LL only = L/800 = 15.75 mm
Deflection due to DL and SIDL = 19.73 mm

Deflection due to LL(70R Wheeled OR 2-Lane Class A ) = 0.00 mm
Deflection due to LL(FPLL) = 0.00 mm
Deflection due to LL(1-7ORW OR 2 lane Class A +FPLL) 0.00 mm
Deflection due to LL(1-70RW + 1-CLASS A OR 3 lane of Class A) = 13.54 mm
Hence Deflection due to Live load = 13.54 < 15.75

O.K.
44
Design Calculation ICT Bearing Design
DESIGN INPUTS
c/c Bearing (span) = 72.000 m

Skew Angle = 0 deg 0.000 rad
Total No. of Pin Beaing = 0
Total No. of Metallic. Guided bearings = 0
Total No. of Fix bearing B1 = 1
Total No. of Long. Guided bearings B2 = 1
Total No. of Trans. Guided bearings B3 = 1
Total No. of Free Bearings at free end B4 = 1
Total No. of bearings at Each Side n = 2

Total No. of bearings for one Span = 4
C/C distance of bearings (Trans) = 13.10 m
Total Width of Superstructure = 13.10 m
Maximum Free Length For Expansion in Transverse Direction = 13.10 m
Design Speed V = 100.00 kmph

Radius of Curvature R = 0.00 m
Friction Coeff. m = 0.05
Effective Bridge Temperature

Maximum Air Shade temperature = 45 /oC (as per Fig 15 of IRC:6-2017)
Minimum Air Shade temperature = -7.5 /oC (as per Fig 16 of IRC:6-2017)
Mean of max and min temperature = 26.25 /oC (as per clause 215.2 of IRC:6-2017)
Bridge temperature to be assumed = 36.25
Temperature Rise = 36.25
Temperature Fall = 16.25
Coefficient of Linear Expansion = 1.20E-05 /oC (Refer Cl:215.4 of IRC:6 - 2017)
SEISMIC COEFFICIENTS IMPACT FACTOR for LIVE LOAD

Horizontal-Long Ah 0.485 Class A 1.105
Horizontal-Trans Ah 0.171 Class 70R W 1.105
Vertical Av 0.323
Lane Reduction Factor = 0.9
0.00
B3 B4
6.55
CL of Carriage way
6.55
B1 B2
0.00
FIXED END FREE END
Symbol:
B1 - Fixed Bearing
B2 - Longitudinal Guided Bearing
B3 - Transverse Guided Bearing
B4 - Free Bearing
Unfactored Vertical Load (refer design of superstructure)
Vertical Load (KN) on Bearing

Load Case
BRG 1 BRG 2 BRG 3 BRG 4 6 7
Dead Load 3055.87 3045.31 3020.12 3009.67
SIDL1 296.00 296.00 296.00 296.00
SIDL2 533.17 533.17 533.17 533.17
FPLL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Live Load(Max) 722.36 1279.87 548.58 884.35
Live Load (Min) -0.23 -0.030 -2.889 -1.716

Live Load(SV) 404.29 1520.710 404.278 1520.722
Wind-Max -204.15 -165.121 911.291 939.886
Wind-Min -945.10 -906.075 170.337 198.932
NH-88 45 381247291.xlsx
Seismic-Max 390.63 400.41 383.79 389.29
Seismic-Min 376.62 375.60 373.10 372.11
Wind Force (refer design of superstructure)

Longitudinal Force
BRG1 BRG2 BRG3 BRG4
WIND -DOWNWARD = -3582.499 0 3176.765 0
WIND - UPWARD = -3582.499 0 3176.765 0
Max = 3582.499 0.000 3176.765 0.000
Transverse Force
BRG1 BRG2 BRG3 BRG4
WIND -DOWNWARD = -2122.499 -892.688 0 0
WIND - UPWARD = -2122.499 -892.688 0 0
Max = 2122.499 892.688 0.000 0.000
SLS Load Combination

CB1 DL+SIDL1+SIDL2+LL Max
CB2 DL+SIDL1+SIDL2+LL leading + WL acc
CB3 DL+SIDL1+SIDL2+LL acc + WL leading
SLS -Rare Combination BEARING 1

Vertical Force Horizontal Force
Description Factor
Max Min Permanent Longitudinal Transverse
DL 1.00 3055.87 3055.87 3055.87
SIDL1 1.00 296.00 296.00 296.00
SIDL2 1.20 639.80 639.80 639.80
LL-Leading 1.00 722.36 -0.23
LL-Accompanyi 0.75 541.77 -0.17
WL-Leading 1.00 -204.15 -945.10
WL-Accompanyi 0.60 -122.49 -567.06
Normal CB1 4714.03 3991.45 3991.67 388.58 0
CB2 4591.54 3424.38 3991.67
Wind Case 3810.20 2122.50
CB3 4329.29 3046.40

