Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
22 views

CHAPTER 1 Sample3

Uploaded by

အောင်ဆန်းမင်း
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views

CHAPTER 1 Sample3

Uploaded by

အောင်ဆန်းမင်း
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 . Introduction
Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed
intervals. Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops , maintain landscapes , and reve-
getate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall.
Irrigation also has other uses in crop production, including frost protection,
suppressing weed growth in grain fields and preventing soil consolidation.
Irrigation systems are also used for cooling livestock, dust suppression,
disposal of sewage, and in mining. Irrigation is often studied together with drainage,
which is the removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area. Irrigation
has been a central feature of agriculture for over 5,000 years and is the product of
many cultures.
As part of the development community’s fascination with the field of
appropriate technologies, a range of technologies, techniques and practices have been
developed over the years on behalf of smallholders. However, many, if not most,
technologies have not been successful in their performance, application,dissemination
or adoption. Development agencies have tried to encourage farmers to adopt bush
pumps, rope-and-washer pumps, rower pumps, treadle pumps, pitcher pot systems,
drag-hose sprinklers, hydraulic ram pumps, micro-irrigation systems, windmills,
water harvesting techniques and a host of other technologies with mixed success.
While it may be that some of the technologies simply did not perform up to the
expectations, there is a natural tendency to over-emphasize the technology itself rather
than pay attention to the process by which it is identified, modified, and disseminated.
A reliable and suitable irrigation water supply can result in vast improvements
in agricultural production and assure the economic vitality of the region. Many
civilizations have been dependent on irrigated agriculture to provide the basis of their
society and enhance the security of their people. Some have estimated that as little as
2

15-20 percent of the worldwide total cultivated area is irrigated. Judging from
irrigated and non-irrigated yields in some areas, this relatively small fraction of
agriculture may be contributing as much as 30-40 % of gross agricultural output
(FAO, 1989).
Besides management problems of largescale irrigations, most existing modern
irrigation devices do not fit the plots of smallholders, and are far too expensive (in
terms of capital or running costs)to be affordable. One key, then, to increasing the
agricultural productivity of small farmers is access to affordable and efficient
irrigation technologies.

1.2 . Aim and Objectives


The major aim of this mini thesis is to critically assess the automation of an
irrigation system using a programable timer controller as the main brain of controller.
Moreover, there are some major objectives of this mini thesis and they are as
follow;
 To design, construct and test an automatic irrigation system,
 To improve the agriculture and irrigation efficiency
 To develop an automated system that solves most problems related to
irrigation and agriculture, such as controlling and saving both the water and
electricity.
 To solve a lot of ploblem watering the plants in the garden, especially when
the garden away from home.
 To be smart,simpler easier and much more convenient the life style of the
farmers
 To reduce human daily life activities, jobs and the loss of human energy.
 To be a low cost and high technology used for all farmer in Local Myanmar.

1.3 . Scope Of Mini Thesis


In this mini thesis, automatic irrigation system by using a programable timer
controller is presented in details. It is targeted to 0.5 acre irrigation and gardern
watering and research field aera for example calculation is regarded as potatto farm
between October and December, located in the middle part of Myanmar. All
agricultural data for automatic irrigation system are helped by irrigation engineer and
3

is constructed by using programable 7 days time controller , floatless relay and other
pump motor control device of electrical engineering.

1.4. Implementation Program


The mini thesis is implemented in accordance with the following procedures,
 Practical training to study characteristics of this system at HT-LT
Co.Ltd and Proximity Design Organization.
 Search and study the background theory and knowledge associated
with the system.
 Collecting the data sheets, operation theory and characteristics of the
devices to design this system.
 Studying and selecting the components needed for the system
 Making the design calculation for the system
 Constructing the hardware design and
 Testing the overall system.

1.7 .Organization Of Mini Thesis


This mini thesis, it cocsists of five chapters. In Chapter 1, the introduction of
the system is presented. Chapter 2 describes the overview of automatic irrigation
system. Components of the presents design is expressed in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4,
calculation and operation of present system design is presented. The last chapter,
Chapter 5 consists of disscussions and conclusion.
4

You might also like