Description Factor
DL 1.00 3045.31 3045.31 3045.31
SIDL1 1.00 296.00 296.00 296.00
SIDL2 1.20 639.80 639.80 639.80
LL-Leading 1.00 1520.71 -0.03
LL-Accompanyi 0.75 1520.71 -0.02
WL-Leading 1.00 -165.12 -906.08
WL-Accompanyi 0.60 -99.07 -543.65
Normal CB1 5501.82 3981.08 3981.11 274.73 0
CB2 5402.75 3437.44 3981.11
Wind Case 254.79 892.69
CB3 5336.70 3075.02

Description Factor
DL 1.00 3020.12 3020.12 3020.12
SIDL1 1.00 296.00 296.00 296.00
SIDL2 1.20 639.80 639.80 639.80
LL-Leading 1.00 548.58 -2.89
LL-Accompanyi 0.75 411.43 -2.17
WL-Leading 1.00 911.29 170.34
WL-Accompanyi 0.60 546.77 102.20
Normal CB1 4504.50 3953.04 3955.93 388.58 0
CB2 5051.28 4055.24 3955.93
Wind Case 3404.47 0.00
CB3 5278.65 4124.10

Description Factor
DL 1.00 3009.67 3009.67 3009.67
SIDL1 1.00 296.00 296.00 296.00
SIDL2 1.20 639.80 639.80 639.80
LL-Leading 1.00 1520.72 -1.72
LL-Accompanyi 0.75 1520.72 -1.29
WL-Leading 1.00 939.89 198.93
WL-Accompanyi 0.60 563.93 119.36
Normal CB1 5466.19 3943.75 3945.47 274.73 0
CB2 6030.12 4063.11 3945.47
Wind Case 288.49 0.00
CB3 6406.08 4143.11
ULS Load Combination
NH-88 46 381247291.xlsx
CB1 DL+SIDL1+SIDL2+LL Max

CB2 DL+SIDL1+SIDL2+LL leading + WL acc
CB3 DL+SIDL1+SIDL2+LL acc + WL leading
CB4 DL+SIDL1+SIDL2+LL leading + EQ
ULS - Basic Combination BEARING 1

Description Factor
DL 1.35 4125.42 4125.42 4125.42
SIDL1 1.35 399.60 399.60 399.60
SIDL2 1.75 933.05 933.05 933.05
LL-Leading 1.50 1083.53 -0.34
LL-Accompanyi 1.15 830.71 -0.26
WL-Leading 1.50 -306.22 -1417.65
WL-Accompanyi 0.90 -183.73 -850.59
Normal CB1 6541.60 5457.73 5458.07 556.53 0
CB2 6357.87 4607.14 5458.07
Wind Case 5715.30 3183.75
CB3 5982.56 4040.16

Description Factor
DL 1.35 4111.17 4111.17 4111.17
SIDL1 1.35 399.60 399.60 399.60
SIDL2 1.75 933.05 933.05 933.05
LL-Leading 1.50 1919.81 -0.05
LL-Accompanyi 1.15 1520.71 -0.03
WL-Leading 1.50 -247.68 -1359.11
WL-Accompanyi 0.90 -148.61 -815.47
Normal CB1 7363.63 5443.77 5443.81 385.75 0
CB2 7215.02 4628.30 5443.81
Wind Case 355.80 1339.03
CB3 6716.84 4084.67

Description Factor
DL 1.35 4077.17 4077.17 4077.17
SIDL1 1.35 399.60 399.60 399.60
SIDL2 1.75 933.05 933.05 933.05
LL-Leading 1.50 822.87 -4.33
LL-Accompanyi 1.15 630.86 -3.32
WL-Leading 1.50 1366.94 255.51
WL-Accompanyi 0.90 820.16 153.30
Normal CB1 6232.68 5405.48 5409.81 556.53 0
CB2 7052.84 5558.78 5409.81
Wind Case 5106.70 0.00
CB3 7407.61 5662.00

Description Factor
DL 1.35 4063.05 4063.05 4063.05
SIDL1 1.35 399.60 399.60 399.60
SIDL2 1.75 933.05 933.05 933.05
LL-Leading 1.50 1520.72 -2.57
LL-Accompanyi 1.15 1520.72 -1.97
WL-Leading 1.50 1409.83 298.40
WL-Accompanyi 0.90 845.90 179.04
Normal CB1 6916.42 5393.12 5395.70 385.75 0
CB2 7762.31 5572.16 5395.70
Wind Case 406.60 0.00
CB3 8326.25 5692.12
ULS - Seismic Combination BEARING 1

Description Factor
DL 1.35 4125.42 4125.42 4125.42
SIDL1 1.35 399.60 399.60 399.60
SIDL2 1.75 933.05 933.05 933.05
LL 0.20 144.47 -0.05
Seismic 1.50 585.94 564.93 585.94
Total 6188.48 6022.95 6044.01 5684.03 2070.77

Description Factor
DL 1.35 4111.17 4111.17 4111.17
SIDL1 1.35 399.60 399.60 399.60
SIDL2 1.75 933.05 933.05 933.05
LL 0.20 304.14 -0.01
Seismic 1.50 600.62 563.40 600.62
Total 6348.58 6007.21 6044.44 270.97 2070.77

Description Factor
NH-88 47 381247291.xlsx
Description Factor
DL 1.35 4077.17 4077.17 4077.17
SIDL1 1.35 399.60 399.60 399.60
SIDL2 1.75 933.05 933.05 933.05
LL 0.20 109.72 -0.58
Seismic 1.50 575.69 559.65 575.69
Total 6095.22 5968.89 5985.50 5684.03 0.00

Description Factor
DL 1.35 4063.05 4063.05 4063.05
SIDL1 1.35 399.60 399.60 399.60
SIDL2 1.75 933.05 933.05 933.05
LL 0.20 304.14 -0.34
Seismic 1.50 583.94 583.94 583.94
Total 6283.78 5979.29 5979.63 270.97 0.00
Calculation of Translation of Superstructure due to Temp. ,Shrinkage and Creep (At Free End)
Reversible Movement due to Temperature rise and fall
Movement in Longitudinal Direction = 1.20E-05 x 45 x 72000 = + - 38.880 mm
Movement in transverse direction = 1.20E-05 x 45 x 13100.00 = + - 7.074 mm
Note: Increase the movement by ±20mm in both direction of movement with a min. movement of ±50mm in longitudinal direction and ±25mm
in transverse direction
Max
Hence Movement in Longitudinal Direction = 38.880 + 15 = 53.880 mm 53.880
subjected to min 50 mm
Movement in transverse direction = 7.074 + 15 = 22.074 mm 25.000
subjected to min 25
Irreversible Movement due to Shrinkage and Creep
shrinkage strain
2 Due to shrinkage = -2.0E-04 x 72000 = -14.400 mm
creep strain
3 Due to creep = -4.0E-04 x 72000 = -2.880 mm
10
Total movement due to Shrinkage and Creep shall be = -17.280 mm

say 20 mm
Calculation of Rotation Grade of concrete = M40
For simply supported span it may be computed as

ad = 400 Mmax. L x 10^-3
(E I)
Es = 2.0E+11
Where Ec = = 3.33E+10 Pa
E = Ec / 2 = 1.67E+10 Pa For permanent load
S. No. Load case Mmax. Es I L ad

(Nm) ( Pa) ( m^4) (m)
1 DL 563000 2.00E+11 0.0194 72.000 4.18E-03
2 SIDL 147000 2.00E+11 0.0194 72.000 1.09E-03
3 F.P.L.L 0.00 2.00E+11 0.0194 72.000 0.00E+00
4 wind 179000 2.00E+11 0.0194 72.000 1.33E-03
5 CWLL 1195000 2.00E+11 0.0194 72.000 8.87E-03
Total 1.55E-02
Design Rotation = 1.55E-02 x 1.3 = 0.0201 radian

0.020 (say)
Note: Increase the rotation by ±0.005 rad subjected to min ± 10/r rad
Max
Final design rotation = 0.0155 + 0.005 = 0.0205 0.0205
Min 0.01
SPHERICAL BEARING DESIGN FORCES
Trasverse
Longitudinal Free
Bearing Type Fix Bearing Guided
Guided Bearing Bearing
Bearing
Bearing Identification Mark/Number B1 B2 B3 B4
Steel
Upper Surface Steel (E350) Steel (E350) Steel (E350)
(E350)
Seating Material
Concrete Concrete Concrete
Lower Surface Concrete (M45)
(M45) (M45) (M45)
Max 4714 5502 4505 5466
Vertical
Serviceability Limit State Load
(Normal)
NH-88 48 381247291.xlsx
Vertical
Permenant 3992 3981 3956 3945
Min 3991 3981 3953 3944
(Normal)
Horizontal Longitudinal 389 275 389 275
Load Transverse 0 0 0 0
Max 4592 5403 5279 6406
Vertical
Permenant 3992 3981 3956 3945
Min 3424 3437 4124 4143
(Wind)
Max 6542 7364 6233 6916
Vertical
Permenant 5458 5444 5410 5396
Design Load
Ultimate Limit State (Normal) Min 5458 5444 5405 5393
Load (kN)
Max 6358 7215 7408 8326
Vertical
Permenant 5458 5444 5410 5396
Load
Ultimate Limit State (Wind) Min 4607 4628 5662 5692
Max 6188 6349 6095 6284
Vertical
Permenant 6044 6044 5986 5980
Load
Ultimate Limit State (Seismic) Min 6023 6007 5969 5979
Longitudinal
Serviceability Irreversible
Transverse
Limit State
(Normal) Longitudinal - ± 53.88 - ±53.88
Reversible
Translation Transverse - - ± 25 25
±
(mm) Longitudinal - - - -
Irreversible
Ultimate Limit Transverse - - - -
State (Normal) Longitudinal - - - -
Reversible
Transverse - - - -
Longitudinal 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020
Serviceability Irreversible
Rotation Transverse - - - -
Limit State
(Radian) Longitudinal 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020
(Normal) Reversible
Transverse - - - -
NH-88 49 381247291.xlsx

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DESIGN INPUT:

Span of Bowstring Arch Bridge = 72 m c/c of bearings

Ultimate strength of shear connector 146 kN for 25 mm stud dia

Material Safety Factor

Max permissible bending stress in tension or compression.

Average Shear Stress = fy ÷ γm

Front Front area of

Arch Ribs 2 483.56 77.22 74681 37.20 166.06 0.80 61.78

Hangers 22 404.28 9.11 81025 19.80 46.01 0.40 40.08

Total Weight = 245861 Kg 190.66

Deck Slab : 250 mm Thk.

Green weight of deck slab = 26 kN/m3 as per IRC:87-2011 , Clause 6.3.2.1.3

Temporary Construction Load= 3.6 kN/m2 as per IRC:87-2011 , Clause 6.3.2.4.3

2) SIDL - without surfacing :

3) Surfacing ( Wearing Coat) = 2.20 kN/m2

4) Footpath Load = 5.00 kN/m2

5) CWLL - Live load combination as per Table 6 of IRC:6-2017

6) WIND LOAD CASE As per Clause 209 of IRC:6-2017

Average height of exposed surface above Ground Surfac = 28 m

Design Transverse Wind Force

Where , Pz = 977.63 N/m2

Span Length = 72.000 m

Gust factor , G = 2.0 as per Clause 209.3.3

Net area of truss = 191 m2

FT = 1393.71 KN 3.226 kN/m2 For Windward truss

Fv = 1383.15 KN 1.466 kN/m2 Downward

Bending Bending Shear Shear

Check for Section Class :

Design bending strength of Member (Mdxx):

Elastic critical moment (Mcrx): Mcrx = βbZpxfcr,bx

βb = 1.00E+00 (1 For Plastic/Compact section, Ze/Zp for semicompact)

Effective length for lateral torsional buckling(LLT) = 1*Lx = 6.00 m

Radius of gyration of Member, rxx = 0.372 m

Slenderness ratio = kLx = 16.13

fcr,b x = 8406.7 Mpa

Plastic sectional modulus , Zpx = 1.79E+07 mm3

Mcr = bb Zpx fcr.bx = 1.51E+05 KNm

αLT = 0.49 For welded section

fbdx = χLT (fy/γm0) = 218.18 Mpa

Mdx = 3906.8 KNm

Design bending strength of Member (Mdyy):

Elastic critical moment (Mcry): Mcry = βbZpyfcr,by

βb = 8.91E-01 (1 For Plastic/Compact section, Ze/Zp for semicompact)

Effective length for lateral torsional buckling(LLT) = 1*Ly = 6.00 m

Radius of gyration of Member, ryy = 0.251 m

Slenderness ratio = kLy = 23.90

fcr,b y = 3824.6 Mpa

Plastic sectional modulus , Zpy = 3.48E+07 mm3

Mcr = bb Zpy fcr.by = 1.18E+05 KNm

αLT = 0.49 For welded section

fbdy = χLT (fy/γm0) = 212.58 Mpa

Mdy = 6586.1 KNm

DESIGN OF WEB FOR SHEAR :

Vn = 7316.18 KN > 274.00 KN

As the Shear force V < 0.6*Vd

Design bending strength in x-x direction

Design bending strength-Y-Y direction

Axial Force Capacity of Section along X-X axis

Design Axial Force = 12213.000 KN Compressive Force